CN110140502A - A method of improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency - Google Patents
A method of improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140502A CN110140502A CN201910497979.0A CN201910497979A CN110140502A CN 110140502 A CN110140502 A CN 110140502A CN 201910497979 A CN201910497979 A CN 201910497979A CN 110140502 A CN110140502 A CN 110140502A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, principally fall into crop planting technical field.Specifically includes the following steps: before corn seeding, select water soluble phosphorous fertilizer, physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer, according to the reasonable nitrogen of application, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer needed for corn growth, corn is using double furrow film mulch mode cultivations, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer impose in the ridge lateral sulcus of cultivation mode, and in corn growth jointing stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, harvest in due course.Chemical phosphatic ferfilizer usage amount can be effectively reduced using quantitative located fertilization technology in this implantation methods, improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, maintain corn yield constant, increase the economic benefit of grower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention principally falls into crop planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of reduction phosphate fertilizer use raising corn on dry land
The method of phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Background technique
Phosphorus is the indispensable essential nutrient element of plant growth, is the important foundation that corn yield is formed；Because phosphorus element is easy
It is fixed, phosphate fertilizer is widely used, and China farmland per hectare average dose has reached 120 kg P2O5More than, far more than farming
The actual demand of object is that world's phosphate fertilizer is averaged usage amount (30 kg P2O5/ ha) 4 times or more, lead to the fast of phosphorus element ore resource
Speed consumption, has seriously affected research and development and the use of phosphate fertilizer.
Northern China main maize area is mainly distributed on calacareous soil area, the high pH of calacareous soil, high-carbon phosphate content,
The factors such as low soil organic matter content, soil moisture shortage seriously affect effective use of fertilizer phosphorus, in order to obtain high yield, agriculture
The people have to largely use phosphate fertilizer, and then the utilization efficiency for resulting in phosphate fertilizer is low (10.7%), and far below international average it is horizontal (>
20%).
Long-term a large amount of phosphate fertilizer uses lead to a large amount of phosphorus element of Soil accumulation, according to statistics since 1980, at present I
State's agricultural land soil phosphorus element cumulant has had reached 2000 kg P2O5/ ha or more, the available phosphorus content in soil have reached 25
Mg/kg or more theoretically can satisfy the demand of plant growth in 5~12 years, this provides base to reduce chemical phosphatic ferfilizer usage amount
Plinth.
Northwest nonirrigated farmland is important agricultural production area, China, Model on Sown Areas of Farm 2014 more than 16,540,000 hectares, phosphorus
Fertile usage amount has been more than 1,680,000 tons of (P2O5), wherein corn seeding area reaches 339.1 ten thousand hectares, accounts for the 9.1% of national area.
Phosphate fertilizer is unreasonable using the consumption for exacerbating phosphate fertilizer resource in maize production, and the phosphorus element of accumulation in the soil is also because of water and soil stream
It loses and enters water body, cause the pollution of area source and water eutrophication of phosphorus element.Currently, there are some technologies in practice in maize production
The effective use of corn with high yield and phosphate fertilizer may be implemented, but also lack the effective a whole set of technical solution of one kind and method.Cause
This reduces the chemical phosphatic ferfilizer usage amount in the region maize production, effectively improves it is necessary to provide a kind of more suitable method
Phosphate fertilizer utilizes effect, not only Ensuring Food Safety, but also country can be pushed to realize the plan of chemical fertilizer zero growth rate.
Summary of the invention
Excessive, the problem for causing phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency low, in combination with soil for northwest corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer usage amount
The reality that available phosphorus content greatly improves than before, the present invention provide a kind of reduction chemical phosphatic ferfilizer usage amount in corn on dry land plantation
With the method for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency.The present invention by reasonably select fertilizer amount and kind, full film double-furrow seeding technique,
Fertilizer positions application technique, and chemical phosphatic ferfilizer usage amount can be effectively reduced, and improves phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, maintains corn yield.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a method of corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved,
Be characterized in that, this method specifically includes the following steps:
1) it determines fertilizer amount: nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer is determined according to production area weather conditions and corn target output, i.e., it is sharp
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are determined multiplied by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilising coefficient with corn target output；
2) site preparation: corn broadcast before according to the Potassium Fertilizer with spreading fertilizer over the fields potash fertilizer back spin smooth field, and covered according to corn double-ridge ditch
Film cultivation mode carries out ridging；
3) apply fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer of half dosage, whole phosphate fertilizer are applied ridge by the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer amount determined according to the step 1)
In lateral sulcus, depth is 10 cm；
4) overlay film: use width for 150 cm, with a thickness of soil between the covering with ground sheeting ridge of 0.01 mm and ridge, and cover on film few
Amount soil is with press mold, radix saposhnikoviae；
5) it sows: the superior corn kind of selection is sowed in ridge side；
6) in the corn jointing stage, the nitrogenous fertilizer of the other half dosage top dressing: is imposed by maize root system；
7) it field management: according to the watering of local climate condition, weeding, harvests in due course.
Further, the phosphate fertilizer is any one of water soluble phosphorous fertilizer calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate；The nitrogenous fertilizer
It is water physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium sulfate.
Further, the phosphate fertilizer that reduces uses the method specific steps for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency are as follows:
1) it determines fertilizer amount: determining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage according to production area weather conditions and corn target output, that is, utilize
Corn target output determines dosage multiplied by N P and K fertilising coefficient.Wherein nitrogen fertilising coefficient is 0.025, and phosphorus fertilising coefficient is
0.008, potassium fertilising coefficient is 0.011.
2) site preparation: corn spreads fertilizer over the fields according to the Potassium Fertilizer before broadcasting and revolves smooth field using agricultural machinery after potash fertilizer, and according to
Corn double-ridge ditch plastic-film-covered cultivation mode carries out ridging, i.e., is center ridging at the 80th cm on every meter wide of plot, and ridge is high by 20
Cm, 100 cm of ridge spacing.
3) it applies fertilizer: applying the nitrogenous fertilizer of half dosage, whole phosphate fertilizer in the lateral sulcus of ridge according to the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer amount, it is deep
Degree is 10 cm.
4) overlay film: use width for soil between ridge and ridge described in 150 cm, the covering with ground sheeting with a thickness of 0.01 mm, and on ridge
A small amount of soil is covered on side form with press mold, radix saposhnikoviae.
5) it sows: superior corn kind is selected, using agricultural hand-held formula corn seeder in ridge side seeding corn, line-spacing 40
Or 60 cm, spacing in the rows are 27~31 cm, thickness of sowing per hectare 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plant.
6) it top dressing: in corn jointing to big bell mouth stage, is chased after by maize root system using agricultural hand-held formula fertilizer manure distributing apparatus
Apply the nitrogenous fertilizer of the other half dosage.
7) field management: following local best field management, and timely weeding harvests in due course.
A kind of method beneficial effect for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of the present invention is: the present invention is by rationally selecting
Fertilizer amount and kind, double furrow plastic-film-covered cultivation technologies, fertilizer positioning application technique are selected, can be effectively reduced in maize production chemical
40% or more phosphate fertilizer usage amount improves 20% or more phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of operational flowchart for the method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of sowing structural schematic diagram for the method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of invention are more clearly understood, below with reference to embodiment, to the present invention into one
The detailed description of step.
Embodiment 1
A method of improve corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, this method specifically includes the following steps:
1) it determines fertilizer amount: nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer is determined according to production area weather conditions and corn target output, i.e., it is sharp
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are determined multiplied by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilising coefficient with corn target output；
2) site preparation: corn broadcast before according to the Potassium Fertilizer with spreading fertilizer over the fields potash fertilizer back spin smooth field, and covered according to corn double-ridge ditch
Film cultivation mode carries out ridging；
3) apply fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer of half dosage, whole phosphate fertilizer are applied ridge by the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer amount determined according to the step 1)
In lateral sulcus, depth is 10 cm；
4) overlay film: use width for 150 cm, with a thickness of soil between the covering with ground sheeting ridge of 0.01 mm and ridge, and cover on film few
Amount soil is with press mold, radix saposhnikoviae；
5) it sows: the superior corn kind of selection is sowed in ridge side；
6) in the corn jointing stage, the nitrogenous fertilizer of the other half dosage top dressing: is imposed by maize root system；
7) it field management: according to the watering of local climate condition, weeding, harvests in due course.
The fertilising coefficient of nitrogen described in step 1) is 0.025, and phosphorus fertilising coefficient is 0.008, and potassium fertilising coefficient is 0.011.
Ridging method described in step 2 be center ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, ridge at the 80th cm on every meter wide of plot
100 cm of spacing.
Seeding corn method described in step 3) be line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows be 31 cm, 6.5 ten thousand plants of thickness of sowing per hectare.
Test example 1
This example is tested in, in 2017 in 2018 in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province.Experimental field soil property is as follows: soil is organic
16.5 g/kg of matter content, 10.5 mg/kg of available phosphorus contents, 15.5 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content, 133 mg/ of quick-acting potassium content
Kg, pH8.25,1.25 g/cm of bulk density3.Specific content of the test is as follows:
Field experiment sets four processing altogether: control (not applying phosphate fertilizer), peasant household's mode (apply 120 kg P of phosphorus2O5/ ha, fertilising side
Formula is to spread fertilizer over the fields), subtract phosphorus Optimizing Mode 1(and applies 72 kg P of phosphorus2O5/ ha, fertilization mode are row replacement), subtract phosphorus Optimizing Mode 2(and apply phosphorus 72
kg P2O5/ ha, nitrogenous fertilizer substitute urea with ammonium sulfate, and fertilization mode is row replacement).Nitrogenous fertilizer (urea or sulphur is administered simultaneously in each processing
Sour ammonium) 225 kg N/ha, 100 kg K of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate)2O/ha.It is beautiful that each processing is all made of double furrow film mulch mode plantations
Rice.It is repeated 3 times, random district's groups arrangement.Corn is sowed between -30 days on the 25th annual April, is harvested within September -30 days on the 25th.
This test is using the operating process of Fig. 1 and the sowing structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2, the specific steps are as follows:
1) it determines fertilizer amount: according to production area weather conditions, determining that corn target output is 9 t/ha, and then according to fertilising
Coefficient determines that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage is respectively 225 kg N/ha of nitrogenous fertilizer, 72 kg P of phosphate fertilizer2O5/ ha, 100 kg K of potash fertilizer2O/ha。
2) site preparation: corn utilizes agricultural machinery to revolve smooth field before broadcasting.
3) apply fertilizer: in control and peasant household's mode treatment, disposably whole bases are applied for phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer half dosage conduct
Base manure, fertilization mode are to spread fertilizer over the fields.Subtract in the processing of phosphorus Optimizing Mode 1, potash fertilizer is all used as base manure, nitrogenous fertilizer half dosage (122.5
Kg N/ha) it is used as base manure, it spreads fertilizer over the fields.Subtract in the processing of phosphorus Optimizing Mode 2, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base manure disposably to spread fertilizer over the fields and apply
Enter soil, nitrogenous fertilizer base manure is applied according to half dosage (122.5 kg N/ha).Except the nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to be applied in the lateral sulcus of ridge
Outside, all fertilizer that spread fertilizer over the fields are mixed with soil.
4) ridging, fertilising and overlay film: and according to corn double-ridge ditch plastic-film-covered cultivation mode carry out ridging, 100 cm of ridge spacing,
It is center ridging at the 80th cm i.e. on every meter wide of plot.After ridging, by the phosphate fertilizer for subtracting phosphorus Optimizing Mode 1, subtract phosphorus optimization mould
Nitrogenous fertilizer (half of whole dosages) in the processing of formula 2 applies in the lateral sulcus of ridge respectively, 10 cm of depth, earthing.Then use width for
Soil between ridge and ridge described in 150 cm, the covering with ground sheeting with a thickness of 0.01 mm, and cover on the side form of ridge a small amount of soil with press mold,
Radix saposhnikoviae.
5) it sows: selecting superior corn kind (first jade 335), it is beautiful in the sowing of ridge side using agricultural hand-held formula corn seeder
Rice, line-spacing 40 or 60 cm, spacing in the rows 31cm, 6.5 ten thousand plants/ha of density.
6) field management: field trial is managed according to local corn planting.
7) it top dressing: in corn jointing to big bell mouth stage, is chased after by maize root system using agricultural hand-held formula fertilizer manure distributing apparatus
Apply the nitrogenous fertilizer (122.5 kg N/ha) of the other half dosage.
8) harvest: according to being accustomed at that time, harvesting corn is surveyed and is produced, and is used as indoor chemical analysis according to test specification sampling
With.
As a result:
The sample acquired in above-mentioned test example 1, is analyzed, acquired results are as shown in table 1 using conventional method:
Influence of 1 phosphate fertilizer of the table optimization application test to corn yield and phosphate fertilizer effect
From table 1 it follows that being compared to peasant household's mode treatment, chemical phosphatic ferfilizer dosage can reduced by subtracting the processing of phosphorus Optimizing Mode
Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is dramatically increased on the basis of 40%, wherein wilfully force of labor improves 38.8~74% to phosphate fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer recycles effect
Rate improves 40.6~103%, and corn yield and peasant household's mode are without significant difference.Illustrate that this method can substantially reduce chemistry
Phosphate fertilizer uses and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed
And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining ad hoc approach of the invention and its actually answering
With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of improve corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency method, which is characterized in that this method specifically includes the following steps:
1) it determines fertilizer amount: nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer is determined according to production area weather conditions and corn target output, i.e., it is sharp
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are determined multiplied by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilising coefficient with corn target output；
2) site preparation: corn broadcast before according to the Potassium Fertilizer with spreading fertilizer over the fields potash fertilizer back spin smooth field, and covered according to corn double-ridge ditch
Film cultivation mode carries out ridging；
3) apply fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer of half dosage, whole phosphate fertilizer are applied ridge by the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer amount determined according to the step 1)
In lateral sulcus, depth is 10 cm；
4) overlay film: use width for 150 cm, with a thickness of soil between the covering with ground sheeting ridge of 0.01 mm and ridge, and cover on film few
Amount soil is with press mold, radix saposhnikoviae；
5) it sows: the superior corn kind of selection is sowed in ridge side；
6) in the corn jointing stage, the nitrogenous fertilizer of the other half dosage top dressing: is imposed by maize root system；
7) it field management: according to the watering of local climate condition, weeding, harvests in due course.
2. a kind of method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the phosphorus
Fertilizer is any one of water soluble phosphorous fertilizer calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate.
3. a kind of method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nitrogen
Fertilizer is water physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium sulfate.
4. a kind of method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1)
The nitrogen fertilising coefficient is 0.025, and phosphorus fertilising coefficient is 0.008, and potassium fertilising coefficient is 0.011.
5. a kind of method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2
The ridging method be center ridging, high 20 cm in ridge, 100 cm of ridge spacing at the 80th cm on every meter wide of plot.
6. a kind of method for improving corn on dry land phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
5) the seeding corn method is 40~60 cm of line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is 27~31 cm, thickness of sowing per hectare 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plant.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101984781A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-03-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield |
| CN103771965A (en) * | 2013-09-28 | 2014-05-07 | 西南大学柑桔研究所 | Special fertilizer for navel oranges at red soil regions and precise-variable fertilizing method |
| CN108967079A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽省万果园农业科技发展有限公司 | A method of improving corn planting phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency |
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- 2019-06-10 CN CN201910497979.0A patent/CN110140502B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101984781A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-03-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Organic fertilizer application method for improving special waxy corn yield |
| CN103771965A (en) * | 2013-09-28 | 2014-05-07 | 西南大学柑桔研究所 | Special fertilizer for navel oranges at red soil regions and precise-variable fertilizing method |
| CN108967079A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽省万果园农业科技发展有限公司 | A method of improving corn planting phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 唐文雪等: "施磷量对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米产量土壤速效磷和磷肥利用率影响 ", 《干旱地区农业研究》 * |
| 李金彦: "氮、磷肥料不同施用量对玉米产量的影响 ", 《农业科技与信息》 * |
| 王立春: "充分发挥磷肥后效作用是实现玉米节本增效的重要举措 ", 《玉米科学》 * |
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