CN102007658A - 一种改进的涡轮机安装方法 - Google Patents

一种改进的涡轮机安装方法 Download PDF

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CN102007658A
CN102007658A CN200980113579XA CN200980113579A CN102007658A CN 102007658 A CN102007658 A CN 102007658A CN 200980113579X A CN200980113579X A CN 200980113579XA CN 200980113579 A CN200980113579 A CN 200980113579A CN 102007658 A CN102007658 A CN 102007658A
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詹姆斯·艾夫斯
保罗·顿纳
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Openhydro Group Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G1/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
    • H02G1/06Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
    • H02G1/10Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle in or under water
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
    • H02G9/02Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water laid directly in or on the ground, river-bed or sea-bottom; Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
    • H02G9/12Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water supported on or from floats, e.g. in water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5313Means to assemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/53143Motor or generator

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种改进的涡轮机安装方法,所述方法将水力发电涡轮机安装到海床或类似地方,同时确保在涡轮机降到海床之前连接到涡轮机的预先敷设电缆在涡轮机的安装过程中不会受到破坏,该方法包括朝着海床降下涡轮机并同时移动涡轮机以便保持电缆的拉紧状态。

Description

一种改进的涡轮机安装方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将水力发电涡轮机安装至海床或类似位置上的改进方法,特别涉及这样一种方法,该方法改进对水力发电涡轮机与陆上发电站之间的电缆的操纵,其中水力发电涡轮机所产生的电力供应至陆上发电站。
背景技术
由于化石燃料的燃烧对地球造成的环境破坏,可再生能源终于受到了极大关注,围绕太阳能、风能和潮汐发电展开出了许多研发项目。在这些可替代的能源形式中,潮汐发电无疑是最有吸引力的,因为潮汐流是完全可以预测的并且是持续不断的,不像风能或太阳能是相对间歇的且因而不那么可靠。
然而,利用潮汐能确实具有来自其自身的挑战,特别是有关潮汐发电器(例如水力发电涡轮机)的安装和维修,由于其操作性质,它们必须设置于相对快速流动的潮流中,并更像是设置于海床上。此外,为了在经济上可行,这些涡轮机必须大规模兴建。然而,重要的是这些涡轮机必须将电力回供至陆地上以最终供应至电网。涡轮机产生的电力水平使得电气系统的工作面临危险性操作,并且由于涡轮机在水下海床上(并且是在湍急的潮汐区域)的定位,这种危险被放大了。这些湍急的潮汐区域经常被发现位于孤立的位置,因而使得要前往这些位置以及从这些位置返回非常耗时、危险,因此是费用浩大的任务。此外,除了需要有经验的潜水员外,安装和移除这种涡轮机的处理通常还需要使用多艘船只和相关的重型机械。而且,这些涡轮机通常需要以潮汐涡轮机储藏所的形式成倍部署,以便在经济上可行。因此,安装程序由于待安装的发电机的数量而增加。这种设备和潜水员的可用性是相当恐怖的,因此非常需要能减少执行潮汐涡轮机的安装和拆除所需的时间和设备。
由于水力发电涡轮机产生的较大电流,以及涡轮机和相关电缆所遭受的极其恶劣的条件,从每个涡轮机延伸至陆地的电缆必须较大且结实。由于电缆的直径(其可能是在300-500毫米的范围内),并且考虑到电缆长度,结果是电缆的重量很大。因此对电缆的操纵成为既困难又耗时的操作,因而使得水力发电涡轮机的部署地点面临的潮汐条件更加困难。敷设电缆也相对缺乏灵活性并因此对电缆的不当操纵可能会迅速且容易地造成电缆的扭曲/打结,从而导致电缆的永久损坏,并因此需要更换。
因此,本发明的目标是提供一种安装水力发电涡轮机的方法,该方法避免了在安装过程中对电缆的损坏。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供了一种在潮汐点安装水力发电涡轮机系统的方法,包括以下步骤:
将预先敷设的电力电缆连接至系统;
将系统朝着部署点降下,同时使该系统沿与潮汐流方向一致的方向移动,使得能够保持电缆的拉紧状态。
优选地,在连接电缆的步骤前,该方法还包括将系统基本放置于部署点上方。
优选地,该方法包括将系统从部署船放下并且同时移开部署船以保持电缆的拉紧状态。
优选地,部署船包括推进源。
优选地,该方法包括以下步骤:在降下步骤期间在系统上游定位锚;直接或间接地将系统连接至该锚;并在系统降下的过程中利用锚实现系统的移动。
优选地,该方法包括将锚定位在海床上。
优选地,该方法包括将部署船放在拖船后面拖曳的步骤;以及利用拖船实现部署船的移动。
优选地,该方法包括在降下系统的过程中将部署船朝向拖船用绞盘拉动的步骤,以实现部署船的移动。
优选地,该方法包括以下步骤:将拖船固定至锚,并朝向锚拉动拖船,以至少部分地实现部署船的移动。
优选地,部署船或拖船包括动力定位船。
优选地,该方法包括用漂浮设备标记预敷设电缆位置的步骤。
优选地,该方法包括在流动潮汐期间降下系统。
优选地,该方法包括以下步骤:在最终将系统放置在部署点之前或作为此步骤的一部分使系统横向移动。
本文中所使用的术语“水力发电涡轮机系统”是指这样一种装置:安装在基座上的水力发电涡轮机,其中基座可以与涡轮机一起降到海床上;与涡轮机分离的基座,该基座降至海床上,然后涡轮机降至基座上的位置;或者与基座分离的涡轮机,被降至先前设置好的基座上。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的方法且处于安装的早期阶段的水力发电涡轮机系统的示意性侧视图;
图2示出了图1所示的部署方法的示意图,其中水电涡轮系统部分地向海床降下。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,示出了根据本发明的优选实施例,将水力发电涡轮机10安装到海床B上的潮汐点的方法。虽然下面的说明提及的是将涡轮机10安装到海床B上,但应该理解的是,本发明的方法可应用在任何其他合适或所需的位置上,例如,将涡轮机10安装到河床上,等等。
现在具体参照图1,本发明的方法包括将涡轮机10运送至基本位于海床B上潮汐部署点S上方的位置,在使用过程中涡轮机10将定位于该位置。在将涡轮机10运送至潮汐部署点S上方的位置之前,先在海床B上预先敷设电缆C。将电缆C从陆上位置或从其它一些位置敷设至部署点S的处理是公知的,因此下文中不再详细描述。电缆C延伸至部署点S的最后部分(例如最后100米)敷设得与主潮流方向大体一致。为了允许电缆C的自由端的放置和取回,优选地,在电缆C的自由端处或靠近自由端的地方用绳索拴上浮标形式的漂浮设备(未示出),并且一旦涡轮机10被带入潮汐部署点S上方的位置后,漂浮设备位于水面W上。也可以这样设想,可能更实际的是,在电缆C的末端上贴上脐带或延伸线,而且脐带/延伸线将随即成为从海床B上升和降下的部分。电缆C可用于直接从岸上获得电力,或用于将涡轮机10菊花式链接至一个或多个其它的涡轮机(未示出)。
随着电缆C预铺设至部署点S,如上所述的,涡轮机10被大致基本布置于部署点S上方的位置。在优选实施例中示出了,涡轮机10被部署船12承载,部署船可以是任何合适形式的,而在所示实施例中,部署船12是无动力驳船12形式的。然而,部署船12可以包括推进源。使用拖船14形式的拖船以便将涡轮机10和驳船12拖曳到位(在所示实施例中,是逆着流动潮汐T的方向)。在该实施例中,在拖船14和驳船12之间连接有简单的拖绳16,并且也可调整其长度以较小地修正涡轮机10和驳船12的位置。但是,拖船14也可用动力定位船(未示出)替代,动力定位船可以利用全球定位系统(GPS),以便在安装过程中准确地保持所需的位置。涡轮机10可以通过任何数量的合适布置以可解除的方式连接到驳船12,由于连接的细节对本发明的方法没有实质性影响,所以在下文中不作详细介绍。
在将涡轮10拖至部署点S上方的位置前,安装至少一个锚18,在所示实施例中,相对于安装过程中潮汐T流动的方向,锚安装在海床B上潮汐部署点S上游的位置处。锚18可以是任何合适形式的,并在所示实施例中,锚18是简单的岩石锚18形式的。不过,根据海床B上的状况,锚18的类型和/或尺寸可以改变。再次,为了标记锚18在水W上方的位置,优选地,将拴绳浮标(未示出)或类似的标记物固定至锚18,并且根据上述理由下文不再描述。
一旦拖船14将涡轮机10和驳船12放置在部署点S上方的位置,拖船14就通过锚索20连接至锚18。这可以通过将连接至锚18的浮标(未示出)缩回到拖船14上然后适当地将锚索20固定至拖船14而简单地实现。现在锚18使得拖船14(并因此使得涡轮机10和驳船12)能够抵抗流动的潮汐T而保持住位置。不过在这一点上应当注意并且将从下面对本发明的安装方法的描述中变得更清晰的是,拖船14可以省掉,并且在这种方案下,船12可以直接与锚18连接。这是可能实现的,不论该船12是否有推进源。
一旦锚18将涡轮机10和船12固定得能够抵抗流动潮汐T,电缆C的自由端(或脐带)被收回至表面,并且以已知的方式电连接至涡轮机10。电缆C可以使用驳船12上提供的传统绞盘装置收回,或可以通过独立支持船(未示出)实现。在这点上,涡轮机10准备好降下至海床B。在所示实施例中,涡轮机10预先安装在基座22上,在使用过程中基座将在海床B上支撑涡轮机10。因此在所示实施例中,是用基座22将涡轮机10固定至驳船12。涡轮机10和基座22共同限定了水电涡轮机系统。可以设想,可以通过设在基座22和涡轮机10之间的适当连接将电缆C连接至基座22。
然后参照图2,涡轮机10和基座22现在被朝向海床B降下去。这可以通过任何适合的工具完成,并且在所示实施例中,多条支持线24连接于驳船12与基座22之间。驳船12因此装配有相应数量的铰盘(未示出),其用于使支持线24上升和降下,并且因此而使基座22和涡轮机10朝向或远离海床B上升和降下。在所示实施例中,涡轮机10和基座22以在下方吊挂的布置被连接至驳船12,以便允许涡轮机10和基座22快速方便地离开驳船12降到海床B。也可以采用任何其它适当的布置。
当涡轮机10被降至海床B时,其同时沿与潮汐流动的方向一致的方向移动,并且在所示实施例中为逆着流动潮汐T且朝向锚18向前移动,以便保持电缆C的拉紧状态。这既可以通过在锚18上向前拉动拖船14而实现,也可以通过缩短拖船14与驳船12之间的拖绳16来实现,或是结合上述两种方案。不过,如上所述,拖船14可以省却,并且驳船12可以直接连接至锚18。在这种情况下,将驳船12连接至锚18的绳索将用于逆着潮汐T向前拉驳船12。在每个方案中,涡轮机10将沿着弧线路径朝着海床B降下,其中电缆C保持与潮汐流动的方向一致。该路径确保了在连接至涡轮机10或基座22的电缆C中保持拉紧状态。这种拉近确保了在涡轮机10的降下期间不会发生电缆C的缠绕或打结。一旦涡轮机10在海床上定位好,每条支持线24可以与之分离并卷绕回至驳船12上。在这点上涡轮机10可以开始操作并通过电缆C将电力回输至岸上或是其它任何期望的位置。在这一点上,电缆C相对于潮汐流T的方向可以成一直线并且处于拉紧状态下,以便防止操作期间它的任何不适当移动。
应当理解的是,上面所述的安装方法可以在没有锚18的情况下实现,虽然会有较大的困难。拖船14,或优选动力定位船(未示出),能够用于抵抗潮汐T最初保持涡轮机10和驳船12的位置,同时电缆C与涡轮机10相连接。一旦涡轮机10的降下开始,拖船14就可以向前拉动驳船12,以便获得上面提到的涡轮机10的弧线路径。
如果出于某种原因需要重新定位涡轮机10,这可以在支持线24与基座22脱离前完成。需要重新定位的原因,例如可能是由于在海床B上初始安装后基座22的高度不理想。由于电缆C的设置,例如最后100米或类似部分在一条直线上,基座22可以稍微上升而离开海床B,并且拖船14用于在原始位置的横向重新放置驳船12。
为了从海床B移除涡轮机10,例如为了维修或更换,简单反向执行上述程序即可。
也可以设想,本发明的方法可以在潮汐流与所述的和图1至图2所示的方向相反的情况下实现。在这种情况下,拖船14和锚18(如果使用了的话)将需要位于图1和2所示驳船12的另一侧,以便能够使驳船12保持在部署点S上方的基本固定的位置上。当朝着海床B降下涡轮机10时,潮汐能够用于进行涡轮机的移位,使得可以保持电缆C的拉紧状态。这能够通过例如放出并因此加长拖绳16和/或锚索20而实现,并且方便地允许潮汐承载驳船12,并且因此承载涡轮机10,以保持电缆C的拉紧状态。这种布置也可以在没有使用锚18时进行。

Claims (13)

1.一种在潮汐点安装水力发电涡轮机系统的方法,包括以下步骤:
将预敷设电缆连接至所述系统;
将所述系统朝向部署点降下,并同时使所述系统在与潮汐流的方向一致的方向上移动,以保持所述电缆的拉紧状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括在连接所述电缆前将所述系统放置在基本位于所述部署点的上方。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,包括从部署船降下所述系统并同时移动所述部署船,以保持所述电缆的拉紧状态。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述部署船包括推进源。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,包括以下步骤:在降下步骤过程中将锚定位在所述系统的上游;直接或间接地将所述系统连接至所述锚;以及使用所述锚以实现所述系统在其降下期间的移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,包括将所述锚定位在海床上。
7.根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的方法,包括以下步骤:在拖船后面拖曳所述部署船;以及利用所述拖船实现所述部署船的移动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,包括以下步骤:在所述系统的降下期间将所述部署船朝向所述拖船用铰盘拉动,以实现所述部署船的移动。
9.根据当从属于权利要求5或6时的权利要求7或8所述的方法,包括以下步骤:将所述拖船固定至所述锚,并且朝向所述锚拉动所述拖船以至少部分地实现所述部署船的位移。
10.根据权利要求3至9中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述部署船或所述拖船包括动力定位船。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,包括以下步骤:用飘浮设备标记所述预敷设电缆的位置。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,包括在流动潮汐期间降下所述系统。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,包括在所述系统最终定位于所述部署点的步骤之前或作为此步骤的一部分,横向移动所述系统。
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CA2721717A1 (en) 2009-10-22
CA2721717C (en) 2016-05-24
JP2011517275A (ja) 2011-05-26
KR101652014B1 (ko) 2016-08-29
CN102007658B (zh) 2014-04-16
AU2009237936A1 (en) 2009-10-22
JP5347017B2 (ja) 2013-11-20
KR20110004389A (ko) 2011-01-13
US20110088253A1 (en) 2011-04-21
NZ588538A (en) 2013-01-25
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AU2009237936B2 (en) 2014-04-03
WO2009127415A1 (en) 2009-10-22

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