CN102041640B - 高强度和高伸长率擦拭物 - Google Patents
高强度和高伸长率擦拭物 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/671—Multiple nonwoven fabric layers composed of the same polymeric strand or fiber material
Abstract
本发明提供高强度非织造擦拭材料和该材料的制备方法。高强度非织造擦拭材料包含纤维素纤维、合成纤维、或其混合物,与双组分纤维和任选地,粘合剂。本发明提供具有优异拉伸强度的高强度、高伸长率、降低的刚度的非织造擦拭材料。
Description
本申请为申请号200580048888.5、申请日2005年12月13日、发明名称“高强度和高伸长率擦拭物”的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请按照35U.S.C.§119,基于申请No.60/642,048,提交日2005年1月6日,申请No.60/669,830,提交日2005年4月8日,和申请No.60/741,583,提交日2005年12月2日要求优先权,所有这些文献由此全文引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及高强度非织造复合材料和它们的制造方法。
发明背景
在非织造复合材料如擦拭物的制造中,已提出某些添加剂用于具体的目的,如增加干强度、湿强度、干伸长率、湿伸长率,改进软度,降低刚度或润湿性能的控制。在过去,已将强度剂加入纸制品中以增加它们的强度或另外当与水接触时和/或当用于湿环境中时控制产品的性能。例如,将强度剂加入纸巾中使得纸巾可在润湿之后用于擦拭和擦净表面而没有纸巾碎裂。也将湿强度剂加入面巾中以当接触流体时防止织物撕裂。在一些应用中,也将强度剂加入浴巾中以在使用期间对织物提供强度。但是,当加入浴巾中时,湿强度剂在浴巾落入便桶和冲入下水道管线时不应阻止浴巾碎裂。由于它们仅将织物中的湿强度保持具体长度的时间,加入浴巾的湿强度剂有时被称为临时湿强度剂。
尽管在向纸制品提供强度性能中取得了极大的进步,本领域仍然存在增加或另外更好地控制强度和伸长率性能和降低纸制品的某些应用中的刚度的各种需要。例如,具有低强度和/或低伸长率的婴儿擦拭物可以在使用期间崩溃,它可对用户具有负面后果。此外,增加擦拭物的强度的目前方法典型地包括更多合成材料的使用,该合成材料的成本更高,通常导致更刚硬的产品,环境友好性较差,和对于保持液体或半液体材料具有较少的吸收能力。
需要成本有效的非织造组合物,该组合物对纤维材料,如擦拭物提供高强度、高伸长率和降低的刚度性能,同时保持高性能和吸收性。
发明概述
本发明提供具有优异拉伸强度的高强度、高伸长率、降低的刚度的非织造擦拭材料,因此在使用期间对用户提供更多的保护,同时也降低成本和降低合成材料的消耗。
此类型的目前商品上的婴儿擦拭物的横向湿(CDW)拉伸强度典型地为大约177g/cm(450g/in),而本发明能够在同等合成物含量下给予至多和超过256g/cm(650g/in),和甚至至多和超过455g/cm的拉伸强度。此类型的目前商品上的婴儿擦拭物的CDW伸长率为约25%,而本发明能够在同等或更低合成物含量下给予至多和超过50%的CDW伸长率。另外,此类型的目前擦拭材料典型地具有超过135mm的高角弯曲刚度,而本发明能够在同等合成物含量下给予约100mm或更低的角弯曲刚度。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及高强度非织造擦拭材料,其含有
(A)约45-约95wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维选自纤维素纤维、合成纤维、以及纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物;
(B)约5-约55wt%双组分纤维,其中该双组分纤维的长度为约3mm-约36mm;和
(C)任选地,约0-约15wt%粘合剂,
其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有
(D)定量为约40gsm-约100gsm;
(E)密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc;和
(F)CDW拉伸强度为约147g/cm或更大。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,所述材料的CDW拉伸强度为约194g/cm或更大,优选约208g/cm或更大,更优选约239g/cm或更大,更优选约252g/cm或更大,和甚至更优选约681g/cm或更大。在其它实施方案中,所述材料的CDW拉伸强度为约394g/cm或更大,优选约591g/cm或更大,和更优选约787g/cm或更大。
在某些实施方案中,所述双组分纤维含有部分拉伸的芯。在本发明的不同的实施方案中,高强度多层非织造擦拭材料含有:
(A)约45-约95wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维选自纤维素纤维、合成纤维、以及纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物;
(B)约5-约55wt%双组分纤维,其中该双组分纤维的长度为约3mm-约36mm;和
(C)任选地,0-约15wt%粘合剂,
其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有
(D)定量为约40gsm-约100gsm,
(E)密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc,和
(F)CDW拉伸强度为约252g/cm或更大,和
其中所述材料含有至少一个包括约60wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维的层。
在某些实施方案中,所述材料进一步含有两个或多个不同的层,其中任一个层的组成不同于至少一个相邻层。在另一个实施方案中,所述材料含有两个外层和一个或多个内层,和所述内层的基体纤维包括双组分纤维。在其它实施方案中,所述材料含有两个外层和一个或多个内层和所述内层的双组分纤维重量百分比大于所述外层中的双组分纤维重量百分比。
在特定的实施方案中,其中所述材料含有两个外层和一个或多个内层,一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是约70wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量,优选约70wt%-约95wt%双组分纤维,更优选约75wt%-约95wt%双组分纤维,更优选约80wt%-约90wt%双组分纤维。在其它实施方案中,其中所述材料含有两个外层和一个或多个内层,一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是约90wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,高强度非织造擦拭材料包括:
(A)约0-约10wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维选自纤维素纤维、合成纤维、以及纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物;
(B)约90-约100wt%双组分纤维,其中该双组分纤维含有部分拉伸的芯;和
(C)任选地,0-约15wt%粘合剂,
其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有
(D)定量为约40gsm-约100gsm,
(E)密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc,
(F)CDW拉伸强度为约1,200g/cm或更高,和
(G)CDW伸长率为约50%-约60%。
在另一个实施方案中,所述高强度非织造材料包括
(A)约0-约40wt%基体纤维,
(B)约60-约100wt%双组分纤维,其中该双组分纤维的长度为约3mm-约36mm和
(C)任选地,至多约8wt%的乳液聚合物粘合剂,
其中所述非织造材料具有
(D)定量为约40gsm-约100gsm和
(E)密度为约0.03g/cc-约0.15g/cc
(F)和CDW拉伸强度为约1,200g/cm-约2,000g/cm或更大,和
(G)所述材料的CDW伸长率为约50%-约60%。
本发明中所述双组分材料的长度为约6mm或更大,约8mm或更大,优选10mm或更大,和优选约12mm或更大。
本发明也涉及前述权利要求之一的擦拭材料的生产方法,其包括气流铺置(airlaying)约45-约90wt%的基体纤维,该基体纤维包括纤维素纤维、合成纤维或纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物;和约5-约55wt%双组分纤维以形成具有一个或多个层的材料,其中所述材料含有至少一个内层,该内层包括约60wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维,其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约3mm-约36mm,和其中所述非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度为约90g/cm-约2,600g/cm。
在另一个实施方案中,前述权利要求之一的擦拭材料的生产方法包括气流铺置约45-约95wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维包括纤维素纤维、合成纤维或纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物,约5-约55wt%的长度为约3mm-约36mm的双组分纤维,和任选地,0-约15wt%粘合剂,其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有:定量为约40gsm-约100gsm,密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc,和CDW拉伸强度为约147g/cm或更大。
在另一实施方案中,前述权利要求之一的擦拭材料的生产方法包括气流铺置约45-约95wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维包括纤维素纤维、合成纤维或纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物,约5-约55wt%的长度为约3mm-约36mm的双组分纤维,和任选地,0-约15wt%粘合剂,其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有:定量为约40gsm-约100gsm,密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc,和CDW拉伸强度为约252g/cm或更大,和其中所述材料含有包括约60wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维的层。
在另一实施方案中,前述权利要求之一的擦拭材料的生产方法包括气流铺置约0wt%-约40wt%的基体纤维,和约60wt%-约100wt%双组分纤维以形成具有一个或多个层的材料,和任选地,至多约8wt%粘合剂,其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有:定量为约40gsm-约100gsm,密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc,和其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约3mm-约36mm,和其中所述材料的CDW拉伸强度为约1,200g/cm或更大,和其中CDW伸长率为约50%-约60%。
优选地,本发明的非织造材料由气流铺置法生产。在某些实施方案中,所述双组分纤维由一个成形头沉积。
优选地,本发明的非织造材料可以用作具有多种吸收结构的组分,包括但不限于尿布、妇女卫生材料、大小便失禁用具、外科用帷帘和相关材料,以及擦拭物和拖把。
本发明的这些和其它方面在详细描述和实施例中更详细讨论。
附图简述
图1说明当双组分纤维的水平增加时提高的拉伸强度。该图显示在对照和层状结构之间相对于双组分纤维百分比的横向湿(CDW)(g/cm)。
图2说明与纸浆和6mm长度双组分纤维的均匀共混物相比,相对于双组分纤维百分比以CDW(g/cm)计,纸浆和12mm长度双组分纤维的均匀共混物的提高的拉伸强度。
图3说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是包含双组分纤维和纸浆的混合物的均匀结构。此截面代表实施例中呈现的样品1-10,21-24,30,33,36,39,52和53-57。
图4说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是层状结构,其中一个层是100%双组分纤维和第二层由双组分纤维和纸浆的混合物构成。此截面代表实施例中呈现的样品11-20。
图5说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是层状商品结构,该结构含有低双组分纤维含量和高纸浆含量的混合物的第一层,高双组分纤维含量的第二层,和低双组分纤维含量和高纸浆含量的混合物的第三层。此截面代表实施例中呈现的样品25,25B,26,26B,29,32,35,38,41,42,44和45。
图6说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是层状商品结构,该结构含有低双组分纤维含量和高纸浆含量的混合物的第一层,100%双组分纤维含量的第二层,和低双组分纤维含量和高纸浆含量的混合物的第三层。此截面代表实施例中呈现的样品27,27B,28,31,34,37,40和43。
图7说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是层状中试结构,该结构含有粘合剂的第一层,双组分纤维和纸浆的混合物的第二均匀层,和粘合剂的第三层。此截面代表实施例中的样品46-51。
图8说明用于测定样品刚度的角弯曲刚度装置。标记为“1”的顶部片是以毫米校准的板条。测试样品标记为“2”和在板条以下。角弯曲刚度装置标记为“3”和在样品以下。最接近45度倾斜的角弯曲刚度装置的前缘标记为“4”。角弯曲刚度装置的45度倾斜侧的平面标记为“5”。
图9说明擦拭材料的截面,该擦拭材料是100%双组分纤维。此截面代表实施例中呈现的样品52。
图10说明包含部分拉伸的芯的双组分纤维的结构的归一化CDW拉伸强度和伸长率。部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维的百分比在x-轴上表示(%);CDW伸长率的百分比(%)在第一y-轴上表示为方块数据图;和CDW拉伸强度(g/cm)在第二y-轴上表示为圆形数据图。
发明详述
本发明提供高强度非织造擦拭材料,该非织造擦拭材料包括双组分纤维,粘合剂,和市售的绒毛浆。
定义
在此使用的“非织造物”表示材料的类别,包括但不限于纺织品或塑料。“擦拭物”因此是非织造物的子类别。
术语“重量百分比”用于将材料中化合物的重量数量称为材料的重量百分比或将材料中组分的重量数量称为最终非织造品的重量百分比。
在此使用的术语“定量”表示在给定区域上化合物的重量数量。测量单位的例子包括表示为缩写词(gsm)的克每平方米。在本发明中,非织造材料的定量为约25gsm-约250gsm,优选约40gsm-约100gsm。更优选地,非织造材料的定量为约50gsm-约75gsm。
在此使用的术语“高强度”或“高拉伸强度”表示材料的强度。最小地,本材料在横向湿(CDW)强度上具有20%增加。非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度为约90g/cm-约2,600g/cm。在某些实施方案中,CDW拉伸强度为约98g/cm-约984g/cm。优选地,拉伸强度超过约100g/cm,更优选地超过约147g/cm。
在特定的实施方案中,依赖于非织造材料的双组分纤维组成数量,CDW拉伸强度是约100g/cm或更大,优选约147g/cm或更大,优选约194g/cm或更大,优选约208g/cm或更大。在其它实施方案中,CDW拉伸强度是约239g/cm或更大,优选约252g/cm或更大,优选约326g/cm或更大,或至多约394g/cm或更大,或至多约591g/cm或更大,至多约681g/cm或更大,或至多约787g/cm或更大。在其中双组分纤维含量是约60wt%或更高的特定实施方案中,拉伸强度可以是约1,200g/cm或更高,优选约1,700g/cm或更高,更优选约2,000g/cm或更高。
非织造材料的密度表示整个非织造材料的密度。非织造材料的密度为约0.03-约0.15g/cc。
材料的整体性可以由例如以下所述的CDW拉伸强度测试评价。将样品沿垂直于在机器上生产气流铺置非织造物的方向切割。样品应当是四英寸长和一英寸宽。将样品对折和浸入水中到中点共计5秒的时间。然后将样品在拉伸测试仪的夹具中放置。典型的拉伸测试仪是由Thwing-Albert Instrument Company(Philadelphia,PA)生产的EJAVantage 5。仪器的夹具被由加载单元施加的力拉开直到样品断裂。拉伸测试仪记录断裂样品所需的力。此数字报导为横向湿拉伸。横向湿拉伸报导为缩写词CDW和典型的单位是衍生自相对于样品宽度(以厘米计)的力的量(以克计)的克每厘米。
在此使用的术语“高伸长率”表示材料的伸长率。最小地,本材料在CDW伸长率百分比上具有15%增加。优选地,材料的CDW伸长率百分比为约15%-约100%,优选约15%-约50%,优选超过25%。在另一个实施方案中,材料的CDW伸长率百分比为约50%-约60%。CDW伸长率百分比由与CDW拉伸强度相同的方法计算。将CDW伸长率给出为样品相对于初始长度位移的总距离的百分比。
在此使用的术语“低刚度”表示由角弯曲刚度法测试的材料的刚度。最小地,本材料在角弯曲刚度上具有25%减小。优选地,材料的角弯曲刚度为约50mm-120mm,优选小于110mm。材料的刚度可以由例如以下所述的横向(CD)角弯曲刚度测试评价。角弯曲刚度设备见图8。将样品沿垂直于将气流铺置非织造物在机器上生产的方向切割,该方向也称为横向(CD)。样品应当是300mm长和50.8mm宽。然后将样品放置在角弯曲刚度设备的顶部上使得样品条的窄部分的前缘与角弯曲刚度设备的边缘在设备的45度倾斜侧上均匀对准。然后将沿300mm边缘的长度具有毫米刻度的300mm长、60mm宽的扁平条放置在样品的顶部上,也称为板条。将板条对准使得50.8mm宽侧是前缘和与样品的边缘和图8所示的角弯曲刚度设备均匀对准。然后将样品和校准的板条横跨表面缓慢地水平移动,保持与角弯曲刚度设备在所有时间的接触。将样品跨过边缘延伸出直到它在空气中在角弯曲刚度设备的45度倾斜侧以上悬置。将样品和板条采用此方式连续移动直到样品开始向下弯曲。当样品已在前缘上移动足够的距离使得样品被足够弯曲以使它的前缘将45度倾斜的平面断裂时,则将它已经移动的距离以板条上给出的毫米记录。更刚硬的产品会给出以毫米计的更高的角弯曲刚度和更可褶皱的产品会给出以毫米计的更低的角弯曲刚度。
在此使用的术语“长丝”表示连续结构如在纺丝、拉伸、卷曲和切割步骤之前的制造工艺的其它步骤期间纤维初始具有的形式。
在此使用的术语“纤维”表示当在制造工艺期间切割长丝时,已经被切割成更小片段的长丝如对长丝或许多长丝发生的那样,也称为丝束。纤维也可以由其它方法形成。
在此使用的术语“部分拉伸的芯”或“部分拉伸的纤维”意指所有或一部分纤维,如采用双组分纤维,还没有被拉伸或伸长以达到它的纤维形式的最高可能的韧度或强度,但已经进行了某种程度的拉伸或伸长以向纤维中诱导某种程度的取向或结晶度和强度。因此,一旦引入制品,部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维或部分拉伸的均聚物仍然能够被进一步伸长或拉伸。由于在制品如湿擦拭物中引入时进一步被拉伸,这使得部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维或部分拉伸的均聚物可以对制品提供额外的强度和伸长率。将均聚物或双组分纤维典型地伸长至接近破坏点,这是由于这向纤维形式中诱导高结晶度和强度水平。在它被切割成纤维之前,长丝的拉伸或伸长可以在纺丝和拉伸两个步骤中进行。当将熔融纤维从喷丝头的面部拉出时发生也称为牵伸的纺丝步骤期间的拉伸,导致纺成的长丝的拉伸。例如,市售的2.0dpf双组分纤维,如Trevira 1661的伸长率为或约40%,而部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维如2.0dpf的Trevira T255的伸长率为或约100%或更大。要求某种程度的拉伸以防止纺成的长丝由于老化而变脆,它可以在拉伸步骤期间引起灾难性破坏,如断裂。纺丝和拉伸均聚物和双组分纤维的许多例子公开于U.S.专利No.4,115,989,4,217,321,4,529,368,4,687,610,5,185,199,5,372,885和6,841,245。生产纤维、纱线和其它熔纺或挤出的材料的许多例子(生产的材料被称为未拉伸,但在熔融纺丝阶段期间具有一些拉伸,其中将聚合物从喷丝头的面部拉出)和生产纤维、纱线和其它熔纺或挤出的材料的许多例子(其中当它们离开喷丝头的面部时将很少的张力或无张力施于长丝,例如粘合性聚合物,被形成和称为未拉伸)公开于U.S.专利No.3,931,386,4,021,410,4,237,187,4,434,204,4,609,710,5,229,060,5,336,709,5,634,249,5,660,804,5,773,825,5,811,186,5,849,232,5,972,463和6,080,482。
在此使用的术语“约”或“大约”表示对于由本领域技术人员测定的特定数值在可接受的误差范围内,它部分依赖于如何测量或测定数值,例如,测量系统的限制。例如,约或大约可表示在1标准偏差之内或大于1标准偏差,按照本领域中的实践。或者,约或大约可表示给定数值的至多20%,优选至多10%,更优选至多5%,和更优选仍至多1%的范围。或者,术语可表示在数量级之内,优选在数值的5倍之内,和更优选在数值的2倍之内。
在此使用的术语“熔融纺丝”表示工艺,其中将熔融聚合物通过喷丝头或模头挤出成长丝,随后通过切割将该长丝转化成单个纤维。熔融纺丝可利用通过连续进料工艺或通过切片形式由来的聚合物,其中将切片加热到熔融状态。在两种情况下,将熔融聚合物在规定流速下通过喷丝头泵送。喷丝头是具有孔的板,通常由金属或陶瓷制成,孔的数目和孔尺寸依赖于所需的纤维类型而变化。喷丝头也可包含过滤介质,该介质可用作过滤器和静态混合器两者以得到更均匀的产品。在将熔融聚合物通过喷丝头泵送之后它形成长丝,将该长丝几乎立即用介质骤冷或冷却,该介质有效地从熔融聚合物脱除热量。这将使长丝可以在那里保持形状为长丝以用于纤维形成工艺中的未来步骤。从喷丝头的面部拉出连续长丝和汇合到一起以形成丝束,它实质上是长丝的集束。将长丝从喷丝头的面部取走的工艺,其实质上为拉出,导致聚合物中的轻微取向,这是由于此拉出导致对纤维的某种拉伸。丝束,现在也称为短纤纱,然后准备用于纤维形成工艺中的随后步骤,该步骤包括但不限于拉伸。
在此使用的术语“拉伸”表示工艺,其中机械拉出、伸长或拉伸来自熔融纺丝步骤的长丝,该长丝现在可以被称为丝束或短纤纱。这导致丝束中单个长丝的直径降低,同时也增加分子取向和增加拉伸强度。通常施加热量以协助丝束的拉伸。拉伸可如下完成:使丝束在增加速度的辊上通过,该辊拉动丝束的单个长丝和引起它们直径降低,有助于在长丝中排列单个聚合物链,也陈述为给予分子取向,该分子取向导致提高的拉伸强度。随后的步骤也可包括热定形、卷曲、切割和打包。
前述的定义不限制本发明的范围,这是由于纺丝和拉伸也可以在连续工艺中发生和或可以优化纺丝工艺使得它提供长丝的大多数拉伸和或拉伸步骤可提供长丝的大多数拉伸。用于拉伸长丝的任何这些各种方法可以被用以生产在此内部引用的部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维和均聚物纤维。此外存在本领域已知的用于生产部分拉伸的纤维的其它方法。
非织造材料
本发明的基体纤维可以是天然的、合成的或其混合物。在一个实施方案中,纤维可以是纤维素类纤维、一种或多种合成纤维、或其混合物。本领域已知的任何纤维素纤维,包括任何天然来源的纤维素纤维,如来源于木纸浆的那些纤维,可用于纤维素层。优选的纤维素纤维包括,但不限于来源于软木、硬木或棉短绒的煮蒸纤维,如牛皮纸、预水解的牛皮纸、苏打、亚硫酸盐、化学热机械和热机械处理的纤维。更优选的纤维素纤维包括,但不限于牛皮纸煮蒸纤维,包括预水解的牛皮纸煮蒸纤维。适合用于本发明的是来源于软木,如松树、冷杉和云杉的纤维素纤维。其它适合的纤维素纤维包括来源于西班牙草、蔗渣、粗羊毛、亚麻、大麻、洋麻和其它沉香木和纤维素纤维源的那些纤维素纤维。适合的纤维素纤维包括,但不限于以商标(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,Tennessee)销售的漂白的牛皮纸南方松纤维。
本发明的非织造材料也可包括市售的增白绒毛浆,该绒毛浆包括,但不限于南方软木绒毛浆(如处理过的)、北方软木亚硫酸盐浆(如来自Weyerheuser的T 730)、或硬木浆(如桉树)。优选的纸浆是处理过的来自Buckeye TechnologiesInc.(Memphis,Tennessee),然而可以使用任何吸收性绒毛浆或其混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,适用于本发明的结构的基体纤维可包括纤维素或合成纤维或其共混物。最优选是木纤维素。也优选是棉短绒浆、化学改性的纤维素如交联的纤维素纤维和高度精制的纤维素纤维,如Buckeye HPF(均可购自Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,Tennessee)。可以将绒毛纤维与合成纤维,例如聚酯如PET、尼龙、聚乙烯或聚丙烯共混。
含有芯和鞘的双组分纤维是本领域已知的。许多种类用于制造非织造材料,特别是由气流铺置技术生产的那些。适用于本发明的各种双组分纤维公开于U.S.专利5,372,885和5,456,982,它们两者由此全文引入作为参考。双组分纤维制造商的例子包括Invista(Salisbury,NC)、Trevira(Bobingen,德国)和ES Fiber Visions(Athens,GA)。
双组分纤维可引入各种聚合物作为它们的芯和鞘组分。含有PE(聚乙烯)或改性的PE鞘的双组分纤维典型地含有PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或PP(聚丙烯)芯。在一个实施方案中,双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。双组分纤维的旦数优选为约1.0dpf-约4.0dpf,和更优选约1.5dpf-约2.5dpf。
双组分纤维的长度是约3mm-约36mm,优选约4mm-约24mm,更优选约5mm-约18mm,和甚至更优选约6mm-约12mm。在优选的实施方案中,双组分纤维是约6mm或更大,优选约8mm或更大,更优选约10mm或更大,和更优选约12mm或更大。
各种几何形状可用于本发明的双组分纤维,包括同心、偏心、海中岛和并排。总纤维的芯和鞘组分的相对重量百分比可以变化。
各种伸长、拉伸的程度或拉伸比可用于本发明中的双组分纤维,包括部分拉伸和高度拉伸的双组分纤维和均聚物。这些纤维可包括各种聚合物和可含有部分拉伸的芯、部分拉伸的鞘或部分拉伸的芯和鞘或它们可以是部分拉伸的均聚物。
双组分纤维典型地在工业上采用熔融纺丝制造。在此过程中,将每种熔融聚合物通过模头,如喷丝头挤出,随后牵引熔融聚合物以将它从喷丝头的面部移开,通过向周围流体介质,例如急冷空气的传热固化聚合物,和新固体长丝的卷取。在熔融纺丝之后的另外步骤也可包括热或冷拉伸、热处理、卷曲和切割。此总体制造工艺通常进行为间断两步骤工艺,该两步骤工艺首先包括长丝的纺丝和它们成丝束的收集,该丝束包括许多长丝。在纺丝步骤期间,当将熔融聚合物从喷丝头的面部拉开时,长丝的一些拉伸发生,它也可以被称为牵伸。在此之后为第二步骤,其中将纺成的纤维拉伸或伸长以增加分子取向和结晶度和向单个长丝提供提高的强度和其它物理性能。随后的步骤可包括热定形、卷曲和长丝成纤维的切割。依赖于构成芯和鞘的材料以及在拉伸或伸长工艺期间采用的条件,拉伸或伸长步骤可包括拉伸双组分纤维的芯、双组分纤维的鞘或双组分纤维的芯和鞘两者。双组分纤维也可以在连续工艺中形成,其中纺丝和拉伸在连续工艺中进行。根据纤维和长丝工业的标准术语,如下定义适用于在此使用的术语:
涉及纤维和长丝包括人造热塑性塑料纤维和长丝,和在此引入作为参考的方便参考文献是,例如:(a)Encyclopedia of PolymerScience and Technology,Interscience,纽约,vol.6(1967),pp.505-555和vol.9(1968),pp.403-440;(b)Kirk-OthmerEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology,vol.16,“烯烃纤维”,JohnWiley and Sons,纽约,1981,第3版;(c)人造和纤维和纺织品字典,Celanese Corporation;(d)纤维形成的基础知识--纤维纺丝和拉伸的科学,Adrezij Ziabicki,John Wiley and Sons,伦敦/纽约,1976;和(e)人造纤维,R.W.Moncrieff,John Wiley和Sons,伦敦/纽约,1975。
在纺丝和拉伸步骤之前、之中和之后包括许多其它工艺,公开于U.S.专利No.4,950,541,5,082,899,5,126,199,5,372,885,5,456,982,5,705,565,2,861,319,2,931,091,2,989,798,3,038,235,3,081,490,3,117,362,3,121,254,3,188,689,3,237,245,3,249,669,3,457,342,3,466,703,3,469,279,3,500,498,3,585,685,3,163,170,3,692,423,3,716,317,3,778,208,3,787,162,3,814,561,3,963,406,3,992,499,4,052,146,4,251,200,4,350,006,4,370,114,4,406,850,4,445,833,4,717,325,4,743,189,5,162,074,5,256,050,5,505,889,5,582,913,和6,670,035,所有文献在此全文引入作为参考。
完全拉伸的双组分纤维目前在商业规模上由公司如,但不限于Invista(Salisbury,NC),Wellman(Fort Mill,SC),Trevira(Bobingen,德国)和Fiber Visions(Varde,丹麦)生产。完全拉伸定义为被拉伸或伸长到接近拉伸或伸长的最大水平使得它在纤维中诱导高程度分子取向,和它提高纤维形式中的强度,而没有过度拉伸或过度伸长使得纤维具有灾难性破坏和潜在地断裂。本发明显示出,相对于使用完全拉伸的目前商业生产的双组分纤维的相同制品,未完全拉伸或伸长的纤维,如在商业规模上由上述公司和实施此技术的其它公司实施的纤维可提高最终制品的拉伸和伸长率性能。本发明包括制品,该制品包含以变化的拉伸或伸长程度部分拉伸的双组分纤维、高度拉伸的双组分纤维和其混合物。这些可包括高度拉伸的聚酯芯双组分纤维与各种鞘材料,具体包括聚乙烯鞘如Invista T255(Salisbury,NC)和Trevira T255(Bobingen,德国)或高度拉伸的聚丙烯芯双组分纤维与各种鞘材料,具体包括聚乙烯鞘如ES FiberVisions AL-Adhesion-C(Varde,丹麦)。另外,可以使用Trevira T265双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国),它含有部分拉伸的芯,该芯由聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)制成,和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
本发明的双组分纤维也可包括利用部分拉伸的聚酯芯与各种鞘材料的纤维,具体地包括聚乙烯鞘。基于如何将它们引入结构,可以杠杆化部分拉伸和高度拉伸的双组分纤维两者在相同结构中的使用以满足具体的物理和表现性能。本发明的双组分纤维在范围上不限于芯或鞘的任何具体聚合物,这是由于任何部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维可以提供关于伸长率和强度的增强性能。由于不同拉伸程度会在性能上产生不同的提高,部分拉伸的双组分纤维被拉伸的程度在范围上不受限制。部分拉伸的双组分纤维的范围包括具有各种芯鞘结构的纤维,该结构包括,但不限于同心、偏心、并排、海中岛、馅饼片段和其它变化。此外,本发明的范围覆盖部分拉伸的均聚物如聚酯、聚丙烯、尼龙和其它可熔融纺丝的聚合物的使用。本发明的范围也覆盖可含有多于两种聚合物作为纤维结构的一部分的多组分纤维。
适用于各种实施方案作为基体纤维或作为双组分粘合剂纤维的其它合成纤维包括从各种聚合物制造的纤维,该各种聚合物包括例如但不限于丙烯酸类、聚酰胺(例如尼龙6、尼龙6/6、尼龙12、聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸等)、聚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸类(例如聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸的酯等)、聚碳酸酯(例如聚双酚A碳酸酯、聚碳酸丙二醇酯等)、聚二烯烃(例如聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、聚降冰片烯等)、聚环氧化物、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚三亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯、聚己内酯、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚羟基丁酸酯、聚羟基戊酸酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己二酸丁二醇酯、聚琥珀酸丙二醇酯等)、聚醚(例如聚乙二醇(聚环氧乙烷)、聚丁二醇、聚环氧丙烷、聚甲醛(多聚甲醛)、聚四亚甲基醚(聚四氢呋喃)、聚表氯醇等)、聚氟烃、甲醛聚合物(例如脲-甲醛、蜜胺-甲醛、苯酚甲醛等)、天然聚合物(例如纤维素类、壳聚糖、木质素、蜡等)、聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚丁烯、聚辛烯等)、聚亚苯基类(例如聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚亚苯基醚砜等)、含硅聚合物(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚羧甲基(carbomethyl)硅烷等)、聚氨酯、聚乙烯基类(例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇的酯和醚、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚甲基乙烯基醚、聚乙基乙烯基醚、聚乙烯基甲基酮等)、聚缩醛、聚芳酯、和共聚物(例如聚乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-共-丙烯酸、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-共-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚月桂内酰胺-嵌段-聚四氢呋喃等)和聚乳酸类聚合物。
在本发明的各种实施方案中有用的是具有增强的可逆热性能的多组分纤维,如在U.S.专利No.6,855,422中所述,该文献由此全文引入作为参考。这些多组分纤维包含温度调节材料,通常相变材料具有吸收或释放热能的能力以降低或消除热流。通常,相变材料可包括任何物质或物质的混合物,该物质具有吸收或释放热能以在温度稳定范围或在温度稳定范围中降低或消除热流的能力。温度稳定范围可包括特定的转变温度或转变温度的范围。当相变材料吸收或释放热量时,典型地当相变材料在两个状态,例如液态和固态、液态和气态、固态和气态、或两个固态之间经历转变时的时间期间,与本发明的各种实施方案结合使用的相变材料优选能够抑制热能的流动。此作用典型地是瞬时的,和发生直到在加热或冷却过程期间吸收或释放相变材料的潜热。可以从相变材料贮存或脱除热量,和相变材料典型地可以有效地由热或冷源再充装。通过选择适当的相变材料,可以设计多组分纤维用于许多产品的任何一种。
本发明也任选地包括粘合剂。优选的粘合剂包括但不限于乙基乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物如AirFlex 124(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania),该共聚物在约10%固体的水平下施加,引入约0.75wt%Aerosol OT(Cytec Industries,West Paterson,New Jersey),它是阴离子表面活性剂。也可以使用其它类别的乳液聚合物粘合剂如苯乙烯-丁二烯和丙烯酸类粘合剂。也可以使用含有乳液中分散的遮光剂和增白剂,例如二氧化钛的粘合剂AirFlex 124和192(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania)。其它优选的粘合剂包括但不限于Celanese Emulsions(Bridgewater,NJ)Elite 22和Elite 33。在特定的实施方案中,其中粘合剂用于本发明的非织造材料,粘合剂的施加量为约0-约20wt%,优选约0-约15wt%,更优选约0-约8wt%,基于非织造材料的总重量。
本发明的材料出还可包括另外的添加剂,该添加剂包括但不限于超白添加剂、着色剂、不透明性增强剂、消光剂和增白剂,和其它添加剂,以增加光学美观,如在2003年12月23日提交的U.S.专利申请系列No.10/707,598中所公开,该文献由此全文引入作为参考。
在本发明的一个特定实施方案中,多层非织造材料包含约45-约95wt%基体纤维和约5-约55wt%双组分纤维,该基体纤维包括纤维素纤维、合成纤维或其混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,非织造材料包含约0-约40wt%基体纤维和约60-约100wt%双组分纤维,该基体纤维包括纤维素纤维、合成纤维或其混合物。在另一个实施方案中,非织造材料含有至少一个内层,该内层具有约60-约100wt%双组分纤维,优选约70-约100wt%,更优选约70-约95%,和更优选75-95%双组分纤维,基于内层的总重量。在另一个实施方案中,非织造材料含有至少一个具有约80-约90wt%双组分纤维的内层。和在另一个实施方案中,至少一个内层含有约90-约100wt%双组分纤维。
生产高强度、高伸长率材料的方法
在本发明实施中有用的各种材料、结构和制造方法公开于U.S.专利No.6,241,713;6,353,148;6,353,148;6,171,441;6,159,335;5,695,486;6,344,109;5,068,079;5,269,049;5,693,162;5,922,163;6,007,653;6,420,626,6,355,079,6,403,857,6,479,415,6,495,734,6,562,742,6,562,743,6,559,081;和公开于具有如下系列号和提交日期的U.S.专利申请:09/719,338,提交日2001年1月17日;09/774,248,提交日2001年1月30日;和09/854,179,提交日2001年5月11日,所有文献由此全文引入作为参考。
各种方法可用于组装用于本发明实施的材料以生产本发明的高强度材料,包括但不限于传统的湿式铺置法和干式成形法如气流铺置和梳理或其它成形技术如spunlace或airlace。优选地,高强度材料可以由气流铺置法制备。气流铺置法包括使用一个或多个成形头以在制造过程中采用选择的顺序沉积不同组成的原材料以生产具有不同层的产品。这使得可以生产的产品种类有极大的多样性。
用于生产本发明的非织造材料的方法和设备是现有技术中已知的和包括U.S.专利No.4,335,066;4,732,552;4,375,448;4,366,111;4,375,447;4,640,810;206,632;2,543,870;2,588,533;5,234,550;4,351,793;4,264,289;4,666,390;4,582,666;5,076,774;874,418;5,566,611;6,284,145;6,363,580;6,726,461,所有文献由此全文引入作为参考,和其中优选6,726,461和4,640,810。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,采用1-6个成形头形成结构以生产具有多个层的材料。成形头根据具体的目标材料设定,添加基体纤维到生产线。加入每个成形头的基体纤维依赖于目标材料而变化,其中基体纤维可以是纤维素纤维、合成纤维、或纤维素纤维和合成纤维的组合。在一个实施方案中,用于内层的成形头生产包括约60-约100wt%双组分纤维的层。在另一个实施方案中,用于外层的成形头包括纤维素、合成纤维或其组合。含有100%双组分纤维的成形头的数目越高,外层中必需的合成材料越少。成形头形成多层网,它由压实辊压实。然后将网在大约130℃-200℃的温度下固化,在大约10米每分钟到大约500米每分钟的机器速度下卷绕和收集。
在本发明实施中有用的双组分纤维和多组分纤维的各种制造方法,和这些纤维用添加剂的处理公开于U.S.专利No.4,394,485,4,684,576,4,950,541,5,045,401,5,082,899,5,126,199,5,185,199,5,705,565,6,855,422,6,811,871,6,811,716,6,811,873,6.838,402,6,783,854,6,773,810,6,846,561,6,841,245,6,838,402,和6,811,873,所有文献由此全文引入作为参考。将成分混合、熔融、冷却、和再破碎。然后将最终碎片引入纤维纺丝工艺以制备所需的双组分纤维。用于工艺的成形速率或温度类似于本领域已知的那些,例如类似于U.S.专利No.4,950,541,其中将马来酸或马来酸类化合物结合双组分纤维中,和该文献在此引入作为参考。
在本发明的一个方面,高强度非织造材料可以用作各种吸收结构的组分,包括但不限于擦拭物、尿布、妇女卫生材料、大小便失禁用具、外科帷帘和相关材料,以及拖把。
实施例
参考如下实施例将更好地理解本发明,提供该实施例作为本发明的例示,和不是以限制的方式。
用于以下各种实施例的气流铺置中试生产线是具有双转鼓成形器和对它们之上的空气开放的成形头的Dan-Web设计和制造,或中试生产线是M&J设计。用于以下各种实施例的制造的商业生产线是U.S.专利No.6,726,461中公开的改进的Dan-Web型,其中成形头接近它们之上的空气。在连续操作中,将纤维素纸浆片送入锤磨机用于粉碎成单个化的纤维,然后将它们在受控湿度和温度的气流中空气夹带。然后将双组分纤维在气流到成形头的路途中引入到受控气流中,其中在由成形头将混合物沉积之前将它与纤维素纤维在气流中混合。对于具有非均匀结构的样品,其中从成形头沉积非常高的双组分纤维含量,利用相同的气流系统,但在引入双组分纤维之间在气流中具有很少或没有纤维素纤维。
在商业气流铺置制造工艺中,理想的生产线速度为约100m/min(米每分钟)或更大,更理想地为约200m/min或更大,甚至更理想地为约300m/min或更大,和优选约350m/min或更大。这对于横向机器宽度为约1米或更大的气流铺置造纸机是重要的,对于宽度约2米或更大的机器是更重要的,和对于宽度是约2.5米或更大的机器是特别重要的。
实施例1:用于层状结构的来自中试生产线的均匀对照样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。对照材料在单一层中包含双组分纤维和脱纤维化绒毛浆的均匀共混物。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品1-10中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。
样品1在单程中通过仅采用一个成形头的三头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加14.18gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和40.46gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在MoldowThrough Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。
样品2-10类似于样品1制备,但采用表1和表2中给出的组成。样品1-10的截面示于图3。
表1:中试样品1-5的组成
表2:中试样品6-10的组成
表3总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表3:中试样品1-10的结果总结
使用前面所述的方法测定定量和横向湿拉伸强度(CDW)。
实施例2:来自中试生产线的层状双组分样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。
层状材料由两个或多个层组成,其中一个或多个层由富含双组分纤维含量的层构成,其中双组分纤维含量为60%-100%,最优选水平为100%双组分纤维。其它层由双组分纤维和脱纤维化绒毛浆的更均匀共混物组成,其中双组分纤维含量为0%-60%。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品11-20所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。
样品11在单程中通过采用两个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加7.81gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和40.22gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加9.55gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和没有 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through AirTunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。
样品12-20类似于样品11制备,但采用表4和表5中给出的组成。样品11-20的截面示于图4。
表4:中试样品11-15的组成
表5:中试样品16-20的组成
表6总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表6:中试样品11-20的结果总结
表3和表6中的数据在图1中作图。图1显示相对于均匀共混物,通过在基材中使用100%双组分纤维的层所实现的横向湿(CDW)拉伸强度的增加。
实施例3:用于长双组分纤维结构和对照的来自中试生产线的样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。
对照材料由单层中的双组分纤维和脱纤维化绒毛浆的均匀共混物组成。样品21中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品21在单程中通过仅采用一个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加14.36gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和39.99gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145℃-155的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表7。
样品22中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和12mm纤维长度的Trevira 4178双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品22在单程中通过仅采用一个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加12.75g sm的旦数为2.0dpf和12mm纤维长度的Trevira 4178双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和47.37gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。
样品23和24类似于样品22制备,但采用表8中给出的组成。样品21-24的截面示于图3。
表7:中试样品21的组成
表8:中试样品22-24的组成
表9总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表9:中试样品21-24的结果总结
表9中的数据在图2中作图。图2显示当用于均匀结构时相对于6mm双组分纤维,通过使用12mm双组分纤维所实现的横向湿(CDW)拉伸强度的增加。
实施例4:用于层状结构和长纤维结构的来自商业生产线的样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成商业样品。
使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。使用旦数为1.5dpf和8mm纤维长度的Trevira4234双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。使用旦数为2.0dpf和12mm纤维长度的Trevira 4178双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。所有双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品25-27中所示的结构在Buckeye Technologies商业气流铺置生产线中制备。样品25和26的截面示于图5。样品27的截面示于图6。
样品25在单程中使用五个成形头制备。第一成形头添加3.5gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和18.6gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加10.5gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和9.61gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第三成形头添加1.6gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和3.2gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第四个成形头添加1.6gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和3.2gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第五成形头添加1.2gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和5.0gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网采用1.6gsm的形式为含水乳液的Airflex 192乙基乙烯基乙酸酯粘合剂(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania)固体喷射和在通气烘箱中固化。然后将纤维网再次采用1.0gsm的形式为含水乳液的Airflex 192粘合剂(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania)固体喷射和在第二通气烘箱中固化。两个烘箱在135-195℃之间的温度下。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。组成见表10。
样品26和27类似于样品25制备,但采用表11和12中给出的组成。
表10:商业样品25的组成
表11:商业样品26的组成
表12:商业样品27的组成
实施例4B:用于层状结构和长纤维结构的来自商业生产线的样品在本实施例中,在商业转鼓成形生产线上结合原材料以形成样品。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。使用旦数为1.5dpf和8mm纤维长度的Trevira4234双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。使用旦数为2.0dpf和12mm纤维长度的Trevira 4178双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Invista T255双组分纤维(Salisbury,NC)。所有双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品25B-27B中所示的结构在Buckeye Technologies商业气流铺置生产线中制备。样品25B和26B的截面示于图5。样品27B的截面示于图6。
样品25B在单程中使用五个成形头制备。第一成形头添加3.5gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和18.6gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加10.5gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Invista T255双组分纤维(Salisbury,NC)和9.61gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第三成形头添加1.6gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Invista T255双组分纤维(Salisbury,NC)和3.2gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第四成形头添加1.6gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Invista T255双组分纤维(Salisbury,NC)和3.2gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第五成形头添加1.2gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Invista T255双组分纤维(Salisbury,NC)和5.0gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网采用1.6gsm的形式为含水乳液的Airflex 124乙基乙烯基乙酸酯粘合剂(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania)固体喷射和在通气烘箱中固化。然后将纤维网再次采用1.0gsm的形式为含水乳液的Airflex 124粘合剂(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania)固体喷射和在第二通气烘箱中固化。两个烘箱在135-195℃之间的温度下。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。组成见表10B。
样品26B和27B类似于样品25B制备,但采用表11B和12B中给出的组成。
表10B:商业样品25B的组成
表11B:商业样品26B的组成
表12B:商业样品27B的组成
表13B总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表13B:商业样品25B-27B的结果总结
样品25B与样品26B的比较显示在样品26B的第二层中的8mm切割长度双组分纤维比样品25B的第二层中的6mm切割长度双组分纤维提供更高的CDW强度,结构的其余部分标称相同。
样品27B与样品25B的比较显示第二层中12mm双组分纤维的100%层比样品25B的6mm双组分纤维、绒毛浆共混物层提供显著高的CDW强度,即使样品25B具有总体上更高的双组分纤维水平。
实施例5:用于部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维结构和层状结构的来自中试生产线的样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。
样品28中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度和含有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T265双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有由聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。也使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品28在单程中通过采用三个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加7.79gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和20.84gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加12.47gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且具有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T265双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加7.79gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和20.84gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在MoldowThrough Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表14。
样品29和30类似于样品28制备,但采用表15和表16中给出的组成。样品28的截面示于图6。样品29的截面示于图5,和样品30的截面示于图3。
表14:中试样品28的组成
表15:中试样品29的组成
表16:中试样品30的组成
表17总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表17:中试样品28-30的结果总结
样品31中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为4.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且含有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。也使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品31在单程中通过采用三个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加6.51gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.81gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加10.43g sm的旦数为4.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且具有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加6.51gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.81gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在MoldowThrough Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表18。
样品32和33类似于样品31制备,但采用表19和表20中给出的组成。样品31的截面示于图6,样品32的截面示于图5和样品33的截面示于图3。
表18:中试样品31的组成
表19:中试样品32的组成
表20:中试样品33的组成
表21总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表21:中试样品31-33的结果总结
样品34中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且含有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。也使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品34在单程中通过采用三成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加7.31gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.30gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加11.71gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且具有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加7.31gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.30gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow ThroughAir Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表22。
样品35和36类似于样品34制备,但采用表23和表24中给出的组成。样品34的截面示于图6,样品35的截面示于图5和样品36的截面示于图3。
表22:中试样品34的组成
表23:中试样品35的组成
表24:中试样品36的组成
表25总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表25:中试样品34-36的结果总结
样品37中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品37在单程中通过采用三成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加9.06gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和15.58gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加14.48gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加9.06gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和15.58gsm的纸浆(BuckeyeTechnologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表26。
样品38和39类似于样品37制备,但采用表27和表28中给出的组成。样品37的截面示于图6,样品38的截面示于图5和样品39的截面示于图3。
表26:中试样品37的组成
表27:中试样品38的组成
表28:中试样品39的组成
表29总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表29:中试样品37-39的结果总结
样品40中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且含有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有由聚酯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。也使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品40在单程中通过采用三个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加4.99gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和18.32gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加7.99gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且具有部分拉伸的芯的Treyira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加4.99gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和18.32gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在MoldowThrough Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表30。
样品41和42类似于样品40制备,但采用表31和表32中给出的组成。样品40的截面示于图6,样品41的截面示于图5和样品42的截面示于图5。
表30:中试样品40的组成
表31:中试样品41的组成
表32:中试样品42的组成
表33总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表33:中试样品40-42的结果总结
样品43中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有聚酯芯和聚乙烯鞘。
样品43在单程中通过采用三成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加5.38gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira 1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.96gsm的 纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。第二成形头添加8.61gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。第三成形头添加5.38gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度的Trevira1661双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和19.96gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表34。
样品44和45类似于样品43制备,但采用表35和表36中给出的组成。样品32的截面示于图6,样品44的截面示于图5和样品45的截面示于图5。
表34:中试样品43的组成
表35:中试样品44的组成
表36:中试样品45的组成
表37总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表37:中试样品43-45的结果总结
所有以下比较考虑双组分纤维、纸浆和定量变化的的各种水平。使用商业Trevira 1661双组分纤维的样品37、38和39对于使用部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维的样品28-36的比较显示,使用部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维提供更高的湿伸长率和更高的湿拉伸强度,甚至当芯聚合物和旦数变化时。样品43-45对于样品40-42的比较显示,部分拉伸的PET芯双组分纤维比相同旦数和切割长度的商业Trevira 1661双组分纤维提供更高的强度和伸长率。样品43、44和45彼此的比较显示,在中间层中将商业Trevira 1661双组分纤维的百分比从60%增加到80%和最终到100%增加湿拉伸强度,但对湿伸长率具有最小的影响。在2.0dpf和6mm切割长度100%Trevira 1661的水平得到最高的湿拉伸强度。样品41、42和43彼此的比较显示,在中间层中将部分拉伸的聚酯芯2.0dpf×6mm切割长度双组分纤维的百分比从60%增加到80%增加湿拉伸强度和湿伸长率两者。在中间层中将部分拉伸的聚酯芯2.0dpf×6mm切割长度双组分纤维的水平从80%进一步增加到100%不增加湿伸长率或湿拉伸强度。
实施例6:用于更高伸长率和更低刚度结构的采用粘合剂的来自中试生产线的样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。
样品46中所示的结构在M&J中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为1.7dpf和4mm纤维长度的Fiber Visions(Varde,丹麦)AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维。此双组分纤维含有由聚丙烯制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品46在单程中通过采用一个成形头的气流铺置中试生产线制备。成形头添加11.81gsm的旦数为1.7dpf和4mm纤维长度的FiberVisions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维(Varde,丹麦)和44.25gsm的Weyerhaeuser NB416绒毛浆(Federal Way,WA)的混合物。立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后向此压实的纤维网的顶部侧通过高压喷射系统使用50%水溶液添加1.47gsm干重的Celanese EmulsionsDevelopmental Product 25-442A粘合剂,该粘合剂是设计为赋予非常柔软触感与改进的湿伸长率性能的自交联醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯(VAE)共聚物乳液。在此之后立即将此纤维网在Through Air Tunnel Drier中在大约140-160℃的温度下固化。在此之后立即向纤维网的反面侧加入作为50%水溶液的另外1.48gsm干重的Celanese EmulsionsDevelopmental Product 25-442A粘合剂。在此之后立即将纤维网在Through Air Tunnel Drier中在大约140-160℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。样品46的组成见下表38。
样品47、48、49、50和51类似于样品46制备,但采用分别在表39、表40、表41、表42和表43中给出的组成。样品46-51的截面示于图7。
表38:中试样品46的组成
表39:中试样品47的组成
表40:中试样品48的组成
48 | ||
(gsm) | ||
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Developmental Product 25-442A | 4.42 |
单层 | Weyerhaeuser NB416绒毛浆 | 38.36 |
Fiber Visions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维 | 11.80 | |
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Developmental Product 25-442A | 4.42 |
总BW | 59.00 |
表41:中试样品49的组成
49 | ||
(gsm) | ||
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 1.52 |
单层 | Weyerhaeuser NB416绒毛浆 | 45.76 |
Fiber Visions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维 | 12.20 | |
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 1.52 |
总BW | 61.00 |
表42:中试样品50的组成
50 | ||
(gsm) | ||
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 3.00 |
单层 | Weyerhaeuser NB416绒毛浆 | 42.00 |
Fiber Visions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维 | 12.00 | |
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 3.00 |
总BW | 60.00 |
表43:中试样品51的组成
51 | ||
(gsm) | ||
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 4.50 |
单层 | Weyerhaeuser NB416绒毛浆 | 39.00 |
Fiber Visions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维 | 12.00 | |
粘合剂 | Celanese Emulsions Elite 33 | 4.50 |
总BW | 60.00 |
表44总结引入Celanese Emulsions Developmental Product25-442A粘合剂的所有中试样品的性能结果。
表44:中试样品46-48的结果总结
表45总结引入Celanese Emulsions Elite 33粘合剂的所有中试样品的性能结果。
表45:中试样品49-51的结果总结
所有以下比较考虑粘合剂、纸浆和定量变化的的各种水平。使用Celanese Emulsions Developmental Product 25-442A粘合剂的样品46、47和48的比较显示,它们在相同的加上水平下提供至多33%的更大横向湿伸长率,同时也在给定设计和组成的气流铺置基材中降低横向刚度至多33%,相对于Celanese Elite 33粘合剂。当加上水平是10%或更高时,Celanese Emulsion Developmental Product 25-442A粘合剂得到相对于Celanese Elite 33粘合剂的降低的横向湿拉伸强度,但当粘合剂加上水平是5%时具有可忽略的影响。
实施例7:用于部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维结构的来自中试生产线的样品
在本实施例中,结合原材料以形成中试样品。
样品52中所示的结构在Dan-Web中试规模气流铺置制造单元上制备。使用旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且含有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)。此双组分纤维含有由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的芯和由聚乙烯制成的鞘。
样品52在单程中通过采用一个成形头的三成形头气流铺置中试生产线制备。第一成形头添加59gsm的旦数为2.0dpf和6mm纤维长度且具有部分拉伸的芯的Trevira T255双组分纤维(Bobingen,德国)和0gsm的纸浆(Buckeye Technologies Inc.,Memphis,TN)的混合物。在此之后立即通过压实辊压实纤维网。然后将纤维网在Moldow Through Air Tunnel Drier(Moldow Systems AS,Vaerloese,丹麦)中在145-155℃的温度下固化。在此之后卷绕和收集纤维网。机器速度是10-20米/分钟。组成见下表46。样品53、54、55、56和57类似于样品52制备,但采用分别在表47、表48、表49、表50和表51中给出的组成。样品52的截面示于图9。样品53-57的截面示于图3。
表46:中试样品52的组成
表47:中试样品53的组成
表48:中试样品54的组成
表49:中试样品55的组成
表50:中试样品56的组成
表51:中试样品57的组成
表52总结所有中试样品的性能结果。
表52:中试样品52-57的结果总结
表52中的结果覆盖宽范围的定量和卡尺值,它们可使CDW拉伸强度结果更难以相对于彼此进行解释。为了有利于这些结果的解释,可以将它们归一化为标准值,该标准值设定为定量60.0gsm和卡尺值1.00mm。本领域已知增加纤维网的定量会引起CDW拉伸强度增加。因此,相对于60g sm设定点,对于定量的CDW拉伸强度的归一化通过如下方式完成:将测量的CDW拉伸强度乘以60gsm和除以测量的定量。这通过如下方式补偿更高的定量:如果定量超过60gsm则降低CDW拉伸强度和如果定量低于60gsm则增加CDW拉伸强度。也在本领域已知降低纤维网的卡尺值会增加CDW拉伸强度。因此,相对于1.00mm设定点,对于卡尺值的CDW拉伸强度的归一化通过如下方式完成:将测量的CDW拉伸强度乘以卡尺值。这通过如下方式补偿更高的卡尺值:如果卡尺值超过1.00mm则增加CDW拉伸强度和如果卡尺值低于1.00mm则降低CDW拉伸强度。归一化的CDW拉伸强度(CDW-N)可以由CDW拉伸强度的归一化公式表达为如下公式所给出的:
MxCx60gsm/BW=N
其中“M”是以g/cm测量的横向湿(CDW)拉伸强度;
其中“C”是以mm测量的卡尺值;
其中“BW”是以gsm测量的定量;和
其中“N”是以g/cm计的归一化横向湿(CDW)拉伸强度。
因此,表52中CDW拉伸强度的结果可以通过使用CDW拉伸强度的归一化公式归一化以得到表53中出现的归一化结果。
表53总结所有中试样品的归一化性能结果。
表53:中试样品52-57的归一化结果总结
所有以下的比较考虑对于CDW%伸长率结果和CDW拉伸强度的归一化结果,粘合剂、纸浆、定量和卡尺值变化的各种水平。它们基于样品52、53、54、55、56和57的比较,如在表52和表53中给出和示于图10,所有样品在表53中给出的水平下包含Trevira T2552.0dpf部分拉伸的芯双组分纤维。样品52、53、54、55、56和57的比较显示,当双组分纤维的百分比增加时,CDW%伸长率也增加直到它在约90%双组分纤维含量的水平下出现稳定水平。当双组分纤维含量在90%到100%之间增加时,CDW%伸长率增加最小。如在表53中给出的归一化CDW拉伸强度的比较显示,当双组分纤维的百分比增加时,CDW拉伸强度也增加直到双组分纤维水平是约90%-96%。当双组分纤维水平进一步从约96%增加到100%时,CDW拉伸强度显著降低。
结果总结
表54提供实施例1-7中获得的数据的总体概括。在表54的第一栏中,“#”表示本申请中的实施例号。在表54的第二栏中,“Smp”表示实施例中的样品号。在第三栏中,“Lyrs”表示样品中的层数目。在第三栏中,1+Ltx表示一层加胶乳的加入。在第三栏中,5+Ltx表示五层加胶乳的加入。
在表54的第四栏中,组成-总BW(gsm)表示组合物以克每平方米计的总定量。在第五栏中,组成-绒毛浆BW(gsm)表示结构的绒毛浆部分以克每平方米计的定量。在第六栏中,组成绒毛浆Wt(%)表示结构的总体组成中绒毛浆的重量百分比。
表54的第七栏中,组成双组分纤维BW(gsm)表示结构的双组分纤维部分以克每平方米计的定量。在第八栏中,组成双组分纤维Wt%表示结构的总体组成中双组分纤维的重量百分比。在表54的第九栏中,组成双组分纤维类型表示由制造商使用的双组分纤维的类型和类型。在表54的第九栏中,T-1661表示Trevira型1661双组分纤维。
表54:结果总结
在表54的第九栏中,I-255表示Invista型255双组分纤维。在表54的第九栏中,T-4178表示Trevira型4178双组分纤维。在的第九栏中,T-255P表示Trevira型255P双组分纤维。在表54的第九栏中,F-ALC表示ES Fiber Visions AL-Adhesion-C双组分纤维。在第九栏中,T-4234表示Trevira型4234双组分纤维。
在表54的第十栏中,组成双组分纤维长度(mm)表示以毫米计的双组分纤维长度。在第十栏中,组成粘合剂BW(gsm)表示结构的粘合剂部分以克每平方米计的定量。在第十二栏中,组成粘合剂Wt%表示结构的总体组成中粘合剂的重量百分比。
在第十三栏中,组成粘合剂类型表示由制造商使用的粘合剂类型和类型。在表54的第十三栏中,A-192表示Air Products Airflex 192粘合剂;A-124表示Air Products Airflex 124粘合剂;25-442A表示Celanese Emulsions Development Product 25-442A粘合剂;Elite33表示Celanese Emulsions Elite 33粘合剂;和n/a表示不适用,在于产品上没有使用粘合剂。
在表54的十四栏中,横向性能湿拉伸(g/cm)表示以克每厘米计的横向湿拉伸强度。在第十五栏中,横向性能湿伸长率(%)表示湿状态下横向的伸长率量。在第十六栏中,横向性能刚度(mm)表示在干燥状态下以毫米计在横向中的角弯曲刚度。在第十七栏中,横向性能湿拉伸归一化值(g/cm)表示使用上述公式计算的以克每厘米计的归一化横向湿拉伸强度。
本发明不限于在此所述的具体实施方案的范围。当然,从以上描述和附图,除在此描述的那些以外的本发明的各种改进对本领域技术人员是显然的。这样的改进意在落入所附权利要求的范围中。
专利、专利申请、公开文献、产品描述和草案在本申请整个内容中引用,它们的公开内容在此对于所有的目的全文引入作为参考。
Claims (18)
1.高强度多层非织造擦拭材料,包括:
(A)45-90wt%基体纤维,该基体纤维选自纤维素纤维、合成纤维、以及纤维素纤维和合成纤维的混合物;
(B)5-55wt%双组分纤维,其中该双组分纤维的长度为3mm-36mm;和
(C)任选地,0-15wt%粘合剂,
其中重量百分比基于所述材料的总重量,和其中所述材料具有
(D)定量为40gsm-100gsm,
(E)密度为0.03-0.15g/cc,和
(F)CDW拉伸强度为约90g/cm或更大,和
其中所述材料包括两个或多个层,并且具有至少一个包括60wt%-100wt%双组分纤维的层,其中任何一个层的组成不同于至少一个相邻层。
2.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是70wt%-100wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
3.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是70wt%-95wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
4.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是75wt%-95wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
5.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是80wt%-90wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
6.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个内层的双组分纤维重量百分比是90wt%-100wt%双组分纤维,基于所述一个内层的总重量。
7.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层和一个外层的双组分纤维重量百分比是70wt%-100wt%双组分纤维,基于所述外层的总重量。
8.权利要求1的材料,其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约6mm或更大。
9.权利要求8的材料,其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约8mm或更大。
10.权利要求9的材料,其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约10mm或更大。
11.权利要求10的材料,其中所述双组分纤维的长度为约12mm或更大。
12.权利要求1的材料,其中所述非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度等于约252g/cm或更大。
13.权利要求1的材料,其中所述非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度等于约394g/cm或更大。
14.权利要求13的材料,其中所述非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度等于约591g/cm或更大。
15.权利要求14的材料,其中所述非织造材料的CDW拉伸强度等于约787g/cm或更大。
16.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料采用气流铺置法生产。
17.权利要求1的材料,其中所述双组分纤维具有部分拉伸的芯。
18.权利要求1的材料,其中所述材料具有两个外层和一个或多个内层,其中所述内层包括双组分纤维和基体纤维。
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CN1207146A (zh) * | 1995-11-13 | 1999-02-03 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 受控滞后的无纺层压制品 |
US5981410A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-11-09 | Fibervisions A/S | Cellulose-binding fibres |
EP1482081A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-01 | Air Products Polymers, L.P. | Nonwoven binders with high wet/dry tensile strength ratio |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103774346A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 昆山市宝立无纺布有限公司 | 双组复合熔喷非织造布 |
Also Published As
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CA2777605A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
JP5519717B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
CN101133199B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
EP1836336B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
US7465684B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
US20060154547A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CN101133199A (zh) | 2008-02-27 |
WO2006073710A3 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
CA2530322C (en) | 2013-04-02 |
JP2012148090A (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
JP2008527190A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
CN102041640A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
JP5020827B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
US20090092809A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
MX2007008253A (es) | 2007-09-14 |
US7919419B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
CA2777605C (en) | 2013-10-01 |
WO2006073710A2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
US20110159265A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US8501647B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
CA2530322A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1836336A2 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
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