CN101980707A - 新的取代的咪唑并喹啉化合物 - Google Patents
新的取代的咪唑并喹啉化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101980707A CN101980707A CN2009801111367A CN200980111136A CN101980707A CN 101980707 A CN101980707 A CN 101980707A CN 2009801111367 A CN2009801111367 A CN 2009801111367A CN 200980111136 A CN200980111136 A CN 200980111136A CN 101980707 A CN101980707 A CN 101980707A
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Abstract
本发明公开了式I的咪唑并喹啉化合物,它在1-位上含有取代的胺或酰胺官能团,并有效用作Ton样受体7激活剂。这些化合物可用作抗癌剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及咪唑并喹啉衍生物以及含有咪唑并喹啉衍生物的药物组合物。咪唑并喹啉衍生物可用作toll样受体激动剂/TLR7激活剂。
背景技术
Toll样受体(TLR)目前包含具有不同特异性的10种受体的基因家族,是细胞的病原体模式识别系统的一部分,是为了防御各种不同感染(细菌、病毒、真菌)而演化出来的。TLR的激活导致细胞因子应答,伴随有例如干扰素的释放和特定免疫细胞的活化。选定TLR在组织中的功能性表达差异很大。一部分受体例如TLR4(受到大肠杆菌脂多糖LPS的刺激)位于细胞表面上,例如位于上皮细胞上,或TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9位于特定免疫细胞的内体膜上。后者全都被核酸激活,但是识别各种不同类型的核酸。例如,TLR9被含有CpG子序列的单链DNA激活,TLR7和TLR8被单链DNA激活,而TLR3被双链RNA激活。
已经鉴定了一些小分子(SMOL)TLR7或TLR8激动剂。那些激动剂可被分类为嘌呤样分子例如7-硫-8-氧代鸟苷(TOG,艾沙托立宾)或咪唑并喹啉化合物咪喹莫特。咪喹莫特是到目前为止唯一被批准的确定的TLR激动剂,作为5%乳剂(creme)销售(由Aldara)。它对浅表性基底细胞癌这种全世界最常见的癌症产生约80%的5年清除率。咪喹莫特激活TLR7。TLR7的功能性表达似乎局限于特定免疫细胞,即在人类中到目前为止只有浆细胞样树突状细胞、B细胞和可能的嗜曙红细胞已知被TLR7激动剂激活。
几年来,世界范围内正在进行大量努力,试图利用由TLR7、TLR8或TLR9激动剂诱导的强免疫活化用于癌症治疗。但是,癌症免疫疗法经历了长期失败的历史。尽管如此,近年中,关于癌症免疫监督以及免疫细胞亚群的功能的知识由此极大地增加了。TLR7或TLR9激动剂正在进行用于癌症的单独或组合疗法或作为疫苗佐剂的临床开发中。
用于癌症免疫疗法的TLR激动剂手段与以前使用例如细胞因子、干扰素或单价疫苗接种的尝试不同,由TLR激动剂介导的免疫激活是经由特定免疫细胞(主要是树突状细胞和B细胞,其次是其他细胞)多向性的,其产生了先天性和适应性免疫应答。此外,不是仅仅一种干扰素而是许多不同的同种型一起被诱导,并且不仅诱导I型(α,β)而且(间接)诱导II型(γ,NK细胞)。至少对于局部使用来说,Aldara已经提供了概念证明。这证实了抗原被肿瘤释放,以及免疫疗法在原则上可以对癌症适应症起作用,甚至在单独疗法中。尽管对于系统给药途径来说,正进行临床试验的TLR7或TLR9激动剂的临床POC尚待确定。对于晚期癌症和系统施用(优选s.c.或i.v.给药途径)来说,似乎明显地这些TLR激动剂必须与其他疗法组合。
在癌症的较早期阶段情况可能不同。肿瘤转移是患者中肿瘤发展的最严重情况,主要是因为检测到肿瘤太晚,这时转移已经发生。已建立的肿瘤疗法大部分包括具有相当窄的治疗窗口的细胞毒性药物。因此,为了在较早的肿瘤阶段进行治疗,这时转移扩散的抑制仍然可能时,对于具有良好耐受性和安全性的新疗法存在高度需求。
免疫系统的激活、特别是toll样受体(TLR)信号传导的激活,提供了新的有希望的手段。TLR9激动性CpG寡聚体例如H2006或H1826,以及TLR7激动剂例如鸟苷衍生物艾沙托立宾或咪喹莫特衍生物,在我们的鼠Renca肺部转移模型中进行测试。所有被测试的分子事实上都以良好的耐受性抑制了肺部转移的出现。这为这些分子用于抑制癌症转移的临床开发提供了使人信服的理由,并指出了这些药物系统施用的可能性。但是,如果与核酸类型的TLR9激动剂相比,SMOL类型的TLR7激动剂具有合成方法已建立和成本效率高的优点,并且非常适合于局部施用。
US-B-6,573,273描述了含有脲、硫脲、酰脲、磺酰脲或氨基甲酸酯官能团的咪唑并喹啉和四氢咪唑并喹啉化合物。化合物据说可用作免疫调节剂。
US-B-6,677,349描述了在1-位含有磺酰胺官能团的咪唑并喹啉和四氢咪唑并喹啉化合物。化合物据说可用作免疫调节剂。
US-A-2003/0144283和WO-A-00/76505描述了在1-位含有酰胺官能团的咪唑并喹啉和四氢咪唑并喹啉化合物。化合物据说可用作免疫调节剂。
WO-A-2005/051324描述了在1-位被肟或特殊的N-氧化物官能团取代的咪唑并-喹啉、吡啶和萘啶环系统。化合物据说可用作免疫调节剂。
发明简述
小分子、特别是咪唑并喹啉-4-胺基衍生物,已被发现是高效力的TLR7激活剂。这些咪唑并喹啉衍生物具有有利的物理化学性质和药物动力学性质。因此,本发明提供了已被发现是TLR7的激活剂并由结构通式I所定义的化合物:
其中R1、A和B在下文定义。
式I的化合物可用作TLR7激活剂。
本发明还提供了含有有效量的式I的化合物的药物组合物。
此外,描述了式I的化合物的合成方法。
附图说明
图1显示了在PCIR-1细胞中氯喹对TLR激动剂的细胞因子诱导的影响。在将细胞与单独的H2006、LPS或雷西莫特以及与氯喹的组合温育16小时后,使用TaqMan PCR测量了IL8mRNA的表达。
图2显示了TLR激动剂筛选的级联步骤。
图3显示了在用3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇(实施例III,TLR ago 1)处理的hPBMC中细胞因子mRNA的诱导。
图4显示了在Renca肺部转移模型中(Leja A,Hofmann HP,Maier T,Drache D,Grebe C,Fischer S,Gimmnich P,Sanders K,Gekeler V.,鼠Renca肾癌细胞向Balb/c小鼠肺部的转移受到TLR9或TLR7激动剂的强烈抑制(Metastasis of murine Renca kidney cancer cells to the lungs ofBalb/c mice is strongly suppressed by TLR9or TLR7agonists),摘要3552,Proc Am Cancer Res 48,2007)使用参比化合物进行的研究,TOG=7-硫-8-氧代鸟苷;IMDZQ=咪唑并喹啉衍生物。具体来说,分别从注射Renca LacZ肿瘤细胞后第1天或第8天开始,将雌性Balb/c小鼠(n=10)连续处理4天。按照指示,化合物(小分子(SMOL))在20%PEG中施用,ODN在0.9%NaCl中施用。在注射肿瘤细胞后25天切下肺(参见图4A)。
接下来,按照指示将雌性Balb/c小鼠(n=5)连续处理4天。化合物(SMOL)在20%PEG中施用,ODN在0.9%NaCl中施用。在处理的第4天,通过眼血管丛收集血液并切除脾。然后分离mRNA用于通过qPCR进行表达分析。将数据针对介质对照物(平均值设为1)进行归一化。统计学评估通过Mann-Whitney检验进行(参见图4B)。
图5显示了与图4类似的研究,但是在Renca肺部转移模型中使用3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇(实施例III,TLR ago 1)和N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺(TLR ago 2,实施例I)来进行。
发明详述
已经发现,将在下面更详细描述的咪唑并喹啉衍生物是有效的TLR7激活剂,并具有令人惊讶和特别有利的性质。
除了并基于上述之外,还已经发现,这些咪唑并喹啉衍生物的某些可药用的溶剂合物、盐、N-氧化物或立体异构体或其组合,具有令人惊讶和特别有利的性质。
本发明提供了式I的化合物,或其可药用的溶剂合物、盐、N-氧化物或立体异构体,或其组合:
其中
R1选自:-H、烷基、炔基、芳基、烷氧基、杂环基和杂芳基,
其中烷基、炔基、芳基、烷氧基、杂环基或杂芳基任选地被一个或多个基团取代,
所述基团选自例如:-H、-OH、卤素、-CO-N(R4)2、-N(R4)2、-CO-C1-10烷基、-CO-O-C1-10烷基、-N3、任选被取代的芳基、杂环基或-CO-芳基;
每个R4独立地选自:-H、-C1-10烷基、-C1-10烷基-芳基和芳基;
A是C1-C6烷基;
B是-N(R2)(R3);
R2是氢或-(CO)-R5;
R5选自:烷基、炔基、芳基、杂环基和杂芳基,其每个任选地被一个或多个基团取代,
所述基团选自例如:-H、-OH、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-COOH、-SH、-CO-C1-6烷基、-CO-O-C1-6烷基、-N3、任选被取代的芳基、杂环基、-CO-芳基或-CO-杂环基;
R3选自:-H、烷基、烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环基,
其中烷基、烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基或杂环基是未取代的或被一个或多个取代基取代,
所述取代基选自例如:-H、烷基、烯基、烷氧基、卤素、-OH、-N3、三氟甲基、-烷基-芳基、-O-烷基-芳基、-CO-芳基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基、-CO-杂芳基、-CO-取代的芳基、-CO-取代的杂芳基、-CO-O-烷基、-CO-N-烷基、-CO-N-芳基。
本文中使用的术语“烷基”、“烯基”、“炔基”和前缀“alk”包含了直链和支链基团和环状基团即环烷基和环烯基。除非另有指明,否则这些基团含有1到20个碳原子,对于烯基和炔基来说含有2到20个碳原子。优选的基团具有总共多达10个碳原子。环状基团可以是单环或多环,优选具有3到10个环碳原子。示例性的环状基团包括环丙基、环戊基、环己基和金刚烷基。
具体来说,术语“烷基”是指具有1到4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基。取代的烷基如上所定义。
此外,术语“炔基”是指具有至少两个碳原子并包含碳-碳叁键的烷基。取代的炔基如上所定义。
同样地,“烯基”是指具有至少两个碳原子并包含碳-碳双键的烷基。
此外,术语“烷氧基”是指通过氧原子连接的烷基。
本文中使用的术语“芳基”包括碳环型芳香环或环系统。芳基的实例包括苯基、萘基、联苯基、芴基和茚基。具体来说,术语“芳基”是指苯基或萘。在优选实施方案中,芳基是苯基。取代的芳基如上所定义。
术语“杂芳基”包括含有至少一个环杂原子(例如O、S、N)的芳香环或环系统。具体来说,示例性杂芳基包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异唑基、唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、硫茚基、异硫茚基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并异唑基、苯并唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、嘌呤基、苯并吡喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、萘啶基和苯并嗪基,它们在每种情况下是未取代的或可以任选地在一个或多个位置被取代。
取代的杂芳基被例如一个或多个卤素、羟基、芳基、烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基、羧基、氰基、三氟甲基、硝基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基或其组合取代。
本文中使用的术语“杂环基”是指含有至少一个环杂原子(例如优选选自O、SOx或N,其中x=0、1或2)的非芳香族环或单环或二环环系统。示例性的杂环基包括吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噻唑烷基、咪唑烷基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂二环辛烷基例如1-氮杂二环[2.2.2]-辛烷基、1-氧代和二氧代-四氢噻吩基或环戊基磺酰基,及其苯并稠合形式和/或N-氧化物,它们在每种情况下是未取代的或可以任选地在一个或多个位置被取代。取代的杂环基被例如一个或多个卤素、羟基、芳基、烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基、羧基、氰基、三氟甲基、硝基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基或其组合取代。
应该理解,本发明覆盖了上文中提到的取代基的所有组合。具体来说,本发明覆盖了上文中描述的优选基团的所有组合。
本发明的化合物的可药用盐包括所有无机酸和有机酸的加成盐以及与碱形成的盐,特别是所有可药用的无机酸和有机酸的加成盐以及与碱形成的盐,特别是制药中常规使用的所有可药用的无机酸和有机酸的加成盐以及与碱形成的盐。
酸加成盐的实例包括但不限于盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、D-葡萄糖酸盐、苯甲酸盐、2-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸盐、丁酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、马来酸盐、月桂酸盐、苹果酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、硬脂酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐和三氟乙酸盐。
与碱形成的盐的实例包括但不限于锂、钠、钾、钙、铝、镁、钛、铵、葡甲胺和胍的盐。其中,优选的是钠盐和铵盐。
盐包括水不溶性的盐,且特别是水溶性的盐。
当例如以晶体形式分离时,本发明的化合物及其盐可以包括各种不同量的溶剂。因此,在本发明的范围内包括了所有式(I)化合物及其盐的溶剂合物。所述溶剂合物的优选实例是水合物。
本发明的化合物及其盐的N-氧化物包括其中取代基部分的氮原子被氧化的化合物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物及其盐可以包括立体异构体。所述立体异构体中存在的每个手性中心可以具有绝对构型R或绝对构型S(根据Calm、Ingold和Prelog的规则)。所有这样的立体异构体及其盐都是本发明的一部分。本发明还包括上面提到的立体异构体的所有混合物,不论比率如何,包括外消旋物。
本发明的含有双键的化合物及其盐可以作为E异构体和Z异构体存在。所述两种异构体都包括在本发明中。Z异构体是其中由双键连接的碳原子各自在双键的同侧具有两个排序最高的基团的几何异构体。E异构体是其中由双键连接的碳原子各自在双键的相对侧具有两个排序最高的基团的几何异构体。
本发明的某些化合物及其盐可以以不同的结晶形式存在(多晶型物),它们也在本发明的范围内。
此外,本发明涵盖了在生物系统中能够被转化成化合物(I)或其盐的式(I)化合物的衍生物及其盐(生物前体或前体药物)。所述生物系统是例如哺乳动物生物体,特别是人类对象。生物前体通过例如代谢过程被转化成式(I)化合物或其盐。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,从本发明中排除了其中R1是-H、烷基、任选被取代的芳基、杂环基或任选被取代的杂芳基,R2是-(CO)-R5,其中R5是烷基、芳基或杂芳基,并且R3是-H或烷基的式I的化合物。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式Ia的化合物,它是如上定义的式I的化合物,其中R2是氢。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式Ib的化合物,它是如上定义的式I的化合物,其中R2是-(CO)-R5,并且R3选自:烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环基,其每个可以是未取代的或被一个或多个取代基取代。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式Ic的化合物,它是如上定义的式I的化合物,其中R1是炔基或烷氧基;并且R2是-(CO)-R5。
在本发明的式I的化合物、包括式Ia、Ib和Ic化合物的优选实施方案中,R3是杂环基,其可以是未取代的或被一个或多个如上所定义的取代基取代。
在式I的化合物、包括式Ia、Ib和Ic化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,R1是烷基,更优选是乙基。
在式I的化合物、包括式Ia、Ib和Ic化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,R5是烷基,更优选是甲基。
在式I的化合物、包括式Ia、Ib和Ic化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,R3是杂环基,其可以是未取代的或被一个或多个选自氢、烷基、烯基、卤素或-OH的取代基取代。
在式I的化合物、包括式Ia、Ib和Ic化合物的另一个优选实施方案中,A是C1-4烷基,更优选是C4烷基。
本发明的化合物的另一个优选实施方案涉及选自下列的式I的化合物:
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺,
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-甲基-1-氧化物哌啶-4-基)乙酰胺,
3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇,
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-苄基-2-甲基-1-氧化物吡咯烷-3-基)乙酰胺,
2-乙基-1-[4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基)丁基]-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺,
1-[4-(1-氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛-3-基氨基)丁基]-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺,或
1-{4-[(1,1-二氧化物-3,4-二氢-2H-硫色烯-4-基)氨基]丁基}-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
或其可药用的溶剂合物、盐、N-氧化物或立体异构体,或其组合。
本发明的药物组合物含有治疗有效量的本发明的式I(包括式Ia、Ib和Ic)的化合物与可药用载体的组合。
术语“治疗有效量”意味着化合物的量足以诱导治疗效应,例如TLR7的活化。这可以引起细胞因子诱导、抗肿瘤活性和/或抗病毒活性。尽管本发明的药物组合物中使用的活性化合物的精确量将随着本技术领域的专业人员已知的多种因素例如化合物的物理和化学性质以及载体的性质和所打算的给药方式而变化,但预期本发明的组合物将含有足够的活性成分,以向对象提供约100ng/kg到约50mg/kg、优选约10μg/kg到约5mg/kg的剂量。
可以使用任何常规剂型,例如片剂、锭剂、肠胃外制剂、糖浆剂、乳膏、软膏、气雾剂、透皮贴片、经粘膜贴片等。
本发明的化合物可以作为治疗方法中的单一治疗药剂给药,或者可以彼此或与其他活性药剂组合给药,所述其他活性药剂包括附加的抗癌剂、免疫应答调节剂、抗病毒剂、抗生素等。
此外,本发明涉及包含与至少一种可药用助剂在一起的至少一种本发明的化合物和可药用盐的药物组合物。
优选情况下,药物组合物包含一种或两种本发明的化合物和可药用盐。更优选情况下,药物组合物包含一种本发明的化合物和可药用盐。
在本发明的特别优选实施方案中,药物组合物包含与至少一种可药用助剂在一起的本发明实施例的化合物。
药物组合物可以包含至少一种本发明的化合物和可药用盐(在后文中称为“活性化合物”),其总量为0.1到99.9重量%,优选为5到95重量%,更优选为20到80重量%。
对于可药用助剂来说,可以使用任何已知适合于制备药物组合物的助剂。其实例包括但不限于溶剂、赋形剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增溶剂、成胶剂、软膏基料、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、载体、填充剂、粘合剂、增稠剂、络合剂、崩解剂、缓冲剂、渗透促进剂、聚合物、润滑剂、包衣剂、推进剂、张力调节剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、调味剂、甜味剂和染料。具体来说,使用适合于所需剂型和所需给药方式的类型的助剂。
药物组合物可被配制成例如片剂、包衣片剂(糖衣丸)、丸剂、扁囊剂、胶囊(锭)、颗粒剂、粉剂、栓剂、溶液剂(例如无菌溶液)、乳液、混悬剂、软膏、乳膏、洗剂、糊剂、油剂、凝胶剂、喷剂和贴片(例如透皮治疗系统)。此外,药物组合物可以制备成例如脂质体投送系统、其中活性化合物与单克隆抗体偶联的系统和其中活性化合物与聚合物(例如可溶性或可生物降解的聚合物)偶联的系统。
含有活性化合物和至少一种助剂的药物组合物可以以本技术领域的专业人员已知的方式制造,例如通过溶解、混合、成粒、制糖衣、研磨、乳化、囊封、截留或冷冻干燥步骤。
剂型的选择尤其依赖于药物组合物的给药途径。本发明的药物组合物可以通过任何适合的途径给药,例如通过经口、舌下、经颊、静脉内、动脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、表面、透皮、鼻内、眼内、腹膜内、胸骨内、冠状动脉内、经尿道、直肠或阴道途径,通过吸入或通过吹入。口服给药是优选的。
片剂、包衣片剂(糖衣丸)、丸剂、扁囊剂、胶囊(锭)、颗粒剂、溶液剂、乳剂和混悬剂适合于例如经口给药。具体来说,所述剂型可以被改造,以便表现为例如肠溶形式、立即释放形式、延迟释放形式、重复剂量释放形式、长效释放形式或缓释形式。所述形式可以例如以以下方式获得:通过片剂包衣、通过将片剂分配到用在不同条件(例如pH条件)下崩解的层分隔开的几个区室中、或通过将活性化合物与可生物降解聚合物偶联。
通过吸入给药优选通过使用气雾剂来进行。气雾剂是液体-气体分散体、固体-气体分散体或混合的液体/固体-气体分散体。
气雾剂可以利用气雾剂产生装置例如干粉吸入器(DPI)、加压计量式吸入器(PMDI)和喷雾器来产生。取决于待给药的活性化合物的种类,气雾剂产生装置可以含有粉末、溶液或分散体形式的活性化合物。粉末可以含有例如下列一种或多种助剂:载体、稳定剂和填充剂。溶液除了溶剂之外,还可以含有例如下列一种或多种助剂:推进剂、增溶剂(共溶剂)、表面活性剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、张力调节剂、防腐剂和调味剂。分散体除了分散剂之外,还可以含有例如下列一种或多种助剂:推进剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂和调味剂。载体的实例包括但不限于糖类,例如乳糖和葡萄糖。推进剂的实例包括但不限于氟代烃类,例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷。
气雾剂粒子(固体、液体或固体/液体粒子)的粒径优选小于100μm,更优选情况下它在0.5到10μm的范围内,特别是在2到6μm的范围内(ID50值,通过激光衍射测量)。
在局部给药的情况下,适合的药物制剂是例如软膏、乳膏、洗剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、粉剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、油剂、喷剂和贴片(例如透皮治疗系统)。
对于肠胃外给药方式例如静脉内、动脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、腹膜内和胸骨内给药来说,优选使用溶液剂(例如无菌溶液、等渗溶液)。它们优选通过注射或输注技术给药。
在鼻内给药的情况下,优选剂型是例如喷剂和以滴液形式施加的溶液剂。
对于眼内给药来说,示例性制剂是以滴剂形式施加的溶液剂、凝胶剂和软膏。
一般来说,本发明的药物组合物的给药可以使得活性化合物的剂量在TLR7激活剂常用的范围内。具体来说,对于体重为70kg的普通成年患者来说,优选的每天活性化合物剂量在0.01到4000mg范围内,优选为0.1mg到2000mg,更优选0.5mg到1000mg,最优选1mg到500mg。就此而言,应该指出剂量取决于例如所用的具体化合物、所治疗的物种、所治疗对象的年龄、体重、总体健康、性别和饮食、给药方式和时间、排出速度、待治疗疾病的严重性和药物组合。
药物组合物可以每天给药单一剂量,或每天给药多个分剂量,例如2到4剂。药物组合物的单一剂量单位可以含有例如从0.01mg到4000mg、优选0.1mg到2000mg、更优选0.5到1000mg、最优选1到500mg的活性化合物。此外,药物组合物可以被改造以适用于每周、每月或甚至频率更低的给药,例如通过使用植入物例如皮下或肌肉内植入物,通过使用微溶盐形式的活性化合物或通过使用与聚合物偶联的活性化合物来进行。
在按照下面提出的试验进行的实验中,已经显示了本发明的化合物激活TLR7。本发明的化合物可用作抗癌剂,用于对TLR7激活有响应的癌症。
说明性的癌症包括但不限于乳腺、膀胱、骨、脑、中枢和外周神经系统、结肠、内分泌腺、食道、子宫内膜、生殖细胞、头颈部、肾、肝、肺、喉和下咽、间皮瘤、肉瘤、卵巢、胰腺、前列腺、直肠、肾、小肠、软组织、睾丸、胃、皮肤、子宫、阴道和外阴的癌症;遗传性癌症、视网膜母细胞瘤和肾母细胞瘤;白血病、淋巴瘤、非霍奇金氏病、慢性和急性髓性白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、霍奇金氏病、多发性骨髓瘤和T细胞淋巴瘤;骨髓增生异常综合征、浆细胞瘤、副肿瘤综合征、原发位点未知的癌症和AIDS相关恶性肿瘤。
优选情况下,TLR7激动剂将用于治疗皮肤或肾脏的癌症。给定癌症对TLR7活化的敏感性可以通过但不限于下列方法来评估:测量原发或转移肿瘤载量的降低(少量、部分或完全退化),血像的改变,血液中激素或细胞因子浓度的改变,抑制肿瘤载量的进一步增加,稳定患者中的疾病,评估与疾病相关的生物标志物或替代标志物,延长患者的总体存活,延长患者疾病进展的时间,延长患者的无进展的存活,延长患者的无疾病的存活,提高患者的生命质量或调节疾病的并存疾病(例如但不限于疼痛、恶病质、动员、住院、血像改变、体重丧失、伤口愈合、发热)。
本发明的化合物还可以用作免疫应答调节剂,其能够以大量不同的方式调节免疫应答,使它们可用于各种不同疾病的治疗。
可以通过给药本发明的化合物来诱导的细胞因子一般包括干扰素(IFN)和/或肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及某些白介素(IL)。其生物合成可以被本发明化合物诱导的细胞因子包括IFN-α、TNF-α、IL-1、6、10和12,以及各种其他细胞因子。在其他效应中,细胞因子抑制病毒生产和肿瘤细胞生长,使得化合物可用于肿瘤和病毒性疾病的治疗。
除了诱导细胞因子产生的能力之外,本发明的化合物还影响先天性免疫应答的其他方面。例如,可以刺激自然杀伤细胞的活性,这种效应可能是由于细胞因子诱导所导致。化合物也可以激活巨噬细胞,它反过来刺激一氧化氮的分泌和其他细胞因子的产生。此外,化合物可以引起B-淋巴细胞的增殖和分化。
本发明的化合物还可能对获得性免疫应答有影响。例如,尽管不打算受到任何具体理论的束缚,但据信对T细胞没有任何直接影响或不直接诱导T细胞细胞因子,但是在给药所述化合物后间接诱导了1型辅助性T细胞(Th 1)细胞因子IFN-γ的产生,并抑制了2型辅助性T细胞(Th 2)细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的产生。该活性意味着所述化合物可用于治疗希望Th1应答上调和/或Th2应答下调的疾病。鉴于某些式I的化合物抑制Th2免疫应答的能力,预期该化合物可用于治疗与Th2应答过量刺激有关的病症,例如过敏性疾病例如过敏性皮炎;哮喘;过敏症;过敏性鼻炎;系统性红斑狼疮;作为疫苗佐剂用于由细胞介导的免疫;并可能用于复发性真菌疾病、牙周炎和衣原体的治疗。
化合物的免疫应答调节效应使它们可用于广泛不同病症的治疗。由于它们诱导细胞因子例如IFN-α和/或TNF-α和IL-12产生的能力,化合物在病毒性疾病和肿瘤的治疗中特别有用。这种免疫调节活性表明本发明的化合物可用于治疗疾病,例如但不限于病毒性疾病包括生殖器疣、寻常疣、跖疣、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、I型和II型单纯性疱疹、传染性软疣、HIV、CMV、VZV、上皮内瘤样病变例如宫颈上皮内瘤样病变、人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及相关瘤样病变;真菌疾病例如念珠菌病、曲霉病和隐球菌脑膜炎;肿瘤疾病例如基底细胞癌、毛细胞白血病、卡波西氏肉瘤、肾细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、粒细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、黑素瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、皮肤T-细胞淋巴瘤和其他癌症;寄生虫病例如卡氏肺孢子虫(Pneumocystis carinii)病、隐孢子虫病、组织胞浆菌病、弓形虫病、锥虫感染和利什曼病;以及细胞感染例如肺结核和鸟分枝杆菌(mycobacterium avium)病。其他可以使用本发明的化合物治疗的疾病或病症包括湿疹、嗜曙红细胞增多症、特发性血小板增多症、麻疯病、多发性脑硬化、Ommen′s综合征、盘状狼疮、鲍温病、鲍温样丘疹病;以及用于增强或刺激创伤包括慢性创伤的愈合。
因此,本发明提供了在动物、特别是哺乳动物、优选人类中激活TLR7的方法,所述方法包括向动物给药有效量的式I的化合物。化合物的有效量将随着本技术领域已知的多种因素而变化,但预期剂量将为约100ng/kg到约60mg/kg,优选约10μg/kg到约30mg/kg,更优选约10μg/kg到约5mg/kg。
本发明还提供了在动物中治疗病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括向动物给药有效量的式I的化合物。有效治疗或抑制病毒感染的量,是引起病毒感染的一种或多种表现例如病毒病损、病毒载量、病毒产生速度和死亡率与未治疗的对照动物相比降低的量。准确量将随着本技术领域已知的多种因素而变化,但预期剂量与上面对于TLR7活化所指出的相同,或为约100ng/kg到约50mg/kg、优选约10μg/kg到约5mg/kg的剂量。
治疗瘤形成性病症的有效量是将导致肿瘤尺寸或肿瘤病灶数减少的量。同样,准确量将随着本技术领域已知的多种因素而变化,但预期该剂量与上面对于TLR7活化所指出的相同,或为约100ng/kg到约50mg/kg、优选约10μg/kg到约5mg/kg的剂量。
本发明的化合物可以例如如下所述并按照下面指定的反应步骤、或具体来说按照与下面实施例中举例描述的方式来制备。
如反应图式A中所示,可以以如下方式来获得其中R3具有如上定义的含义的式7化合物:用硝酸处理喹啉-4-醇以产生式1的其硝基衍生物,再将其与三氯氧磷在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺存在下进一步反应以产生式2的4-氯-3硝基喹啉。式2化合物与(4-氨基-丁基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯反应后产生了式4的化合物,然后将其与原丙酸三乙酯在甲苯存在下反应,产生了式5的化合物。然后将式5的[4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯去保护,产生了式6的4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁胺。然后将式6的化合物用适合的杂环酮处理,获得了所需的式7化合物。
反应图式A
如反应图式B中所示,其中R2是-CO-R5并且所有其他符号具有如上定义的含义的式I的化合物,可以如下获得:将式7的化合物与分子式为R5-CO-O-CO-R5的适合酸酐进行反应以获得式8的化合物,然后将其用间氯过氧苯甲酸处理以产生式9的其N-氧化物衍生物。将式9的化合物使用氨水溶液进一步进行胺化,以获得所需的式I的化合物。
反应图式B
如反应图式C所示,其中R2是氢并且所有其他符号具有如上定义的含义的式I的化合物,可以如下获得:将式7的化合物与二碳酸二叔丁酯反应以获得式10的化合物,然后将其用间氯过氧苯甲酸处理以产生式11的其N-氧化物衍生物。将式11的化合物使用氨水溶液进一步进行胺化以获得式12的化合物,使用酸性条件将其去保护以获得所需的式I的化合物。
反应图式C
对于本技术领域的专业人员来说,已知如果在起始化合物或中间化合物中存在大量反应性中心,可能必需通过保护性基团暂时阻断一个或多个反应性中心,以便允许反应在所需反应中心处特异性地进行。
本发明的化合物通过其本身已知的方式进行分离和纯化,例如通过在真空中蒸馏除去溶剂,并将获得的残余物从适合的溶剂重结晶或对它进行常规纯化方法之一,例如在适合的支持材料上进行柱色谱。
本发明的式(I)化合物的盐,可以通过将游离化合物溶解在适合溶剂中(例如酮例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮或甲基异丁基酮,醚例如乙醚、四氢呋喃或二烷,氯代烃例如二氯甲烷或氯仿,或低分子量脂族醇例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇)来获得,所述溶剂中含有所需酸或碱,或然后向其中加入所需的酸或碱。在盐制备中可以使用的酸或碱,取决于所涉及的是一元的还是多元的酸或碱,还取决于所需的是哪种盐,是等摩尔定量比率的还是与此不同的。可以通过过滤、重新沉淀、用盐的非溶剂沉淀或通过蒸发溶剂来获得盐。获得的盐可以被转变成游离化合物,而游离化合物反过来也可以转变成盐。通过这种方式,可以作为例如工业规模制造中的过程产物而获得的不可药用的盐,可以通过本技术领域的专业人员已知的方法转变成可药用盐。
本发明的式(I)化合物可以在例如甲醇中的过氧化氢的协助下或二氯甲烷中的间氯过氧苯甲酸的协助下转变成其N-氧化物。本技术领域的专业人员熟悉用于执行N-氧化作用的反应条件。
本发明的化合物和盐的纯的非对映异构体和纯的对映异构体,当以这种立体异构体形式存在时,可以通过例如不对称合成、通过在合成中使用手性起始原料和通过拆分在合成中获得的对映异构混合物和非对映异构混合物来获得。
对映异构混合物和非对映异构混合物可以通过本技术领域的专业人员已知的方法拆分成纯的对映异构体和纯的非对映异构体。优选情况下,非对映异构混合物通过结晶、特别是分级结晶或色谱法来分离。对映异构混合物可以通过例如与手性辅助试剂形成非对映异构体、拆分获得的非对映异构体并除去手性辅助试剂来分离。对于手性辅助试剂来说,例如通过形成非对映异构盐,手性酸可用于分离对映异构碱,手性碱可用于分离对映异构酸。此外,非对映异构衍生物例如非对映异构酯,可以从相应的醇的对映异构混合物或酸的对映异构混合物使用相应的手性酸或手性醇作为手性辅助试剂来形成。此外,非对映异构复合物或非对映异构笼形包合物(clathrate)可用于分离对映异构混合物。可替选地,可以使用手性分离柱在色谱法中拆分对映异构混合物。分离对映异构体的另一种适合的方法是酶法分离。
正如本技术领域的专业人员将会认识到的,本发明不限于本文中描述的具体实施方案,而是覆盖了在权利要求书中定义的本发明的精神和范围之内的对所述实施方案的所有修改。
下面的实施例对本发明进行了更详细的说明而不是对其限制。此外,其制备未进行明确描述的本发明的化合物,可以按照类似的方式制备。
在实施例中提到的化合物及其盐代表了本发明的优选实施方案。
实施例
式6的4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁胺的制备
步骤-1:3-硝基-喹啉-4-醇
将喹啉-4-醇(1当量)在丙酸中的混合物在搅拌下加热到125℃。向搅拌的溶液中逐滴加入硝酸(2.2当量),同时将反应混合物温度维持在125℃。反应在125℃搅拌15分钟,并冷却到周围环境温度。将反应用乙醇稀释,并通过真空过滤收集固体。将固体相继用乙醇、水和乙醇洗涤。将得到的黄色固体在回流的乙醇中加热并从热混合物中过滤,得到纯的3-硝基-喹啉-4-醇。
步骤-II:4-氯-3-硝基-喹啉
将三氯氧磷(1.2当量)缓慢加入到步骤I中获得的式1化合物在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中充分搅拌的混悬液中。将反应混合物进一步加热到50℃并搅拌30分钟。将得到的溶液冷却到周围环境温度并倒入冰/水混合物中。通过过滤收集固体并干燥,以获得4-氯-3-硝基-喹啉。
步骤-III:{4-[(3-硝基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将式2的化合物(1当量)加入到(4-氨基-丁基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.2当量)和三乙基胺(1.5当量)在乙醇的溶液中。然后将反应混合物回流15分钟,然后用水稀释以沉淀不纯产物,将其通过过滤分离。向滤液加入饱和氢氧化铵溶液,通过真空过滤收集沉淀的固体并干燥,得到了式3的{4-[(3-硝基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-IV:{4-[(3-氨基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将式3的化合物(1当量)、5%炭载钯(2重量%)和硫酸镁在乙酸乙酯中的悬液,在Parr装置上,在50psi氢气下氢化4小时。然后将得到的反应混合物过滤,并将滤液在减压下浓缩以产生粗的固体,然后将其通过硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,以获得式4的{4-[(3-氨基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-V:[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向式4化合物(1当量)的甲苯溶液加入原丙酸三乙基酯(2当量),并将得到的反应混合物在80-90℃加热5小时。然后将反应混合物冷却,将溶剂蒸发以除去50%的甲苯。向剩余的反应混合物加入冰水,产物作为白色固体沉淀出来,然后将其通过真空过滤分离并干燥,得到式5的[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-VI:4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁烷-1-胺
将在步骤V中获得的式5的[4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯在三氟乙酸中的溶液,在40℃下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物倒在冰水混合物上,并用氯仿提取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥,并在减压下浓缩,得到式6的4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁烷-1-胺。
实施例I:N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺
步骤-I:N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢噻吩-3-胺
向在步骤VI中获得的4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁胺在四氢呋喃中的悬液加入乙酸(1当量)和二氢噻吩-3-酮(1.1当量)。将得到的反应混合物搅拌10分钟。在1小时时间内向反应混合物加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(2.2当量),然后将得到的悬液搅拌4-5小时。然后用甲醇将反应淬灭并浓缩至干。使用氢氧化钠水溶液将反应混合物碱化,并用氯仿提取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性固体。然后将产物通过硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,产生了N-[4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-(四氢噻吩-3-基)-胺。
步骤-II:N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺
向[4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁基]-(四氢-噻吩-3-基)-胺在二氯甲烷中的溶液加入三乙基胺(1.5当量)和乙酸酐(1.5当量),并在周围环境温度下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,产生N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺。
步骤-III:N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基])-N-[4-(2-乙基-5-氧化物-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]乙酰胺
向N-[4-(2-乙基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁基]-N-(四氢-噻吩-3-基)-乙酰胺在氯仿中的溶液加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(4当量),并在周围环境温度下搅拌2小时。然后将反应混合物用氯仿稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性物质。然后将产物通过硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,产生了N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基])-N-[4-(2-乙基-5-氧化物-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]乙酰胺。
步骤-IV:N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺
向(1,1-二氧化物四氢-1λ*6*-噻吩-3-基)-N-[4-(2-乙基-5-氧基-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)-丁基]-乙酰胺在氯仿中的溶液加入对甲苯磺酰氯(1.2当量),然后加入氢氧化铵水溶液。将得到的反应混合物在周围环境温度下搅拌过夜。然后将反应混合物用氯仿稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性固体,将其使用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,产生了标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.29(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),8.21(dd,1H,J=8.4Hz,J=3.0Hz),7.65(m,2H),5.49(s,2H),4.58(t,2H),3.78(t,2H),3.3(t,2H),3.02(q,2H),2.34(d,2H),2.2(t,1H),2.1(s,3H),2.09(m,2H),1.9(m,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.55(t,3H)。
实施例2-4也按照实施例1的步骤进行制备。
实施例II:N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-甲基-1-氧化物哌啶-4-基)乙酰胺
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.24(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),8.19(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),7.60(m,2H),5.60(s,2H),4.52(t,2H),3.75(t,2H),3.4(m,1H),3.2(m,4H),3.12(q,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.01(m,2H),1.99(m,4H),1.70(m,2H),1.51(t,3H)。
实施例III:3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.35(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),8.29(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),7.63(m,2H),5.56(s,2H),4.50(t,2H),4.42(m,1H),3.70(t,2H),3.62(m,1H),3.35(t,2H),3.12(q,2H),2.15(s,3H),2.05(m,2H),1.92(d,3H),1.8(t,2H),1.70(m,2H),1.51(t,3H)。
实施例IV:N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-苄基-2-甲基-1-氧化物吡咯烷-3-基)乙酰胺
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.31(dd,1H,J=8.4&J=3.0Hz),8.15(dd,1H,J=8.4Hz,J=3.0Hz),7.62(m,2H),7.55(m,5H),5.59(s,2H),4.50(t,2H),3.71(t,2H),3.35(t,2H),3.23(s,2H),3.21(q,2H),2.19(d,2H),2.15(t,1H),2.10(s,3H),2.09(m,2H),1.9(m,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.55(t,3H)
实施例V:2-乙基-1-[4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基)丁基]-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
步骤-I:N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-胺
向在实施例I的步骤VI中获得的4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁烷-1-胺在四氢呋喃中的悬液加入乙酸(1当量)和四氢吡喃-4-酮(1.1当量)。将得到的反应混合物搅拌10分钟。在1小时时间内向反应混合物加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(2.2当量),然后将得到的悬液搅拌4-5小时。然后使用甲醇将反应淬灭并浓缩至干。使用氢氧化钠水溶液将反应混合物碱化,并用氯仿提取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性固体。然后将产物通过硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,产生了N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-胺。
步骤-II:[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向N-[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-胺在二氯甲烷中的溶液加入三乙基胺(1.5当量),然后加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(1.5当量),并将得到的反应混合物在周围环境温度搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物完全蒸发并溶解在二氯甲烷中,用水洗涤,将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-III:[4-(2-乙基-5-氧化物-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向[4-(2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯在氯仿中的溶液加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(4当量),并在周围环境温度下搅拌2小时。然后将反应混合物用氯仿稀释并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性物质。然后使用硅胶柱色谱将产物纯化,产生了[4-(2-乙基-5-氧化物-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-IV:[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向[4-(2-乙基-5-氧化物-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯在氯仿中的溶液加入对甲苯磺酰氯(1.2当量),然后加入氢氧化铵水溶液。将得到的反应混合物在周围环境温度下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤。分离有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到粘性固体,然后使用硅胶柱色谱将其进行纯化,产生了[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
步骤-V:2-乙基-1-[4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基)丁基]-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
将[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯在三氟乙酸中的溶液在40℃下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物倒在冰水混合物上,并用氯仿提取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD)δ(ppm):8.2(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.75(m,2H),7.6(dt,1H,J=1.5&7.2Hz),4.69(t,2H),4.01(d,1H),3.98(d,1H),3.4(m,3H),3.2(m,2H),3.1(m,2H),2.0(m,4H),1.9(m,4H),1.5(t,3H)。
实施例6-7也按照实施例5的步骤进行制备。
实施例VI:1-[4-(1-氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛-3-基氨基)丁基]-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD)δ(ppm):8.01(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.67(dd,1H,J=1.2&8.4Hz),7.4(dt,1H,J=1.5&7.8Hz),7.33(dt,1H,J=1.2&7.5Hz),4.5(m,2H),4.2(m,2H),3.6(m,1H),3.4(m,1H),3.1(m,2H),3.0(q,2H),2.7(m,2H),1.9(m,3H),1.7(m,2H),1.5(t,3H),1.4(m,2H),1.3(m,3H)。
实施例VII:1-{4-[(1,1-二氧化物-3,4-二氢-2H-硫色烯-4-基)氨基]丁基}-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
1H NMR(300MHz,MeOD)δ(ppm):8.2(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.80(dt,1H,J=1.5&6.3Hz),7.73(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.64(dt,1H,J=1.5&7.5Hz),7.5(m,4H),4.59(t,2H),3.97(t,1H),3.70(m,1H),3.02(q,2H),2.71(m,3H),2.50(m,2H),1.99(m,2H),1.69(m,2H),1.48(t,3H)。
实施例A-体外分布作图:
建立了使用人类癌细胞系(PCIR-1)或人类PBMC级份来测试用于活化TLR7的化合物的细胞测定方法。
对TLR7和TLR9的特异性通过加入氯喹来检查,氯喹废除了通过内体TLR的信号传导。PCIR-1系统适合于以384孔格式通过基于珠子的测定方法测量与干扰素相关的细胞因子IP10。
PCIR-1中的TLR mRNA表达(TaqMan PCR分析)
TLR1++,TLR2(+),TLR3+,TLR4++,TLR5(+),TLR6++,TLR7++,TLR8-,TLR9+++,TLR10-。
用TLR激动剂参比化合物LPS(TLR4ago)、雷西莫特(咪唑并喹啉)和H2006(CpG寡核苷酸)处理该细胞系产生了强烈的细胞因子mRNA诱导。也检测到了对聚I-C双链RNA(TLR 3ago,在15小时后IP-10的诱导为40倍)和MALP-2(TLR 2/6异源二聚体ago,在15小时后IP-10的诱导为100倍)的响应。
RNA诱导数据通过平行的Luminex分析得到证实,所述分析显示出特别是IP-10和IL8细胞因子的强烈释放,并且也显示了IL6、IL12p40/p70和IL10的显著的蛋白水平。
通过TLR7和TLR9(二者都表达在内体中)的信号传导可以通过添加氯喹被完全阻断,已知氯喹扰乱内体的pH梯度。相比之下,由LPS诱导的TLR4信号传导不受影响(图1)
当前以高或中通量格式用于TLR激动剂筛选级联步骤的概念总结在图2中。
在mRNA或蛋白质水平上测试了本发明的化合物对特定细胞因子的诱导。化合物在细胞测定方法中显示出效力(图3)。
实施例B-体内PD分布作图:
下面,显示了在Leja A,Hofmann HP,Maier T,Drache D,Grebe C,Fischer S,Gimmnich P,Sanders K,Gekeler V.,鼠Renca肾癌细胞向Balb/c小鼠肺部的转移受到TLR9或TLR7激动剂的强烈抑制(Metastasisof murine Renca kidney cancer cells to the lungs of Balb/c mice is stronglysuppressed by TLR9or TLR7agonists),摘要3552,Proc Am Cancer Res48,2007中描述的Renca肺部转移模型中,使用参比化合物和本发明的化合物进行的研究。
图4A和4B显示了参比化合物的结果(TLR9以及TLR7激动剂,它们是SMOL或寡核苷酸;TOG=7-硫-8-氧代鸟苷;IMDZQ=咪唑并喹啉衍生物)。
具体来说,分别从注射Renca LacZ肿瘤细胞后第1天或第8天开始,将雌性Balb/c小鼠(n=10)连续处理4天。按照指示,SMOL在20%PEG中施用,寡核苷酸在0.9%NaCl中施用。在注射肿瘤细胞后25天切下肺(参见图4A)。接下来,按照指示将雌性Balb/c小鼠(n=5)连续处理4天。SMOL在20%PEG中施用,寡核苷酸在0.9%NaCl中施用。在处理的第4天,通过眼血管丛收集血液并切除脾。然后分离mRNA用于通过qPCR进行表达分析。将数据针对介质对照物(平均值设为1)进行归一化。统计学评估通过Mann-Whitney检验进行(参见图4B)。
在上述的同样条件下,对于SMOL作为参比化合物来说,在Renca肺部转移模型中测试了3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇(TLR ago 1,实施例III)和N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺(TLR ago 2,实施例I)TLR ago 1这两种本发明的化合物。
3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇(TLR ago 1,实施例III)被证明具有强的抗转移效果,事实上在短暂处理(第1-4天)后将肺完全清理(图5)。
Claims (22)
2.权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中R3选自:烷基、烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环基,其每个是未取代的或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基选自:-H、烷基、烯基、烷氧基、卤素、-OH、-N3、三氟甲基、-烷基-芳基、-O-烷基-芳基、-CO-芳基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基、-CO-杂芳基、-CO-取代的芳基、-CO-取代的杂芳基、-CO-O-烷基、-CO-N-烷基和-CO-N-芳基。
3.权利要求1或2的式I的化合物,其中R1选自:烷基、炔基、芳基、烷氧基、杂环基和杂芳基,其每个任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基选自:-H、-OH、卤素、-CO-N(R4)2、-N(R4)2、-CO-C1-10烷基、-CO-O-C1-10烷基、-N3、任选被取代的芳基、杂环基和-CO-芳基,其中每个R4独立地选自:-H、-C1-10烷基、-C1-10烷基-芳基或芳基。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的式I的化合物,其中R5被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基选自:-H、-OH、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-COOH、-SH、-CO-C1-6烷基、-CO-O-C1-6烷基、-N3、任选被取代的芳基、杂环基、-CO-芳基和-CO-杂环基。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的式I的化合物,其中R2是氢。
6.权利要求1-4任一项的式I的化合物,其中R2是-(CO)-R5;并且R3选自:烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环基,其每个是未取代的或被一个或多个取代基取代。
7.权利要求1-4和6任一项的式I的化合物,其中R1是炔基或烷氧基;且R2是-(CO)-R5。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的式I的化合物,其中R3是杂环基,其是未取代的或被一个或多个优选选自-H、烷基、烯基、卤素和-OH的取代基取代。
9.权利要求1-8任一项的式I的化合物,其中R3选自:二氧代-四氢噻吩基、哌啶基、四氢呋喃基、嘧啶、四氢吡喃基和氮杂二环辛烷基,其每个任选地被一个或多个基团取代。
10.权利要求1-9任一项的式I的化合物,其中R1是烷基,优选是乙基。
11.权利要求1-1O任一项的式I的化合物,其中R5是烷基,优选是甲基。
12.权利要求1的化合物,其是:
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1,1-二氧化物四氢-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺,
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-甲基-1-氧化物哌啶-4-基)乙酰胺,
3-{乙酰基[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]氨基}-2,5-脱水-1,3,4-三脱氧戊糖醇,
N-[4-(4-氨基-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丁基]-N-(1-苄基-2-甲基-1-氧化物吡咯烷-3-基)乙酰胺,
2-乙基-1-[4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基氨基)丁基]-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺,
1-[4-(1-氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛-3-基氨基)丁基]-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺,或
1-{4-[(1,1-二氧化物-3,4-二氢-2H-硫色烯-4-基)氨基]丁基}-2-乙基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
或其可药用的溶剂合物、盐、N-氧化物或立体异构体,或其组合。
13.权利要求1到12任一项的化合物,用作药物。
14.权利要求1到12任一项的化合物,用于对TLR7活化敏感的疾病的治疗。
15.权利要求14的化合物,其中疾病是对TLR7活化敏感的病毒性或瘤形成性疾病或癌症。
16.一种药物组合物,其含有治疗有效量的权利要求1到12任一项的式I的化合物与可药用载体的组合。
17.权利要求16的药物组合物,其含有的式I的化合物或其可药用的溶剂合物、盐、N-氧化物或立体异构体或其组合的量,足以向对象提供约100ng/kg到约50mg/kg、优选约10μg/kg到约5mg/kg的剂量。
18.权利要求16或17的药物组合物,用于对TLR7活化敏感的疾病的治疗。
19.权利要求18的药物组合物,其中疾病是对TLR7活化敏感的病毒性或瘤形成性疾病或癌症。
20.权利要求1到12任一项的化合物或权利要求16或17的药物组合物在制备用于活化TLR7的药物中的用途。
21.权利要求1到12任一项的化合物或权利要求16或17的药物组合物在制备用于治疗病毒性或瘤形成性疾病的药物中的用途。
22.权利要求1到12任一项的化合物或权利要求16或17的药物组合物在制备用于治疗对TLR7活化敏感的癌症的药物中的用途。
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