CN101985282A - 用于车辆的显示系统 - Google Patents

用于车辆的显示系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101985282A
CN101985282A CN2010102359538A CN201010235953A CN101985282A CN 101985282 A CN101985282 A CN 101985282A CN 2010102359538 A CN2010102359538 A CN 2010102359538A CN 201010235953 A CN201010235953 A CN 201010235953A CN 101985282 A CN101985282 A CN 101985282A
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energy
energy recovery
vehicle
recovery rate
controller
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CN101985282B (zh
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戴尔·斯科特·克劳姆贝兹
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
    • B60R16/0236—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle for economical driving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/28—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor characterised by the type of the output information, e.g. video entertainment or vehicle dynamics information; characterised by the purpose of the output information, e.g. for attracting the attention of the driver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
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    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
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    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的显示系统，该显示系统被配置成显示车辆的一个或多个能量效率值。所述显示系统可包括信息显示器，该信息显示器被配置成显示与使用再生制动系统所回收的制动能量的比率相对应的能量回收指示器。该信息显示器可包括总的能量回收指示器和瞬时能量回收指示器两者。

Description

用于车辆的显示系统
技术领域
本公开的一个或多个实施例涉及一种用于指示由车辆的再生制动系统所回收的能量的系统和方法。
背景技术
车辆，无论是客车还是商用车都包括很多仪表、指示器和各种其他显示器，以便向车辆驾驶员提供有关车辆及其周围环境的信息。随着诸如混合动力电动车辆(HEV)之类的新技术的出现，产生了各种新的仪表和信息显示器，以帮助驾驶员更好地了解这些使用新技术的车辆的操作。例如，很多HEV包含有试图给驾驶员提供关于各种混合动力驱动状态的信息的仪表。这些仪表指示给驾驶员车辆何时由发动机单独驱动、何时由电动机单独驱动或者何时由两者混合驱动。类似地，显示器可指示电动机何时以发电机的形式工作，并给诸如电池之类的能量存储装置再充电。
对于HEV来说，已知一些驾驶员可能不能达到期望的总的燃油经济性，部分原因是由驾驶习惯造成的。在很多情况下，驾驶员愿意修正其行为，但是他们不能将推荐的技术转化成其驾驶习惯中的实际变化。此外，对于可如何将与在制动过程中回收的能量相关的信息与车辆的未来燃油经济性(futurefuel economy)相关联，传统的仪表或者显示器可能会使人误导。这样，驾驶员可能不能采用现有的驾驶习惯来提高车辆的未来燃油经济性。
发明内容
混合动力车辆可包括传统的信息显示器或者仪表，目的在于通知驾驶员混合动力驱动状态。混合动力驱动状态可被显示，从而驾驶员可修正车辆的操作以提高车辆的燃油经济性(“FE”)。但是，与传统的瞬时燃油经济性仪表相结合，在制动时，这种传统的信息显示器可给驾驶员一种效率提高了的错觉。那就是在制动时，相对高的瞬时燃油经济性值可能被显示出来，同时指示电池正在使用再生制动系统回收能量。另外，传统的信息显示器不向驾驶员指示由再生制动系统所回收的能量已经被耗尽以及能量正在通过使用摩擦制动而被消耗，导致驾驶员相信即使是紧急制动也能提高总体的燃油经济性。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种用于车辆的显示系统，该显示系统包括：包括能量回收指示器的信息显示器；控制器，该控制器被配置成：至少部分基于与制动系统相关的信息来确定能量回收率；传送指示能量回收率的信号，以便信息显示器基于该能量回收率显示能量回收指示器。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本公开的实施例的包括信息显示器的混合动力电动车辆的示意图；
图2详细地显示了图1中示出的信息显示器；
图3显示了信息显示器的另一视图；
图4是示出在此描述的本公开的一个或多个实施例的简化的示例性流程图。
具体实施方式
混合动力车辆可包括传统的信息显示器或者仪表，目的在于通知驾驶员混合动力驱动状态。混合动力驱动状态可被显示，从而驾驶员可修正车辆的操作以提高车辆的燃油经济性(“FE”)。例如，很多混合动力车辆提供传统的“动力辅助仪表”来指示车辆何时操作电动机以辅助加速混合动力车辆。另外，传统的“动力辅助仪表”可指示在再生制动过程中电动机何时用于给车辆的电池充电。
与传统的瞬时燃油经济性仪表相结合，在制动时，这种传统的信息显示器可给驾驶员一种效率提高了的错觉。燃油经济性提高的错觉可归因于这样的事实，那就是在制动时，相对高的瞬时燃油经济性值可能被显示出来，同时指示电池正在使用再生制动系统回收能量。瞬时FE值高是因为车辆不再消耗燃油。尽管再生制动可帮助提高混合动力车辆的FE，但是如果驾驶员以较温和的方式(例如，温和地加速和减速)操作混合动力车辆，则可获得较好的FE。
另外说明的是，传统的信息显示器不向驾驶员指示由再生制动系统所回收的能量已经被耗尽以及能量正在通过使用摩擦制动而被消耗。相反，在减速过程中由于传统的瞬时燃油经济性仪表可能出现过冲(spike)、饱和(saturate)或者呈最大(max-out)，所以传统的信息显示器可导致驾驶员相信即使是紧急制动也能提高总体的燃油经济性。
针对上述情况，图1显示了根据本公开的一个或多个实施例的车辆10的示意图。车辆10可包括发动机12和第一电机或者发电机14。发动机12和发电机14可通过动力传递装置相连接，在本实施例中，该动力传递装置是行星齿轮装置16。当然，包括其他齿轮组和变速箱的其他类型的动力传递装置也可被用于连接发动机12和发电机14。此外，行星齿轮装置16可包括齿圈18、行星架20、行星齿轮22和太阳轮24。
发电机14也能将扭矩输出到连接到太阳轮24的轴26。类似地，发动机12能将扭矩输出到通过被动式离合器32与轴30相连的曲轴28。在过扭矩(over-torque)的情况下，离合器32可提供保护。轴30可被连接到行星齿轮装置16的行星架20，齿圈18可被连接到轴34，轴34通过齿轮组38连接到第一组车辆驱动轮或主驱动轮36。
车辆10可包括第二电机或者电动机40，其用于将扭矩输出到连接到齿轮组38的轴42。在本公开的范围之内的其他车辆可具有不同的电机装置，例如，多于或者少于两个电机。在图1所示的实施例中，电机装置(即，电动机40和发电机14)都能用作电动机来输出扭矩。可选地，它们中的每个还能用作发电机，用于将电功率输出到高电压总线44以及包括电池48和电池控制模块(BCM)50的能量存储系统46。
电池48可以是能够输出电功率以操作电动机40和发电机14的高电压电池。BCM 50用作电池48的控制器。其他类型的能量存储系统可用于诸如车辆10之类的车辆。例如，可使用诸如电容器之类的装置，该装置类似于高电压电池，既能存储电能又能释放电能。可选地，诸如燃料电池之类的装置可与电池和/或电容器联合使用来向车辆10提供电功率。
如图1所示，通常可把电动机40、发电机14、行星齿轮装置16和齿轮组38的一部分称为变速箱52。为了控制发动机12和变速箱52的组件(即，发电机14和电动机40)，可设置总体上被显示为控制器54的车辆控制系统。尽管控制器54被显示为单个控制器，但是它可包括可用于控制多个车辆系统的多个控制器。例如，控制器54可以是车辆系统控制器/动力传动系控制模块(VSC/PCM)。
控制器局域网(CAN)56可允许控制器与变速箱52和BCM 50通信。正如电池48具有BCM 50一样，其他装置可拥有它们自己的控制器。例如，发动机控制单元(ECU)可与控制器54通信并可在发动机12上执行控制功能。此外，变速箱52可包括变速箱控制模块(TCM)，该模块被配置成协调控制变速箱52中的具体组件，例如，发电机14和/或电动机40。这些各种各样的控制器中的一些或者全部控制器可组成根据本公开的控制系统。尽管在上下文中示出和描述的车辆10是HEV，但是应该理解的是，本公开的实施例可在其他类型的车辆上实施，例如那些由电子电动机单独驱动的车辆。还应该理解的是，本公开的实施例可在包括有诸如飞轮装置、液压装置或者气动装置之类的至少一种可选的能量回收和存储装置的车辆上实施。最后，本公开设想可选的能量回收和存储装置可与或可不与诸如液体燃料发动机或者电机之类的第二驱动装置集成。
图1还显示了制动系统58、加速踏板60和空调系统62的简化的示意图。制动系统58可包括这样的装置，例如，制动踏板、位置传感器、压力传感器或者这两种传感器的结合、以及连接到(例如)车轮36的车辆车轮的机械连接装置，以使摩擦制动起作用。本公开的一个或多个实施例还设想制动系统58还可包括再生制动系统，在该再生制动系统中，制动能量被捕获并以电能的形式存储在电池48中。当然，应该注意的是，不同于电力再生制动系统的再生制动系统(例如，液压再生制动系统或机械再生制动系统等)也可作为制动系统58的一部分而被包括在内。类似地，加速踏板60可包括一个或多个传感器，其类似于制动系统58中的传感器，用于与控制器54通信。
空调系统62也与控制器54通信。空调系统的开/关状态能被传送至控制器54，并且能基于(例如)驾驶员致动的开关的状态，或者基于(例如)窗户除霜的相关功能的空调系统62的自动控制。除前面所述之外，车辆10还包括显示系统64，如在下面更详细地说明的，显示系统64可向车辆10的驾驶员提供指示能量回收的信息。
图2总体上示出了根据本公开的一个或多个实施例的显示系统64。显示系统64可包括包含软件的电子部件，这在图2中未示出。此外，本公开设想显示系统64可被包含在仪表盘显示器、中控显示器、头顶显示器或者用于向车辆10的驾驶员显示指示车辆操作状态的信息的车辆内的其他显示器之内。
显示系统64还可包括一个或多个信息显示器66，以显示指示车辆操作状态的信息。此外，信息显示器66可使用任何数量的模拟显示器和/或仪表来指示与车辆操作状态相关的信息。可选地，信息显示器66可使用任何数量的数字显示器和/或仪表来显示指示车辆操作状态的信息。例如，信息显示器66可使用液晶显示器(LCD)、等离子显示器、有机发光显示器(OLED)或者适合显示燃料车辆操作状态的其他显示器来显示指示车辆操作状态的信息。
显示系统64还可包括控制器，供参考之用，该控制器可以是图1中描述的控制器54。控制器54可被配置成接收与车辆10的当前的操作状态相关的感测到的和/或非感测到的输入。此外，控制器54可将输出提供给显示系统64，从而指示车辆操作状态的信息可使用信息显示器66显示出来。
本公开还设想信息显示器66可显示指示在车辆10的操作过程中制动系统58已经回收了多少能量的信息。更具体地说，信息显示器66可使用总的能量回收指示器68来显示指示总的能量回收率的值。本公开还设想信息显示器66可被这样配置，以使总的能量回收率可被显示为长期的、旅程的或者平均的能量回收率。例如，控制器54可使用预定的一段时间来确定长期的能量回收率。另外，控制器54可使用车辆10的行驶距离来确定旅程能量回收率。最后，控制器54可使用预定的滚动平均数(rolling average)来确定平均的能量回收率。控制器54可发送确定的总的能量回收率，以便信息显示器66基于总的能量回收率来调整总的能量回收指示器68。
为了确定总的能量回收率，控制器54可使用再生制动所回收的能量与总体制动所需要的能量之间的比率。在这点上，总的能量回收率可被设置为能量回收的百分比。本公开设想控制器54可使用下列示例性等式来确定总的能量回收率：
Energy _ Recovered = Regenerative _ Braking _ Energy Total _ Braking _ Energy - - - ( 1 )
其中，Energy_Recovered是确定的总的能量回收率；
Re generative_Braking_Energy是通过操作再生制动系统所回收的总的再生能量；
Total_Braking_Energy是驾驶员要求的总的制动能量。
参考等式(1)，控制器54可利用接收到的多个感测到的和/或非感测到的输入来确定通过再生制动系统所回收的能量的量。例如，控制器54可接收指示在再生制动系统工作时电池48回收了多少能量的输入。此外，所要求的总的制动能量可利用与加速踏板60和/或制动系统58的操作相关的感测到的和/或非感测到的输入由控制器54来确定。
本公开还设想信息显示器66可包括可用于显示指示瞬时能量回收率的信息的瞬时能量回收指示器70。然而，如本领域的技术人员所熟知的是，通常，能量可被确定为一段时间内的累加功率。这样，瞬时能量回收率可能不是实际能量回收率，而更可能是作为再生功率或者扭矩被返回到电池的功率或者扭矩的瞬时值。本领域的技术人员已知的是，瞬时功率或扭矩对于时间的比率可直接影响总的能量回收指示器68。例如，控制器54可使用下列示例性等式来确定瞬时能量回收率：
IER = Regen _ Torque Regen _ Torque + Friction _ Torque - - - ( 2 )
其中，IER是确定的瞬时能量回收率；
Regen_Torque是车辆10的确定的再生扭矩；
Friction_Torque是车辆10的确定的摩擦扭矩。
如等式(2)所述，控制器54可将再生扭矩确定为多个感测到的和/或非感测到的输入的函数。例如，再生扭矩可使用指示车辆10的功率和加速度的信息来确定。可选地，再生扭矩可使用指示车辆10的功率和速度的信息来确定。
另外，控制器54可将摩擦扭矩确定为多个感测到的和/或非感测到的输入的函数。摩擦扭矩也可使用指示车辆10的功率和加速度的信息来确定。可选地，摩擦扭矩可使用指示车辆10的功率和速度的信息来确定。
然而，本公开设想使用的扭矩是不包括在内的，并且控制器54可将瞬时能量回收率确定为再生功率和摩擦功率、再生加速度和摩擦加速度或者再生力和摩擦力的函数。因此，控制器54可利用确定的再生扭矩、再生功率、再生加速度或者再生力中的至少一个以及确定的摩擦扭矩、摩擦功率、摩擦加速度或者摩擦力中的至少一个来确定瞬时能量回收率。如图所示，瞬时能量回收率也可以以百分比的形式提供。
本公开还设想当没有应用制动系统时，瞬时能量回收指示器70可显示最大瞬时能量回收率。此外，瞬时能量回收指示器70可保持在最大瞬时能量回收率直到再生制动能量达到最大和/或者操作摩擦制动系统。
例如，如果驾驶员没有操作制动系统58，则瞬时能量回收指示器70可指示100％的瞬时能量回收率。此外，当施加制动时，瞬时能量回收指示器70可保持在100％的比值直到使用再生制动系统回收的能量的量已经达到最大并且摩擦制动系统开始作用。
如图2中进一步示出的，只要瞬时能量回收率超过总的能量回收率，瞬时能量回收指示器70便可显示并保持在总的能量回收指示器68之上。只要瞬时能量回收率超过总的能量回收率，总的能量回收率便将随时间而增大。然而，如图3中所示，如果瞬时能量回收率没有超过总的能量回收率，则瞬时能量回收指示器70可等于或低于总的能量回收指示器68。
本公开设想由于可能导致较低的FE的紧急驱动和/或制动，所以总的能量回收指示器68和瞬时能量回收指示器70可能显示指示效率低的车辆操作的信息。例如，如果驾驶员使车辆10紧急减速，则总的能量回收指示器68和/或瞬时能量回收指示器70可能开始下降，以便指示在驾驶员要求的总的制动能量之外的较低百分比的能量正在被回收。这可能是由于当更加紧急地制动时，不断增加摩擦制动系统的应用以适应总的制动需求。通过向驾驶员指示总的能量回收率和/或瞬时能量回收率正在下降，驾驶员可开始理解车辆10的紧急操作可如何影响FE。通过理解如何将有效的制动与更大量的能量回收相关联，驾驶员可修正车辆10的操作，以便提高车辆10的FE。
图4示出简化的示例性流程图100，该流程图100示出了可如何确定瞬时能量回收率和/或总的能量回收率。然而，应该注意的是，图4中所示的流程图100仅仅是示例性的，方法的操作、功能或者步骤可以以不同于此处所描述的顺序的形式执行。
参照操作102，可接收对应于车辆10的当前的操作状态的任何数量的感测到的和/或非感测到的输入。这些接收的输入可被控制器54用来确定车辆10的总的能量回收率和/或瞬时能量回收率。例如，这些感测到的和/或非感测到的车辆输入可包括：车辆10的总体速度或加速度；车辆10当前的瞬时FE；指示再生制动系统何时起作用的信号；指示施加于车辆10的摩擦制动水平的信号；指示施加于车辆10的再生制动水平的信号；或者，车辆10的减速力。一旦感测到的和/或非感测到的输入被控制器54接收，流程图100便进行到操作104。
在操作104中，控制器54可确定车辆是否正在减速。本领域的普通技术人员会设想车辆10的减速可不必通过减速车辆10来指示，而可通过使用可影响车辆10的运动的系统。例如，如果正在操作制动系统58(例如，摩擦制动系统和/或再生制动系统)，则控制器54可确定车辆10正在减速。可选地，即使当车辆10正在加速，控制器54也可确定是否正在操作制动系统58。本公开设想由于外部影响作用在车辆10上(例如，由于车辆在下坡路面或者山坡上行驶而使车辆10正在加速时的制动系统58的操作)，这样的操作状态可能会发生。如果驾驶员没有使车辆10减速，则流程图100会返回至操作102。但是，如果驾驶员正在使车辆减速，则流程图100进行到操作106。
在操作106中，控制器54可确定是否正在操作再生制动系统。可选地，在操作106中，控制器54可确定是否正在以总的能量回收率和/或瞬时能量回收率处于最小值或零值(即，百分比)这样的方式操作车辆10。本公开设想当没有操作再生制动系统时，这样的操作状态可能会发生。如果控制器54确定没有操作再生制动系统或者总的能量回收率和/或瞬时能量回收率处于最小值或者零值，则流程图100返回至操作102。但是，如果控制器54确定正在操作再生制动系统或者总的能量回收率和/或瞬时能量回收率不是处于最小值或零值，则流程图100可进行到操作108。
在操作108中，控制器54可确定使用再生制动系统所回收的能量的量。例如，如果控制器54确定已启动摩擦制动系统，则能量回收率可较低。由于驾驶员所要求的制动功率的量超过了再生制动系统的制动能力，所以控制器54可确定能量回收率可较低。一旦控制器54确定了由再生制动系统所回收的能量的量(即，百分比)，流程图100便进行到操作110。
在操作110中，控制器54可发送指示能量回收率的信号，从而使显示系统64可基于能量回收率来调节能量指示器。更具体地讲，控制器54可发送指示瞬时能量回收率和/或总的能量回收率的信号，从而使显示系统64可基于瞬时能量回收率和/或总的能量回收率来调节总的瞬时能量回收指示器68和/或瞬时能量回收指示器70。
尽管已经详细描述了实施本发明的最佳方式，但是熟悉本发明所涉及的领域的人员将认识到可实施由权利要求限定的本发明的各种可选设计和实施例。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于车辆的显示系统，包括：
包括能量回收指示器的信息显示器；
控制器，该控制器被配置成：
至少部分基于与制动系统相关的信息来确定能量回收率；
传送指示能量回收率的信号，以便信息显示器基于该能量回收率显示能量回收指示器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统，还包括包含摩擦制动系统和再生制动系统的制动系统。
3.根据权利要求2所述的显示系统，其中，控制器还被配置成确定制动系统何时使用再生制动系统来使车辆减速。
4.根据权利要求3所述的显示系统，其中，控制器还被配置成接收指示在车辆减速过程中使用再生制动系统回收的能量的量以及再生制动系统和摩擦制动系统需要的制动能量的总量的信息。
5.根据权利要求4所述的显示系统，其中，能量回收率基于使用再生制动系统回收的能量的量和需要的制动能量的总量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的显示系统，其中，能量回收率是回收的能量的量与需要的制动能量的总量之比。
7.根据权利要求5所述的显示系统，其中，需要的制动能量的总量部分基于加速踏板位置和制动踏板位置。
8.根据权利要求5所述的显示系统，其中，由能量回收指示器所显示的能量回收率是在预定的时间段内的平均值。
9.根据权利要求5所述的显示系统，其中，由能量回收指示器所显示的能量回收率是在车辆所行驶的距离内的平均值。
10.根据权利要求4所述的显示系统，其中，能量回收率与由再生制动系统用于使车辆减速所使用的总的制动扭矩的瞬时值相对应。
11.根据权利要求4所述的显示系统，其中，能量回收率与施加到再生制动系统用于使车辆减速的总的制动功率的瞬时值相对应。
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