CN102026792A - 多轴挤出机 - Google Patents

多轴挤出机 Download PDF

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CN102026792A
CN102026792A CN2008801292315A CN200880129231A CN102026792A CN 102026792 A CN102026792 A CN 102026792A CN 2008801292315 A CN2008801292315 A CN 2008801292315A CN 200880129231 A CN200880129231 A CN 200880129231A CN 102026792 A CN102026792 A CN 102026792A
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mixed zone
temperature
district
foaming body
screw member
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藤本道广
吉村浩司
佐原正明
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Sanwa Kako Co Ltd
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Sanwa Kako Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
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Abstract

用于使交联高分子材料制的发泡体通过混合区而再生成能再利用的材料的多轴挤出机，该多轴挤出机将所述混合区分成至少前后两个混合区，在前混合区和后混合区之间设置有使通过的材料的温度均匀化的温度均衡用送进区。

Description

多轴挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及交联高分子材料的再生所利用的多轴挤出机。
背景技术
以前，开发了使用多轴挤出机对用于电线包覆材料的交联聚乙烯等进行增塑再生的方法。作为用于这种再生作业的多轴挤出机，已知具有供给投入的材料的供给区、对通过该供给区导入的材料的温度和压力进行管理同时对该材料施加机械剪切力以促进增塑的混合(日文：混練)区以及抑制通过该混合区而被增塑的材料进行再交联反应地挤出该材料的挤出区(例如专利文献1)。
专利文献1：日本特许第3026270号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而，所述结构的挤出机，在想要对交联高分子材料制的发泡体的废弃物进行再生的情况下，存在因为某些原因易发生劣化、难以进行高效再生作业的不良问题。
本发明的发明者，为了弄清所述不良问题的原因，经过专心研究，结果发现因为低密度发泡体对于温度条件的影响过于敏感，原有的温度控制技术难以充分抑制劣化。
也就是说，在原有的多轴挤出机中，在内置有螺杆的套筒中安装温度传感器，基于该温度传感器检出的结果，对套筒进行加热和冷却控制，以此管理发泡体的温度。但是，所述管理方法只限于套筒内壁附近的温度管理，在套筒内壁附近的发泡体温度与螺杆附近的发泡体温度之间有很大的差异、也就是说存在内外温度差的情况下，会发生螺杆附近的发泡体温度超过管理目标值而高温化的现象，因此造成材料的劣化。
本发明是基于所述研究结果而作出的，其目的是提供一种处理速度较快又不易发生材料劣化的多轴挤出机。
解决问题的手段
即，本发明的多轴挤出机用于使交联高分子材料的发泡体通过混合区而再生成能再利用的材料，其特征在于，将所述混合区分成至少前后两个混合区，在前混合区和后混合区之间设置有使被混合区剪切了的发泡体的温度均匀化的温度均衡用送进区。
通过所述结构，在通过前混合区时，正在产生的内外温度差通过温度均衡用送进区得到了缓和。因此，与前后混合区直接相连的情况相比，可以使处理中的发泡体上升到无法预测的温度的情形得到抑制。
作为温度均衡用送进区的良好的状态，可以考虑设置构成不会对通过的发泡体施加机械剪切力的结构的螺杆构件。
在使用这样的螺杆构件的情况下，通过在朝相同方向旋转的两根轴上分别安装所述螺杆构件，可以获得充分的效果。这种情况下，特别地，较为理想的是在各个轴的同一位置的各个螺杆构件的安装方向相互保持90度的角度地安装于轴上。
温度均衡用送进区内由于沿着一侧的螺纹之间的侧周面与另一侧的螺纹相接触而产生了空间，在该空间中，通过一侧的螺杆构件附近的发泡体的一部分与通过另一侧的螺杆构件附近的发泡体的一部分，由于螺杆沿着相同方向旋转，因此从相互不同的方向发生接触。在该空间中，由于经过剪切的发泡体相接触，因此，发泡体一边得到搅拌一边向第二混合区移动。由于所述结构，螺杆附近的发泡体的一部分在通过温度均衡用送进区时，随着向第二混合区的方向移动，内外温度差可以得到缓和。
发明效果
本发明采用所述结构，可以适当减小温度均衡用送进区的套筒内的发泡体的内外温度差。因此，可以在不降低处理速度的情况下，抑制材料的劣化，还可以使交联高分子材料高效地再生。
附图说明
图1是说明本发明实施方式的二轴挤出机的整体结构的主视图。
图2是表示所述实施方式的螺杆结构的俯视图。
图3是表示所述实施方式的第一混合区中螺杆构件的排列的俯视图。
图4是表示所述实施方式的温度均衡用送进区中螺杆构件的排列的俯视图。
图5是沿图4中A-A线的截面图。
图6是表示利用所述实施方式获得的良好的再生发泡体的立体图。
图7是表示利用现有技术获得的树脂被烧损的再生发泡体的立体图。
符号说明
1...多轴挤出机
2...材料供给区
3...第一混合区
4...温度均衡送进区
5...第二混合区
6...挤出区
7...螺杆
最佳实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明的一实施方式进行说明。
如下所述，作为多轴挤出机的一实施方式的二轴挤出机1，具有套筒以及设置成在套筒内可以沿同一方向旋转的两根螺杆7，如图1所示，具有材料供给区2、与该材料供给区2相连的作为前混合区的第一混合区3、与该第一混合区3相连的温度均衡用送进区4、与该温度均衡用送进区4相连的第二混合区5、以及与该第二混合区5相连的挤出区6。螺杆7通过将各个区所需要的螺杆构件组装在轴71上而构成。该实施方式的螺杆7的形成方式是，将在轴71的轴向上处于同一位置的螺杆构件以螺纹错开90度的角度的状态沿着一侧的螺纹之间的侧周面与另一侧的螺纹相接触地配置。
材料供给区2是不向从加料斗21投入的发泡体施加剪切力地将其沿挤出方向引导的通常的设备。具体来说，如图2所示，材料供给区2的结构为，螺杆构件的配置包含将螺杆段的长度为48mm～96mm左右的多个螺杆构件22和23连续设置而成的螺杆7的一部分。
第一混合区3的结构由于在挤出侧的端部具有压力保持部件，因此适于一边管理温度和压力，一边向其材料施加机械剪切力以促进增塑。具体来说，如图2所示，第一混合区3包含将多个长度为56mm、被称为搅拌盘或转子的螺杆构件31连续设置而成的螺杆7的一部分，并在最终段配置有用于构成压力保持部件的长度为44mm的螺杆构件32。两根轴71配置有同样的螺杆构件31和32的结构，在轴71的同一位置的各个螺杆构件31和32的安装方向相互保持90度的角度地安装于轴71上。并且，该第一混合区3的结构为了促进剪切而用加热部件、例如加热器、液体等对套筒进行加热控制。
所述螺杆构件为一个例子，其形式和长度可以根据要再生的材料进行适当的变更。
温度均衡用送进区4的结构是，在挤出侧的端部具有压力保持部件，将从所述第一混合区3送入的材料向挤出方向输送。具体来说，如图2所示，温度均衡用送进区4具有长度为72mm的螺旋状螺纹，包含将多个构成不会对其材料施加机械剪切力的结构的螺杆构件41连续设置而成的螺杆7的一部分，并在最终段配置有用于构成压力保持部件的长度为56mm的螺杆构件42。
如图5(a)所示的沿图4中A-A线的截面图那样，两根轴71、71配置有同样的螺杆构件的结构，在轴71、71的同一位置的各个螺杆构件41的安装方向相互保持90度的角度安装于轴上，通过沿着一侧的螺纹41a之间的侧周面41b与另一侧的螺纹41c相接而产生了空间。在该空间中，由于所述两根轴71、71以同样的速度、向相同的方向旋转，如图5(b)所示，通过一侧的螺杆构件41附近的发泡体的一部分与通过另一侧的螺杆构件41附近的发泡体的一部分，从相互不同的方向发生接触，发泡体一边得到搅拌一边向第二混合区5移动。
第二混合区5在挤出侧的端部和中间部具有压力保持部件，适于一边管理温度和压力，一边向其材料施加机械剪切力以促进增塑。具体来说，如图2所示，第二混合区5包含将多个长度为56mm、被称为搅拌盘或转子的螺杆构件51连续设置而成的螺杆7的一部分，并在中间或者最终段配置有用于构成压力保持部件的长度为44mm的螺杆构件52。
挤出区6是用于将通过第二混合区5的材料向多孔板8施力的通常的设备。具体来说，如图2所示，挤出区6包含将长度为72mm、56mm、44mm的具有螺旋状螺纹的螺杆构件61和62连续设置而成的螺杆7的一部分。
在该实施例中，例如，在所述第一混合区3中设有第一温度传感器3a、在温度均衡用送进区4中设有第二温度传感器4a、在第二混合区5中设有第三温度传感器5a，在挤出区6设有第四温度传感器6a，利用来自这些传感器的信号，至少对第一混合区3的套筒温度进行PID控制。
采用所述二轴挤出机1对交联高分子材料的发泡体进行再生的实例如下所示。
实施例1
用以上说明的二轴挤出机1对交联高分子材料发泡体的废弃物进行了再生。此时，在第一混合区3、温度均衡用送进区4、第二混合区5和挤出区6中，将套筒的设定温度设为150℃，螺杆的转速设为400r.p.m.。
将如图6所示的本实施例的再生条件下得到的30g再生材料9与70g聚乙烯树脂LF441(日本聚乙烯株式会社制)、3g发泡剂AC#3(永和化成工业株式会社制)、2g发泡助剂ZnO、0.75g交联剂DCP进行混合，填充到密闭模具(尺寸为23×155×155mm)中，在加压条件下以162℃、加热35分钟为发泡条件，消除压力进行发泡试验。根据所述条件，可以得到表观密度为95kg/m3的良好的再生发泡体。
实施例2
将第一混合区3、温度均衡用送进区4、第二混合区5和挤出区6中的套筒的设定温度设为130℃，其他条件设为与实施例1相同的条件，使用二轴挤出机1进行再生作业。
如图6所示，针对本实施例的再生条件下得到的30g再生材料9，在设定为与实施例1相同的条件下进行发泡试验。根据所述条件，可以得到表观密度为95kg/m3的良好的再生发泡体。
比较例
不设置本发明的温度均衡用送进区4地使用前后混合区直接相连的二轴挤出机，将混合区和挤出区中的套筒的设定温度设为130℃，螺杆的转速设为400r.p.m.。
如图7所示，针对本比较例的再生条件下得到的30g再生材料10，在设定为与实施例1相同的条件下进行发泡试验。根据所述条件，无法得到良好的再生发泡体。
并且，本发明并不限于所述实施方式。在所述温度均衡用送进区中，不对套筒进行散热或者冷却，但是可以将散热用叶片和送风机，冷却液或者制冷剂用管路等设置在套筒外壁上。此外，也可以在套筒内壁附近的壁内形成冷却液用通路。
另外，各部分的具体结构也不限于所述实施方式，可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的范围内进行各种变形。

Claims (3)

1.一种多轴挤出机，其用于使交联高分子材料制的发泡体通过混合区而再生成能再利用的材料，其特征在于，将所述混合区分成至少前后两个混合区，前混合区和后混合区之间设置有使在混合区剪切了的发泡体的温度均匀化的温度均衡用送进区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多轴挤出机，所述温度均衡用送进区配置有螺杆构件，该螺杆构件构成不对通过的发泡体施加机械剪切力的结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多轴挤出机，在朝相同方向旋转的两根轴上分别安装有所述螺杆构件。
CN2008801292315A 2008-05-15 2008-12-05 多轴挤出机 Pending CN102026792A (zh)

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