CN101970272B - 混合动力车 - Google Patents

混合动力车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101970272B
CN101970272B CN200880022298.9A CN200880022298A CN101970272B CN 101970272 B CN101970272 B CN 101970272B CN 200880022298 A CN200880022298 A CN 200880022298A CN 101970272 B CN101970272 B CN 101970272B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric power
power equipment
axle
front axle
rear axle
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200880022298.9A
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English (en)
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CN101970272A (zh
Inventor
M·弗赫特纳
D·克拉克斯纳
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K5/00Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/02Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units with the engine main axis, e.g. crankshaft axis, substantially in or parallel to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种混合动力车具有一台后置的内燃发动机、一个电能量储存器、以及至少一台电力机器,该电力机器被提供作为一台发电机用于在一个能量回收阶段的过程中对该电能量储存器进行充电,并且在一个驱动阶段的过程中对应地提供作为用于该内燃发动机的至少一个额外驱动,其中该内燃发动机驱动该混合动力车的后轴,并且其中该电力机器或每台电力机器是提供在距该后轴的一个距离处,具体的是在该前轴的区域中。

Description

混合动力车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车,该混合动力车具有至少一台电力机器,其中该电力机器在一个驱动阶段的过程中被提供作为一台内燃发动机的至少一个额外驱动。
背景技术
混合动力车通常配备有一台内燃发动机以及一台电力机器,其中,该内燃发动机通常可以仅仅是或者给一个电能量储存器(如,一个车辆电池)充电(串联式混合动力),或者被机械地连接到一个驱动轴上(并联式混合动力),或者二者兼备。为了在此能够降低混合动力车的燃料消耗或能量消耗,当该车辆在进行制动时,该电力机器被用作一台发电机并且因此对电能量储存器进行充电。因此,该电力机器起到了一个电动式制动器的作用并且回收了能量。此外,这减小了混合动力车的制动衬片(这允许由于磨损的更换)上的磨损、并因此减少了维修成本。在此之外或对此可替代地,它有可能提供该电力机器作为一台电动机的一种至少是附加的运行模式。其结果是,除了由内燃发动机对混合动力车进行驱动之外,一种额外的电力驱动(助推)是有可能的。此外,可以由该电力机器来提供一种完全电动的行进,例如,在对排放有限制时在短距离上进行。
具体地讲,不但纯粹地电动的行进而且回收对应量值的电能以及充分的助推都要求一种足够大小的电力机器。然而,这个电力机器要求相应的安装空间,增加了车辆的重量并且作为结果还影响了它的运动动力学。
发明内容
本发明的目的是补救这一问题。
这个目的是通过独立专利权利要求1以及2的特征来实现的。从属权利要求说明了本发明的多个有利的实施方案以及多种发展。
在具有一台后置的内燃发动机、一个电能量储存器以及至少一台电力机器(其中该内燃发动机驱动后轴)的一个混合动力车中,在距后轴的一个距离处(具体是在该前轴的区域中)提供了通常体积大的而且沉重的电力机器提供了多个优点。由于事实上沉重的电力机器没有额外地增加内燃发动机以及变速器的重量(该变速器造成在后轴上的加载),这导致该混合动力车的一种更加平衡的重量分布。此外,获得了额外的安装空间并且该安装空间的大部分已被该内燃发动机以及变速器所占据,在后轴的区域中不必额外地容纳体积大的电力机器。因此,一台电力机器的对应安排可以单独地进行选择,以便优化运动动力学并且利用该混合动力车的安装空间。此外,由于事实上前轴的一个至少是电动性的驱动可以更简单地来实施,并且由于事实上它使之有可能使这些机械部件(如,被放置距该电力机器一个距离处的多个轴)通过该内燃发动机而用于相应的四轮驱动,因此本发明提供了用于混合动力车的一种模块式的四轮驱动的基础。最后,本发明在带有一个后置的内燃发动机的混合动力车中在前轴处提供了的能量回收的选择,由于相对大的车轮负载,该选择与在后轴处相比是更加有利的。
在一种混合动力车中会获得相同的优点,如果该混合动力车具有一台前置的内燃发动机、一个电能量储存器、以及至少一台电力机器,该电力机器被提供作为一台发电机,该发电机在一个能量回收阶段的过程中对该电能量储存器进行充电,并且在一个驱动阶段的过程中被对应地提供作为该内燃发动机的至少一个额外的驱动,其中如果该电力机器或每台电力机器被提供在距该前轴的一个距离处(具体是在该后轴的区域中),则该内燃发动机对该混合动力车的前轴进行驱动。
在以下的文字中,在每种情况下仅考虑第一独立专利权利要求。然而,通过在文字对后轴与前轴或后置的与前置的内燃发动机对应地进行交换,将以一种相似的形式对应地获得第二独立专利权利要求。
在本发明的一个第一优选实施方案中,该至少一台电力机器被提供在距该变速器一个距离处的变速器的输入轴上。在此,由于事实上沉重的电力机器在非驱动轴的方向上被移位,该混合动力车的重量分配得到优化。该内燃发动机可以有利地由该电力机器(或者在静止状态中或者在行进过程中)起动。此外,一种对应的配置(特别是该变速器输入轴的长度)允许该电力机器以一个特别简单的方式放置在该混合动力车的一个希望的并且可供使用的安装空间中。通过该后轴的能量回收是有可能的,并且通过到该后轴上的变速器输入轴的助推以及电动行进是有可能的。此外,通过该电力机器以及该变速器输入轴,该内燃发动机的负载点的移动是有可能的。
在这种情况下,于是一种至少是任选的、常规的全轮驱动(即通过该内燃发动机)有利地是有可能的。为此目的,使该变速器输入轴延伸越过该电力机器远至该前轴的区域并且通过一个离合器以及车轴齿轮传动被机械地连接到其上。其结果是,当该变速器被穿通连接时(“直接的”,即:既不增加也不降低并且因此消除了齿轮传动的损失),可以通过该内燃发动机而引起该前轴的驱动。通过将该车轴齿轮传动效率水平考虑在内,于是它有可能或者使用后轴或者使用前轴和后轴二者用于回收、用于助推以及用于电动行进的目的。
如果一台分离的电力机器通过一个对应的离合器而分配给前轴的每个车轮,于是将获得进一步的优点。进而,通过该前轴齿轮传动(差速器)产生了到该变速器输入轴的连接。其结果是,在该前轴的电动“扭矩矢量分配(torque vectoring)”(通过对每一车轮专门的扭矩分配控制车辆运动动力学的可能性)成为可能,在这种情况下可以调整在差速器上的基本锁定扭矩。
在本发明的一个第二有利的实施方案中,该至少一台电力机器被连接到混合动力车的前轴上。在前轴与电力机器之间的运转连接具体地提供的优点是通过该前轴的回收变得有可能,该前轴处的车轮负载大于后轴处,并且因此可回收的能量同样大于后轴处的。这还引起对应的释放在这些前轴制动器上的负载。此外,因为在相对高的加速值下驱动扭的分配是由该后轴上的内燃发动机所支配的(通常后轴上的内燃发动机与前轴上的电力机器相比给予了更大的尺寸),所以获得了优良的车辆运动动力学。因此,在电动行进(即在相当小的加速度值和/或驱动扭矩)的情况下,就车辆运动动力学的考虑而言,一种前轴驱动也是可能的。
在本实施方案中,混合动力车的内燃发动机额外地具有一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机,用于处于静止状态以及行进过程的电动机的状态。本实施方案通过该前轴已经允许全部的混合动力功能,具体的是能量回收、助推以及电动行进。一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机的使用还允许作为一个额外优点的一种串联式混合运行模式。
如果在前轴与内燃发动机(即到该后轴)之间没有提供机械连接,则获得了一种特别节省空间的实施方案。这可以通过一台单独的电力机器来实现,该电力机器通过一个车轴齿轮传动被连接到前轴上。因此它有可能将一个分离的电力机器提供给前轴的每个车轮。因为这两台电力机器不是必须具有彼此间的一个连接,通过可能消除车轴齿轮传动而获得了重量的节省。此外,使用两台电力机器允许在该前轴上的电动“扭矩矢量分配”。
如果内燃发动机被机械地(即通过一个轴)连接到混合动力车的前轴上,则一种常规的全轮驱动(即通过该内燃发动机)成为可能。在这种情况下,常规的全轮驱动还可以通过提供一个离合器被任选地换档。与除了通过内燃发动机对后轴进行驱动之外的纯粹的前轴电动驱动相比,在此常规的全轮驱动在特定的运行范围内提供了一个更好的效率水平,例如像恒速行进。通过将车轴齿轮传动的效率水平考虑在内,现在有可能或者使用前轴或者使用后轴以及前轴二者来用于能量回收、用于助推以及用于电动行进。在此,还可以提供一台分离的电力机器,该电力机器或者平行于该前轴或者平行于在该内燃发动机与该前轴之间的轴;或者一台分离的电力机器可以被提供用于前轴的每个车轮。对于所有说明的变体,有利地提出在一台对应的电力机器与一个连接的、旋转质量(例如像一个变速器轴)之间提供一个额外的离合器这使之有可能一方面通过消除该电力机器的空转供能来获得,否则的话这将是必要的,以便当该电力机器被卸载时来克服机械阻力。当该混合动力车自由地转动(“滑行”)时,为此目的提供了该卸载电力机器的断开连接。另一方面,用于一个具体的运行范围(例如相对低转速的范围)的该电力机器特别调整是有可能的。在该范围之外,例如在相对高的转速范围中,将提供该电力机器的断开连接以便(例如)避免该电力机器的损坏,或者以便通过在传动系中消除惯性力矩来获得一种节省。因此,当一台单独的电力机器被安排在变速器输入轴上或者被安排在连接到变速器上的一个轴上时,于是在该电力机器与该变速器之间提供这样一个额外的离合器。当存在用于前轴的每个车轮的一台分离的电力机器时,这样一个额外的离合器将会对应地提供在该电力机器与该车轮之间。当该电力机器不再被加载或者如果一个特定的运转参数移到一个可预定的运行范围之外时,将提供一种对应的方法使额外的离合器被打开。因此,当该电力机器被再次加载或者如果一个特定的运转参数进入一个可预定的运行范围时,该额外的离合器于是将被关闭。
具体实施方式
现在将参见附图对本发明予以更详细地说明。
图1至图3示出了本发明的第一实施方案的三个不同的版本。在本实施方案中,该至少一台电力机器E1、E2被始终提供在内燃发动机V的变速器输入轴GEW上。在从车辆的静止状态以及行进过程中(例如在自由转动或电动行进阶段之后)内燃发动机V都是由电力机器E1、E2来起动。因此当内燃发动机V起动时在内燃发动机V本身上不需要一台分离的电力机器,这在混合动力车中就安装空间以及重量的改进分配而言产生了多个优点。
图1示出了一种解决方案,该解决方案在结构方面特别简单,其中仅提供了电力机器E1到由内燃发动机V驱动的后轴上的机械连接。这已经导致了一种完全的混合动力功能性。因此,通过变速器输入轴GEW以及电力机器E1,内燃发动机V的负载点的移动是有可能的。通过电力机器E1(作为一台电动机被驱动),在变速器输入轴GEW上的助推是有可能的,并且借助该后轴通过作为一台发电机运行的电力机器,能量回收是有可能的。通过使用变速器G的电力机器E1在后轴上的电动行进也是有可能的。在此情况下,额外地有可能的是在电力机器E1与变速器G之间在变速器输入轴GEW上提供一个离合器。所述离合器允许将电力机器E1断开连接,以便通过消除空转供能来获得一种节省并且以便执行用于一个特定运行范围(如低速)的更好调整。
图2示出了本发明的第一实施方案的一个发展,其中额外地提供了一个常规的全轮驱动,这就是说由一台内燃发动机提供动力的全轮驱动。然而,在这种配置中,只有当变速器G被改变到直接档的速度(即如果既不存在加速也不存在减速)时这才是有可能的。与图1中所展示的配置相比较,出现的进一步的区别是,通过处于直接档速的两个轴,助推或能量回收以及电动行进于是也是可能的。进而,还有可能的是在电力机器E1与变速器输入轴GEW上的变速器G之间提供一个离合器,以便通过消除空转供能来获得一种节省并且以便对应一个特定运行范围进行电力机器的更好的调整。
图3示出了本发明的第一实施方案的一个不同的版本。在此,提供了两台电力机器E1、E2并且它们被分配给前轴的对应车轮。将车轴齿轮传动的效率水平考虑在内,或者通过后轴或者通过两个轴的助推、能量回收以及电动行进都是有可能的。此外,存在着在前轴提供电动“扭矩矢量分配”的可能性,在这种情况下,可以设置车轴齿轮传动(差速器)处的基本锁定扭矩。为了在车辆的静止状态中起动内燃发动机V,将离合器K1和K2打开,将离合器K0关闭并且用两个电力机器E1和E2将内燃发动机V拖动起动。在电动行进的情况下,将离合器K1和K2关闭并且将离合器K0打开。于是为了起动内燃发动机V,将离合器K0关闭并且同时起动两个电力机器E1和E2,从而产生用于内燃发动机V的驱动扭矩/起动扭矩。
图4至图7各自示出了本发明的第二实施方案的特定配置,其中,该至少一台电力机器E1、E2被连接到前轴上。为了起动内燃发动机V,将一个起动机/发电机SG对应地提供作为用于车辆静止状态以及行进过程中的另一台电力机器。其结果是,存在至少两台电力机器E1、E2,其结果是可以形成一种串联的混合驱动。
图4示出了本发明的第二实施方案的一种配置,其中,在前轴与后轴之间没有机械连接。一个分离的电力机器E1、E2被分配给前轴的每个车轮上,使电动“扭矩矢量分配”成为可能。通过这些前轴,助推、能量回收以及电动行进各自是可能的。内燃发动机V的负载点的移动可以通过这些车轮来实现,这就是说通过在前轴“制动”或者通过内燃发动机V的起动器/发电机SG来实现。在每一情况下,借助于电力机器E1与E2之间的一个离合器以及所分配的这些车轮,通过消除一个对应的电力机器E1、E2的空转供能可以获得一种节省。
图5示出了本发明的第二实施方案的一种配置,其中,除了图4所示的配置之外,在该混合动力车的后轴与前轴之间提供了一种机械连接。这使之有可能形成一个常规的全轮驱动,这就是说由一台内燃发动机提供动力的全轮驱动。对于一种任选的(这就是说可换档的)全轮驱动,在此情况下有可能在前轴与后轴之间的轴上提供一个离合器。通过万向节轴、离合器以及车轴齿轮传动的内燃发动机V的负载点的移动是可能的,并且是受制于齿轮传动/车轴齿轮传动的效率水平。或者通过该前轴或者通过该前轴以及后轴的助推、能量回收以及电动行进是可能的,在此情况下这受制于车轴齿轮传动的效率水平。
图6和图7示出了两种配置,这两种配置是图5的替代方案并且它们各自提供了仅仅一台电力机器E1而不是两个。这允许一种更简单的机械结构,但是在该前轴处不再存在电动“扭矩矢量分配”的可能性。虽然根据图6提供了在前轴上并且与之平行的电力机器E1的一种安排,但在图7中存在的可能性是将电力机器E1安排在变速器G与前轴的车轴齿轮传动之间的轴上。在这种情况下,进而有可能在电力机器E1与变速器G之间提供一个离合器,其目的是为了将电力机器E1断开连接以便通过消除空转供能而获得一种节省并且以便对一个特定运行范围进行更好的调整。

Claims (6)

1.一种混合动力车,该混合动力车具有一台后置的内燃发动机、一个电能量储存器、以及至少一台电力机器,该电力机器被提供作为一台发电机用于在一个能量回收阶段的过程中对该电能量储存器进行充电、并且在一个驱动阶段的过程中被对应地提供作为该内燃发动机的至少一个额外驱动,其中该内燃发动机驱动该混合动力车的后轴,并且其中该电力机器或每台电力机器被提供在距该后轴的一个距离处,具体是在前轴的区域中;其中该至少一台电力机器被连接到该混合动力车的前轴上;其中该电力机器通过一个车轴齿轮传动被连接到该前轴上;其中该内燃发动机被机械地连接到该混合动力车的前轴上;其中该混合动力车的内燃发动机额外地具有一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机;其中所述电力机器被提供在所述前轴上且平行于所述前轴,或者被提供在距变速器一段距离处的该变速器的输入轴上;其中一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机的使用允许一种串联式混合运行模式;以及,其中通过将车轴齿轮传动的效率水平考虑在内,可使用后轴以及前轴二者来用于能量回收、用于助推以及用于电动行进。
2.一种混合动力车,该混合动力车具有一台前置的内燃发动机、一个电能量储存器、以及至少一台电力机器,该电力机器被提供作为一台发电机用于在一个能量回收阶段的过程中对该电能量储存器进行充电、并且在一个驱动阶段的过程中被对应地提供作为该内燃发动机的至少一个额外驱动,其中该内燃发动机驱动该混合动力车的前轴,并且其中该电力机器或每台电力机器提供在距该前轴的一个距离处,具体是在后轴的区域中;其中该至少一台电力机器被连接到该混合动力车的后轴上;其中该电力机器通过一个车轴齿轮传动被连接到该后轴上;其中该内燃发动机被机械地连接到该混合动力车的后轴上;其中该混合动力车的内燃发动机额外地具有一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机;其中所述电力机器被提供在所述后轴上且平行于所述后轴,或者被提供在距变速器一段距离处的该变速器的输入轴上;其中一个小齿轮、曲轴或作为第二电力机器的皮带驱动的起动器/发电机的使用允许一种串联式混合运行模式;以及,其中通过将车轴齿轮传动的效率水平考虑在内,可使用后轴以及前轴二者来用于能量回收、用于助推以及用于电动行进。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车,其中,该变速器输入轴被对应地延伸到远至该前轴或后轴的区域、并且通过一个离合器以及车轴齿轮传动被机械地连接到其上。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合动力车,其中,一台分离的电力机器通过一个对应的离合器被对应地分配给该前轴或后轴的每个车轮。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车,其中,一台分离的电力机器被对应地提供给该前轴或后轴的每个车轮。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车,其中,一个额外的离合器被提供在该电力机器、或每台电力机器与一个连接的旋转质量之间。
CN200880022298.9A 2007-07-06 2008-05-23 混合动力车 Expired - Fee Related CN101970272B (zh)

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