CN101926247A - Mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton - Google Patents
Mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton, belonging to the cultivation and management auxiliary instrument of crops. The auxiliary instrument comprises a support, a hole spacing control system, a hole sowing control system and a ditching and earthing system, wherein the support contains a handrail (1) and a frame (8); a hole spacing control wheel contains a front nonskid wheel (2) and a back nonskid wheel (9); the hole sowing control system contains a seed box (10), a seed control bolt (11), a seed-blocking plate (12), a hole sowing wheel (14) and a sowing pipe (15); and the ditching and earthing system contains a sowing and ditching plough (7), a sowing and earthing plough (3) and a press wheel (4). The cotton precision seedling device is pulled and operated by two person and can realize hole sowing and precision seedling; the hole spacing can be adjusted, 30-35mu farmland can be sown by two person every day; the operation technology of the invention adopts the method that sowing and film-mulching are separately performed, the film-mulching time can be adjusted according to soil moisture, when the soil moisture is not enough, sowing and watering can be firstly performed, and when the soil moisture is enough, film-mulching is performed instantly after sowing. Therefore, the influence of watering after film-mulching on seedling can be avoided.
Description
One, technical field
Mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton of the present invention relates to a cover cotton precision seeding machine and an operating technology, is used for the sowing and the epiphragma of bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting technology, belongs to Crop Planting Management Agriculture Expert technology aid.
Two, background technology
In recent years, two big factors seriously restrict the Growth of Jiangsu Cotton production development, and the one, the rural laborer shifts, and Cotton Production labour reduces, and quality of the workforce obviously reduces, and the cotton culture technology must be simplified; The 2nd, the bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton of high yield and high quality strong stress resistance is promoted rapidly; but because breeding cost height; only on the seedling raising and transplanting cotton, use at present; conventional transplanting cotton is grown seedlings and transplants that process management is numerous, recruitment is many, labour intensity is big; incompatibility is planted cotton needs of scale production; must simplify and reform, the light-duty simplification new cultivation technology of research adaptation bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton new varieties is extremely urgent.The live cotton precocity of mulch film, high yield, high-quality, worker employed in a plant nursery are few, be suitable for the scale plantation, but production upper seeding wheel amount is big, can not adapt to the needs that the bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton new varieties are used, film cotton must reduce sowing quantity significantly, to adapt to the requirement that the bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton new varieties are used.Under existing situation, the advantage that realizes saving of labor, mechanization and make full use of bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton high yield and high quality strong stress resistance is the developing direction of cotton culture technology, our unit develops formation " bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology " on the film cotton basis, this technology is taked the mulch film Precision Seeding, rational close planting, reduced the land for growing field crops sowing quantity significantly, satisfied bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton new varieties application requirements on the live cotton of mulch film, created conditions for realizing the cotton large-scale planting; New technologies such as the integrated high-quality of this technology is sowed, keep a full stand of seedings seedling stage, vegetative shoot utilization rationally in conjunction with the reasonable adjustment of changing accent, fertilizer practice, are cultivated high-quality colony, realize super high-yielding.This technology combines stable high yield and the resistance and the quality heterosis of bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton, the saving of labor of the live cotton of mulch film, the suitable for mechanization production advantage, have high yield, high-quality, degeneration-resistant, saving of labor and be convenient to the characteristics of mechanized operation, be suitable for a cotton and cover cotton field plantation of spring.Efficient in order to bring into play the volume increase of this technology saving of labor abridged edition, we develop the Aided Machine of suitable bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting technology agriculture requirement.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
" bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology " requires to be mainly to seeding quality: 1. sowing quantity reduces as far as possible, and general cotton field should be controlled at below the 500g/ mu, and the cotton field, saline land is controlled at 750g once, and the seed costs peasant can accept; 2. want one to broadcast Qi Miao, can not reseed; 3. prevent dead seedling: prevent to scald dead seedling, prevent the dead seedling of seedling diseases, reduce the dead seedling of insect pest.Requirement to sowing is: depth unanimity, and it is neat to emerge, and it is timely to put seedling, and native face is left a blank, the back spray medicine in time that helps emerging, preventing disease pest control.The manual operation uniformity is poor, is difficult to reach this technology sowing agriculture requirement.The design assistive device is to satisfy this technology sowing agriculture requirement, reduces labor intensity the needs of raising the efficiency.
Technical scheme
Mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton comprises: support, cave are apart from control system, bunch planting control system and trench digging earthing system, and support comprises handrail (1) and framework (8), and the cave is on control system, bunch planting control system and the equal support of earthing system of ditching.
The bunch planting control system is fixed in the centre position of support, comprise seed-box (10), seed control tongue (11), seed retaining plate (12), hole sowing wheel (14), the pipe (15) of sowing, wherein be connected with back anti-pulley (2) by a driving rod in the middle of the hole sowing wheel (14), during the sowing walking, drive hole sowing wheel by the rear defence pulley and rotate.
Seed-box (10) is down trapezoidal iron plate case, is fixedly installed in the middle of the framework, be connected in hole sowing wheel (14) above, can deposit the 2-2.5kg cotton seeds; Hole sowing wheel (14) is the engineering plastics circle wheel of a surfacing, diameter 15cm, be connected with seed-box above, the middle driving rod that passes through is connected with back anti-pulley (2), it is Precision Seeding cave (13) that the circle wheel surface has 3 segment shape depressions, when hole sowing wheel (14) rotates, cotton seed enters the Precision Seeding cave, and seed enters in the soil with the pipe of sowing when sowing pipe (15) when the Precision Seeding cave forwards to;
Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 1.5cm, dark 1.0cm, the cave amount of sowing 2-3 grain; Or Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 2.0cm, dark 1.2cm is the cave amount of sowing a 4-5 grain, the user can also select as required voluntarily; Seed control tongue (11) is the outside iron sheet plate that is, inside is hairbrush, is fixedly installed in bunch planting control wheel and rotates the place ahead and seed retaining plate interface, and size is advisable can block hole sowing wheel and seed retaining plate interface, can control the seed number in Precision Seeding cave; Seed retaining plate (12) is connected in below the seed-box, is a circular arc iron plate, with the hole sowing wheel parcel, and leaves the 0.5cm slit between the hole sowing wheel, and the control seed did not fall before reaching the pipe of sowing; The pipe (15) of sowing connects seed retaining plate (12), is the cylindrical tube straight down of diameter 3cm, and seed reaches that cavitation falls when sowing pipe, forms bunch planting;
The cave comprises preceding anti-pulley (9), back anti-pulley (2) apart from control system, (9) one of preceding anti-pulleys, be fixed in framework (8) foremost, (2) two of back anti-pulleys, be positioned at the both sides of framework (8), can change the different back anti-pulley (2) of diameter and regulate the cave distance, fixing anti-slop serrations (16) on the anti-pulley of front and back, it is non-slip to walk during sowing, guarantees that the cave is apart from uniformity; The cave is apart from control system control cave adjustable 28cm of distance or 42cm.
Trench digging earthing system comprises adjustable sowing and ditching plough (7), sowing earthing plough (3), press wheel (4), furrow plough (7) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) the place ahead of sowing on the framework (8), up-down adjustment furrow plough as required, just can regulate the trench digging degree of depth by lead screw as required, earthing plough (3) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) rear of sowing on the framework (8), press wheel (4) is an irony wheel, be connected on the framework (8) by lead screw, be positioned at earthing plough (3) rear, furrow plough (7), the pipe (15) of sowing, sowing earthing plough (3) and press wheel (4) are in a straight line.
Beneficial effect
The present invention has designed Precision Seeding bunch planting control system, cave apart from control system, trench digging earthing system and support; realize bunch planting (every cave 2-3 grain or 4-5 grain seed; mu is controlled at 350～600g or 600-750g with grain weight); (seed level is adjustable in Precision Seeding; depth unanimity; broadcast back soil table a little less than the face of land), the cave is apart from adjustable (28cm and 42cm)
(1) the sowing system of the present invention's design comprises: furrow plough, earthing plough, Precision Seeding bunch planting control system, cave are apart from control wheel and support; can control the amount of sowing; realize bunch planting: every cave 2-3 grain or 4-5 grain seed; mu is controlled at 350～600g or 600-750g with grain weight; Precision Seeding: seed level is adjustable; depth unanimity is broadcast back soil table a little less than the face of land, reduces the back of emerging and scalds risk.Realized the sowing requirement of bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting technology, apparatus structure is simple, light, cheap simultaneously.The cave distance can be regulated apart from the control wheel in the design cave, guarantees that simultaneously the cave is apart from stable.
(2) the present invention designs Precision Seeding bunch planting control system and comprises seed-box, hole sowing wheel (containing the Precision Seeding cave), seed control tongue, seed retaining plate and the pipe of sowing.Seed-box: can deposit the 2-2.5kg cotton seeds, satisfy and once sow about 5 mu; Hole sowing wheel: on leave the Precision Seeding cave, the Precision Seeding cave control cave amount of sowing 2-3 grain (conventional cotton field is selected for use) or 4-5 grain (cotton field, saline land is selected for use), the user can select as required voluntarily; Seed control tongue: can control the seed number in Precision Seeding cave, can not squeeze broken seed simultaneously; Seed retaining plate: the control seed did not fall before reaching the pipe of sowing; The pipe of sowing: opening aligns with the Precision Seeding cave, and seed reaches that cavitation falls when sowing pipe, forms bunch planting.
(3) anti-pulley before and after the present invention has designed can be changed the different back anti-pulley of diameter and regulate the cave distance, and the present invention is according to practice, and (cave is apart from be that (the cave distance is 27cm ± 1.5cm) two kinds for 40cm ± 2.0cm) and 26cm for intended diameter 30cm; Before and after fixing anti-slop serrations on the anti-pulley, during sowing walking non-slip, guarantee that the cave is apart from uniformity.
(4) the present invention designs adjustable furrow plough, and its dead lever is a lead screw, and fixing port is the nut mouth, up-down adjustment furrow plough as required, just can regulate the trench digging degree of depth as required, it is 0-6cm that the present invention designs the trench digging adjustable range, and the degree of depth of generally ditching should be grasped about 4cm.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1: mulch film precision seeding machine appearance assumption diagram
Fig. 2: mulch film precision seeding machine Precision Seeding bunch planting control system figure
Fig. 3: mulch film precision seeding machine essence is put pulley figure
Handrail among the figure (1), back anti-pulley (2), earthing plough (3), press wheel (4), bunch planting control system (5) driving shaft (6), sowing and ditching plough (7), framework (8), preceding anti-pulley (9), seed-box (10), seed control tongue (11), seed retaining plate (12), Precision Seeding cave (13), hole sowing wheel (14), pipe (15) anti-slop serrations (16) of sowing
Five, embodiment
1 material and method
1.1 test material
Seed: be cotton No. 6 of section, rise cotton industry Co., Ltd by Jiangsu Province section and produce that seed refers to about 9.5g, Wei Fuyi.
Cotton mulch film precision seeding machine: this is designed, the model machine of filial piety horse mechanical ﹠ electrical equipment factory, Nanjing trial-production, is single bunch planting kind 2-3 grain seeder.Comprise: support, cave are apart from control system, bunch planting control system and trench digging earthing system, and support comprises handrail (1) and framework (8), and the cave is on control system, bunch planting control system and the equal support of earthing system of ditching.
The bunch planting control system is fixed in the centre position of support, comprise seed-box (10), seed control tongue (11), seed retaining plate (12), hole sowing wheel (14), the pipe (15) of sowing, wherein be connected with back anti-pulley (2) by a driving rod in the middle of the hole sowing wheel (14), during the sowing walking, drive hole sowing wheel by the rear defence pulley and rotate.
Seed-box (10) is down trapezoidal iron plate case, is fixedly installed in the middle of the framework, be connected in hole sowing wheel (14) above, can deposit the 2-2.5kg cotton seeds; Hole sowing wheel (14) is the engineering plastics circle wheel of a surfacing, diameter 15cm, be connected with seed-box above, the middle driving rod that passes through is connected with back anti-pulley (2), it is Precision Seeding cave (13) that the circle wheel surface has 3 segment shape depressions, when hole sowing wheel (14) rotates, cotton seed enters the Precision Seeding cave, and seed enters in the soil with the pipe of sowing when sowing pipe (15) when the Precision Seeding cave forwards to;
Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 1.5cm, dark 1.0cm, the cave amount of sowing 2-3 grain; Or Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 2.0cm, dark 1.2cm is the cave amount of sowing a 4-5 grain, the user can also select as required voluntarily; Seed control tongue (11) is the outside iron sheet plate that is, inside is hairbrush, is fixedly installed in bunch planting control wheel and rotates the place ahead and seed retaining plate interface, and size is advisable can block hole sowing wheel and seed retaining plate interface, can control the seed number in Precision Seeding cave; Seed retaining plate (12) is connected in below the seed-box, is a circular arc iron plate, with the hole sowing wheel parcel, and leaves the 0.5cm slit between the hole sowing wheel, and the control seed did not fall before reaching the pipe of sowing; The pipe (15) of sowing connects seed retaining plate (12), is the cylindrical tube straight down of diameter 3cm, and seed reaches that cavitation falls when sowing pipe, forms bunch planting;
The cave comprises preceding anti-pulley (9), back anti-pulley (2) apart from control system, (9) one of preceding anti-pulleys, be fixed in framework (8) foremost, (2) two of back anti-pulleys, be positioned at the both sides of framework (8), can change the different back anti-pulley (2) of diameter and regulate the cave distance, fixing anti-slop serrations (16) on the anti-pulley of front and back, it is non-slip to walk during sowing, guarantees that the cave is apart from uniformity; The cave is apart from control system control cave adjustable 28cm of distance or 42cm.
Trench digging earthing system comprises adjustable sowing and ditching plough (7), sowing earthing plough (3), press wheel (4), furrow plough (7) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) the place ahead of sowing on the framework (8), up-down adjustment furrow plough as required, just can regulate the trench digging degree of depth by lead screw as required, earthing plough (3) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) rear of sowing on the framework (8), press wheel (4) is an irony wheel, be connected on the framework (8) by lead screw, be positioned at earthing plough (3) rear, furrow plough (7), the pipe (15) of sowing, sowing earthing plough (3) and press wheel (4) are in a straight line.
1.2 handling, test is provided with
(1) seeder cavitation effect test: band kind of idle running counting is also observed the situation of sowing; Place, cement flooring simulation sowing counting and field are sowed on the spot and are dug the cave counting, investigate every bunch planting kind grain number.
(2) cave is apart from controlling effect test: take cement flooring simulation sowing to measure and field actual sowing plane cave measurement, measure each cave distance and average cave distance.
(3) sowing depth regulating effect test: carry out the test of sky machine trench digging on the spot, measure the trench digging degree of depth; Carry out sowing test on the spot, dig the cave and measure sowing depth.
(4) insemination and emergence situation test: in field reality after planting, observe the situation of emerging.
1.3 processing method
(1) test site: academy of agricultural sciences, Nanjing Xiao Lingwei Jiangsu Province is through doing in cotton threshing ground and the experimental field
(2) handle object: cotton mulch film precision seeding machine
(3) processing time: on May 3rd, 2009 sowing, day in May neat seedling, observe the situation of emerging.
2 results
2.1 seeder cavitation effect
Sow the result on the spot according to band kind of idle running, place, cement flooring simulation and field, this apparatus hole rate is at 5-7%, and simple grain cave rate is at 15-25%, and 2,3 cave rates are at 55-70%, many cave 10-13%, average every seed number per 2.2-2.5 grain.The model machine design reaches designing requirement substantially.
Table 1: bunch planting result of the test
2.2 the cave is apart from the control effect
Measure and the cave measurement result is dug in the actual sowing in field according to cement flooring simulation sowing, rear defence diameter of pulley 30cm, on average the cave is apart from 39.25cm, after put diameter of pulley 26cm, on average the cave is apart from 26.7cm, model machine reaches the cave substantially apart from controlling requirement.
2.3 sowing depth regulating effect
According to carrying out the trench digging test of sky machine on the spot, after when putting diameter of pulley and being 30cm, this apparatus trench digging degree of depth is 7cm to the maximum, the sowing depth luffing is ± 1.0cm, when the rear defence diameter of pulley was 26cm, the trench digging depth capacity was 7.7cm, luffing is ± 1.0cm; Regulate by screw rod, the seed furrow trench digging degree of depth can be adjusted to about 4cm, and luffing is ± 1.0cm.
Carry out sowing test sowing depth result of the test on the spot, the seed furrow trench digging degree of depth be 4cm (luffing for ± 1.0cm) time, the sowing suppression of soil after, seed overhead the degree of depth be 2.93cm ((luffing for ± 1.5cm), the earthing surface has formed a groove that is lower than ground, land for growing field crops.
2.4 insemination and emergence situation
The situation of emerging of the actual sowing test in multiple spot field shows that the field seeding amount is: after when putting diameter of pulley and being 30cm, seeding quantity is 345.09g, the field point rate reaches 88.37%, average single cave becomes 1.73 of seedlings; After when putting diameter of pulley and being 26cm, seeding quantity is 406.41g, the field point rate reaches 90.64%, average single cave becomes 1.71 of seedlings.
Table 2: the actual sowing test result in field
3. conclusion
According to the test of this project team to model machine, this seeder sowing depth can reach about 3cm, and sowing depth differs and is no more than 1.5cm, can form 1 groove on the seed furrow; The sowing point rate reaches about 95%, and average single bunch planting kind grain is counted the 2.2-2.5 grain, and the cave rate of emerging can about 90%, and single cave is emerged 1.7; Rear defence diameter of pulley 30cm, average cave apart from 39.25cm (± 1.5cm), after put diameter of pulley 26cm, average cave apart from 26.7cm (± 1.5cm); When putting diameter of pulley after the seeding quantity and being 30cm, seeding quantity is 345.09g, after when putting diameter of pulley and being 26cm, seeding quantity is 406.41g.This apparatus reaches " bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton mulch film Precision Seeding thin planting technology " requirement to sowing, also can be used for the sowing of conventional cotton seed.
Claims (2)
1. mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton comprises: support, cave are apart from control system, bunch planting control system and trench digging earthing system, and support comprises handrail (1) and framework (8), and the cave is on control system, bunch planting control system and the equal support of earthing system of ditching;
The bunch planting control system is fixed in the centre position of support, comprise seed-box (10), seed control tongue (11), seed retaining plate (12), hole sowing wheel (14), the pipe (15) of sowing, wherein be connected with back anti-pulley (2) by a driving rod in the middle of the hole sowing wheel (14), during the sowing walking, drive hole sowing wheel by the rear defence pulley and rotate;
Seed-box (10) is down trapezoidal iron plate case, is fixedly installed in the middle of the framework, be connected in hole sowing wheel (14) above, can deposit the 2-2.5kg cotton seeds; Hole sowing wheel (14) is the engineering plastics circle wheel of a surfacing, diameter 15cm, be connected with seed-box above, the middle driving rod that passes through is connected with back anti-pulley (2), it is Precision Seeding cave (13) that the circle wheel surface has 3 segment shape depressions, when hole sowing wheel (14) rotates, cotton seed enters the Precision Seeding cave, and seed enters in the soil with the pipe of sowing when sowing pipe (15) when the Precision Seeding cave forwards to;
Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 1.5cm, dark 1.0cm, the cave amount of sowing 2-3 grain; Or Precision Seeding cave (13) diameter 2.0cm, dark 1.2cm is the cave amount of sowing a 4-5 grain, the user can also select as required voluntarily; Seed control tongue (11) is the outside iron sheet plate that is, inside is hairbrush, is fixedly installed in bunch planting control wheel and rotates the place ahead and seed retaining plate interface, and size is advisable can block hole sowing wheel and seed retaining plate interface, can control the seed number in Precision Seeding cave; Seed retaining plate (12) is connected in below the seed-box, is a circular arc iron plate, with the hole sowing wheel parcel, and leaves the 0.5cm slit between the hole sowing wheel, and the control seed did not fall before reaching the pipe of sowing; The pipe (15) of sowing connects seed retaining plate (12), is the cylindrical tube straight down of diameter 3cm, and seed reaches that cavitation falls when sowing pipe, forms bunch planting;
The cave comprises preceding anti-pulley (9), back anti-pulley (2) apart from control system, (9) one of preceding anti-pulleys, be fixed in framework (8) foremost, (2) two of back anti-pulleys, be positioned at the both sides of framework (8), can change the different back anti-pulley (2) of diameter and regulate the cave distance, fixing anti-slop serrations (16) on the anti-pulley of front and back, it is non-slip to walk during sowing, guarantees that the cave is apart from uniformity;
Trench digging earthing system comprises adjustable sowing and ditching plough (7), sowing earthing plough (3), press wheel (4), furrow plough (7) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) the place ahead of sowing on the framework (8), up-down adjustment furrow plough as required, just can regulate the trench digging degree of depth by lead screw as required, earthing plough (3) is fixed in by lead screw and is positioned at pipe (15) rear of sowing on the framework (8), press wheel (4) is an irony wheel, be connected on the framework (8) by lead screw, be positioned at earthing plough (3) rear, furrow plough (7), the pipe (15) of sowing, sowing earthing plough (3) and press wheel (4) are in a straight line.
2. according to the described mulch film precision sowing auxiliary instrument of cotton of claim 1, it is characterized in that the cave is apart from control system control cave adjustable 28cm of distance or 42cm.
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