CN102026793A - 容器的塑料预成型件及其制造工艺以及所述容器及其用途 - Google Patents
容器的塑料预成型件及其制造工艺以及所述容器及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于容器的吹塑模制的预成型件,所述预成型件包括包括浇注开口(20)的颈部部分(1)、毗邻的壁部部分(2)和底部部分(3)。其由主要区域(A1、A2、A3)中的主要塑料原材料以及至少一个次要区域(B1、B2、B3)中的至少一种次要材料构成,两者具有相互不同的色彩。所述预成型件的特征在于,所述底部部分(3)由多层结构构成,其具有由所述主要塑料材料构成的主要层以及附加次要层(6、7、8、9、10)。附加次要层由所述次要材料构成,两个表面次要层中的一个(6)相应于所述预成型件向外指引而另一个(10)向内指引,并且中间次要层位于它们(7、8、9)之间构成核心层,位于两个所述主要层之间。所述预成型件是一个单一件,从所述主要到所述次要材料的过渡部(Z1、Z2)是无缝且未中断的。本发明还涉及一种所述预成型件的制造方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种预成型件(preform),该预成型件将要吹塑模制(blow moulded)为意在包装产品的容器,所述产品特别是液体的并且/或者是可食用的,例如为饮料,所述预成型件由本体部分、包围浇注管口的适配性颈部部分以及位于其相对端的底部部分构成。
背景技术
随着日益增长的市场需求和相关识别需要的出现,产生了将颜色参数引入到瓶体包装中的越来越多的需要。这种由此产生的需要提供了这样一种可能,生产对应的预成型件,作为用于制造瓶体和其它容器的半成品。
从文献EP 1 559 530 A1中公开了一种用于生产具有不同材料的两种颜色的容器的工艺,其中主要材料和次要材料经过用于两种材料的不同喷注点而喷注。其缺点是,次要材料应用在主要材料的顶部,从而在由主要材料和次要材料制成的预成型件分部(subsections)之间的接触区域中产生了胶结接合部(bonding joints)。这就产生了两种材料之间缺乏同质性(homogeneity)问题,并使得工艺更为复杂。该工艺还限制了次要材料的精确定界区域的设置选项,这种精确定界区域需要次要材料不会扩散(diffused)在主要原材料中。在该文中使用的次要材料通常与基础材料为具有不同的颜色的相同材料,使得形成的预成型件和瓶体分别具有两种不同颜色,但是其具有如下限制。其需要两种分开的且相继进行的喷注步骤,从而尤其是在具体位置和间断处以分离方式进行着色。在该文中所使用的方法将次要塑料材料沉积在预定区域中,该预定区域是在初始的主要预成型件中保持空置的空间,其在该结构中形成相对不够结实的点。因此,不可以在该预成型件的外壁的顶部上引入附加的三维层,这包含了对颜色数量的限制。
此外,文献US 2005/0252879公开了一种用于生产具有透明条带的不透明容器的工艺,该透明条带从容器的顶部延伸到底部,通过这种工艺,既实现了对环境光线的防护,又可以实现对盛放物的可视化。为了进行防护,可视化窗口减少为受限的条带,其功能性宽度应当限制到最小。这就对应用该功能本身的容器在形状、尺寸和放置方面造成了严重的限制。这样的视窗仅仅意在充当容器中所盛放食物的水平指示器。
文献EP 0 835 813 A1公开了一种用于生产具有不同颜色的竖直条带的预成型件的方法,其中连接线位于凹槽中,以便获得整齐的外观。
文献JP 03 076624显示了一种相似的方案,但采用了共同喷注,使得透明条带与瓶体的其余部分连续。然而,该连续部包括接合部,该接合部限制于容器宽度。其缺点是保持了易碎性。
文献US 2002/0058114公开了一种多种颜色的更进一步的预成型件,其也需要多个相继进行的喷注操作。主要塑料材料浇注到用于预成型件第一模具内,该预成型件在颈部区域具有其最终形状,并且在预成型件的下底部部分处具有相当薄的壁部。所产生的临时的预成型件随后保持在核心周围,并且由第二模其替换所述第一模具,该第三模具在直接位于所述第一区域之下的部分上对应于预成型件的最终成型件,从而在预成型件的较低部分处再次具有相当薄的壁部。接着,进行第二次喷注操作。进一步提出,可以将该工艺类似地用于第三种甚至第四种颜色。由此将在较低部分中可见的材料喷注到所有前述薄层的周围。该技术集中于喷注覆盖模制(injection over-moulding)。在该文中以一种颜色制造基本的预成型件,之后在具有次要颜色的第二母模中对其进行转化,甚至在更进一步的用于第三种颜色的第三模具中对其进行转化,依次类推。该方法的缺点是,必须执行至少两个步骤甚至三个或四个处理步骤,并且对于每一个腔必须分别使用两个、三个或四个母模。此外,在该工艺中各种颜色只能够通过各个母模进行设置。这就具有进一步的缺点,使得基本不能提供灵活性,并且使得在构想和生产方面相比共同喷注更为昂贵。最后,其再次在所喷注的不同材料之间提供了间断部分。
文献EP 1 332 861 A1公开了一种用于生产具有中间层的预成型件的方法,该中间层由回收材料制成。该发明公开的方案在底部部分获得了比壁部部分更薄的中间层,从而由于回收材料的使用而不会减弱底部部分。在该文中并未提出着色或识别的可能性。
文献DE 43 30 451 A1公开了一种用于生产具有两种不同材料的连续预成型件的方法,意在实现用于颈部部分的耐高温材料,并且公开了一种用于壁部部分的廉价的喷注可模制材料。不同颜色可实现质量控制或瓶体识别。但是在该文中同样存在由接合部构成的连续部,该接合部限制于容器宽度,这就保持了易碎性。
在WO 97/21539中还公开了一种用于制造具有各种颜色的预成型件或容器的工艺,其连续喷注不同的有色材料,并且在喷注完一种材料之后立即喷注下一种。以确定的数量喷注主要的透明或亮色的有色塑料材料,从而形成颈部区域中的第一部分。之后立即喷注暗色的或者另外的有色的次要材料,并定量加注次要材料使得其注满预成型件的其余部分。随后,将该主要材料喷注到多个管道内,以便将次要材料推离这些管道,并且同时准备随后的预成型件的模制。该方法可以用于多于两种的颜色。在具有两种不同材料的情况下,还可以通过同心阀系统同时进行第二次和第三次喷注操作。在喷注操作的过程中,随着模具的壁部和核心相对变冷,在预成型件的较低部分中,主要材料沉积在两者的表面上。然后次要材料达到这两种沉积物之间,其厚度形成该成型件的较高部分,该厚度小于主要材料的厚度。由于两种材料的粘性和浇注温度的缘故,可以在吹塑为容器之后获得厚度,使得预成型件中较暗的颜色在容器中显现出更为清晰的外表。甚至可以喷注单一的材料,并且在喷注操作的选定部分的过程中将所选择的有色颜料直接添加到喷注点,从而在预成型件的选定高度处获得需要的颜色。然而,通过该方法所生产的容器在两种颜色的边界处具有不规则的形状,成为Z字形路线。
最后,在文献US 5 595 799中公开了一种用于利用共同喷注生产预成型件的工艺,其包含两种不同的有色PET材料。获得了在不同位置处具有各种颜色的预成型件。所提出的主要实施方案分别包含具有暗色的下半部以及亮色的或浅色的顶半部的预成型件,或者具有相反的下半部和上半部的预成型件,或者以暗/亮/暗连续设置的有色预成型件。该工艺还提供了识别的某些可能性,但是仍然限制于单个层,并且限制于沿着壁部部分的每一种颜色的固定且清晰的区域。同样,该连续部包括接合部,该接合部限制于容器宽度。这就保持了易碎性。该文献还公开了利用两种颜色的共同喷注工艺,但仍然未能在预成型件及其瓶体上进行一致分布的着色。相反,棕色瓶体沿着水平平面甚至显示了相当大的颜色变化,并且在各颜色之间存在波动的Z字形路线,而在各颜色之间并不存在干净笔直的分割线。而且,只有单一的颜色出现在瓶体的喷注点处。在该文献中再次显示了只存在单个层的产品。另外,只是提出了上述工艺,而并没有提到特别的颜色效果,特别是对于瓶体来说,更不可能进行调节。
因此,从上文可知,上述已知的无论是容器还是制造方法都不能令人满意。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明旨在通过提出令人满意的方案来解决至少一个前文提到的缺点。因此,本发明提出了一种容器,所述容器具有特殊的颜色效果,特别是该容器中的一种或多种颜色的特殊的漫射(diffusion)效果,其中着色的位置既不存在功能性的限制,也不存在缝合线或任何其它的结构上的不均匀性,而是相反,其具有高质量的连续性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于上述类型的容器的预成型件,其能够以相对简单和廉价的方式获得。
发明概要
该问题通过用于容器的吹塑模制的预成型件而解决,所述预成型件包括颈部部分、毗邻的壁部部分以及底部部分,所述颈部部分包括浇注管口,所述底部部分与所述颈部部分相对并且意在形成所生产容器的支撑基座,其中所述预成型件由主要塑料原材料和至少一种次要材料构成,所述主要塑料原材料设置在主要区域中,所述至少一种次要材料设置在至少一个次要区中,所述主要材料和次要材料呈现相互不同的色彩,并且从所述主要材料到所述次要材料的过渡部是无缝的,所述预成型件由一个单一件构成。值得注意的是,所述底部部分中的至少一个实体部分由多层结构构成,所述多层结构具有主要层和附加的次要层,所述主要层由所述主要塑料材料构成,所述附加的次要层由所述至少一种次要材料构成,两个表面次要层中的一个相应于所述预成型件向外指引,两个表面次要层中的另一个向内指引,并且中间次要层位于它们之间,其构成核心层,其位于两个所述主要层之间。
由于这种多层结构,所述主要区域和次要区域之间的过渡部不仅由于两种材料同时凝固而连续,而且所述过渡部沿着所述层延伸。由此产生的焊接接合部远远长于现有技术中提出的方案所获得的焊接接合部。所述接合部由于两种材料同时接触地固化而同样连续的同时,只是基本沿着所述预成型件的厚度延伸,并且随后在所述容器的厚度上延伸,这构成了最多为数个十分之一毫米的接合部。对于本发明,所述焊接接合部延伸数个毫米,甚至延伸数个厘米。然而分别在已知的预成型件和容器中,接合部在其作为接缝的表面上是可见的,在本发明中,任何接合部只位于内部,作为其内部结构的一部分,使得其保持不可见。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,分区域中的至少一个是不透明的,并且/或者可以是半透明的,但不可以是透明的,其中至少所述不透明区域和半透明区域分别是有色的。
根据本发明的又一优选实施方案,所述次要不透明区域和半透明区域分别限制于所述预成型件的底部部分。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案,至少所述主要区域是透明的并且/或者是无色的。在由这样的预成型件吹塑模制的容器中实现的漫射效果相当令人惊异。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,所述不透明的分区域至少部分地流动进入彼此。所述区域可以具有相互形成强烈反差的色彩。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,一些区域之间的过渡部由分隔线构成。
根据本发明的又一优选实施方案,所述区域由过渡区域而分隔,与所述区域相比,该过渡区域的反差极为微弱。此外,所述过渡区域可以有利地具有基本恒定的宽度。该重叠区域产生了延伸的色彩效果,显示了仅由两个工作染料建立的三个部件。此外,所述区域的色彩可以是基本一致的。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案,所述附加层中的至少一个由塑料的混合物构成,作为具有着色染料的所述次要材料。有利地,所述混合物包括用于附加次要层的至少两个的相同染料。因此,这就进一步增强了单独选择的颜色。
根据本发明的尤其值得注意的实施方案,在所述附加次要层中的至少一个中,所述彩色染料由荧光材料构成。所述染料还可以由磷光材料构成,甚至由冷光染料构成,每一个都产生特殊的颜色效果。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,至少一个次要材料与所述主要塑料材料是相同的。
根据本发明的最佳实施方案,所述附加内部层和外部层分别基本延伸到底部的边界,该边界位于所述预成型件壁部的弯曲部处。这就提供了一个最好的折衷方案,从而在一方面实现了需要的特殊颜色效果,这种颜色效果仅利用有色的底部而得以实现,并且在另一方面,保持了正常的可成型性条件。实际上,诸如颜料的染色物质会不利地影响可成型性,这是因为吹塑模制之后在双轴上的拉伸与升高的颜料负载相反。在喷注模制中,大量颜料是个缺点,因为这降低了可以在拉伸和吹塑装置中处理预成型件的便利性,该拉伸和吹塑装置将预成型件转变为最终容器。然后,将预成型件拉伸和吹塑为具有要求属性的瓶体将更为困难。相比而言,具有较少的添加颜料的预成型件在熔融状态下具有较高的强度,因此其更易于在常规的拉伸和吹塑模制机械中进行加工。其直接结果是,通过减少颜料量可以制造具有更轻重量的容器。
根据本发明的又一个实施方案,所述附加内部层和外部层分别正好在由壁部弯曲部所确定的底部的边缘之上延伸。其自由的顶端可以基本在水平平面中伸展,该水平平面平行于所述壁部弯曲部,即,垂直于预成型件轴线而延伸。所述核心层可以从底部向上延伸到至少分别与所述内部层和外部层相同的程度。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案,所述核心层从所述底部延伸到分别位于所述内部层和外部层之上一定距离δ的高度处。这就使所实现的所述过渡区域大约超过距离δ,同时将染料负载保持在维持足够低而不会危及所述可成型性的水平。所述距离δ确定了存在核心层而不存在所述两个外部和内部次要层的区域。在此区域中,外表将既不是只有主要区域,也不是只有次要区域,而是形成过渡区域的中间外表。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,所述核心层具有明确的厚度。有利地,其可以至少在局部上构成底部厚度的一半。这可以有效地产生这样的选择,通过只在底部区域中添加染色材料而实现增强的颜色效果,同时可以保持同样远离预成型件的壁部,从而保持原始的可成型性。
例如在本发明的另一特定实施方案中,本发明可以通过不同种类的预成型件而实现,其中所述预成型件的壁部部分具有多层结构,特别是具有包括基座壁部层的三层结构,中间壁部层包含于所述基座壁部层中,其由第三种塑料材料制成,从而作为诸如气体屏障的屏障层。优选地,所述屏障层为所述核心层的延续部分,更优选地,延伸到所述颈部部分。
本发明还提供了一种用于容器的预成型件,该容器意在在其中盛放对辐射敏感的产品,尤其是对光线敏感的食物和乳制品,其具体在于,所述预成型件基本在其整个范围上是不透明的,其中百分比相对较低的塑料添加剂被结合以产生所述不透明的外观,以便保护由其限定边界的其内部空间免受外部辐射,特别是电磁辐射,更特别的是光线,从而形成所谓的光线屏障。
根据本发明的另一个有利实施方案,所述材料中的至少一种包括一定量的添加剂,所述添加剂对于反应物具有中和作用,该反应物对于将要盛放于容器中的产品具有不良作用,其中在预成型件的壁部中分别形成主动和被动的屏障。所述添加剂可以包含PET添加剂。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,所述主要塑料材料包含PET,而所述第三种材料可以包含具有前述添加剂的回收物,特别是PET,以及/或者其混合物。
根据本发明的另一个具体实施方案,所述中间层中的至少一个包含流体,更具体地,包含液体。其可以进一步包含所谓的聚合物生物聚集体(polymers bio-aggregate),其由在聚合物中工作的细胞和/或细胞产品构成。
根据本发明的又一个实施方案,所述中间层的中间表面在向外指引向着预成型件的外表面时指的是其壁部部分的中间表面。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,所述预成型件包括浇注管口,所述颈部具有外部延伸的环形突出部,所述外部延伸的环形突出部在所述开口管口处形成不漏水的浇注肋,所述肋具有成坡度的表面,所述成坡度的表面在壁部的外部延伸,所述颈部的外部轮廓具有至少一个进一步的环形突出部,所述至少一个进一步的环形突出部形成不漏水的第二肋,从而所述不漏水的第一肋和所述不漏水的第二肋形成环状凹槽的边缘。这就促进了规则和清洁的浇注,而由于腔的设置以及其毛细作用,就不会在容器壁部上遗留浇注液体的痕迹。
本发明还涉及这种容器的用途,其值得高度注意的是,其充满光散射媒介,特别是具有较高漫射能力的液体媒介,特别是水。由于这种操作条件,在容器充满时,几乎在整个容器上,特别是在自由媒介液面处(具体是在容器中的液面处)散射出相当有限的色彩,即使在整个色彩被减少到预成型件的底部时也是如此。根据对于部分地充满水的容器的观察位置或观察角度,其看起来似乎是有色液体。
当将这种容器放置在人工光线下时,特别是放置在UV辐射下时,能够实现引人入胜的光线漫射效果。
因而,根据本发明可以产生极其令人惊奇的可视化效果,这为容器,特别是为意在盛放如水的透明液体的容器的迅速识别提供了巨大的可能性。后面这种极好的效果产生了独特的气氛,在流行场所有利地利用这种气氛可以吸引注意力。
本发明还涉及一种用于预成型件的喷注模制的方法,该预成型件意在被吹塑模制为容器,该预成型件具有颈部部分、毗邻的壁部部分和底部部分,所述颈部部分包括浇注管口,所述方法包括如下步骤:首先喷注次要材料,在所述预成型件的底部部分中,所述次要材料在外部层中的模具的冷却表面上固化并且在内部层中的核心的冷却表面上固化;接着喷注主要材料,所述主要材料流动到所述壁部部分和所述颈部部分,基本构成所述壁部部分和颈部部分的整个体积以及所述底部部分中的两层,并与已经固化的所述次要材料接触;并且最后喷注次要材料,充满所述底部部分的剩余体积,从而构成所述底部部分中的核心层。因此,所述首先喷注的次要材料分别固化在所述模具和所述核心的底部部分的冷却表面上,形成所述内部层和外部层。设置所述表面的温度,以便获得所述层的恰当厚度和长度。之后,立即喷注主要材料将在所述次要材料还没有固化时使所述主要材料与所述次要材料接触。因此,两种材料的固化同时发生,同时这两种材料在所述内部层和外部层的整个长度上接触。这保证了两种材料之间具有高质量的接合部。一旦再次喷注所述次要材料,所述主要材料的自由表面仍然为液体,并且发生同样类型的接合部的固化,再次保证了两种材料之间具有高质量的接合部。因而,所述主要材料牢固地嵌入所述次要材料中,形成所述预成型件底部的主要部分,从而允许随后将预成型件拉伸吹塑模制为容器,而不会存在在两种材料之间出现剥离(brakage)的特定风险。
在根据本发明的方法的优选实施方案中,轻微地减少主要材料的数量,并且增加在最后步骤中喷注的所述次要材料的数量,使得所述核心层进一步在所述壁部部分中延伸超过两个其它的次要层。
在根据本发明的方法的另一个实施方案中,在喷注所述主要材料的最后阶段之前喷注第三种材料,使得所述第三种材料构成所述壁部部分中的核心层。从而可以通过本发明生产在壁部部分中具有三层结构的预成型件,在最后阶段之前喷注所述中间层。所述模具和核心的温度必须适配,使得主要材料在受控制的厚度上沿着所述模具和核心固化,以便为用于形成所述中间层的所述第三种材料留出可用空间。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,将预定数量的主要合成材料喷注在中空的模具空间中,并且在形成核心之前,在所述中空的模具空间中,将预定数量的次要材料和第三种材料分别喷注在已喷注的主要合成材料中,其中次要材料和第三种材料分别使用不同于所述主要材料的材料,其中在所述中空模具空间中的所述喷注是与所述主要材料的一部分一起进行的并行的喷注,并且其中,当在所述中空的模具空间的喷注孔隙的区域中进行并行喷注时,所述次要材料和第三种材料分别从所述预成型件向外喷注,并且所述主要材料与其相对地向内喷注。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,喷注的所述材料中的至少一种结合有活性材料(living material),并且由包括如下步骤的方法而生产:选择聚合物,从细胞、活性有机体(living organisms)和/或细胞产品之中选择一组有机体,并且通过使所述细胞和/或细胞产品在所述聚合物中工作而形成聚集体,进而形成所谓的聚合物生物聚集体,其中在取自所选温度间隔的工作温度范围内进行工作。
本发明的进一步的特性和特征将在进一步的从属权利要求中进行限定。
下面,利用借助于所附附图所显示的本发明的一些示例性实施方案,在说明书中展开进一步的细节,在这些附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的或相似的元件。
附图说明
图1和2分别是根据本发明的预成型件的第一和第二实施方案的侧视图。
图3和4分别是根据图1和2中所显示的本发明的预成型件的所述第一和第二实施方案的中间横截面的概略性的图示。
图5是根据本发明的预成型件的第三实施方案的中间横截面的概略性的图示。
图6分别是根据本发明的预成型件的组合的第四和第五实施方案的混合的侧视图。
图7和8显示了根据图3和4中分别显示的本发明的预成型件的一部分的放大的详细视图。
图9和10显示了图1中显示的预成型件的相似的详细视图,只是这些视图是根据本发明的预成型件的第六和第七实施方案的。
图11和12分别是根据本发明的容器的第一和第二实施方案的侧视图,所述容器具体地分别由图1和2中所提出的预成型件而生产。
图13和14分别是图11和12中显示的容器的所述第一和第二实施方案的功能性操作的示意性图示。
图15是根据本发明的图12中显示的容器的第二实施方案的具体象征性的动态图示。
图16是出于特殊观察角度下的根据本发明的预成型件的所述第一实施方案的所述功能性效果的相似的图示。
图17和18分别是根据本发明的容器的所述第五和第八实施方案的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明大体上涉及由塑料材料制成的预成型件,所述预成型件由颈部部分1、壁部部分2和底部部分3构成,颈部部分1包括浇注管口20,壁部部分2形成意在吹塑模制为容器的预成型件的实际的本体部分。颈部部分1在一侧上围绕浇注开口20,并且在另一侧上在颈部圈21中展开到所述壁部2。在底部3中提供了喷注点4,所述塑料材料经过喷注点4而喷注到未表示的喷注模制的母模内,以形成预成型件。
图1显示了沿着纵向轴线l延伸并具有有色底部3的预成型件11。在该实施方案中,底部部分3和壁部部分2之间的过渡部由分割线Z1清楚地限定边界。该线位于弯曲区域5处,在此处,底部3展开到预成型件的笔直的壁部2。底部区域3显示了基本一致的着色B1。相比而言,预成型件11的剩余部分A1并未进行着色,特别地,该剩余部分A1是透明的。
图2显示了预成型件12的变型,其中着色的底部部分3和未着色的壁部2之间的过渡区域Z2从基本已着色的区域3渐进到未着色的区域2。该过渡区域Z2延伸超过某一高度,例如该高度为基本与底部区域3的高度相同至它的一半。
图3显示了图1中显示的预成型件11的内部结构。在此情况下,颈部1和壁部2均呈现单层结构,同时底部3呈现多层结构。
所述单层结构由主要塑料材料构成。在底部3中包括由次要材料制成的至少一个附加层6、7、10,图中显示为三个。这些附加层6、7、10可以相互达到不同的水平。在图3中的实例中,内部层10达到的高度低于两个其它附加层6和7的高度,这两个附加层延伸到基本相同的高度上,大约抵达所述弯曲部5。
这些附加层6、7、10均是有色的,并且包含染料或者颜料。因此,通过选择相同的颜色,对于所选择的颜色,在图1中显示的颜色效果可以得到增强。例如,通过将所述颜色与所述主要塑料材料混合,从而实现附加层6、7、10。
图4显示了图2中显示的预成型件12的内部结构。在该变型中,附加层6、8、10之间的尺寸差更为明显,这就产生了所述过渡区域Z2。这通过使附加中间层8在预成型件的壁部2中延伸附加距离δ而实现。
图5显示了预成型件13的另一个变型的内部结构。内部层6和外部层8较大地延伸进入所述壁部部分内,因而显示的预成型件例如在所述预成型件的高度的一半上具有次要区域。核心层8进一步延伸超过内部层和外部层,但是也能够延伸到与所述内部层和外部层同样的高度。
在图7和8中分别以放大的细节显示了在底部部分3中的这些尺寸差。图9和10显示了预成型件14和15的两个另外的有利实施方案的底部部分的细节,其中附加中间层9显示了特别明显的厚度ε。有利地,所构成的所述厚度ε大于所述底部部分的总体厚度的一半。而且,所述附加中间层7、8、9呈现沿着喷注点4连续延伸而没有中断的轮廓。因此,上文提出的预成型件均显示了其底部部分3的多层结构,在其中的底部部分3在五层的范围内。
在上文提出的所有上述实施方案中,焊接接合部的宽度分别显著大于预成型件的壁部厚度和容器的壁部厚度。本发明的这一具体特征为所述焊接接合部提供了高得多的强度,并且保证了其在吹塑模制工艺的过程中以及贯穿容器的整个使用寿命中的强度。
至少内部附加层10由所述主要塑料材料和预定量的有色添加剂构成。
在图6所示的另一个变型中,同样在预成型件13的壁部2本身中提供了多层结构。这种多层壁部本质上是意在提供屏障层23。如图6所示,所述屏障层23优选地由所述附加核心层7、8或9的自然延续部形成。中间层23由意在形成所述屏障层的第三种材料构成。由此可以抑制将会经过瓶体的壁部而移动的氧气。如果瓶体意在盛放其品质会在氧气的影响下而氧化、分解、腐败或变质的产品,则应当避免氧气进入该瓶体中。该屏障还意在通过阻止二氧化碳,从而防止二氧化碳从内部经过所述瓶体的壁部而移动。相似地,在例如软饮料或啤酒的情况下,必须避免二氧化碳从瓶体中流失。该屏障层可以是主动屏障或被动屏障:对于被动屏障,构成所述屏障的所述第三种材料对于特定物质是不可渗透的或者是允许少量渗透的,并且防止这些物质穿过所述屏障,这些特定物质例如为O2、CO2等。相反,对于主动屏障,所述第三种材料与特定物质反应,从而在壁部中保持破坏和/或不需要的物质,这就或者防止了这些物质的逃逸,或者防止了这些物质的侵入。
所述主要层同样可以包含对于不需要的气体(特别是氧气)或者其它不良反应物具有中和效果的添加剂,所述气体源自于在容器中盛放的产品的降解,所述不良反应物源于容器,反之亦然。
简而言之,对于氧气或二氧化碳甚至对于UV射线或光线,具有PET的屏障或者包含添加剂的任何其它塑料层可以具有同样的功能,即具有移动阻挡件的功能。
图6在左半图示中显示了具有双重防漏水模制边缘的预成型件31。
所述主要塑料材料优选为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET。所述主要材料还可以是塑料材料,添加剂被添加到该塑料材料中。所述主要材料还可以由回收物和添加剂的混合物构成。特别地,添加主要塑料材料添加剂,以便防止不需要的氧气从瓶体的外部移动到内部,从而使其不会触及瓶体中的产品。该添加剂还可以保证限定出在瓶体中与液体一起存在的氧气的边界,特别是限定出在饮料的充满液面N的顶部上所包含的空间中存在的氧气的边界,从而其不会引起氧化。另一种添加剂是使乙醛或AA凝固的物质。AA是在喷注模制装置中制造预成型件的过程中出现在PET中的物质。当AA从瓶体的壁部移动到瓶体中的产品时,其会使味道发生改变,特别是在苏打水中更是如此。所述添加剂可以具有染色功能或者净化功能。
图11显示了由所述预成型件11加工得到(特别地是通过对其进行吹塑得到)的容器16。容器16还可以例如通过在特别提供的模具中喷注而直接生产。
图12相似地显示了从预成型件12获得的容器17。
利用所提出的容器16获得的所述特殊颜色效果可以在图13中显示的容器16的功能性图示中看到,该容器16处于充满状态,特别是充满液体介质30,尤其是用于饮用的可食用液体介质30,液体介质30优选为透明的,或者至少是半透明的,例如,水或者一些酒精饮料。
图14也显示了相似的既得到加强又具有更多细微差别的颜色效果26,该颜色效果26通过图12中显示的容器17的变型而实现。
在以图16中所示的特定角度α观察容器时,所述颜色效果26变得更为引人注目。颜色效果26以观察角度α观察尤其明显,从垂直于容器的轴线l的水平参考平面测得的该观察角度α可以为20°,并且还可以高达45°。对于所述范围,观察角度α越大,前述的颜色效果26就越强烈。
可以主要观察关于液面N的所述颜色效果26,特别是对于具有基本竖直的壁部的容器更是如此。实际上,该颜色效果是通过由所述弯曲部5限定的有色的底部部分24的镜像效果而实现的。容器壁部22进一步充当了一种波导,其中底部24的着色或有色外观经过所述液体介质30而转化到液面N。这一值得注意的颜色输送源自于容器16、17中的极其受限的区域,具体为其底部24,并且在容器中输入适当的流体30时通过其传播功能而发生,并且当时液体是透明的或者至少是半透明的,特别是对于具有至少部分笔直的壁部的容器更是如此。
这一值得注意的颜色效果26在使用荧光染料材料25时尤其明显。容器27上的整个颜色效果26随后通过与周围UV光线29的微妙组合而能够以相当引人注目的方式呈现。在图15中通过各种箭头显示了这种效果,这些箭头表征所述效果发出的能量。
以基本同样值得注意的方式,相似的特殊颜色效果可以通过结合磷光染料材料而得以实现。另外的替代方式是使用冷光染料材料。
图17显示了对于形成双色瓶体18甚至是三色瓶体18的具有所有区域A2、B2、Z2的容器18的另一个实施方案,区域A2、B2、Z2基本是不透明的,其中通过从过渡条带Z2处的附加颜色,可以观察到被限定界限且可限定的过渡区域。
图18显示了容器18的又一个实施方案,该容器18呈现了与上图中显示的实施方案相似的容器,但是所有区域A2、B2、Z2沿着容器或瓶体的纵向轴线l(而不是与其垂直)而延伸,这引起了从水平延伸视野到附近的竖直延伸视野的范围内的广泛的变化。
总之,上文提出的各个实施方案包括可能组合的广泛变化,这些组合的范围在一方面从具有局部色彩B1、B2的所述至少部分透明的容器16、17、27,在另一方面直到总体不透明的容器18,局部色彩B1、B2基本限制于底部24,总体不透明的容器18在其整个表面上进行着色。
前面的组合类型由于它们的特殊颜色效果而尤其值得注意,正是由于这些容器的主要部分A的透明性,这些特殊颜色效果在它们的其它部分A上是可见的,这些部分A是透明的且基本是无色的。实际上,所述特殊颜色效果由于瓶体16、17、27的实体部分A的透明性而得以实现,在瓶体充满K之后尤其如此。这样所实现的瓶体就能够既包括在可接受重量下的一些颜色,然而同时又将可成型性保持在了良好的水平。实际上,基本减少有色区域会极大地减少颜料的使用,从而有利地既节省了成本、降低了重量,同时又使可成型性基本保持不受影响。由于颜料或染料基本位于底部区域,并且主要在预成型件壁部中不存在,所以在吹塑模制为瓶体之后,其在两轴上的拉伸将不会受到所述颜料的影响。
在后面的组合类型的瓶体18中,它们在其整个范围上完全是不透明的且是有色的,其中一些颜色效果由瓶体壁部本身以更为可预想的方式而直接产生,而并不是利用无法预料的所述前面的类型来产生。
由于在颜色和位置两方面,区域A1、B1以及A2、B2、Z2的选择分别具有这一最大限度的灵活性和自由度,所以能够分别有利地使用该类型的多色的预成型件和容器,作为用于所有目的的显著的信息承载媒介,例如特别是市场中的识别手段以及相似物,从而包含特别有吸引力的定制甚至是认知。这反过来提供了非常广泛的相当有用的应用,例如,从而包括基于颜色检测的拣选方法和用于回收废弃瓶体目的的分离方法,其中将瓶体根据颜色而分开。将色彩限制到底部的进一步的优点在于,用于在使用后回收的这种瓶体更易用拣选。例如,US 5432545公开了一种用于检测瓶体的主要颜色(而不论是否存在标签)的方法。在根据本发明的将色彩限制到底部部分的瓶体的情况下,所述拣选将更为容易,因为分析图像可以集中于底部部分。
此外,通过将高度参数的变化量与直到预成型件的底部的分隔线Z1的实际距离相结合,这样所提供的优点是高度和底部分别都是可调节的,从而可以进一步增强这一选择的灵活性。
Claims (37)
1.一种用于容器的吹塑模制的预成型件,所述预成型件包括颈部部分(1)、毗邻的壁部部分(2)以及底部部分(3),所述颈部部分(1)围绕浇注开口(20),所述底部部分(3)与所述颈部部分相对并且作为所生产容器的支撑基座,其中所述预成型件由主要区域和至少一个次要区域构成,其中所述主要区域(A1、A2)由主要塑料材料构成,所述至少一个次要区域(B1、B2)由至少一种次要材料构成,所述主要区域和次要区域具有相互不同的色彩,其特征在于,所述底部部分(3)中的至少一个实体部分由多层结构构成,所述多层结构具有主要层和附加的次要层(6、7、8、9、10),所述主要层由所述主要塑料材料构成,所述附加的次要层由所述至少一种次要材料构成,所述多层结构包括两个表面层,一个表面层(6)相应于所述预成型件向外指引,而另一个表面层(10)向内指引,并且中间次要层位于(7、8、9)之间,从而构成核心层,其还位于两个所述主要层之间,并且其特征在于,所述预成型件由一个单一件构成,从所述主要区域到所述次要区域的过渡部(Z1、Z2)是无缝的。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述区域(B1、A2、B2)中的至少一个是不透明的并且/或者是半透明的,其中其优选为有色的。
3.根据前两项权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述次要不透明区域和半透明区域(B1、B2)分别限制于所述预成型件(15、16)的底部部分(3)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,至少所述主要区域(A1、A2)是透明的并且/或者是未着色的。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述主要材料和次要材料至少部分地流动进入彼此。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述区域具有相互形成强烈反差的色彩。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述预成型件(15)的区域(A1、B1)之间的过渡部由分隔线(Z1)构成。
8.根据权利要求1至6中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述区域(A2、B2)由过渡区域(Z2)分隔,与前述区域(A2、B2)之间的过渡区域相比,所述过渡区域(Z2)的反差极为微弱。
9.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述过渡区域(Z2)的宽度基本恒定。
10.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述分隔线(Z1)和过渡区域(Z2)基本分别垂直于所述预成型件的纵向轴线(1)而延伸,并且与所述底部边缘(5)平行。
11.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,前述区域中的色彩基本一致。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述附加层(6、7、8、9、10)中的至少一个由作为所述次要材料的塑料与有色染料的混合物构成。
13.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述混合物包括与用于所述附加次要层(6、7、8、9、10)中的至少两个的相同染料。
14.根据前两项权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,在所述附加次要层中的至少一个中,所述有色染料选自由荧光、磷光或冷光染料构成的表列。
15.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,至少一种次要材料与所述主要塑料材料相同。
16.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述核心层(9)具有明显厚度(ε),优选地至少在局部上达到底部厚度的一半。
17.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述附加内部层(10)和外部层(6)分别基本延伸到底部(3)界限,该界限位于所述预成型件的壁部(15、16)的弯曲部(5)处。
18.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述附加内部层(10)和外部层(6)分别正好在所述底部界限(5)之上延伸,其上限形成基本水平线,该水平线平行于所述底部边缘(5)。
19.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述核心层(7)从所述底部向上延伸到至少分别与所述内部层(10)和外部层(6)相同的程度。
20.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述核心层(8)从所述底部延伸到分别位于所述内部层(10)和外部层(6)之上一定距离(δ)的高度处。
21.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述预成型件的壁部部分(2)具有多层结构,该多层结构具体由基座壁部层(19)构成,中间壁部层(23)包含于所述基座壁部层(19)之间,充当屏障层,其由第三种塑料材料构成,显著地作为气体屏障。
22.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述屏障层(23)为所述核心层(7、8、9)的延续部分,优选地,延伸到所述颈部部分。
23.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述材料中的至少一种包括一定量的添加剂,所述添加剂对于反应物具有中和作用,该反应物对于将要盛放于容器中的产品具有不良作用,其中在预成型件(2)的壁部中分别形成主动和被动的屏障。
24.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的用于容器的预成型件,该容器意在在其中盛放对辐射敏感的产品,尤其是对光线敏感的食物和乳制品,其特征在于,所述预成型件基本在其整个范围上是不透明的,其中百分比相对较低的塑料添加剂被结合以产生所述不透明的外观,以便保护由其限定边界的其内部空间免受外部辐射,特别是电磁辐射,更特别的是光线。
25.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,前述中间层(7、8、9、23)中的至少一个包含流体,具体地包含液体。
26.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件,其特征在于,所述材料中的至少一种由所谓的聚合物生物聚集体构成,所述聚合物生物聚集体由在聚合物中工作的细胞和/或细胞产品构成。
27.一种容器,所述容器由根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预成型件(15、16、13、14、31)吹塑模制而获得,具体地,其中所述容器具有色彩密度,这使得其从不透明的转变到透明的。
28.根据前述权利要求所述的容器,其特征在于,其至少局部呈现多向色性。
29.一种根据前两项权利要求中的一项所述的容器的用途,其中所述容器(15、16)充满光线散射媒介(30),特别是具有较高漫射能力的液体媒介,特别是水。
30.根据权利要求27或28中的一项所述的容器的用途,其中在充满光线散射媒介(30)时,几乎在整个容器(15、16)上,特别是在自由媒介液面处,具体是在容器中的液面(N)处,对底部限制的色彩(25)进行散射。
31.根据前述权利要求所述的容器的用途,其中所述容器(15、16)放置在人工光线中,特别是设置在UV射线(29)中。
32.一种用于预成型件的喷注模制的方法,该预成型件意在被吹塑模制为容器,所述预成型件包括颈部部分(1)、毗邻的壁部部分(2)和底部部分(3),所述颈部部分(1)包括浇注开口(20),所述底部部分(3)与所述颈部部分相对并且意在形成所生产容器的支持基座,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a)首先喷注次要材料,在所述预成型件的底部部分中,所述次要材料在外部层(6)中的模具的冷却表面上固化并且在内部层(10)中的核心的冷却表面上固化;
b)然后喷注主要材料,特别是PET,所述主要材料流动到所述壁部部分(2)和所述颈部部分(1),基本构成所述壁部部分和颈部部分的整个体积以及所述底部部分中的两层,并与已经固化的所述次要材料(6、10)接触,并且
c)最后喷注次要材料,充满所述底部部分的剩余体积,从而构成所述底部部分中的核心层(7、8、9)。
33.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,轻微地减少主要材料的数量,并且增加在最后步骤中喷注的所述次要材料的数量,使得所述次要材料核心层(8)进一步在所述壁部部分(2)中延伸,以距离(δ)超出两个其它的次要层(6、10)。
34.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在喷注所述次要材料的最后阶段之前喷注第三种材料,使得所述第三种材料构成所述壁部部分(22)中的中间层(23)。
35.一种用于在喷注模具中生产特别是根据权利要求1至26中的一项所述的预成型件的方法,其中,将预定数量的主要合成材料喷注在中空的模具空间中,并且在形成核心之前,在所述中空的模具空间中,将预定数量的次要材料和第三种材料分别喷注在已喷注的主要合成材料中,其特征在于,所包含的次要材料和第三种材料分别不同于所述主要材料,其特征在于,在所述中空模具空间中的所述喷注是与所述主要材料的一部分一起进行的并行的喷注,其特征在于,当在所述中空的模具空间的喷注孔隙的区域中进行并行喷注时,所述次要材料和第三种材料分别从所述预成型件向外喷注,并且所述主要材料与其相对地向内喷注。
36.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在模制之前,将预定量的添加剂添加到前述材料中的一种中,所述添加剂对于不需要的影响具有中和作用。
37.根据权利要求36至41中的一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所喷注的所述材料中的至少一种结合有活性材料,并且由包括如下步骤的方法而生产:
a)选择聚合物;
b)从细胞、活性有机体和/或细胞产品之中选择一组有机体,并且
c)通过使所述细胞和/或细胞产品在所述聚合物中工作而形成聚集体,进而形成所谓的聚合物生物聚集体,
其中在取自所选温度间隔的工作温度范围内进行工作,在基本为标准压力条件下,特别是基本在一个大气压下,其下限可以设置在基本100℃。
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BE2008/0082A BE1018460A5 (nl) | 2008-02-12 | 2008-02-12 | Kleurvoorvorm en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen hiervan tot een polychromatische kunststofbehouder. |
BE2008/0082 | 2008-02-12 | ||
PCT/BE2009/000008 WO2009100506A2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-12 | Plastic preform and process for the manufacturing thereof to a polychromatic container |
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EP (1) | EP2318194B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5802391B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102026793A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009214840B2 (zh) |
BE (1) | BE1018460A5 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2715008A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2318194T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2402069T3 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2009214840B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
BE1018460A5 (nl) | 2010-12-07 |
WO2009100506A3 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
ZA201006528B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2318194B1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JP5802391B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2318194A2 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
JP2011526546A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
AU2009214840A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US20100307633A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
CA2715008A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
WO2009100506A2 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
DK2318194T3 (da) | 2013-04-15 |
ES2402069T3 (es) | 2013-04-26 |
US8895120B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
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