CN101942211B - 一类含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类荧光二向性染料及其应用 - Google Patents
一类含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类荧光二向性染料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一类含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类荧光二向性染料及其应用,属于显示材料领域。该含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺荧光二向性染料以萘酰亚胺为母体,通过在4-位引入酯基与母体直接相连得到具有负的荧光二向色性,且其结构新颖,原料易得,合成方法简单。经测试可得,该系列染料具有鲜艳的蓝色系荧光,最大发射波长为405nm,荧光量子产率为0.44-0.70,在液晶MLC6237-01ε中表现出较好的二向色性,吸收有序参数为-0.20~-0.23,二向色比为2.0~2.3,荧光有序参数为-0.37~-0.38,荧光二向色比为5.2-5.7。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类荧光二向性染料及其应用,属于显示材料领域。
背景技术
“宾-主”型液晶显示器之所以能成为一类有应用前景的显示器,正是因为其不仅显示信息色彩鲜艳、亮度高、对比度好、视角宽,而且在组装时只需要使用一片偏光片甚至不使用偏光片,这就大大提高了背光源的光利用率。尤其近年来荧光二向色性液晶染料的发展,将其应用于“宾-主”显示中,能将发射型显示器的鲜艳色光和高亮度与液晶显示器的特点结合起来,可以成为一种能耗更低的便携电子产品显示器。
“宾-主”液晶显示分为正性显示和负性显示,其中正性显示较符合人们的观看习惯。而在实现正性显示的方法中,使用正性液晶和负性二向色性染料最为合理。目前文献报道的荧光二向色性液晶染料均属于正二向色性染料,大大限制了其应用发展。因此,寻求一种性能优良的负荧光二向色性液晶染料,具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在萘酰亚胺母体上引入酯基,通过酯基的弱共轭作用增强分子在紫外-可见吸收,同时利用其弱的给电子效应与具有强的吸电子能力的萘酰亚胺上的酰胺基结构形成推拉电子体系,获得蓝色系荧光染料,酯基的引入还意在改善分子在液晶中的溶解度和二向色性。
本发明所述的含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类化合物是在萘酰亚胺的4-位引入含不同取代基的芳香酯基,且酯基中的非羰基氧与萘酰亚胺母体直接相连,设计合成了一系列萘酰亚胺类衍生物。
本发明所解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一类含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺类负荧光二向性液晶染料,其化学分子结构通式如下:
通式N中:
R1为C1-C12的直链烷基、环烷基、芳香基或取代芳香基;或含F的单取代或多取代C1-C12的直链烷基、烷氧基、芳香基;
R2为H、F、CN或CF3;
R3为H、F、CN或CF3;
R4为H、F、CN、C1-C12的直链烷基、烷氧基或含F的单取代或多取代C1-C12的直链烷基、烷氧基;
R5为H、F、CN或CF3;
R6为H、F、CN或CF3。
具体合成路线如下:
即以4-溴-1,8-萘酐(A)为起始原料,首先与叠氮化钠反应得到4-叠氮-1,8-萘酐(B),接着在钯碳催化下氢气还原生成4-氨基-1,8-萘酐(C),然后经过重氮化反应和取代反应生成4-羟基-1,8-萘酐(D),继续与取代伯胺发生酰胺化反应得到N-取代基-4-羟基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(E),最后与取代苯甲酰氯反应生成目标产物4-取代苯甲酸酯-N-取代基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(N)。
将染料N按照浓度为0.5%(w/w)的比例掺入到液晶中,在室温下混合均匀,然后将该混合物装入液晶盒,封住灌晶口。分别测试染料与液晶盒取向膜平行方向上的吸光度A‖和垂直方向上的吸光度A⊥、平行方向上的荧光强度F‖和垂直方向上的荧光强度F⊥;并按照下列公式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)计算出染料在液晶中的吸收有序参数SA、二向色比DA和荧光有序参数SF、二向色比DF:
本发明的有益效果:该含芳香酯基的萘酰亚胺荧光二向性染料以萘酰亚胺为母体,通过在4-位引入酯基与母体直接相连得到具有负的荧光二向色性,且其结构新颖,原料易得,合成方法简单。经测试可得,该系列染料具有鲜艳的蓝色系荧光,最大发射波长为405nm,荧光量子产率为0.44-0.70,在液晶MLC6237-01ε中表现出较好的二向色性,吸收有序参数为-0.20~-0.23,二向色比为2.0~2.3,荧光有序参数为-0.37~-0.38,荧光二向色比为5.2-5.7。
具体实施方式
实施例1
4-(p-己氧基苯甲酸酯)-N-正丙基-1,8萘酰亚胺(N1)的合成
(1)在100mL两口瓶中,加入2.77g 4-溴-1,8-萘酐(10mmol),40mL DMF,0.97g NaN3(15mmol),加热至60℃反应5小时,TLC板跟踪至反应终点。静置,冷却,慢慢倒入到400mL冰水中,析出大量黄色固体,过滤,洗涤,烘干,得到黄色固体2.27g,产率:95%。
(2)在75mL高压釜中,加入2g 4-叠氮-1,8-萘酐(8.4mmol),0.36g10%的钯碳催化剂,35mL DMF,排空几次,充入1.5MPa氢气,在60℃下反应4小时,冷却,过滤,用热的DMF溶液洗涤,待滤液冷却至室温,倒入至200mL冰水中,析出大量黄色固体,过滤,洗涤,干燥,得到固体1.6g,熔点:>300℃,产率:90%。
(3)在10mL单口瓶中,加入0.5g 4-氨基-1,8-萘酐(2.3mmol),0.16g亚硝酸钠,1mL浓硫酸,3mL冰醋酸,在冰水浴中搅拌2小时,然后缓慢倒入50mL冰水中,升温至50℃,保温半小时,然后缓慢升温至90℃,停止反应。冷却至室温,过滤,洗涤,干燥,得到棕红色固体0.382g,熔点:>300℃(文献:346-348℃),产率:76.4%。
(4)在25mL两口瓶中,加入0.37g 4-羟基-1,8萘酐(1.5mmol),10mL乙醇,1.8mmol正丙胺,回流反应4小时,TLC板跟踪至反应终点。冷却,倒入水中,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋蒸,得到固体, 产率:80%。
(5)在25mL两口瓶中,加入1mmol 4-羟基-N-正丙基-1,8-萘酰亚胺,8mL无水吡啶,1.5mmol对己氧基苯甲酰氯,在氮气保护下,回流反应,TLC板跟踪至反应终点。旋蒸去除吡啶,过柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷),得到目标产物N1,产率:42%,熔点:155.2-156.3℃。
1H-NMR (400MHz,CDCl3),δH(ppm):8.67 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.33 (d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.28 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.77 (dd,J1=7.6Hz,J2=8.0Hz,1H),7.66 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.08 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.20 (t,J1=J2=7.6Hz,2H),4.09 (t,J1=J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.86 (m, 2H),1.73 (m,2H),1.43 (m,6H),1.00 (t,J1=J2=7.2Hz,3H),0.94 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,3H)。
API-ES MS(m/z):460.3([M+H]+),482.2([M+Na]+)。
实施例2
4-(p-己氧基苯甲酸酯)-N-正丁基-1,8萘酰亚胺(N2)的合成
除用正丁胺代替正丙胺外,其他合成及提纯方法同实施例1,得到目标产物N2,产率:44%,熔点:146.5-147.4℃。
1H-NMR (400MHz,CDCl3),δH(ppm):8.67 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.33 (d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.28 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.77 (dd,J1=J2=8.0Hz,1H),7.68 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.07 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.20 (t,J1=J2=7.6Hz,2H),4.09 (t,J1=J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.85 (m,2H),1.73 (m,2H),1.43 (m,8H),0.99 (t,J1=J2=7.2Hz,3H),0.93 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,3H)。
API-ES MS(m/z):474.3([M+H]+),496.3([M+Na]+)。
实施例3
4-(p-己氧基苯甲酸酯)-N-正己基-1,8萘酰亚胺(N3)的合成
除用正己胺代替正丙胺外,其他合成及提纯方法同实施例1,得到目标产物N3,产率:46%,熔点:137.4-138.1℃。
1H-NMR (400MHz,CDCl3),δH(ppm):8.65 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.31 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.26 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.76 (dd,J1=7.2Hz,J2=8.0Hz,1H),7.66 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.05 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.18 (t,J1=J2=8.0Hz,2H),4.09 (t,J1=J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.84 (m,2H),1.73 (m,2H),1.43 (m,12H),0.93 (t,J1=J2=7.2Hz,3H),0.88 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,3H)。
API-ES MS(m/z):502.2([M+H]+),524.2([M+Na]+)。
实施例4
4-(p-己氧基苯甲酸酯)-N-正辛基-1,8萘酰亚胺(N4)的合成
除用正辛胺代替正丙胺外,其他合成及提纯方法同实施例1,得到目标产物N4,产率:43%,熔点:113.5-114.6℃。
1H-NMR (400MHz,CDCl3),δH(ppm):8.64 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.31 (d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.26 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.75 (dd,J1=7.2Hz,J2=8.4Hz,1H),7.66 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.04 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.18 (t,J1=J2=7.6Hz,2H),4.09 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,2H),1.85 (m,2H),1.74 (m,2H),1.41 (m,16H),0.93 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,3H),0.87 (t,J1=J2=6.4Hz,3H)。
API-ES MS(m/z):530.3([M+H]+),552.2([M+Na]+)。
实施例5
4-(p-己氧基苯甲酸酯)-N-正十二烷基-1,8萘酰亚胺(N5)的合成
除用正十二胺代替正丙胺外,其他合成及提纯方法同实施例1,得到目标产物N5,产率:39%,熔点:97.6-98.4℃。
1H-NMR (400MHz,CDCl3),δH(ppm):8.65 (d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.31 (d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.25 (d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.76 (dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=7.6Hz,1H),7.66 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.05 (d,J=9.2 Hz,2H),4.18 (t,J1=J2=8.0Hz,2H),4.09 (t,J1=J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.85 (m,2H),1.73 (m,2H),1.43 (m,24H),0.93 (t,J1=J2=7.2Hz,3H),0.87 (t,J1=J2=6.8Hz,3H)。
API-ES MS(m/z):586.3([M+H]+),608.4([M+Na]+)。
实施例6
染料在二氯甲烷中的光谱性质测试:
对化合物N1-5的测试结果如下:
表1 染料N1-5在二氯甲烷中的吸收和荧光数据
化合物 | λmax/nm | δ/nm | λem/nm | δF/nm | ㏒ξ | ФFL | Stokes shift/nm |
N1 | 339 | 52 | 405 | 60 | 3.85 | 0.44 | 66 |
N2 | 341 | 53 | 404 | 59 | 4.26 | 0.65 | 63 |
N3 | 341 | 55 | 405 | 60 | 4.26 | 0.70 | 64 |
N4 | 341 | 54 | 404 | 59 | 4.35 | 0.61 | 63 |
N5 | 341 | 53 | 404 | 59 | 4.38 | 0.60 | 63 |
实施例7
染料在液晶中的偏振光谱性质测试:
测试用主体液晶MLC 6237-01ε为市售产品,。测试所用液晶盒由两片玻璃基板构成,表面涂有使染料和液晶主体平行于玻璃基板取向的聚酰亚胺膜,液晶盒厚度为7 μm。
将N系列各染料按照0.5%的比例(质量比)掺入到测试所用液晶中,室温下混合均匀,然后再将此配制好的含有N染料的液晶材料注入到液晶盒中,封住灌晶口。,测量紫外-可见偏光光谱(以液晶材料的紫外吸收光谱为基准)和荧光发射偏光光谱。
根据测试光谱和公式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)分别计算出染料的吸收有序参数和二向色比,荧光有序参数和二向色比。
染料N1-5偏振光谱测试结果如下:
表2 染料N1-5在液晶MLC 6237-01ε中的吸收和荧光数据
化合物 | λmax/nm | λem/nm | SA | DA | SF | DF |
N1 | 361 | 385 | -0.22 | 2.2 | -0.37 | 5.4 |
N2 | 360 | 385 | -0.23 | 2.3 | -0.37 | 5.3 |
N3 | 362 | 386 | -0.20 | 2.0 | -0.38 | 5.7 |
N4 | 361 | 385 | -0.21 | 2.1 | -0.37 | 5.2 |
N5 | 361 | 386 | -0.20 | 2.0 | -0.37 | 5.5 |
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