CN113985677A - 电光显示器 - Google Patents
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- CN113985677A CN113985677A CN202111369291.8A CN202111369291A CN113985677A CN 113985677 A CN113985677 A CN 113985677A CN 202111369291 A CN202111369291 A CN 202111369291A CN 113985677 A CN113985677 A CN 113985677A
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
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Abstract
描述了用于测量诸如电光显示器的有源矩阵电光显示器的跳变电压的技术和结构。有源矩阵显示器包括耦合到显示器的电极的电容器。用于测量跳变电压的信号路径被配置为避开耦合到显示器的电极的电容器。跳变电压在显示器的使用寿命期间被测量一次或多次。
Description
相关申请的引用
本申请涉及2015年11月18日提交的美国临时申请62/256,931。
前述申请的全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及电光显示器(特别是针对电泳显示器)中的跳变(kickback)电压的测量和校准。
发明内容
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种设备,其包括第一电极、第二电极、设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的电光材料、耦合到第一电极并被配置为向第一电极提供电压的控制电路、以及电容器。该设备还包括耦合到第一电极的开关。开关被配置为:在第一开关状态下,将第一电极耦合到显示控制器的输出(“Vcom”)和电容器;并且在第二开关状态下,将第一电极耦合到测量电路(并且不耦合到Vcom也不耦合到电容器)。
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种设备,其包括第一电极、第二电极以及设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的电光材料。该设备还包括一个或多个开关,该开关被配置为在测量模式中创建测量信号路径,其中测量电路耦合到第一电极,而在测量信号路径中不包括被配置为在设备的显示模式中耦合到第一电极的电容器。
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种测量包含至装置中的电光显示器的跳变电压的方法。该方法包括在发生与装置的操作相关联的触发事件时启动对跳变电压的测量。
附图说明
将参考以下附图来描述本申请的各个方面和实施例。应该理解的是,附图不一定按比例绘制。出现在多个图中的项目在它们出现的所有图中用相同的附图标记表示。
图1是示出具有耦合到显示器的电极的电容器和用于测量有源矩阵显示器的跳变电压并且包括电容器的信号路径的有源矩阵显示器的示意图。
图2是示出根据本发明的非限制性实施例的具有耦合到显示器的电极的电容器和用于测量有源矩阵显示器的跳变电压并且不包括电容器的信号路径的有源矩阵显示器的示意图。
图3A是示出图1的有源矩阵显示器的顶部平面电压与时间的图。
图3B是示出图2的有源矩阵显示器的顶部平面电压与时间的图。
图4是示出图2的替代的示意图,其包括多个开关以允许在显示操作模式与用于测量显示器的跳变电压的测量模式之间切换。
具体实施方式
本申请的各个方面涉及电泳显示器中的跳变电压的测量。
电光显示器包括电光材料的层,该术语以其在成像领域中的常规含义在此使用来指具有第一和第二显示状态的材料,第一和第二显示状态在至少一个光学性质上不同,通过向材料施加电场而将材料从其第一显示状态改变到第二显示状态。在本发明的显示器中,从电光介质具有固体外表面的意义上说,电光介质可以是固体(为方便起见,这种显示器可以在下文中称为“固体电光显示器”),尽管介质可能并且通常确实具有内部填充液体或气体的空间。
另一种类型的电光材料是基于粒子的电泳显示器,其中多个带电粒子在电场的影响下移动穿过悬浮流体。电泳显示器的一些属性在2003年3月11日授权的标题为“Methodsfor Addressing Electrophoretic Displays”的美国专利No.6,531,997中描述,其全部内容在此并入本文。
与液晶显示器相比较,电泳显示器可以具有良好的亮度和对比度、宽视角、状态双稳定性以及低功耗的属性。尽管如此,一些基于粒子的电泳显示器的长期图像质量可能存在问题。例如,构成一些电泳显示器的粒子可能会沉降,导致这种显示器的使用寿命不足。
如上所述,电泳介质可以包括悬浮流体。该悬浮流体可以是液体,但是可以使用气体悬浮流体来产生电泳介质;参见例如Kitamura,T.等人的"Electrical toner movementfor electronic paper-like display",IDW Japan,2001,Paper HCS1-1,以及Yamaguchi,Y.等人的"Toner display using insulative particles charged triboelectrically",IDW Japan,2001,Paper AMD4-4)。还参见欧洲专利申请1,429,178;1,462,847;和1,482,354;以及国际申请WO 2004/090626;WO 2004/079442;WO 2004/077140;WO 2004/059379;WO 2004/055586;WO 2004/008239;WO 2004/006006;WO 2004/001498;WO 03/091799;和WO03/088495。当基于气体的电泳介质在允许粒子沉降的方向中使用时,例如用在介质在垂直平面内布置的招牌中时,由于粒子沉降,一些基于气体的电泳介质可能容易遭受与一些基于液体的电泳介质相同类型的问题。实际上,粒子沉降在一些基于气体的电泳介质中比在一些基于液体的电泳介质中看起来是更严重的问题,因为与液体相比,气体悬浮流体的粘度更低,从而使电泳粒子的沉降更快。
转让给麻省理工学院(MIT)、伊英克(E Ink)公司、伊英克加利福尼亚有限责任公司和相关公司或以它们的名义的许多专利和申请描述了用于封装的和微单元电泳和其他电光介质的各种技术。封装的电泳介质包括许多小囊体,每一个小囊体本身包括内部相以及包围内部相的囊壁,其中所述内部相含有在流体介质中的可电泳移动的粒子。典型地,这些囊体本身保持在聚合粘合剂中以形成位于两个电极之间的连贯层。在微单元电泳显示器中,带电粒子和流体不被封装在微囊体内,而是保持在载体介质(通常为聚合物薄膜)内形成的多个腔内。[[在下文中,术语“微腔电泳显示器”可以用于覆盖封装的和微单元电泳显示器。]]在这些专利和申请中描述的技术包括:
(a)电泳粒子、流体和流体添加剂;参见例如美国专利No.7,002,728和7,679,814;
(b)囊体、粘合剂和封装工艺;参见例如美国专利No.6,922,276和7,411,719;
(c)微单元结构、壁材料和形成微单元的方法;参见例如美国专利No.7,072,095和9,279,906;
(d)用于填充和密封微单元的方法;参见例如美国专利No.7,144,942和7,715,088;
(e)包含电光材料的薄膜和子组件;参见例如美国专利No.6,982,178和7,839,564;
(f)用于显示器中的背板、粘合层和其他辅助层以及方法;参见例如美国专利No.7,116,318和7,535,624;
(g)颜色形成和颜色调节;参见例如美国专利No.7,075,502和7,839,564;
(h)用于驱动显示器的方法;参见例如美国专利No.5,930,026;6,445,489;6,504,524;6,512,354;6,531,997;6,753,999;6,825,970;6,900,851;6,995,550;7,012,600;7,023,420;7,034,783;7,061,166;7,061,662;7,116,466;7,119,772;7,177,066;7,193,625;7,202,847;7,242,514;7,259,744;7,304,787;7,312,794;7,327,511;7,408,699;7,453,445;7,492,339;7,528,822;7,545,358;7,583,251;7,602,374;7,612,760;7,679,599;7,679,813;7,683,606;7,688,297;7,729,039;7,733,311;7,733,335;7,787,169;7,859,742;7,952,557;7,956,841;7,982,479;7,999,787;8,077,141;8,125,501;8,139,050;8,174,490;8,243,013;8,274,472;8,289,250;8,300,006;8,305,341;8,314,784;8,373,649;8,384,658;8,456,414;8,462,102;8,537,105;8,558,783;8,558,785;8,558,786;8,558,855;8,576,164;8,576,259;8,593,396;8,605,032;8,643,595;8,665,206;8,681,191;8,730,153;8,810,525;8,928,562;8,928,641;8,976,444;9,013,394;9,019,197;9,019,198;9,019,318;9,082,352;9,171,508;9,218,773;9,224,338;9,224,342;9,224,344;9,230,492;9,251,736;9,262,973;9,269,311;9,299,294;9,373,289;9,390,066;9,390,661;和9,412,314;以及美国专利申请公开No.2003/0102858;2004/0246562;2005/0253777;2007/0070032;2007/0076289;2007/0091418;2007/0103427;2007/0176912;2007/0296452;2008/0024429;2008/0024482;2008/0136774;2008/0169821;2008/0218471;2008/0291129;2008/0303780;2009/0174651;2009/0195568;2009/0322721;2010/0194733;2010/0194789;2010/0220121;2010/0265561;2010/0283804;2011/0063314;2011/0175875;2011/0193840;2011/0193841;2011/0199671;2011/0221740;2012/0001957;2012/0098740;2013/0063333;2013/0194250;2013/0249782;2013/0321278;2014/0009817;2014/0085355;2014/0204012;2014/0218277;2014/0240210;2014/0240373;2014/0253425;2014/0292830;2014/0293398;2014/0333685;2014/0340734;2015/0070744;2015/0097877;2015/0109283;2015/0213749;2015/0213765;2015/0221257;2015/0262255;2016/0071465;2016/0078820;2016/0093253;2016/0140910;和2016/0180777;
(i)显示器的应用;参见例如美国专利No.7,312,784和8,009,348;以及
(j)非电泳显示器,如在美国专利No.6,241,921和美国专利申请公开No.2015/0277160中所述,以及除了显示器之外的封装和微单元技术的应用;参见例如美国专利申请公开No.2015/0005720和2016/0012710。
前述的很多专利和申请认识到,在封装的电泳介质中围绕离散的微囊体的壁可以由连续相代替,因而产生所谓的聚合物分散的电泳显示器,其中电泳介质包含多个离散的电泳流体微滴以及连续相的聚合物材料,并且即使没有与每个单独的微滴关联的离散的囊膜,也可以把这种聚合物分散的电泳显示器中的电泳流体的离散微滴看作囊体或微囊体;参见例如前述的2002/0131147。因此,为了本申请的目的,将这样的聚合物分散的电泳介质看作是封装的电泳介质的子类。
一种相关类型的电泳显示器是所谓的“微单元电泳显示器”。在微单元电泳显示器中,带电粒子和悬浮流体不封装在微囊体中,而是保持在形成于例如聚合物薄膜的载体介质中的多个腔内。参见例如转让给Sipix Imaging公司的国际申请公开No.WO 02/01281和公开的美国申请No.2002/0075556。
前述的伊英克和MIT的许多专利和申请也涉及微单元电泳显示器和聚合物分散的电泳显示器。术语“封装的电泳显示器”可以指代所有这样的显示器类型,其也可以被统称为“微腔电泳显示器”以概括横跨壁的形态。
术语“灰色状态”在此使用的是其在成像技术领域中的常规含义,指的是介于像素的两个极端光学状态之间的一种状态,但并不一定意味着处于这两个极端状态之间的黑白转变。例如,下文中所涉及的几个专利和公开申请描述了这样的电泳显示器,其中,该极端状态为白色和深蓝色,使得中间的“灰色状态”实际上为淡蓝色。实际上,如已经提到的,两个极端状态之间的转变可以根本不是颜色改变。
术语“双稳态的”和“双稳定性”在此使用的是其在本领域中的常规含义,指的是包括具有第一和第二显示状态的显示元件的显示器,所述第一和第二显示状态的至少一个光学性质不同,从而在利用具有有限持续时间的寻址脉冲驱动任何给定元件以呈现其第一或第二显示状态之后,在该寻址脉冲终止后,该状态将持续的时间是用于改变该显示元件的状态的寻址脉冲的最小持续时间的至少几倍(例如至少4倍)。在已公开的美国专利申请No.2002/0180687中示出,支持灰度的一些基于粒子的电泳显示器不仅可以稳定于其极端的黑色和白色状态,还可以稳定于其中间的灰色状态,一些其它类型的电光显示器也是如此。这种类型的显示器被恰当地称为是“多稳态的”而非双稳态的,但是为了方便,在此可使用术语“双稳态的”以同时涵盖双稳态的和多稳态的显示器。
高分辨率显示器可以包括可被寻址而不受来自相邻像素干扰的单独像素。获得这样的像素的一种方式是提供诸如晶体管或二极管的非线性元件的阵列,其中至少一个非线性元件与每个像素相关,以产生“有源矩阵”显示器。对一个像素寻址的寻址或像素电极通过相关的非线性元件与合适的电压源连接。当非线性元件是晶体管时,像素电极可以连接至晶体管的漏极,并且该布置将在下文的描述中呈现,然而这实质上是任意的并且像素电极可以连接至晶体管的源极。在高分辨率阵列中,像素可以被布置在行和列的二维阵列中,以使得任意特定像素被一个特定行和一个特定列的交叉点唯一地限定。每一列中所有晶体管的源极可以连接至单个列电极,而每一行中所有晶体管的栅极可以连接至单个行电极;再次,将源极分配给行和将栅极分配给列可以根据需要是相反的。
显示器可以以逐行方式被写入。行电极连接至行驱动器,其可以给所选择的行电极施加电压以确保在所选择的行上的所有晶体管都是导通的,而给所有其他的行施加电压以确保在这些未选择的行上的所有晶体管保持不导通。列电极连接至列驱动器,其在各个列电极上施加选择的电压以将所选择的行上的像素驱动至它们期望的光学状态。(前述电压与共同的前电极有关,共同的前电极可以设置在电光介质的与非线性阵列相对的一侧并且在整个显示器上延伸。)在被称为“线寻址时间”的预选择间隔之后,取消选择被选择的行,选择另一行,并且改变列驱动器上的电压以使显示器的下一行被写入。
有源矩阵显示器可以呈现所谓的“跳变电压”,其是紧接在像素寻址(有源更新驱动)之后的像素电压减去在像素寻址期间施加到像素的电压。跳变电压有时也被称为“栅极馈通电压”。有源矩阵显示器的跳变电压取决于显示器的性质(包括显示材料的性质),以及施加到有源矩阵显示器的晶体管的电压。
自擦除定义
到目前为止,已经使用在驱动脉冲结束时确定的极端光学状态来测量所有动态范围。然而,在评估双稳态电光显示器的真实世界性能时,有必要考虑称为“自擦除”的现象。自擦除是这样一种现象,即,当通过施加驱动脉冲将电光显示器从一个极端光学状态驱动到相反的极端光学状态并且然后允许在没有施加到电光介质的电场的情况下在短时间(通常几秒钟)内搁置时,电光介质向从其驱动它的所述一个极端光学状态放松回归。例如,如果通过驱动脉冲将电光介质从黑色驱动到白色,然后移除电场,则电光介质通常将在接下来的几秒内稍微往回朝向黑色移动,并且介质的最终状态将是非常浅的灰色。由于电光介质的许多应用涉及在显示器上写入期望的图像,然后允许该图像在显示器上保持比写入图像花费的时间长得多的时间段(例如,在电子书阅读器中,在阅读器上写入新页面可能花费约一秒的时间,然后允许该页面在读者阅读该页面所花费的分钟内保持可见),在自擦除已经发生之后的介质的光学状态具有实际重要性,因为显示器的观看的主要部分将在自擦除发生之后发生。
电泳显示器可以包括被配置为公共电极的电极,其中电容与其耦合。当测量跳变电压时,可以动态地创建测量信号路径以测量公共电极上的电压,同时避开耦合到公共电极的电容。以这种方式,与测量信号路径包括电容的情况相比,公共电极上的电压可以更快地稳定,从而允许更快地测量跳变电压,这缩短了确定跳变电压值所需的总时间。
根据本申请的一个方面,可以多次测量电泳显示器的跳变电压,而不仅仅是在装置的制造期间。虽然理论上是稳定的,但实际上电泳显示器的跳变电压可能随时间变化。结果,即使是最初校准以考虑跳变电压的显示器,随着时间的推移,性能可能会下降。因此,本申请的方面提供了在显示器的寿命期间的各个点处测量的电泳显示器的跳变电压。可选地,可以基于这样的测量来校准显示器,从而提供长期的性能增强。
现在将在下面详细描述上面描述的各个方面以及其他方面。应该理解的是,这些方面可以单独使用,也可以一起使用,或者以两种或更多种的任意组合使用,只要它们不相互排斥即可。
图1是示出包括可以应用本申请的各方面的类型的有源矩阵显示器的装置的配置的示意图。装置100包括具有第一电极102和第二电极104的显示部分。电光材料106设置在第一电极102和第二电极104之间。作为非限制性示例,显示器可以是电泳显示器并且因此电光材料106可以是具有一种或多种类型的电泳粒子的电泳材料。在这样的情况下,电泳粒子可以被包含在囊体内,尽管在这方面并非所有实施例都受到限制。
显示器是有源矩阵显示器,因此第一电极102和第二电极104中的至少一个可以被配置(例如,图案化)为像素电极以限定各个像素(未示出)。优选地,第二电极104将被配置为像素电极。在所示的非限制性实施例中,第二电极104可以是像素电极,并且可以代表显示器的后部(或底部)电极。第一电极102可以代表显示器的前部(或顶部)电极,并且可以代表显示器的观看侧。也就是说,在使用中,第一电极102可以在第二电极104和观看显示器的用户(未示出)之间,并且因此可以是透明的。第一电极102可以被配置为接收公共电压Vcom的公共电极。
装置100包括显示控制器108,其被配置为例如通过向第一电极102和/或第二电极104提供合适的波形来控制显示器的操作。显示控制器108包括向显示模块供电的电源电路。可以使用任何合适的显示控制器,诸如微控制器、现场可编程门阵列、专用集成电路(ASIC)或其他控制器。在所示的实施例中,显示控制器通过线110(例如金属迹线、导线或其他合适的连接)耦合到第一电极102。显示控制器可以经由线110将电压Vcom提供给第一电极102。
显示控制器108通过线112和114耦合到第二电极104,线112和114可以分别代表栅极控制线和源极控制线,用于控制与第二电极104相关联的晶体管的栅极和源极电压。实际上,显示器的每个像素都具有栅极控制线和源极控制线,但是为了简单起见,仅示出了每种类型的单个线。
装置100包括耦合到第一电极102的电容器115。可以提供该电容器以通过例如以下来稳定第一电极102的操作:提供易于获得的电荷源来将第一电极102保持或维持在固定的或相对恒定的电压,而显示器的背板电压在图像更新期间快速变化,并且该电容器115可具有用于这样做的任何合适的电容。电容器115可以是不同于第一电极102的任何寄生电容的分立电容器。电容器115可以位于第一电极102的边缘附近,例如以避免阻挡显示器的任何可视部分,或者可以位于任何其他合适的位置。尽管示出了单个电容器115,但应该理解,电容器115实际上可以代表多个电容器。
装置100进一步包括开关116。在第一配置中,开关将第一电极耦合到显示控制器的输出(“Vcom”)和电容器。在第二配置中,开关将第一电极耦合到测量电路(而不是耦合到显示控制器的输出Vcom和/或电容器)。在开关的两种配置中,电容器附接到连接到第一电极的导体。开关被提供用于在其中显示器如此操作的显示模式和测量显示器的跳变电压的跳变电压测量模式之间切换装置100。在显示模式中,开关116采用位置(a),以使得显示控制器108耦合到第一电极102以提供Vcom。在跳变电压测量模式中,开关116采用位置(b),其中显示控制器108从第一电极102去耦,并且代替地,第一电极102耦合到测量电路,该测量电路包括与负反馈和电压计120连接的运算放大器118。即,创建跳变电压测量信号路径,其包括电容器115、运算放大器118和电压计120。第二电极104被驱动为零(0)伏特。在该操作模式中,第一电极102上的电压将稳定并提供显示器的跳变电压的指示。测量持续足够长以允许第一电极102上的电压稳定在可接受的标准内(例如,在可接受的制造标准内)。一旦知道跳变电压,就可以校准Vcom的值以考虑跳变电压。例如,如果跳变电压被确定为负1伏(-1V),则Vcom可以被设置为负1伏(-1V)以补偿跳变电压。
尽管在图1中示出了包括运算放大器118的特定测量电路,但应该理解的是存在替代电路。例如,显示控制器108本身可以包括用于测量跳变电压的适当电路。例如,测量电路可以在显示控制器108的电路板上。
开关116可以是任何适合类型的开关。例如,开关116可以是与显示器集成的微型开关,或者可以是任何其他合适类型的开关,因为在此描述的各个方面在该方面不受限制。
申请人已经认识并理解,使用图1的配置来测量显示器的跳变电压的缺点在于,测量需要花费相对较长的时间,例如对于典型的电泳显示器,每个显示器大约10秒的量级。如果在显示器的制造过程期间进行测量并且制造大量的显示器,那么测量所有制造的显示器的跳变电压所需的总测量时间可能是显著的。如果在装置的最终用户操作期间进行测量,例如当用户开启装置时,所需的测量时间可以代表用户使用装置的能力的不可接受的延迟,或者至少可以代表干扰。
申请人还认识到,使用图1的配置来测量跳变电压的持续时间至少部分地由跳变电压测量信号路径中(当开关116处于图1中的位置(b)时)与电光材料106的电阻耦合的电容器115的存在导致。电容器115的存在有助于RC时间常数(结合电光学材料106的电阻R),其影响进行跳变电压的测量所需的持续时间。例如,假设显示器对角线尺寸在12cm到25cm的量级上,电容器115的典型值可以在1微法和10微法之间,而电光材料106的电阻可以在300千欧和1兆欧之间(例如,600千欧),假定电光材料106是电泳材料。因此,弛豫时间可能是几秒的量级,并且可能需要在确定跳变电压的值之前等待多个弛豫时间段。
因此,如前所述,本申请的一个方面提供了以利用跳变电压测量信号路径的方式来测量电泳显示器的跳变电压,所述跳变电压测量信号路径缺少耦合到从其测量跳变电压的显示器的电极的电容。参考图2,其是根据本申请的该方面的装置的示意图。
图2的装置200包括许多与图1的装置100相同的组件,但是电容器115相对于开关116的位置不同。与装置100中的布置相反,开关116位于装置200中的电容器115与第一电极102之间。当开关116采用图2中的位置(a)时,即当装置在显示模式下操作时,装置100与装置200之间的操作没有不同。然而,当开关116在装置200中采用位置(b)以执行跳变电压的测量时,从第一电极102到运算放大器118创建跳变电压测量信号路径,其绕过或隔离(或以其他方式避开)电容器115。因此,电容器115对装置200中的跳变电压测量信号路径的RC时间常数没有贡献,并且因此第一电极102上的电压将比当装置100用于测量跳变电压时装置100上的电压更快地稳定。包含这里提出的相同工作原理的一些其他实施例可以容易地实现,如图4所示,其中附加的开关可以连接到电容器115以实现电容器115与信号路径的隔离。
通过使用图2的配置实现的跳变电压测量持续时间的减少可能是显著的。例如,可以实现大于50%的减少,10%与60%之间,20%与40%之间,或这些范围内的任何值或值的范围。作为具体的非限制性示例,假定图1的配置需要10秒来进行跳变电压测量,图2的配置可能花费3秒或更少。在一些实施例中,如图2所示的配置可能能够在小于1秒、小于半秒、小于100毫秒、或其他合适的持续时间内执行跳变电压的测量。
图3A是示出根据图1配置的有源矩阵显示器的顶部平面电压与时间的图。跳变电压值可以假定为等于该顶部平面电压值。如图3A所示,测量跳变电压的持续时间(ΔX)是11秒。图3B是示出根据图2配置的有源矩阵显示器的顶部平面电压与时间的图。跳变电压值可以假定为等于该顶部平面电压值。如图3B所示,用于测量跳变电压的持续时间(ΔX)是2.5秒,这比使用图1的配置所需的持续时间小得多。通过改变电路的配置,测量跳变电压的持续时间可能减少约2至3倍。
在图2的配置中,由于开关116可以是显示控制器108的一部分,因此可能期望从设置有显示模块(包括第一和第二电极102和104)的电路板上移除电容器115。显示控制器108的电路板可以包括电源管理集成电路(PMIC),并且电容器115可以被添加到该电路板。
图2的装置200代表单开关装置配置的示例。应该理解,多开关配置也是可能的,以允许利用缺少(例如,与信号路径隔离的)耦合到显示器的公共电极的电容器的跳变电压测量信号路径来测量电泳显示器的跳变电压。因此,应该认识到,用于测量电泳显示器的跳变电压同时绕过耦合到显示器的公共电极的电容器的单开关和多开关配置被预期并且被本申请的方面所涵盖。
装置200代表非限制性示例,其中在测量显示器的跳变电压时绕过耦合到电泳显示器的公共电极的电容器。作为替代,电容器115可以代表多个分立的电容器,并且跳变电压测量信号路径可以被配置为绕过或隔离一些但不是全部的电容器。例如,参考图2,替代的装置配置可以包括在针对电容器115所示的位置中的电容器以及耦合在开关116和第一电极102之间的电容器。在这种可替代配置中,将开关116切换到位置(b)将创建跳变电压测量信号路径,该跳变电压测量信号路径包括耦合到第一电极102的一些但不是全部的电容。以此方式,与装置100的配置相比,可以减少进行跳变电压的测量所需的时间,但是可能不会减少到装置200实现的程度。因此,在至少一些实施例中可能希望将开关定位为绕过尽可能多的电容,以最大化跳变电压测量持续时间的减少。在这种情况下,多个电容器可以可选地布置在显示控制器108的电路板上,并且可以使用一个或多个开关来针对装置的给定操作模式接入和断开期望的电容。
图4示出了又一个非限制性示例。如图所示,图4的装置400与图1的装置100的不同之处在于,在第一电极102和电容器115之间添加第二开关402。为了在显示模式下操作该装置,开关116和402被置于位置(a),其将第一电极102耦合到显示控制器(以接收Vcom)和电容器115。为了测量显示器的跳变电压,开关116和402被置于位置(b),其将第一电极102从电容器115断开,并将第一电极102连接到运算放大器118。
在一些实施例中,显示控制器108的电路板可以包括具有表示用于任何显示器的电容器115的最小电容的值的“基本”或最小电容器。较大的显示器可能需要将附加的电容耦合到第一电极102,并且因此这样的附加电容器可以被布置在它们可以从跳变电压测量信号路径断开的位置。替代物也是可能的。
可以在显示器的寿命期间的不同时间测量显示器的跳变电压。作为第一示例,显示器的跳变电压可以在制造显示器之后但在将显示器集成到最终包含显示器的装置(诸如电子阅读器(eReader)装置)之前进行测量。例如,显示器的跳变电压可以在工厂设置中进行测量,例如刚刚在制造显示器之后。在这种情况下,可以记录所测量的跳变电压,例如通过写入部件(例如显示器上的印刷标签)在显示器上表示或通过以编码的方式将跳变电压写入集成在显示器中的数字存储器中。
应该理解的是,如果以制造设置(例如,根据刚刚描述的示例)测量跳变电压,则应该使用晶体管栅极电压来进行测量,该晶体管栅极电压基本类似于预期用于终端产品显示装置的那些。这是因为,如前所述,跳变电压部分地是用于有源矩阵显示器的晶体管栅极电压的函数。
作为第二示例,显示器的跳变电压可以在包含显示器的最终产品装置中测量,例如在电子阅读器中。这样的测量可以利用并入到最终产品中的本文所述类型的电路(例如,如图2或图4所示)。例如,在一些启动过程期间,例如当装置首次“上电”时以及在电子阅读器的一般使用之前,可以执行用于测量跳变电压的算法。在这种情况下,可以测量跳变电压,并将其值以编码形式存储在电子阅读器(或其他最终产品)内,以便可以在装置的一般操作期间适当地设置Vcom。
作为第三示例,显示装置的跳变电压可以被测量并且被多次存储在包含显示器的最终产品装置中。测量和重新测量可以通过各种因素中的一个或多个来激发,其非限制性示例包括装置的初始化(例如,在装置首次上电时),并且针对重新测量,因素例如自从初始化或先前的跳变电压测量起经过的时间、自从初始化或先前的跳变电压测量起的显示器使用、温度变化或温度变化的历史等。在装置的使用寿命期间的不同时间测量跳变电压的好处是可以保持测量和存储的跳变电压值的准确性,从而允许Vcom的准确更新以及因此显示装置的更好的驱动。这对于跳变电压值随时间变化的显示装置可能是有益的。
通过具体的非限制性的示例,电子阅读器装置可以在装置的第一次上电之后的初始化过程时执行跳变电压值的初始测量和存储。电子阅读器然后追踪自从跳变电压的该初始测量和存储以来经过的时间。在例如三个月的经过时间之后,电子阅读器在下一次触发事件时进行第二次跳变电压测量和存储,例如当显示装置上电但当前没有需要显示更新的用户活动时(也就是说,当显示控制器未被以其他方式使用时)。在该跳变电压重新测量和存储之后,经时计时器被重置为零。在经过的时间再次达到三个月之后,跳变电压被重新测量并重新存储。这个过程可以根据需要长时间或多次重复。
通过另一个具体的非限制性的示例,电子阅读器装置遵循刚刚在前面的具体示例中描述的算法,但是在10,000次显示更新之后(而不是在经过三个月后),在下一个触发事件时进行跳变电压重新测量和存储。
通过另一个具体的非限制性的示例,电子阅读器装置遵循前面两个具体示例中刚刚描述的算法,但是在超过指定值的温度在大于指定持续时间(或积分持续时间)的持续时间(或经过的持续时间,即持续时间的总和)内使用显示装置之后,在下一个触发事件时进行跳变电压重新测量和存储。
本申请的方面可以提供以下好处中的一个或多个。应该理解的是,并非所有方面都必须提供以下好处中的每一个,并且可以提供除列出的以外的好处。本申请的一些方面提供了用于测量电光显示器的跳变电压的减少的时间需求。一些方面提供了一种机制,通过该机制可以在显示器的寿命期间多次测量电光显示器的跳变电压。因此,可以多次执行显示器的校准,从而改善或优化显示器的性能。
这里描述的实施例的变化是可能的。例如,尽管已经将各种实施例描述为涉及与电泳显示器一起使用,但是其他电光显示器的使用也是可能的。更一般地,本申请的方面可以应用于呈现跳变电压的任何类型的显示器。
已经如此描述了本申请的技术的几个方面和实施例,应该认识到,本领域的普通技术人员将容易想到各种改变、修改和改进。这样的改变、修改和改进旨在落入本申请中描述的技术的精神和范围内。例如,本领域的普通技术人员将容易想到用于执行功能和/或获得结果的各种其他手段和/或结构和/或本文描述的一个或多个优点,并且这样的变化和/或修改中的每一个被认为是在本文描述的实施例的范围内。本领域技术人员将认识到,或仅仅使用常规实验就能够确定本文所述的具体实施方式的许多等同物。因此,应该理解的是,前述实施例仅通过示例呈现,并且在所附权利要求及其等同物的范围内,可以以与具体描述不同的方式来实践发明的实施例。此外,如果这种特征、系统、物品、材料、成套工具和/或方法不相互不一致,则本文所述的两个或更多个特征、系统、物品、材料、成套工具和/或方法的任意组合包括在本公开的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种电光显示器,包括:
第一电极;
第二电极;
设置在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的电光材料;
耦合到所述第二电极和第一开关的控制电路,所述第一开关被配置为在形成第一信号路径的第一开关状态和形成第二信号路径的第二开关状态之间切换;以及
电容器,其被配置为在所述第一开关状态下在所述第一电极处维持恒定电压;
耦合到所述电容器的第二开关,所述第二开关被配置为在用于将所述电容器连接到所述第一电极的第三开关状态和用于从所述第一电极断开所述电容器的第四开关状态之间切换;
其中,在所述第一开关状态下,所述控制电路被配置为向所述第一电极提供电压;以及
在所述第二开关状态下,所述第一电极耦合到用于测量所述电光显示器的跳变电压的测量电路,而不是耦合到所述电容器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电光显示器,其中,所述测量电路包括运算放大器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电光显示器,其中,所述电光材料包括旋转双色构件或电致变色材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电光显示器,其中,所述电光材料包括电泳材料,所述电泳材料包括设置在流体中并且能够在电场的影响下移动通过所述流体的多个带电粒子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电光显示器,其中,所述带电粒子和所述流体被限制在多个囊体或微单元内。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电光显示器,其中,所述带电粒子和所述流体作为由包含聚合物材料的连续相围绕的多个离散小滴而存在。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电光显示器,其中,所述流体是气态的。
8.一种包括根据权利要求1所述的显示器的电子装置,其中,所述电子装置包括电子书阅读器、便携式计算机、平板电脑、蜂窝电话、智能卡、标志、手表、货架标签或闪存驱动器。
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US10795233B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
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