CN102719111B - 一类含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类荧光二向性染料、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一类含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类荧光二向性染料、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一类含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类荧光二向性染料,其特征在于所述染料为具有通式Y结构的化合物:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示领域中的一类含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类荧光二向性染料、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
“宾-主”型液晶显示器是将二向性染料溶解在向列相的主体液晶中,与主体液晶结构相类似的长棒状染料分子会随液晶的有序排列而取向。在外加电场的作用下,液晶分子重新排列,导致染料分子的排列也发生变化,这就导致了染料吸收光谱的变化。因此,显示器的亮度可以随外加电压的变化而变化。如果用于“宾-主”显示器的二向性染料能够发射荧光,那么不仅吸收强度可以发生变化,荧光强度也可以随外加电压的变化而得到控制。因此,荧光二向性染料作为宾体的宾主型显示模式可以集传统的宾主显示器高亮度、高对比度、能耗低等特点与主动型显示模式的色彩鲜艳、亮度高的特点于一身,成为能耗更低、更具有实用价值的显示模式。
目前已报道的荧光二向性种类很少,因此开发新的种类具有重要的实际意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类新荧光二向性染料,所述染料为含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类化合物,具有通式Y的结构:
通式Y中:
R是p-1-20个碳的直链烷基、p-1-20个碳的直链烷氧基、单取代氟基、多取代氟基或氢。
本发明另一方面的目的在于提供上述本发明的荧光二向性染料的制备方法,是以化合物1(苊醌)为起始原料,首先与液溴发生亲电取代反应得到化合物2(4-溴-苊 醌),接着与硫酰胺在干氯化氢的催化下生成化合物3(3-溴-8硫杂-7,9-二氮杂-环戊[а]苊8,8-二氧化物),然后经热分解生成化合物4(4-溴-1,8-萘二腈),随后经叠氮取代、还原生成化合物6(4-氨基-1,8-萘二腈),最后与相应的酰氯反应生成化合物Y。
具体的合成线路如下:
本发明另一方面提供上述本发明的荧光二向性染料在制造液晶显示产品中的应用。其中所述的液晶显示产品优选宾主型液晶显示器。具体地,是用作宾体液晶染料,应用于制备宾主型液晶显示器。
本发明再一方面的目的在于提供一类宾主型液晶显示器,所述的液晶显示器以本发明所述的荧光二向性染料作为宾体液晶染料。
本发明的荧光二向性染料分子以1,8-萘二腈为母体,4位引入氨基后分子形成强的推-拉电子体系;酰胺键的引入有效增强了染料在液晶中的溶解性,而且使1,8-萘二腈类化合物具有了二向色性;供电性的烷氧基的引入不但增加了染料的溶解性,还进一步增强了推-拉电子体系效应,提高了二向色比。使用该类染料作为宾体的宾主型液 晶显示产品既具备传统的宾主显示器高亮度、高对比度、能耗低的特点,又具备主动型显示模式的色彩鲜艳、亮度高的特点,是能耗更低、更具有实用价值的液晶显示产品。
具体实施方式
本发明首先提供一类新荧光二向性染料,所述染料为含酰胺键的1,8-萘二腈类化合物,具有通式Y的结构:
通式Y中:
R是p-1-20个碳的直链烷基、p-1-20个碳的直链烷氧基、单取代氟基、多取代氟基或氢。
其中的p-标记是指代对位取代;
单取代氟基的取代位置可以是化合物Y结构中苯基上的任一取代位置,包括邻位、对位或间位;
多取代氟基是指化合物Y结构中苯基上有2个、3个、4个或5个氟基取代。
优选的技术方案中,R选自p-1-8个碳的直链烷基、p-1-8个碳的直链烷氧基、单取代氟基、二取代氟基或氢。
进一步优选,R选自p-4-8个碳的直链烷氧基、间位取代氟基、邻位取代氟基或氢。
最为优选地,本发明所述的荧光二向性染料选自如下化合物:
4-(4-丁氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y1);
4-(4-己氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y2);
4-(4-辛氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y3);
4-苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y4);
4-(m-氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y5);
4-(2,6-氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y6)。
下面以非限制性实施例进一步说明本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
如无特殊说明,本发明以下述方法测试染料性能:将待检测染料与液晶按照一定质量比混合,分别测试染料与液晶盒取向膜平行和垂直方向上的吸光度A和荧光强度F。并按照下列公式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)计算出染料在液晶中的吸收有序参数SA、二向色比DA和荧光有序参数SF、二向色比DF。
实施例1
4-(4-丁氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y1)的合成
(1)4-溴-苊醌(化合物2)的合成
在100mL三口瓶中加入6.0g苊醌,用移液管量取10mL液溴加入体系中。搅拌并缓慢升温至60℃-80℃,保温两小时后,停止加热。待冷却至室温后,用亚硫酸钠溶液不断洗涤直至固体为黄色。抽滤并多次洗涤直至滤液为中性,干燥。将粗产品用冰醋酸重结晶得固体6.86g,产率80%。
(2)3-溴-8硫杂-7,9-二氮杂-环戊[а]苊8,8-二氧化物(化合物3)的合成
在50mL两口瓶中加入1.044g(4mmol)4-溴-苊醌,用30mL乙醇搅拌均匀。向反应瓶中加入0.46g(4.8mmol)的硫酰胺并迅速通入HCl气体。当反应体系出现黄色不溶性颗粒时,此停止通HCl,升温至回流反应3小时。待反应完成后,冷却至室温,将产物倒入水中,析出黄色沉淀,抽滤并洗涤,干燥后得粗产品。随后用甲苯重结晶得固体0.93g,产率76%。
(3)4-溴-1,8-萘二腈(化合物4)的合成
在25ml单口瓶中加入1g3-溴-8硫杂-7,9-二氮杂-环戊[а]苊8,8-二氧化物和15ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮,在氩气保护下,升温回流30分钟后停止加热。待反应物冷却至室温后,倒入盐水中析出黑色沉淀,静置一段时间后抽滤、洗涤、干燥。得固体0.65g,产率82%。
(4)4-叠氮-1,8-萘二腈(化合物5)的合成
将0.256g(1mmol)4-溴-1,8-萘二腈,0.077g(1.2mmol)NaN3溶于DMF中,搅拌并加热至60℃,反应3小时后,停止加热,将反应产物倒入冰水中,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得固体0.186g,产率85%。
(5)4-氨基-1,8-萘二腈(化合物6)的合成
在25ml单口瓶中加入0.22g(1mmol)4-叠氮-1,8-萘二腈,加入适量的乙醇将其完全溶解。将0.906g(4mmol)二水合二氯亚锡加入到反应体系中。常温反应2小时后,将产物倒入到冰水中,静置一段时间后,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得0.168g固体,产率87%。
(6)4-(4-丁氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y1)的合成
在10ml单口瓶中,加入0.388g(2mmol)对丁氧基苯甲酸和6ml新蒸的二氯亚砜,升温回流5小时后减压蒸出过滤的二氯亚砜。随后向反应瓶中加入5ml无水吡啶,0.193g(1mmol)4-氨基-1,8-萘二腈,回流反应4小时。待冷却至室温后,将反应产物倒入水中,抽滤并用少量的水洗得固体;随后滤液用二氯甲烷萃取三次,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后旋蒸得固体。将两部分固体合并后经柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为40%。熔点:216.3-216.9℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=10.732(s,1H),8.568(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.404(t,J1=5.2Hz,J2=8.0Hz,2H),8.072(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),8.019(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7,834(t,J1=7.2Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),7.106(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.083(t,J1=6.4Hz,J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.719-1.756(m,2H),1.432-1.488(m,2H),1.340(m,2H),0.951(t,3H).TOF MS EI+(m/z):C23H19N3O2(M+),计算值:369.1477,实测值:369.1475。
实施例2
4-(4-己氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y2)的合成
用对己氧基苯甲酸代替对丁氧基苯甲酸,其余合成方法与实施例1中合成Y1的步骤一致。柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为45%。熔点:163.8-164.5℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=10.738(s,1H),8.572(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.408(t,J1=5.2Hz,J2=8.0Hz,2H),8.076(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.024(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7,838(t,J1=7.2Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),7.106(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.079(t,J1=6.4Hz,J2=6.4Hz,2H),1.732-1.769(m,2H),1.420-1.439(m,2H),1.318-1.327(m,4H),0.891(t,3H).
API-ES MS(m/z):396.3([M-H]-),432.1([M+Cl]-)。
实施例3
4-(4-辛氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y3)的合成
用对辛氧基苯甲酸代替对丁氧基苯甲酸,其余合成方法与实施例1中合成Y1的步骤一致。柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为42%。熔点:154.8-155.3℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=10.718(s,1H),8.572(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.402(t,J1=5.2Hz,J2=8.0Hz,2H),8.075(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.026(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7,837(t,J1=7.2Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),7.100(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.076(t,J1=6.4Hz,J2=6.8Hz,2H),1.715-1.784(m,2H),1.414-1.432(m,2H),1.273-1.296(m,8H),0.870(t,3H).
TOF MS EI+(m/z):C27H27N3O2(M+),计算值:425.2103,实测值:425.2106。
实施例4
4-苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y4)的合成
在5ml单口瓶中加入0.121g(0.63mmol)4-氨基-1,8-萘二腈,2ml乙腈,2d无水吡啶,搅拌均匀后,加入109μL(0.76mmol)苯甲酰氯。常温反应2小时后,直接抽滤得固体。柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为85%。熔点:246.6-247.5℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=10.919(s,1H),8.606(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.424(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.104(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.050(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7,849(t,J1=8.8Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),7.677(t,J1=7.6Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),7.600(t,J1=7.6Hz,J2=7.2Hz,2H).
TOF MS EI+(m/z):C19H11N3O(M+),计算值:297.0902,实测值:297.0903。
实施例5
4-(m-氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y5)的合成
用间氟苯甲酰氯代替苯甲酰氯,其余合成方法与实施例4中合成Y4的步骤一致。柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为80%。熔点252.5-253.4℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=10.975(s,1H),8.623(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.430(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.042(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.938(t,J1=8.0Hz,J2=11.6Hz,2H),7.854(t,J1=8.8Hz,J2=7.6Hz,1H),7.632-7.686(m,1H),7.540(t,J1=8.8Hz,J2=8.4Hz,1H).
TOF MS EI+(m/z):C19H10N3OF(M+),计算值:315.0808,实测值:315.0804。
实施例6
4-(2,6-二氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y6)的合成
用2,6-二氟苯甲酰氯代替苯甲酰氯,其余合成方法与实施例4中合成Y4的步骤一致。柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷,得白色固体。产率为82%。熔点:261.2-261.8℃。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400M Hz):(ppm):δ=11.427(s,1H),8.600(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.440(t,J1=7.2Hz,J2=8.4Hz,2H),8.205(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.924(t,J1=8.4Hz,J2= 7.6Hz,1H),7.675(m,1H),7.336(t,J1=7.6Hz,J2=8.4Hz,2H).
TOF MS EI+(m/z):C19H9N3OF2(M+),计算值:333.0714,实测值:333.0714。
实施例7
染料在溶剂中的光谱性质测试:
紫外吸收光谱测定使用Hp 8453紫外-可见分光光度计(美国惠普公司),FP-6500荧光分光光度计(日本JASCO公司),BS-210S万分之一电子天平(德国Sartotius公司)。
用二氯甲烷定容配制成浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L的测试溶液。测定其紫外-可见光谱及荧光光谱数据。
染料的荧光量子产率的测定,以硫酸喹咛溶液为基准(50mM硫酸中,ΦF=0.55)。按式(5)计算:
式中:Φ(sample)、Φ(standard)分别表示待测样品和标准物的荧光量子产率;Abs(standard)、Abs(sample)分别表示待测样品和标准物的在激发波长下的吸收值;Flu(sample)、Flu(standard)分别表示待测样品和标准物的荧光发射峰积分面积。
对化合物Y1-Y6的测试结果如下:
表1染料Y1-Y6在二氯甲烷中的吸收和荧光数据
注:λmax代表最大吸收波长,logε代表摩尔消光系数,δA代表最大吸收峰半峰宽,
λem代表最大发射波长,δF代表最大发射峰半峰宽,ФF代表荧光量子产率。
由表1数据可以看出,该系列染料最大发射波长位于可见光区,具有鲜艳的蓝色荧光,满足荧光二向性染料的要求。
实施例8
染料在液晶中的偏振光谱性质测试:
主体液晶:选用商品化的液晶MLC6237和80C作为主体液晶。
液晶盒:测试用液晶盒由表面涂有聚酰亚胺取向剂的两片玻璃基板构成(上下基板取向扭转90°),盒厚度为7μm。
量子产率:测试在液晶中的荧光量子产率,需要考虑到各向异性在内的诸多因素,而且即使考虑到这些,量子产率也这是定性的。因此采用在与液晶极性相近的二氯甲烷中的量子产率作为染料在液晶中的荧光量子产率。
测试方法:将染料Y1~Y6及化合物6分别与液晶配制成浓度为0.5%(w/w)的液晶混合物。装盒测试。测试在平行、垂直方向的紫外吸收和荧光后,根据公式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)计算出染料的有序参数和二向色比。
染料Y1-Y6在液晶MLC 6237中的偏振光谱测试结果如表2所示:
表2染料Y1-Y6在液晶MLC 6237中的吸收和荧光数据
染料Y1-Y6在液晶80C中的偏振光谱测试结果如表3所示。
表3染料Y1-Y6在液晶80C中的吸收和荧光数据
由表2、表3可知,化合物6不具有二向色性,而其它本发明的Y系列的染料化合物具有高的二向色比。即苯酰胺基的引入使得1,8-萘二腈类染料具有较高的二向色比。
Claims (7)
2.权利要求1所述的荧光二向性染料,其特征在于所述的R是p-4-8个碳的直链烷氧基苯基、间位氟基取代苯基、邻位氟基取代苯基或苯基。
3.权利要求1所述的荧光二向性染料,其特征在于所述的化合物是:
4-(4-丁氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y1);
4-(4-己氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y2);
4-(4-辛氧基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y3);
4-苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y4);
4-(m-氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y5);
4-(2,6-二氟基)苯酰胺基-1,8-萘二腈(Y6)。
5.权利要求1~3中任一权利要求所述的荧光二向性染料在制造液晶显示产品中的应用。
6.权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于所述的液晶显示产品是宾主型液晶显示器。
7.一类宾主型液晶显示器,其特征在于以权利要求1~3中任一权利要求所述的荧光二向性染料作为宾体液晶染料。
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