CN101984781A - Organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield - Google Patents

Organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101984781A
CN101984781A CN 201010547897 CN201010547897A CN101984781A CN 101984781 A CN101984781 A CN 101984781A CN 201010547897 CN201010547897 CN 201010547897 CN 201010547897 A CN201010547897 A CN 201010547897A CN 101984781 A CN101984781 A CN 101984781A
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organic
application
fertilizer
waxy corn
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CN101984781B (en
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王占哲
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield and relates to a fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield. The problem that lack of scientific and quantitative fertilization leads to low yield and low soil fertility due to insufficient fertilizer or imbalanced soil nutrient abundance due to excess of fertilizer in the process of applying organic fertilizers during the conventional plantation of the special waxy corn is solved. The application method is that an organic fertilizer source is subjected to curing treatment, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the first year is 6*104 to 10*104kg per square hectometer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the second year is 2*104 to 3.5*104kg per square hectometer, the mass ratio of the application amount in the third year to that in the second year is 0.98-1:1, and the application amount per year in the future is the same as that in the third year. Compared with the conventional fertilizer application method of the same kind, the method has the advantages that: the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients can be improved by 11 to 17 percent, the residue of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil is reduced by 37.0 to 51.2 percent per year, and the yield of fresh ear is improved by 6.5 to 8 percent.

Description

A kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer application process that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
Background technology
At present, in the research report at extraordinary (glutinous) corn, mostly belong to and using screening varieties, colony's regulation and control, interval sowing under the chemical fertilizer prerequisite, heating culture techniques such as plantation, variety matching, do not see that technical research and technology that special application of organic fertilizers technical elements is arranged promote.Which kind of fertilizer extraordinary (glutinous) corn of plantation use, it is more suitable to use much amounts, do not have the otherwise effective technique scheme.Therefore, the peasant is by general knowhow application of organic fertilizers, owing to lack the scientific quantitative analysis fertilising, often occurs because the deficiency of applying fertilizer causes output not high, and causes soil fertility to descend; Perhaps dose is excessive, causes soil nutrient surplus imbalance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is when solving the extraordinary waxy corn application of organic fertilizers of existing plantation, owing to lack the scientific quantitative analysis fertilising, appearance because of the deficiency of applying fertilizer cause output not high, cause soil fertility to descend, perhaps dose is excessive, cause the problem of soil nutrient surplus imbalance, the invention provides a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output.
A kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output of the present invention, realize by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is a kind of in pig manure, cow and bullock manure and the bacterium slag fertilizer or several mixture wherein; Two, First Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 6 * 10 4~10 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Three, Second Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 2 * 10 4~3.5 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic manure application rate of control organic manure application rate and Second Year is 0.98~1: 1, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the method for the application of organic fertilizers that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
The maturation process mode of organic fertilizer resource is in the step 1 of the present invention: the natural packing fermentation, next year use.The maturation process mode of organic fertilizer resource can also be biological multiple fermentation, adds biologic product, the use of can becoming thoroughly decomposed through 15~20 days, and wherein the consumption of biologic product is that organic fertilizer resource per ton adds 1kg.The maturation process mode of organic fertilizer resource can also for: in the winter time organic fertilizer resource is piled up, and Heat artificially to 10~20 ℃, under 10~20 ℃ of conditions, ferment to spring break, using front 20~30 days then, the fertilizer of piling up was stirred once every 5 days getting final product.
The application process of fertilizer is among the present invention: the machine sowing plot, take man-machine in conjunction with way, fertile in conjunction with whole alley body folder.The application process of fertilizer can also be artificial hole kind plot, takes hand to grab a fertile way, in conjunction with sowing dibble application.The application process of fertilizer can also be the continuous fertilization plot, evenly looses at whole front field face and executes.
Among the present invention the amount of application in 1 year of fertilizer be after 2~4 times of annual fertilizing amount.
Adopt the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention, not only improve the fertilizer plant recovery of nutrient, promote soil to use and support balance, and can improve the bright fringe output of extraordinary waxy corn.Compare with equal conventional fertilizer application, the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention can improve 11~17 percentage points of npk nutrient availabilitys, and the annual balance amount 37.0%~51.2% of npk nutrient in soil that reduce increases bright fringe output 6.5%~8.0%.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output, the organic fertilizer application method realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is a kind of in pig manure, cow and bullock manure and the bacterium slag fertilizer or several mixture wherein; Two, First Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 6 * 10 4~10 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Three, Second Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 2 * 10 4~3.5 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic manure application rate of control organic manure application rate and Second Year is 0.98~1: 1, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the method for the application of organic fertilizers that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
When organic fertilizer resource is wherein several mixture in the present embodiment, with any than mixing.Nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio in the present embodiment in the organic fertilizer resource is constant before and after maturation process.
The amount of application of the annual fertilizer of present embodiment is to support the feature of utilizing according to fertilizer, uses minimum nutrient limiting factor theory, takes the method for coefficient weighting, arithmetric mean, mathematical product, and optimization screens.
Adopt the method for the application of organic fertilizers of present embodiment, not only improve the fertilizer plant recovery of nutrient, promote soil to use and support balance, and can improve the bright fringe output of extraordinary waxy corn.Compare with equal conventional fertilizer application, the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention can improve 11~17 percentage points of npk nutrient availabilitys, and the annual balance amount 37.0%~51.2% of npk nutrient in soil that reduce increases bright fringe output 6.5%~8%.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different be in the step 1 organic fertilizer resource to be that pig manure, pig manure and bacterium slag are fertile mix fertile or pig manure and cow and bullock manure mix fertile.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Pig manure and bacterium slag are fertile in the present embodiment mixes that the mass ratio of pig manure and bacterium slag fertilizer is 1: 1.25 in the fertilizer; The mass ratio of pig manure and cow and bullock manure is 1: 1.25 in pig manure and the cow and bullock manure mixing fertilizer.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different with embodiment one or two is that maturation process described in the step 1 is: natural heap fermentation, next year use.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
The fertilizer that obtains after the present embodiment maturation process is pitchy, and is soft, no stink.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different with embodiment one or two is that maturation process described in the step 1 is: biological multiple fermentation, add biologic product, the use of can becoming thoroughly decomposed through 15~20 days, wherein the consumption of biologic product is that organic fertilizer resource per ton adds 1kg.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
The fertilizer that obtains after the present embodiment maturation process is pitchy, and is soft, no stink.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment and embodiment four were different is that biologic product is a ferment bacterium.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with embodiment one or two is that maturation process described in the step 1 is: in the winter time organic fertilizer resource is piled up, and manually be heated to 10~20 ℃, under 10~20 ℃ of conditions, ferment to spring break, using preceding 20~30 days then, the fertilizer of piling up was stirred once every 5 days getting final product.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one or two.
Using front 20~30 days in the present embodiment, the fertilizer of piling up was stirred the suction that once can increase solar radiation heat energy every 5 days, organic fertilizer resource is become thoroughly decomposed fully.
The fertilizer that obtains after the present embodiment maturation process is pitchy, and is soft, no stink.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: the machine sowing plot, take man-machine in conjunction with way, fertile in conjunction with whole alley body folder.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to six.
The specific embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to six is that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: artificial hole kind plot, take hand to grab fertile way, in conjunction with the sowing dibble application.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: the continuous fertilization plot, and evenly loose at preceding field face wholely and to execute.Other step and parameter are identical with one of embodiment one to six.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment is a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output, the organic fertilizer application method realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is pig manure; Two, First Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 63673kg/hm 2Three, Second Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 21449kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, sowing front 3 days of waxy corn, to the plot organic fertilizer, the ratio of the organic manure application rate of control organic manure application rate and Second Year is 1: 1, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the method for the application of organic fertilizers that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
In the present embodiment the 3rd year and after annual organic manure application rate be 21449kg/hm 2Maturation process is according to a kind of the carrying out described in embodiment three, embodiment four and the embodiment six in the present embodiment step 1.The application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 gets final product according to one of embodiment seven to nine.
Adopt the method for the application of organic fertilizers of present embodiment, not only improve the fertilizer plant recovery of nutrient, promote soil to use and support balance, and can improve the bright fringe output of extraordinary waxy corn.Compare with equal conventional fertilizer application, the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention can improve 11.3 percentage points of npk nutrient utilization rates, and the annual balance amount 37.0% of npk nutrient in soil that reduce increases bright fringe output 6.5%.
The specific embodiment 11: present embodiment is a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output, the organic fertilizer application method realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is the fertile fertilizer that mixes of pig manure and bacterium slag, and wherein the mass ratio of pig manure and bacterium slag fertilizer is 1: 1.25; Two, First Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 76175kg/hm 2Three, Second Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 32026kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, sowing front 3 days of waxy corn, to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 31584kg/hm 2, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the organic fertilizer application method that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
The mass ratio of the organic manure application rate of the organic manure application rate in the 3rd year and Second Year is 0.986: 1 in the present embodiment, and the 4th year reaches afterwards annual organic manure application rate is 31584kg/hm 2Maturation process is according to a kind of the carrying out described in embodiment three, embodiment four and the embodiment six in the present embodiment step 1.The application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 gets final product according to one of embodiment seven to nine.
Adopt the method for the application of organic fertilizers of present embodiment, not only improve the fertilizer plant recovery of nutrient, promote soil to use and support balance, and can improve the bright fringe output of extraordinary waxy corn.Compare with equal conventional fertilizer application, the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention can improve 17.0 percentage points of npk nutrient utilization rates, and the annual balance amount 51.2% of npk nutrient in soil that reduce increases bright fringe output 7.9%.
The specific embodiment 12: present embodiment is a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output, the organic fertilizer application method realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is that pig manure and cow and bullock manure mix fertilizer, and wherein the mass ratio of pig manure and cow and bullock manure is 1: 1.25; Two, First Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 97273kg/hm 2Three, Second Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 21228kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, sowing front 3 days of waxy corn, to the plot organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic manure application rate of control organic manure application rate and Second Year is 1: 1, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the organic fertilizer application method that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
In the present embodiment the 3rd year and after annual organic manure application rate be 21228kg/hm 2Maturation process is according to a kind of the carrying out described in embodiment three, embodiment four and the embodiment six in the present embodiment step 1.The application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 gets final product according to one of embodiment seven to nine.
Adopt the method for the application of organic fertilizers of present embodiment, not only improve the fertilizer plant recovery of nutrient, promote soil to use and support balance, and can improve the bright fringe output of extraordinary waxy corn.Compare with equal conventional fertilizer application, the method for application of organic fertilizers of the present invention can improve 13.2 percentage points of npk nutrient utilization rates, and the annual balance amount 43.5% of npk nutrient in soil that reduce increases bright fringe output 7.3%.

Claims (10)

1. method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output, the method that it is characterized in that improving the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is a kind of in pig manure, cow and bullock manure and the bacterium slag fertilizer or several mixture wherein; Two, First Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 6 * 10 4~10 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Three, Second Year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, control organic manure application rate be 2 * 10 4~3.5 * 10 4Kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, the sowing waxy corn before 1~3 day, to the plot organic fertilizer, the ratio of the organic manure application rate of control organic manure application rate and Second Year is 0.98~1: 1, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the organic fertilizer application method that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
2. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 is characterized in that organic fertilizer resource is that the fertile fertilizer or pig manure and cow and bullock manure of mixing of pig manure, pig manure and bacterium slag mixes fertile in the step 1.
3. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that maturation process described in the step 1 is: natural heap fermentation, next year use.
4. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that maturation process described in the step 1 is: biological multiple fermentation, add biologic product, the use of can becoming thoroughly decomposed through 15~20 days, wherein the consumption of biologic product is that organic fertilizer resource per ton adds 1kg.
5. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 4 is characterized in that biologic product is a ferment bacterium.
6. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that maturation process described in the step 1 is: in the winter time organic fertilizer resource is piled up, and manually be heated to 10~20 ℃, under 10~20 ℃ of conditions, ferment to spring break, using preceding 20~30 days then, the fertilizer of piling up was stirred once every 5 days getting final product.
7. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: the machine sowing plot, take man-machine in conjunction with way, fertile in conjunction with whole alley body folder.
8. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: artificial hole kind plot, take hand to grab, in conjunction with the sowing dibble application fertile way.
9. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the application process to the plot organic fertilizer described in step 2, step 3 and the step 4 is: the continuous fertilization plot, evenly loose at preceding field face wholely and to execute.
10. a kind of method that improves the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output according to claim 1, the method that it is characterized in that improving the application of organic fertilizers of extraordinary waxy corn output realizes by following steps: one, organic fertilizer resource is carried out maturation process, after the control slaking in the fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium mass ratio be 1: 0.5: 0.8, after the control slaking in the fertilizer water content be 35% (quality)~42% (quality), wherein organic fertilizer resource is the fertile fertilizer that mixes of pig manure and bacterium slag, and wherein the mass ratio of pig manure and bacterium slag fertilizer is 1: 1.25; Two, First Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 76175kg/hm 2Three, Second Year is being sowed front 3 days of waxy corn, and to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 32026kg/hm 2Four, the 3rd year, sowing front 3 days of waxy corn, to the plot organic fertilizer, the control organic manure application rate is 31584kg/hm 2, annual organic manure application rate is identical with the 3rd year amount of application afterwards, finishes the method for the application of organic fertilizers that improves extraordinary waxy corn output.
CN2010105478971A 2010-11-17 2010-11-17 Organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield Expired - Fee Related CN101984781B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104813824A (en) * 2015-03-31 2015-08-05 广西大学 Plantation method for improving yield of waxy corns
CN106612845A (en) * 2016-12-04 2017-05-10 西北农林科技大学 Method for applying organic fertilizer to farmland and application thereof
CN110140502A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-08-20 西北农林科技大学 A method of improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
《现代农业》 20100228 戴志铖 施肥量对糯玉米青食果穗氨基酸与可溶性糖的影响 , 第2期 2 *
《种子科技》 20070531 张乃雄 糯玉米丰产栽培技术 全文 1-10 , 2 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104813824A (en) * 2015-03-31 2015-08-05 广西大学 Plantation method for improving yield of waxy corns
CN106612845A (en) * 2016-12-04 2017-05-10 西北农林科技大学 Method for applying organic fertilizer to farmland and application thereof
CN106612845B (en) * 2016-12-04 2020-03-24 西北农林科技大学 Method for applying organic fertilizer to farmland and application thereof
CN110140502A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-08-20 西北农林科技大学 A method of improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency
CN110140502B (en) * 2019-06-10 2022-03-01 西北农林科技大学 Method for improving utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer of dry-land corn

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