CN101981496B - 电光显示器 - Google Patents

电光显示器 Download PDF

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CN101981496B
CN101981496B CN2009801086967A CN200980108696A CN101981496B CN 101981496 B CN101981496 B CN 101981496B CN 2009801086967 A CN2009801086967 A CN 2009801086967A CN 200980108696 A CN200980108696 A CN 200980108696A CN 101981496 B CN101981496 B CN 101981496B
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CN101981496A (zh
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R·J·小鲍里尼
M·D·麦克克利亚
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Abstract

通过下面方法制造旨在使用触针或者类似装置进行书写的电光显示器：在电极上形成电光材料的层；在所述电光材料上沉积基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料；以及聚合所述可聚合的液态材料。

Description

电光显示器
本申请涉及：
(a)美国专利No.7,349,148；
(b)美国专利No.7,173,752；
(c)美国专利No.6,831,769；
(d)美国专利申请公开No.2005/0122563；
(e)美国专利No.7,012,735；以及
(f)美国专利No.7,110,164。
这里通过引用将上述专利及专利申请的全部内容包含在本发明中，并且下述所有美国专利以及公开且共同待审的申请的全部内容也将通过引用的方式包含在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电光显示器。更具体地说，本发明涉及用于生产基于触针的以及类似的电光显示器的方法。本发明尤其(但并不排他地)旨在用于包含封装的电泳介质的显示器。
背景技术
在美国专利No.7,012,600中详细地论述了关于电光显示器的领域的背景术语和状态，读者可参照该美国专利获得进一步的信息。因此，将本领域的术语和状态简要总结如下。
作为应用于材料或者显示器的术语“电光”，其在此使用的是在成像领域中的常规含义，指的是具有第一和第二显示状态的材料，该第一和第二显示状态的至少一个光学性质不同，通过向所述材料施加电场使该材料从其第一显示状态改变到第二显示状态。一些电光材料是固态的，该固态是指在该电光材料具有固态外表面的意义下的固态，尽管该材料可以并且通常具有内部的液态或者气体填充的空间。以下为了方便起见，可以将使用固态电光材料的这样的显示器称为“固态电光显示器”。因而，术语“固态电光显示器”包括旋转双色部件显示器，封装的电泳显示器，微单元电泳显示器以及封装的液晶显示器。
术语“双稳的”和“双稳定性”在此处使用其在本领域中的常规含义，是指包括具有第一和第二显示状态的显示元件的显示器，所述第一和第二显示状态至少有一种光学性质不同，从而在利用具有有限持续时间的寻址脉冲驱动任何给定元件以呈现其第一或第二显示状态之后，在该寻址脉冲终止后，该状态将持续至少几倍于(例如至少4倍于)改变该显示元件的状态所需的寻址脉冲最小持续时间的时间。
已知几种类型的电光显示器，例如：
(a)旋转双色部件显示器(例如参见美国专利No.5,808,783；5,777,782；5,760,761；6,054,071；6,055,091；6,097,531；6,128,124；6,137,467以及6,147,791)；
(b)电致变色显示器(例如参见O’Regan，B.等人的Nature 1991，353，737；Wood，D.的Information Display，18(3)，24(2002年3月)；Bach，U.等人的Adv.Mater.，2002，14(11)，845；以及美国专利No.6,301,038；6,870,657和6,950,220)；
(c)电湿润显示器(例如参见Hayes，R.A.等人在Nature，425，383-385(2003年9月25日)中发表的标题为“Video-Speed Electronic Paper Based onElectrowetting”一文以及美国专利公开No.2005/0151709)；
(d)基于粒子的电泳显示器，其中多个带电粒子在电池的影响下移动经过流体(参见美国专利No.5,930,026；5,961,804；6,017,584；6,067,185；6,118,426；6,120,588；6,120,839；6,124,851；6,130,773和6,130,774；美国专利申请公开No.2002/0060321；2002/0090980；2003/0011560；2003/0102858；2003/0151702；2003/0222315；2004/0014265；2004/0075634；2004/0094422；2004/0105036；2005/0062714和2005/0270261；以及国际专利申请公开No.WO00/38000；WO00/36560；WO00/67110和WO01/07961；以及欧洲专利No.1,099,207B1和1,145,072B1；以及在前述美国专利No.7,012,600中论述的其它MIT和E Ink的专利和申请)。
存在电泳介质的几种不同的变形。电泳介质可以使用液态或者气态流体；对于气态流体例如参见Kitamura，T.等人2001年在IDW Japan，PaperHCS1-1中发表的标题为“Electrical toner movement for electronic paper-likedisplay”以及Yamaguchi等人2001年在IDW Japan，Paper AMD4-4)中发表的标题为“Toner display using insulative particles charged triboelectrically”；美国专利公开No.2005/0001810；欧洲专利申请1,462,847；1,482,354；1,484,635；1,500,971；1,505,194；1,536,271；1,542,067；1,577,702；1,577,703和1,598,694；以及国际申请WO2004/090626；WO2004/079442以及WO2004/001498。介质可以为封装的，包含大量的小囊，每一个小囊本身包含内相以及环绕内相的囊壁，该内相包含悬浮在液体悬浮介质中的电泳移动粒子。典型地，这些囊本身被保持在聚合物粘合剂内以形成位于两个电极之间的粘附层(coherent layer)；参见上述的MIT和E Ink专利和申请。可替代地，在封装的电泳媒质中的围绕离散的微囊的壁囊可以由连续相代替，因而产生所谓的聚合物分散的电泳显示器，其中电泳介质包含电泳流体的多个离散的微滴以及聚合物材料的连续相；例如参加美国专利No.6,866,760。为了本申请的目的，将这样的聚合物分散的电泳介质看作是封装的电泳介质的子类。另一种变形是所谓的“微单元电泳显示器”，其中带电粒子和流体被保留在形成在载体介质内的多个腔内，该载体介质通常是聚合物膜；例如参见美国专利No.6,672,921和6,788,449。
封装的电泳显示器通常不遭受传统电泳设备的聚集和沉淀的失效模式并且具有另外的优点，例如可以在各种不同柔性和刚性衬底上印刷或者涂覆该显示器。(使用术语“印刷”旨在包括印刷和涂覆的所有形式，包括但并不局限于：预调式涂覆，例如小块模具型涂覆(patch die coating)的狭缝式或挤压式涂覆，坡流式或阶式涂覆，淋幕式涂覆；压辊涂覆，例如辊式刮刀涂覆、前向和反向辊涂覆；凹版印刷涂覆；浸渍涂覆；喷涂；弯液面涂覆；旋涂；刷涂；气刀涂覆；丝网印刷工艺；静电印刷工艺；热印刷工艺；喷墨印刷工艺，电泳沉积(参见美国专利No.7,339,715)；以及其它类似的技术)因而，所产生的显示器能够是柔性的。进而，由于可以印刷显示介质(使用各种方法)，能够便宜地制造显示器本身。
三层电光显示器的制造通常涉及至少一个层叠操作。例如，在几个前述的MIT和E Ink专利和申请中，描述了用于制造封装的电泳显示器的方法，其中囊封装的电泳介质被涂覆到柔性衬底上，该封装的电泳介质包括位于粘合剂中的囊，所述柔性衬底包括位于塑料膜上的铟锡氧化物(ITO)或者类似的导电涂覆(用作最终显示器的一个电极)，将所述囊/粘合剂涂覆烘干以形成紧固地粘结到衬底的电泳介质的粘附层。单独地制备背板，所述背板包括像素电极的阵列以及将所述像素电极连接到驱动电路的合适布局的导体。为了形成最终的显示器，使用层叠粘结剂将其上具有囊/粘合剂层的衬底层叠到背板。可以通过用一种非常类似的方法，即用诸如塑料膜的简单保护层替换背板，来制备使用触针或者其它可移动电极的电泳显示器，该触针或者其他可移动电极能够在所述简单保护层上滑动。在该方法的一种优选形式中，背板本身是柔性的并且通过在塑料膜或者其它柔性衬底上印刷像素电极和导体进行制备。对于通过该方法进行批量生产显示器，显见的层叠技术是使用层叠粘结剂的辊层叠。其它类型的电光显示器可以使用类似的制造技术。例如，可以按照与封装的电泳介质本质上相同的方式，将微单元电泳介质或者旋转双色部件介质层叠到背板。
本发明涉及所谓的“基于触针的显示器”。如上所述，大多数电光显示器由位于电光介质两侧上的固定电极构成。然而，已知(例如参见前述的美国专利No.6,473,072)电光显示器能够由仅位于电光介质的一侧上的固定电极构成，典型地位于与显示器的观看表面相对的侧上。需要在电光介质两端提供电场的另一电极具有能够相对于电光介质手动或者机械移动的触针，打印头或者类似的可移动装置的形式(这里使用术语“基于触针的显示器”以在广义上覆盖具有这种可移动电极的所有显示器，而不考虑可移动电极的确切性质，并且术语“触针”用于指代所有这样的可移动电极)。由于用户能够以与笔类似的方式操控可移动电极并且在显示器的观看表面上“书写”，这种基于触针的显示器除了别的以外可用于捕获包括签名的手写材料。
生产基于触针的显示器的一个问题是在电光介质和触针之间提供合适的层。许多电光介质易于受到机械损坏，并且当在电光显示器上进行书写时有些用户企图以手重方式握住触针，在此情况下需要在电光介质和触针之间提供足够厚且稳健的保护层以保护电光介质免受机械损坏。然而，由于这样的保护层存在于显示器的电极之间，在保护层两端存在压降，对于施加在电极之间的任何给定的工作电压，这一压降降低了电光介质本身两端的电压，并且因而降低了该介质的电光性能。尽管看起来通过使用高导电性的保护层能够最小化保护层两端的压降，但是保护层的电阻需要足够大以防止经过保护层的电流的横向流动(即电流在保护层的平面内的流动)，由于这样的电流的横向流动导致在基本上比触针的宽度宽的区域上电光介质的光学状态的改变，并且因而实际上“模糊”了通过在保护层上方移动触针产生的线条。
保护层两端的压降要求显示器的工作电压的明显增加以提供满意的电光性能。例如，当将由E Ink公司商业销售的封装的电泳介质用于具有两组固定电极的显示器中，以使得在电极之间仅存在电光介质以及(相对薄的)层叠粘结剂层时，该封装的电泳介质工作在15V。为了在基于触针的显示器中使用这样的电泳介质，到目前为止，使用诸如厚度为5-10密耳(127-254μm)的Pomalux SD-A(由Westlake Plastics Co.，P.O.Box 127，Lenni PA19052-0127制造的静态耗散的乙缩醇共聚物)的聚合物片已经被认为是必需的。这些聚合物片很硬，并且将显示器的所需工作电压增加到100-200V。这样的高工作电压的缺点在于，它们通常被用户认为是不安全(尽管实际上，电泳显示器所需的非常低的电流使得能够完全安全地使用这样的电压)。更重要的是，基于触针的显示器的一个主要应用是电子笔记本，其需要高度便携并且是电池供电。由电池产生100-200V的工作电压需要复杂而相对昂贵的电源电路，并且高电压使用如此多的功率而使得电池寿命不期望地变短。而且，由于在保护层内不可避免地存在电流的一些横向流动，使得由触针书写的线条不可避免地以保护层的厚度的某部分加宽，因此保护层的厚度降低了显示器的最大分辨率。
因此，需要一种用于基于触针的电光显示器的保护片，其能够在降低所需的工作电压的同时对电光介质提供充足的保护，而本发明寻求提供这样的保护层。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于制备电光显示器的方法，所述方法包括：
在电极上形成电光材料的层；
在所述电光材料的层上沉积基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料的层；
以及
将所述可聚合的液态材料暴露于能有效地使得所述材料发生聚合的条件下，从而形成位于所述电光材料的层上的聚合物层。
这样生产的显示器旨在利用触针(该术语在上面被广义限定)进行书写。在这样的方法中，所述可聚合的液体材料为可热固化的并且所述能有效地使得所述材料发生聚合的条件可以包含将所述液态材料加热到足以固化所述材料的高温度。可替代地，所述可聚合的液态材料为可辐射固化的并且所述能有效地使得所述材料发生聚合的条件可以包含使所述液态材料暴露于具有能有效地固化所述材料的波长的辐射下；熟悉无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料技术领域的普通技术人员将意识到，典型地，该聚合辐射是紫外线。所述可聚合的液态材料可以包含丙烯酸酯，聚氨酯丙烯酸酯混合物或者硅胶。
所述方法可以包括控制沉积在所述电光材料的层上的所述可聚合的液态材料的层的厚度。所述可聚合的液态材料的层的所述厚度可以通过刮墨刀或者压式涂覆进行控制。可替代地，所述可聚合的液态材料的层的所述厚度可以通过在聚合所述液态材料之前使所述液态材料的层与释放片接触并且在使得轧辊在所述片上经过来进行控制。
出于已解释的原因，期望将最终聚合物层的厚度保持尽可能的小，并实现对电光材料的良好保护。因此，所述聚合物层的厚度可以从大约6到大约250μm，并且优选地从大约8到大约50μm。在一些情况下，形成在电极上的电光材料的层具有不平整的暴露表面并且所述最终的聚合物层使所述电光材料的层平整以使得所述最终的聚合物层的暴露表面基本上是平整的。
在本方法中使用的电光材料可以是上面论述的任意类型。因而，例如，所述电光材料可以包含旋转双色部件或者电致变色材料。可替代地，所述电光材料可以包含电泳材料，所述电泳材料包含设置在流体中并且能够在电场的影响下移动经过所述流体的多个带电粒子。所述带电粒子和所述流体可以被限定在多个囊或者微单元内。可替代地，所述电泳材料可以是聚合物散布类型，所述带电粒子以及所述流体作为由包含聚合物材料的连续相围绕的多个离散微滴存在。所述流体可以是液态或者气态的。
本发明还提供一种能够通过触针成像的电光显示器，所述显示器包括：电极；设置在所述电极上的电光材料的层；以及位于所述电光材料的层上的聚合物层，所述聚合物层包含基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料的聚合产物。
附图说明
附图中的图1是表示在用于形成本发明的电光显示器的方法中向电光材料施加可聚合的液态材料的示意性侧视图。
图2是与图1类似的示意性侧视图，但是示出了使用释放片和辊来形成可聚合的液态材料的均匀层。
具体实施方式
如上所述，本发明涉及使用基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料(所谓的“100％固态”的单体或者低聚物)以在电光材料的层上方形成保护层，该保护层用于在使用触针或者类似的装置在显示器上书写时防止对电光材料的机械损坏。已经发现，使用基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料来形成这样的保护层缓解或者消除了上面论述的关于基于触针的显示器的问题；具体地说，使用这些可聚合的液态材料允许形成薄而坚硬的保护层，该保护层对商业的电光材料提供了充足的机械保护，但是却足够薄以使得与使用传统保护层的现有的基于触针的显示器相比大大降低了显示器的工作电压。实践中已经发现，本发明的显示器的工作电压能够比现有技术显示器的工作电压低80-90％。更薄的保护层也允许显示器的分辨率寻址更高并且能够制造基于触针的柔性显示器。
通过将电光材料层直接涂覆或者层叠到导电电极上可以形成本发明的基于触针的显示器(在许多情况下，特别是在电极需要是光透射的情况下，典型地需要将电极机械地支撑在衬底上，典型地是支撑在聚合物膜上；然而，由于合适的衬底对于电光显示器技术领域中的普通技术人员来说是公知的并且例如在前述的美国专利No.6,982,178中有所论述，这里将不再详细论述这样的衬底)。可聚合的液态材料可以用于形成显示器的观看或者非观看表面，更通常的是前者。显见的是，如果可聚合的液态材料要形成显示器的观看表面，则通过液态材料的聚合形成的聚合物层必须是光透射的，并且在这种情况下其上形成有电光材料层的电极可以是不透明的并且能够由诸如金属化聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)或者铝或者其它金属薄片的便宜导体形成。然而，如果其上形成有电光材料层的电极将包含显示器的观看表面，则该电极需要是光透射的，因此可以例如由铟锡氧化物(ITO)，CNT或者诸如聚噻吩的导电聚合物形成。
在本发明的方法中所使用的可聚合的液态材料在几种产业中被称为“硬涂材料”，例如用作光学粘结剂以在木质地板上提供硬的表面以及用作眼镜和其它光学设备上的防划涂层。该可聚合的液态材料包含辐射或者热固化的单体或者低聚物，典型的是丙烯酸酯，聚氨酯丙烯酸酯共混物或者硅胶。当前优选的液态材料是由Norland Products，2540Route 130，Suite 100，P.O.Box637，Cranbury NJ 08512制造的光学粘结剂，特别是以商标NOA 63，NOA 71和NOA 81销售的那些。可聚合的液态材料是粘度相对低的液体，其能够流动以产生位于电光材料上方的液体的薄层。典型地，在液体聚合之后产生的聚合物层将具有从大约6到250μm的范围内的厚度，期望地在从8到50μm的范围内。
可聚合的液态材料的一个重要属性在于聚合之后形成的层的导电性；聚合的层不应该太导电否则显示器分辨率将被丢失。根据经验已经发现，分辨率的损失在5×105欧姆/方块的表面导电率的范围内似乎变得明显。
可以通过对于液态涂覆领域中的普通技术人员熟悉的几种技术控制可聚合的液态材料的层的厚度，并且因此控制最终聚合物层的厚度。例如，附图中的图1以高度示意的方式说明了导电电极102，在该电极102上已经沉积有包含设置在粘合剂106中的囊104的电泳层。可聚合的液态材料108被施加(例如利用压式或者狭缝式涂覆机)到电泳层上方，并且液态材料108的厚度由刮墨刀110控制。应该注意到，由于囊104从粘合剂106向上突出，电泳层的上表面(如图1中所说明的)是不平整的，但是液态材料108的设置能够使聚合物保护层的最终表面平整。(尽管图1建议在囊104的中央上方可聚合的液态材料层的厚度可以接近零，但是在实践中这是不期望的并且在整个电泳层上方应该至少存在保护层的最小厚度)
图2以高度示意的方式说明了本发明的可替代的方法。在该第二种方法中的导电电极102，囊104以及粘合剂106与图1中所示的相同。而且将可聚合的液态材料108施加到电泳层上方。然而，不采用刮墨刀；而是在液态材料108上涂覆释放片212并且使得整个组件在轧辊214和216之间通过以控制液态材料108的厚度。
尽管图2建议组件水平经过轧辊，但是在大规模的辊对辊生产中，组件垂直向下经过轧辊会更方便，同时可聚合的液态材料可连续地施加在电泳介质和释放片212之间。
在采用释放片控制液态材料108的厚度时，可以在液态材料的固化之后立即去除该释放片，或者可以将其保留在原位直到晚些时候以向通过固化液态材料形成的聚合物层提供机械保护。
在本方法中，用于控制液态层的厚度的片不必需为释放片，并且该片也不必需为柔性的。而且，从通过固化液态材料形成的聚合物层中去除该片不是必需的。例如，无论该片是刚性或者柔性的，其可以包含用作最终显示器中保护层的透明片。可替代地，该片可以包含导电层，其能够通过聚合物层永久粘附到最终的显示器。典型地，这样的导电层将形成最终显示器的公共前电极，并且在这样的情况下，导电层应该是光透射的以使得通过导电层能够看到电光介质的光学状态的改变。
用于控制液态层的厚度的片也能够具有彩色滤色片阵列的形式(典型地具有导电层以形成最终显示器的公共前电极)，其可以是柔性或者刚性的。这样的彩色滤色片阵列需要与在电光介质的相对侧上的电极的像素对准。如果彩色滤色片阵列是刚性的(例如玻璃彩色滤色片阵列)，则可以将该彩色滤色片阵列放置在可聚合的液态材料上并且与像素粗略对准。然后可以按压或者滚动该彩色滤色片，并且使用彩色滤色片阵列对准工具或者夹具使彩色滤色片阵列的一部分与像素精细对准。在精细对准之后，对可聚合的液态材料的一小部分区域进行点固化以将彩色滤色片阵列相对于显示器的其它部件固定到位。在固化可聚合的液态材料的剩余部分之前可以处理显示器以去除任何困于其中的气体(参见下面)。
除了为避免由于柔性彩色滤色片阵列的畸变导致的未对准，典型地需要将彩色滤色片阵列的精细对准以及随后的点固化步骤在显示器的不同区域上重复多次，直到正确地精细对准显示器的所有区域为止之外，可以按照非常类似的方式粘附柔性彩色滤色片阵列。
在用于控制液态层的厚度的片要作为显示器的永久部分保留的大多数情况下，难以避免会将一些气泡困在该片下方。用于去除这样困于其中的气泡的技术在本领域中是公知的(例如使显示器经历压蒸(autoclaving)或者将显示器放置在真空中)并且任意公知的技术都可以用于本发明中。如上所注意到的，如果该片是需要与显示器的剩余部分对准的彩色滤色片阵列或者类似的片，则应该在去除气泡的工艺之前进行对可聚合液态材料的点固化以确保在去除气泡期间保持该片的对准。在其它情况下，例如在该片仅包含导电层以及(可选地)用于该导电层的支撑物时，不需要精细对准，并且可以执行气泡移除而不需要先前的对可聚合液态材料的点固化。
现在仅作为说明给出下面的示例以示出本发明当前优选工艺的细节。
示例
基本上如在前述美国专利No.6,982,178中所描述的，将囊/粘合剂浆液狭缝式涂覆到聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)/ITO膜的覆盖有ITO的表面上，并且烘干所产生的涂覆膜以在PET/ITO膜上产生位于粘合剂中的囊的粘附层。单独地在大致24平方英寸(61平方厘米)的金属薄片上覆盖塑料释放片，使其被设置为暴露出释放层。将12平方英寸(30平方厘米)的烘干的囊涂覆膜放置在该释放片顶部的中央，暴露囊层。在距离囊涂覆膜的一个边缘的13mm处放置一滴Norland光学粘结剂(NOA 63，NOA71或者NOA 81)，该滴延伸到距离该膜的每一个侧边缘的大约13mm的范围内以最小化在工艺的后续步骤期间从显示器挤出的光学粘结剂的量。然后在承载有光学粘结剂的囊涂覆膜上方放置第二释放片，放置该第二释放片以使其释放层面对囊涂覆膜，并且该第二释放片的尺寸使得其在该囊涂覆膜的外围周圈均延伸超过该囊涂覆膜的边缘至少2英寸(51mm)以最小化在后续层叠时层压机辊的污染。
然后将金属板，囊涂覆膜以及两个释放片的整个堆叠结构放置在辊打开的辊式层压机中，放置该堆叠结构以使得辊在可脱离囊涂覆膜的释放片上靠拢。然后在室温和50磅/平方英寸(大约0.48MPa)下使用6英寸(152mm)中硬度硅胶辊以0.5英尺/分钟(大约2.5mm/秒)的速度让该堆叠结构经过辊层压机。在使膜的原始粗糙表面平整的工艺中，经过层压机使光学粘结剂在整个囊涂覆膜上方延展为薄层。然后使该堆叠结构在150W/英寸(6W/mm)的紫外灯下以20英尺/分钟(大约100cm/秒)的速度两次经过以局部固化光学粘结剂。然后去除顶部释放片，并且剩余的层在相同条件下两次经过紫外灯下方以完成光学粘结剂的固化。之后，可以从金属板和相邻的释放片去除完整的PET/ITO/囊-粘合剂层/光学粘结剂显示器并且将该完整的PET/ITO/囊-粘合剂层/光学粘结剂显示器切割为需要的尺寸。将意识到，在该示例中描述的工艺是小规模的实验室方法，而其它技术，特别是辊对辊技术，会更适合于批量生产。
根据本发明的优选实施例，使用能够被固化为硬而坚实的外表的可聚合的液态材料允许使用非常薄的非导电保护层，该保护层具有光滑的外表并且对电光层提供良好的机械保护。辐射固化允许快的线速度以及经济的辊对辊生产方法。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于制备电光显示器的方法，所述方法包括：
在电极（102）上形成电光材料的层（104，106）；
在所述电光材料的层（104，106）上沉积基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料（108）的层，以形成显示器的观看表面；以及
将所述可聚合的液态材料（108）暴露于能够有效地使得所述材料发生聚合的条件下，从而形成位于所述电光材料的层（104，106）上的聚合物层。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述可聚合的液态材料（108）为可热固化的并且使得所述材料发生聚合的条件包括将所述液态材料加热到足以固化所述材料的高温度。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述可聚合的液态材料（108）为可辐射固化的并且使得所述材料发生聚合的条件包括使所述液态材料暴露于具有能够固化所述材料的波长的辐射下。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述可聚合的液态材料（108）包含丙烯酸酯，聚氨酯丙烯酸酯共混物或者硅胶。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括控制沉积在所述电光材料的层（104，106）上的所述可聚合的液态材料（108）的层的厚度。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述可聚合的液态材料的层的所述厚度通过刮墨刀（110）或者压式涂覆进行控制。
7.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述可聚合的液态材料的层的所述厚度通过在聚合所述液态材料（108）之前将所述液态材料（108）的层放置在释放片（212）上并且使得该液态材料（108）的层连同释放片（212）在轧辊（214，216）之间通过来进行控制。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述片是从最终显示器去除的释放片。
9.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述片包含作为最终显示器的永久部分保留的导电层。
10.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述片包含作为最终显示器的永久部分保留的彩色滤色片阵列。
11.根据权利要求1的方法，其中最终聚合物层的厚度从6到250μm。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其中最终聚合物层的厚度从8到50μm。
13.根据权利要求1的方法，其中形成在所述电极（102）上的所述电光材料的层（104，106）具有不平整的暴露表面并且所述最终的聚合物层使所述电光材料的层（104，106）平整以使得最终的聚合物层的所述暴露表面基本上平整。
14.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述电光材料包含旋转双色部件或者电致变色材料。
15.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述电光材料包含电泳材料，所述电泳材料包含设置在流体中并且能够在电场的影响下移动经过所述流体的多个带电粒子。
16.根据权利要求15的方法，其中所述带电粒子以及所述流体被限定在多个囊或者微单元内。
17.根据权利要求15的方法，其中所述带电粒子以及所述流体作为由包含聚合物材料的连续相围绕的多个离散微滴存在。
18.根据权利要求15的方法，其中所述流体是气态的。
19.一种能够通过触针成像的电光显示器，所述显示器包括：
电极（102）；
设置在所述电极（102）上的电光材料的层（104，106）；以及
聚合物层，其位于所述电光材料的层（104，106）上并形成显示器的观看表面，
所述聚合物层由基本上无溶剂的可聚合的液态材料（108）的聚合产物形成。
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US8177942B2 (en) 2012-05-15
US20080218839A1 (en) 2008-09-11
KR101304027B1 (ko) 2013-09-04
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US9152004B2 (en) 2015-10-06
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