CN101945982A - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101945982A CN101945982A CN2009801053751A CN200980105375A CN101945982A CN 101945982 A CN101945982 A CN 101945982A CN 2009801053751 A CN2009801053751 A CN 2009801053751A CN 200980105375 A CN200980105375 A CN 200980105375A CN 101945982 A CN101945982 A CN 101945982A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- quality
- oil
- composition
- oil composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 carboxylate salt Chemical class 0.000 description 59
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 18
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid group Chemical group C(CCCC)(=O)O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002785 anti-thrombosis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004676 antithrombotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O BKZXZGWHTRCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolamine Chemical compound NCO XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNC GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVZUNTGFCXNQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nonyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVZUNTGFCXNQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical class C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VGNXWIZJUBKQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)(=S)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CC)(=S)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC VGNXWIZJUBKQFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003508 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002656 Distearyl thiodipropionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiosulfonate group Chemical group S(=S)(=O)[O-] GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
- C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
使用含有选自天然油脂、天然油脂的氢化处理物、天然油脂的酯交换物、和天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物之中的至少一种燃料的内燃机所使用的润滑油组合物,在基油中混合至少含有一个-C-S-C-键的硫黄化合物,所述-C-S-C-键所包含的硫黄以组合物全部重量为基准在0.3质量%以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用来自天然油脂燃料的内燃机所使用的润滑油组合物。
背景技术
目前,地球规模的环境限制越来越严峻,尤其是,在围绕汽车的情况下,燃费限制、尾气限制等越来越严峻。在此背景下,产生了来自对全球气候变暖等环境问题和石油资源干枯的担忧的资源保护。
另一方面,地球上存在的植物吸收大气中的二氧化碳、水和太阳光进行光合作用,生成碳水化合物和氧。因此,产自以植物为原料的植物油的所谓生物燃料,从削减全球气候变暖的主要因素二氧化碳,进一步,减少汽车排出的大气污染物质的效果等方面,备受瞩目。此外,存在由植物生物量的燃烧生成的二氧化碳不算在全球气候变暖气体的增加内的碳中和这个想法,可以预想今后烃系燃料中生物燃料的混合比率将增加(例如,参阅非专利文献1)。
非专利文献1:山根浩二著「バイオデイ一ゼル天ぷら鍋から燃料タンクヘ」东京图书出版会,2006年5月发行
发明内容
减轻由内燃机,尤其是应对柴油发动机的排出气体中煤烟等微粒物质(PM)和NOX等尾气成分引起的环境污染的对策成为重要的课题。作为其对策,在汽车上装备柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)和排出气体净化催化剂(氧化或者还原催化剂)等尾气净化装置会有效。例如,柴油发动机产生的煤烟附着到DPF之后,通过氧化、燃烧被除去。
此处,在柴油发动机上安装DPF时,为了燃烧过滤器中积蓄的煤烟,一般地,进行燃料后喷射。通过此后喷射,发动机油中的燃料稀释增大,预想发动机油性能下降。特别地,生物燃料从物性来看,容易积蓄在发动机油,以及,生物燃料劣化分解时,产生极性化合物,因此,对于发动机部件(活塞等)的腐蚀有大的坏影响。此外,由燃烧生成的金属氧化物和硫酸盐、羧酸盐等,容易发生过滤器堵塞的问题。进一步,由于所使用的发动机油的一部分经过燃烧,作为尾气排出,优选在润滑油中的金属分量和硫黄分量尽可能低。因此,在尾气净化催化剂的劣化对策上,优选减少润滑油中磷分量和硫黄分量。
然而,迄今为止,无法提供能充分适合生物燃料的润滑油。例如,单纯地减少润滑油中的金属,磷或者硫黄等含量,反而会有损害润滑性的担忧。尤其是,如上所述,生物燃料由于燃料自身劣化分解时产生极性化合物,容易腐蚀发动机部件这一点相当成问题。
据此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种即使将生物燃料和混合了生物燃料的燃料用于柴油发动机等内燃机,对于发动机部件腐蚀的影响也小的润滑油组合物。
为了解决上述课题,本发明提供以下的润滑油组合物。
(1)一种润滑油组合物,用于内燃机,所述内燃机使用含有选自天然油脂、天然油脂的氢化处理物、天然油脂的酯交换物、和天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物之中的至少一种燃料,其特征是,在基油中混合至少含有一个-C-S-C-键的硫黄化合物,所述-C-S-C-键所包含的硫黄以组合物全部重量为基准在0.3质量%以下。
(2)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是所述硫黄化合物不含-C-Sx-C-键。
(式中,x是2以上的整数。)
(3)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是混合0.35质量%以下的碱土类金属系清洁剂。
(4)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是磷含量以组合物为基准在0.12质量%以下。
(5)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是硫酸灰分在1.1质量%以下。
(6)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是,以组合物全量为基准,混合酚系抗氧化剂以及/或者胺系抗氧化剂0.3质量%以上。
(7)上述本发明的润滑油组合物,其特征是硫黄含量以组合物的全量为基准在0.5质量%以下。
根据本发明的润滑油组合物,使用由天然油脂等构成的所谓生物燃料的内燃机,即使在发动机油中混入生物燃料,也几乎不会对活塞等发动机部件显示腐蚀性。此外,本发明的润滑油组合物,由于能够减少DPF中残留的灰分,应用于安装有DPF的柴油发动机时,也不会引起DPF的性能下降。
本发明中的天然油脂,不限于来源于植物,也包含来源于动物的油脂。
具体实施方式
以下,针对本发明,对实施方式进行详细的说明。
本发明是使用含有选自天然油脂、天然油脂的氢化处理物、天然油脂的酯交换物、和天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物中的至少一种燃料的内燃机所使用的润滑油组合物。
此处,作为天然油脂,虽然可以使用自然界中存在的各种动植物油脂,但适宜使用以脂肪酸与甘油的酯为主成分的植物油,例如,红花油、豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油、棕榈核油、棉籽油、椰子油、米糠油、芝麻油、蓖麻子油、亚麻仁油、橄榄油、桐油、山茶油、花生油、木棉油、可可油、木蜡、葵花子油、玉米油等。
天然油脂的氢化处理物是指,在适当的氢催化剂的存在下,氢化上述油脂即所谓的氢化物。
此处,作为氢化催化剂,可以列举,镍系催化剂、铂族(Pt、Pd、Rh、Ru)系催化剂、钴系催化剂、氧化铬系催化剂、铜系催化剂、锇系催化剂、铱系催化剂、钼系催化剂等。此外,氢化催化剂优选组合2个以上上述催化剂进行使用。
天然油脂的酯交换物是指,在适当的酯合成催化剂的存在下,对于构成天然油脂的甘油三酯进行酯交换反应所得的酯。例如,在上述酯合成催化剂的存在下,通过使低级醇和油脂发生酯交换反应,生产构成生物燃料的脂肪酸酯。低级醇是作为酯化剂使用,可以举例甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇等碳原子数在5以下的醇,无论从反应性这点,还是成本这点,都优选甲醇。此种低级醇,一般地,以相当于油脂的当量以上的量使用。
此外,天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物是指,在适当的氢化催化剂的存在下,氢化上述酯交换物得到的氢化物。
天然油脂、天然油脂的氢化处理物、天然油脂的酯交换物、和天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物通过添加到轻油等烃构成的燃料中,也可适宜用作为混合燃料。
作为应用于本发明的润滑油组合物的基油,无特别限制,可以适当地从历来作为内燃机用润滑油的基油使用的矿物油和合成油中任意选择。
作为矿物油,可以举例,例如,将原油进行常压蒸馏所得到的常压残油再进行减压蒸馏,将所得到的润滑油馏分进行1个以上的溶剂脱沥青、溶剂萃取、氢解作用、溶剂脱蜡、催化脱蜡、氢化精制等处理进行精制得到的矿物油,或者将石蜡、GTL(Gas-To-Liquid)石蜡异构化制造的矿物油等。
另一方面,作为合成油,可以列举,例如,聚丁烯、聚烯烃[α-烯烃单聚物和共聚物(例如,乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物)等]、各种酯(例如,多元醇酯、二元酸酯、磷酸酯等)、各种醚(例如,聚苯醚等)、聚乙醇、烷基苯、烷基萘等。这些合成油当中,特别优选聚烯烃、多元醇酯。
本发明中,作为基油,可以使用1种上述矿物油,也可以2种以上组合使用。此外,可以使用1种上述合成油,也可以2种以上组合使用。进一步,还可以将1种以上矿物油和1种以上合成油组合使用。
对于基油的粘度,无特别限制,根据润滑油组合物的用途而不同,但通常在100℃中的动粘度优选2~30mm2/s、更优选3~15mm2/s、特别优选4~10mm2/s。100℃中的动粘度在2mm2/s以上时,蒸发损失少,此外在30mm2/s以下时,由黏性阻力引起的动力损失受到抑制,获得燃费改善效果。
作为基油,优选使用通过环分析%CA在3以下,硫黄分的含量在50质量ppm以下的基油。此处,通过环分析得到的%CA表示,通过环分析n-d-m法算出芳香族分的比例(百分数)。此外,硫黄分是依据JIS(Japanese Industrial Standard,以下同)K 2541测定的值。
%CA在3以下,硫黄分在50质量ppm以下的基油显示出良好的氧化稳定性,可以提供在能够抑制酸值的上升和油泥的生成的同时,对于金属的腐蚀性小的润滑油组合物。更优选的硫黄分在30质量ppm以下。此外,更优选的%CA在1以下,进一步优选在0.5以下。
进一步,基油的粘度指数优选在70以上,更优选在100以上,进一步优选在120以上。此粘度指数在70以上的基油,随温度的变化引起的粘度变化小。
本发明的润滑油组合物,在上述基油中混合至少含有一个-C-S-C-键的硫黄化合物。
此种硫黄化合物,优选具有溶解或者均一分散于润滑油基油的性质,可以举例,例如,硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化酯、硫化烯烃、二氢芹基单硫化物、噻二唑化合物、硫代磷酸酯(硫代磷酸、硫代磷酸酯)、烷基硫代氨基甲酰基化合物、硫代氨基甲酸酯化合物、硫代萜类化合物、二烷基硫代二丙酸酯化合物等。其中,适宜使用作为硫黄系抗氧化剂使用的硫黄化合物。
此处,硫化油脂是由硫黄和含硫化合物与油脂(猪油、鲸油、植物油、鱼油等)反应所获得,硫黄含量无特别限制,一般地,适宜为5~30质量%。作为具体例,可以列举,硫化猪油、硫化菜籽油、硫化蓖麻油、硫化豆油、硫化米糠油等。硫化脂肪酸的例子举例有,硫化油酸等,硫化酯的例子举例有,硫化油酸甲酯和硫化米糠脂肪酸辛酯或者双十三烷基硫代丙酸酯等。
作为本发明所适用的硫化烯烃,可以举例,下式(1)所表示的化合物。
R1-S-R2 (1)
式中,R1表示碳原子数2~15的烯基,R2表示碳原子数2~15的烷基或者烯基。
此化合物由碳原子数2~15的烯烃或者其二~四聚物与硫黄、氯化硫等硫化剂反应获得,作为该烯烃,优选丙烯、异丁烯、二异丁烯等。
作为二氢芹基单硫化物,可以举例下式(2)所表示的化合物。
R3-S-R4 (2)
式中,R3和R4分别表示碳原子数1~20的烷基或者环烷基、碳原子数6~20的芳基、碳原子数7~20的烷基芳基或者碳原子数7~20的芳基烷基,相互之间可以相同也可以不同。
此处,R3和R4为烷基的情况下,也称为硫化烷基。
作为上式(2)中的R3和R4,可以举例,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、各种戊基、各种己基、各种庚基、各种辛基、各种壬基、各种癸基、各种十二烷基、环己基、环辛基、苯基、萘基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、苯甲基、苯乙基等。
作为此二氢芹基单硫化物(ジヒドロカルビルモノサルフアイド),优选例如,联苄基单硫、各种二壬基单硫、各种双十二烷基单硫、各种二丁基单硫、各种二辛基单硫、二苯基单硫、二环己基单硫等。
作为噻二唑化合物,优选例如,下式(3)~(5)所表示的1,3,4-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑化合物、1,4,5-噻二唑等。
【化1】
上式中,R5和R6各自独立地表示碳原子数1~20的烃基。
作为此噻二唑化合物,优选例如,2,5-双-(正己基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、2,5-双-(正辛基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、2,5-双(正壬基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、2,5-双-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、3,5-双-(正己基二硫代)-1,2,4-噻二唑、3,5-双-(正辛基二硫代)-1,2,4-噻二唑、3,5-双-(正壬基二硫代)-1,2,4-噻二唑、3,5-双-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基二硫代)-1,2,4-噻二唑、4,5-双-(正己基二硫代)-1,2,3-噻二唑、4,5-双-(正辛基二硫代)-1,2,3-噻二唑、4,5-双-(正壬基二硫代)-1,2,3-噻二唑、4,5-双-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基二硫代)-1,2,3-噻二唑等。
作为硫代磷酸酯,可以列举,三硫代磷酸烷基酯、芳基或者烷基芳基硫代磷酸酯、二月桂基二硫代磷酸锌等,特别优选月桂基三硫代磷酸酯、三苯基硫代磷酸酯。
作为烷基硫代氨基甲酰基化合物,可以列举,下式(6)、(7)所示的化合物。
【化2】
上式中,R7~R10各自独立地表示碳原子数1~20的烷基。R11表示碳原子数1~20的亚烷基。
作为此烷基硫代氨基甲酰基化合物,可以优选列举,例如,双-(二甲基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫、双(二丁基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫、双(二甲基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫、双(二丁基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫、双(二戊基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫、双-(二辛基硫代氨基甲酰基)单硫以及亚甲基双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)等。
进一步,作为硫代氨基甲酸酯化合物,可以列举,例如,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,作为硫代萜类化合物,可以列举,例如,五硫化磷与松萜的生成物,作为二烷基硫代二丙酸酯化合物,可以列举,例如,二月桂基硫代二丙酸酯、二硬脂酰硫代二丙酸酯等。
通过在润滑油组合物中加入上述特定的硫黄化合物,可以大幅度地减少发动机部件等的腐蚀。
但是,上述硫黄化合物的混合量换算成化合物中包含在-C-S-C-键中的硫黄,以组合物全量为基准,必须在0.3质量%以下。包含在-C-S-C-键中的硫黄换算量超过0.3质量%时,反而增加对发动机部件等的腐蚀性。此硫黄换算量优选为0.05~0.2质量%。
进一步,作为硫黄化合物,优选不含-C-Sx-C-键(x为2以上的整数)。所谓的具有多硫化物结构的硫黄化合物,从对发动机部件等的腐蚀性这点,并不优选。特别是在生物燃料的存在下,反而增加铜和铅的溶出量。
本发明的润滑油组合物优选混合碱土类金属系清洁剂。
作为碱土类金属系清洁剂,适宜列举有,例如,碱土类金属磺酸盐、碱土类金属酚盐、碱土类金属水杨酸盐和选自其中的2种以上的混合物。
作为碱土类金属磺酸盐,可以列举,磺化分子量为300~1、500,优选400~700的烷基芳香族化合物所得的烷基芳香族磺酸的碱土类金属盐,特别是镁盐以及/或者钙盐等,当中优选使用钙盐。
作为碱土类金属酚盐,可以列举,烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、烷基酚的曼尼希反应物的碱土类金属盐、特别是镁盐以及/或者钙盐等,当中特别优选钙盐。
作为碱土类金属水杨酸盐,可以列举,烷基水杨酸的碱土类金属盐,特别是镁盐和/或者钙盐等,当中优选使用钙盐。作为构成上述碱土类金属系清洁剂的烷基,优选碳原子数为4~30的烷基,更优选6~18的直链或者支链烷基,其为直链、支链均可。也可为伯烷基、仲烷基或叔烷基。
此外,碱土类金属磺酸盐、碱土类金属酚盐和碱土类金属水杨酸盐不仅包含使上述烷基芳香族磺酸、烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、烷基酚的曼尼希反应物、烷基水杨酸等直接与镁和/或者钙的碱土类金属的氧化物或氢氧化物等碱土类金属碱反应,或者,通过从钠盐和钾盐等碱金属盐中置换碱土类金属盐所得的中性碱土类金属磺酸盐、中性碱土类金属酚盐和中性碱土类金属水杨酸盐,还包括中性碱土类金属磺酸盐、中性碱土类金属酚盐和中性碱土类金属水杨酸盐与过量的碱土类金属盐和碱土类金属碱在水的存在下加热得到的碱性碱土类金属磺酸盐、碱性碱土类金属酚盐和碱性碱土类金属水杨酸盐和,在二氧化碳的存在下,使中性碱土类金属磺酸盐、中性碱土类金属酚盐和中性碱土类金属水杨酸酯与碱土类金属的碳酸盐或硼酸盐反应得到的过碱性碱土类金属磺酸盐、过碱性碱土类金属酚盐和过碱性碱土类金属水杨酸盐。
本发明中,碱土类金属系清洁剂的混合量,换算成碱土类金属量在0.35质量%以下,优选0.01~0.35质量%,更优选在0.1~0.35质量%。碱土类金属系清洁剂的混合量在0.01质量%以上时,可以得到具有优异的氧化稳定性、碱值维持性和高温洁净性的润滑油组合物。另一方面,碱土类金属系清洁剂的混合量越过0.35质量%时,有容易引起净化尾气的催化剂的性能下降的担忧。此外,适用于安装了DPF的柴油机发动机的情况下时,有DPF的灰分附着量增多,DPF的寿命缩短的担忧。
本发明的润滑油组合物,作为抗氧化剂,优选混合酚系抗氧化剂和/或胺系抗氧化剂。
作为酚系抗氧化剂,可以列举,例如,八癸基-3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-苯酚)丙酸酯、4,4’-亚甲基二(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-二(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-二(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);2,2’-亚甲基二(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚);2,2’-亚甲基二(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-亚丁基二(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-异亚丙基二(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚);2,2’-亚甲基二(4-甲基-6-壬基苯酚);2,2’-异亚丁基二(4,6-二甲基苯酚);2,2’-亚甲基二(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚);2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚;2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚;2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚;2,6-二叔戊基-对甲酚;2,6-二叔丁基-4-(N,N’-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚);4,4’-硫代二(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);4,4’-二硫代(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);2,2’-硫代二(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚);二(3-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯甲基)硫;二(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)硫;正辛基-3-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯、正十八烷基-3-(4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯;2,2’-硫代[二乙基-二-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯等。其中,特别适宜的是二苯酚系和含酯基苯酚系。
作为胺系抗氧化剂,可以举例,单辛基二苯胺、单壬基二苯胺等单烷基二苯胺系、4,4’-二丁基二苯胺、4,4’-二戊基二苯胺、4,4’-二己基二苯胺、4,4’-二庚基二苯胺、4,4’-二辛基二苯胺、4,4’-二壬基二苯胺等二烷基二苯胺系、四丁基二苯胺、四己基二苯胺、四辛基二苯胺、四壬基二苯胺等聚烷基二苯胺系和萘胺系,具体的有,α-萘胺、苯基-α-萘胺,还有丁苯基-α-萘胺、戊苯基-α-萘胺、己苯基-α-萘胺、庚苯基-α-萘胺、辛苯基-α-萘胺、和壬苯基-α-萘胺等烷基取代苯基-α-萘胺等。其中,适宜选用二烷基二苯胺系和萘胺系。
作为其他的抗氧化剂,还可以使用钼胺络合物系抗氧化剂。作为钼胺络合物系抗氧化剂,可以使用6价钼化合物,具体地,如三氧化钼和/或者钼酸与胺化合物的反应生成物,例如,特开2003-252887号公报所述的生产方法所得的化合物。作为与6价钼化合物反应的胺化合物无特别限制,具体地可以列举,单胺、二胺、多胺和烷醇胺。更具体地,可以列举,甲胺、乙胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、甲基乙基胺、甲基丙基胺等具有碳原子数为1~30的烷基(这些烷基可以是直链状也可以是支链状)的烷基胺;乙烯胺、丙烯胺、丁烯胺、辛烯胺和油胺等具有碳原子数为2~30的烯基(这些烯基可以为直链状也可以为支链状)的链烯胺;甲醇胺、乙醇胺、甲醇乙醇胺、甲醇丙醇胺等具有碳原子数为1~30的烷醇基(这些烷醇基可以为直链状也可以为支链状)的烷醇胺;亚甲基二胺、乙二胺、丙二胺和丁二胺等具有碳原子数为1~30的亚烷基的亚烷基二胺;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺等多胺;十一烷基二乙基胺、十一烷基二乙醇胺、十二烷基二丙醇胺、油基二乙醇胺、油基丙二胺、硬脂酰四亚乙基五胺等在上述单胺、二胺、多胺中具有碳原子数为8~20的烷基或者烯基的化合物或咪唑啉等杂环化合物;这些化合物的烯化氧加成物;和这些化合物的混合物等。此外,可以列举,日本专利特公平3-22438号公报和特开2004-2866号公报所述的丁二酸酰亚胺的含硫钼络合物等。
上述抗氧化剂的混合量,以组合物全量为基准,在0.3质量%以上,优选在0.5质量%以上。另一方面,越过2质量%时,有不溶于润滑油基油的担忧。因此,抗氧化剂的混合量以组合物全量为基准优选在0.3~2质量%的范围内。
本发明的润滑油组合物,在不影响本发明效果的范围内,根据需要可以混合其他添加剂,例如,粘度指数提高剂、抗凝剂、耐摩耗剂、无灰系摩擦减少剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂、表面活性剂、和消泡剂等。
作为粘度指数提高剂,可以列举,例如,聚甲基丙烯酸酯、分散型聚甲基丙烯酸酯、烯烃系共聚物(例如,乙烯-丙烯共聚物等)、分散型烯烃系共聚物、苯乙烯系共聚物(例如,苯乙烯-二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物等)等。这些粘度指数提高剂的混合量从混合效果这一点,以组合物全量为基准,为0.5~15质量%左右,优选1~10质量%。
作为抗凝剂,可以列举例如,质均分子量在5000~50000左右的聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。
作为耐摩耗剂,举例有二硫代磷酸锌、二硫代氨基甲酸锌、磷酸锌、二硫化物类、硫化烯烃类、硫化油脂类、硫化酯类、硫代碳酸酯类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类(例如,Mo-DTC)等含硫化合物;亚磷酸酯类、磷酸酯类、磺酸酯类和它们的胺盐或金属盐等含磷化合物;硫代亚磷酸酯类、硫代磷酸酯类(例如,Mo-DTP)、硫代磺酸酯类和它们的胺盐或金属盐等的含硫和磷的防磨耗剂。但是,这些化合物有增加对发动机部件等的腐蚀性的担忧,在与本发明中的上述硫黄化合物并用时需要留意。
作为无灰系摩擦减少剂,可以列举,例如,单型或者二型聚丁烯基丁二酸酰亚胺和/或者其硼化物、苯甲胺、聚链烯胺等,优选具有质均分子量在700~3500的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯基丁二酰亚胺。其他,可以例举例如,在分子中至少具有1个碳原子数为6~30的烷基或者烯基的脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪醚、脂肪酯、脂肪胺和脂肪族酰胺等。
作为无灰系分散剂,无灰系分散剂的含有比例相对于100质量份基油,优选在0.5~10质量份。
作为防锈剂,可以列举,石油磺酸酯(盐)、烷基苯磺酸酯(盐)、二壬基萘磺酸酯、链烯基丁二酸酯、多元醇酯等。这些防锈剂的混合量从混合效果这一点,以组合物全量为基准,通常为0.01~1质量%左右,优选0.05~0.5质量%。
作为金属减活剂(铜防腐蚀剂),可以列举,例如,苯并三唑系、甲苯基三唑系、噻二唑系、咪唑系和嘧啶系化合物等。其中,优选苯并三唑系化合物。通过混合金属减活剂,可以抑制发动机部件的金属腐蚀和氧化劣化。此种金属减活剂,优选与上述规定的硫黄化合物并用。
这些金属减活剂的混合量从混合效果这一点,以组合物全量为基准,优选0.01~0.1质量%,更优选0.03~0.05质量%。
作为表面活性剂,可以列举,聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯醚和聚氧乙烯烷基萘醚等聚亚烷基二醇系非离子性表面活性剂等。
作为消泡剂,可以列举,硅油、氟硅油和氟烷基醚等,从消泡效果和经济平衡性等观点,以组合物全量为基准,优选混合0.005~0.1质量%左右。
本发明的润滑油组合物中,硫黄含量以组合物全量为基准,优选在0.5质量%以下,更优选在0.3质量%以下,进一步优选0.2质量%以下。硫黄含量在0.5质量%以下时,可以有效地抑制净化尾气的催化剂的性能下降。
本发明的润滑油组合物中,磷含量以组合物全量为基准,优选在0.12质量%以下,更优选0.1质量%以下。磷含量在0.12质量%以下时,可以有效地抑制净化尾气的催化剂的性能下降。
此外,本发明的润滑油组合物中,硫酸灰分优选1.1质量%以下,更优选在1质量%以下。硫酸灰分在1.1质量%以下,可以有效地抑制净化尾气的催化剂的性能下降。此外,柴油发动机中,DPF的过滤器中堆积的灰分量少,可以抑制该过滤器的灰分堵塞,延长DPF的寿命。此硫酸灰分是指在燃烧样本产生的碳化残留物中加入硫酸进行加热,至恒量时的灰分,通常用于为了获知润滑油组合物中的金属系添加剂的大概量。具体地,依据JIS K 2272中[5.硫酸灰分试验方法]所规定的方法进行测定。
内燃机中润滑油的蒸发性的增大会增加润滑油本身的消耗量,引起润滑油寿命下降,还会由尾气催化剂的飞散量增大容易引起催化剂的能力·寿命下降。据此,本发明的润滑油组合物中,依据JPI(Japan Petroleum Institute,下同)-5S-41-93测定的NOACK蒸发量优选在15质量%以下,更优选在13质量%以下,进一步优选在10质量%以下。
实施例
接着,通过实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明,但本发明并不限定于此。
〔实施例1~2、比较例1~4〕
按照表1所示的混合组成配制润滑油组合物,进行以下所示的腐蚀性试验。用于配制润滑油组合物的各成分的种类如下。
(1)基油:氢化精制基油,40℃的运动粘度为20.4mm2/s、100℃的运动粘度为4.28mm2/s、粘度指数为116、%CA0.0、硫黄含量不足20质量ppm
(2)粘度指数提高剂:OCP、质均分子量为800000
(3)抗凝剂:聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、质均分子量为60000
(4)金属系清洁剂:过碱性水杨酸钙、碱值(过氯酸法)225mgKOH/g、钙含量7.8质量%、硫黄含量0.3质量%
(5)聚丁烯基丁二酸单亚胺A:聚丁烯基的数均分子量为1000、氮含量1.2质量%、硼含量为1.3质量%
(6)聚丁烯基丁二酸二酰亚胺B:聚丁烯基的数均分子量为2000、氮含量为1.2质量%
(7)酚系抗氧化剂:十八烷基-3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯
(8)胺系抗氧化剂:二烷基二苯胺、氮含量4.62质量%
(9)二烷基二硫代磷酸锌:Zn含量9.0质量%、磷含量8.2质量%、硫黄含量17.1质量%、烷基;仲丁基和仲己基的混合物
(10)硫黄系抗氧化剂A:亚甲基二(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)
(11)硫黄系抗氧化剂B:双十三烷基硫代二丙酸酯
(12)硫黄系抗氧化剂C:二叔十二烷基三硫
(13)硫黄系抗氧化剂D:MoDTC
(14)铜防腐蚀剂:1-[N,N-二-(2-乙基己烷)氨基甲基]甲基苯并三唑
(15)消泡剂:硅酮系消泡剂
各润滑油组合物的性状测定和腐蚀性试验如下进行。
(钙含量)
依据JPI-5S-38-92进行测定。
(硫黄含量)
依据JIS K2541进行测定。
(磷含量)
依据JPI-5S-38-92进行测定。
(硫酸灰分)
依据JIS K 2272进行测定。
(腐蚀性试验)
设定内燃机中燃料和润滑油的混合比例,相对于上述各润滑油组合物(新油),混合10质量%的生物燃料(用甲醇对菜籽油进行酯交换所得的燃料)的混合油作为试验用润滑油组合物。
腐蚀性试验这样进行,取各混合油100g作为试样装于玻璃容器(直径40mm×高度300mm)后,保持油温125℃,以88ml/min的速度吹入168小时的空气。之后,使用等离子体发射光谱分析(ICP)测定溶出到试样油中的铜(Cu)和铅(Pb)的量。
对不混合生物燃料的润滑油组合物进行同样的腐蚀性试验,以此作为参考例。
各润滑油组合物的性状和腐蚀性试验的结果示于表1中。
【表1】
评价结果
从表1的腐蚀性试验结果可知,使用了本发明的润滑油组合物的实施例1~2中,即使适用于添加了生物燃料的润滑油组合物中,铜(Cu)和铅(Pb)的溶出量也很少。特别要提及的是,与参考例1、2中没有添加生物燃料的体系相比较,铅的溶出量也较少。
另一方面,比较例1中,没有混合本发明特定的硫黄化合物,铜和铅的溶出量增多。此外,比较例2、3中的聚硫化物等,虽然混合了硫黄化合物,铜和铅的溶出量反而增加。
如比较例4中,添加过量的本发明中的特定硫黄化合物,会导致铜的溶出量增加。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的润滑油组合物,适用于使用生物燃料或者含生物燃料的燃料的内燃机。
Claims (7)
1.一种润滑油组合物,用于内燃机,所述内燃机使用含有选自天然油脂、天然油脂的氢化处理物、天然油脂的酯交换物、和天然油脂的酯交换物的氢化处理物中的至少一种燃料,其特征是,
在基油中混合至少含有一个-C-S-C-键的硫黄化合物,所述-C-S-C-键所包含的硫黄以组合物全量为基准,在0.3质量%以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是,所述硫黄化合物不含-C-Sx-C-键,式中,x是2以上的整数。
3.根据权利要求1或者权利要求2所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是,混合0.35质量%以下的碱土类金属系清洁剂。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是,磷含量以组合物为基准在0.12质量%以下。
5.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是硫酸灰分在1.1质量%以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5任意一项所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是,以组合物全量为基准,混合酚系抗氧化剂以及/或者胺系抗氧化剂0.3质量%以上。
7.根据权利要求1~6任意一项所述的润滑油组合物,其特征是,硫黄含量以组合物全量为基准在0.5质量%以下。
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JP2011190331A (ja) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 潤滑油組成物 |
US20140045736A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2014-02-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating Compositions For Turbine And Hydraulic Systems With Improved Antioxidancy |
EP2692840B1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-10-15 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil composition |
EP2816098A1 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Use of a sulfur compound for improving the oxidation stability of a lubricating oil composition |
CN103695100B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | 沃太能源南通有限公司 | 一种可降解的发动机润滑油的制备方法 |
JP6027170B1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-16 | 出光興産株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
US11459521B2 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2022-10-04 | Afton Chemical Coporation | Lubricant composition and dispersants therefor having a beneficial effect on oxidation stability |
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