CN101902922A - 含有脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊 - Google Patents
含有脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101902922A CN101902922A CN2008801218389A CN200880121838A CN101902922A CN 101902922 A CN101902922 A CN 101902922A CN 2008801218389 A CN2008801218389 A CN 2008801218389A CN 200880121838 A CN200880121838 A CN 200880121838A CN 101902922 A CN101902922 A CN 101902922A
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- microcapsules
- fat
- active substance
- hydrophilic colloid
- soluble active
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有包封于基质中的至少一种脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊,该脂溶性活性物质选自维生素原,维生素及其酯,单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),类胡萝卜素和苯醌,所述基质包含亲水性胶体和任选地一种或多种其他基质成分,其中所述活性物质的含量为微胶囊总重量的30-60%,并且其中所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例至少为4∶1,本发明还涉及制备该微胶囊的方法。本发明的微胶囊可以用于制备含活性物质的片剂、食品和其他产品。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及具有低含量表面游离脂肪(free surface fat)的含有脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊,还涉及该微胶囊的制备方法,用途和含有该微胶囊的产品。
发明背景
含有包封于亲水性胶体基质中的脂溶性活性物质的产品广泛应用于各种人和动物产品中,例如食品,食品增补剂,饮料,药物、农产品和兽医产品以及个人护理用品。目的是为了保护氧化敏感活性物质免受攻击这些物质的氧气和其他物质的攻击,从而避免例如在运输中变味和生理活性丧失,并且延长产品的货架期。
当包封脂溶性活性物质时,一个重要的并且公认的质量参数是表面游离脂肪的含量。如果产品不是基本不含表面游离脂肪,例如,如果含有多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s)的产品中表面游离脂肪的含量大于1-2%,那么产品的品质会受到显著损害,并且产品将因为氧化而快速变质。遵照这种品质参数的PUFA产品一般不能包含超过25-30%的活性物质。此外,含有增加的脂溶性活性物质含量的产品传统上必须也通过使用增加量的亲水性胶体制备。
Hogan等在J.Agric.Food Chem.(2001)第49卷,第4期,第1934-1938页中描述了酪蛋白酸钠用于大豆油乳状液中时的微胶囊化特性。测试了增加油/蛋白质比对蛋白质负荷的影响,并且其显示出,将油/蛋白质比从0.25增加到3.0会导致微胶囊化效率的逐渐降低。
Vega等在Jour.Dairy Sci.(2006)第89卷,第2期,第383-401页中描述了具有油/蛋白质比为0.25-5的乳状液。当将乳糖加入到含有30%油的乳状液中时,表面脂肪(surface fat)从30%下降到少于5%。
Vega等在Int.Dairy Jour.(2007)第17卷,第6期,第683-695页中描述了由酪蛋白酸盐稳定的无水乳脂乳状液或具有海藻糖或乳糖作为胶囊密封剂的乳蛋白分离物的喷雾干燥。喷雾干燥的乳状液的溶剂萃取表面游离脂肪值被测定,并且其显示出,油/蛋白质比越高,表面游离脂肪越高。
WO 94/01001描述了微胶囊化的油脂产品,其中使用约2.25∶1-2.75∶1油/酪蛋白酸盐比。所得产品具有例如25%的脂肪或油。
WO 01/74175描述了具有高达60%的相当高含量油的胶囊化油产品。所得产品具有高含量的表面游离脂肪和/或相对高含量的亲水性胶体。
本发明的目的是提供具有高含量脂溶性活性物质和理想的低含量表面游离脂肪的微胶囊及其新型制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有高含量脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊,其中避免了亲水性胶体含量的相应增加。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有贮藏和运输稳定性以及在进一步加工成片剂、挤出物等过程中具有机械强度和改良性能的微胶囊。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种含有包封于基质中的至少一种脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊,所述脂溶性活性物质选自维生素原,维生素及其酯,单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),类胡萝卜素和苯醌类,所述基质包含亲水性胶体和任选地一种或多种其他基质成分,其中所述活性物质的含量为微胶囊总重量的30-60%,并且其中所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例至少为4∶1。
本发明还涉及一种制备微胶囊的方法,该方法包括步骤:
·提供所述亲水性胶体和所述任选地其他基质成分的溶液或分散体,
·将所述至少一种脂溶性活性物质加入到所述溶液或分散体中,所述脂溶性物质选自维生素原、维生素及其酯,单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),类胡萝卜素和苯醌类,
·处理如此获得的混合物以制备所述至少一种活性物质在所述基质中的溶液或分散体,
·对如此获得的混合物进行精细分离和干燥以制备颗粒的集块(mass),各颗粒含有包封于所述基质中的所述至少一种活性物质,
其中所述至少一种活性物质和所述亲水性胶体以至少4∶1的比例使用。
已惊喜地发现,通过在微胶囊制备中使用高的油/亲水性胶体比,使得终产品中包含高得多的脂溶性活性物质同时仍维持低含量的表面游离脂肪成为可能。例如如果产品是PUFA产品,产品中可以包含至少30%、40%或者甚至60%量的PUFA,同时保持表面游离脂肪的含量低至2%或者甚至1%。在大多数情况下,表面游离脂肪的含量低于微胶囊总重量的1%,例如低于0.5%或者低于0.3%、0.2%或0.1%。
通过迄今为止所用的常规方法,尝试包含比25-30%更高量的脂溶性活性物质往往导致不希望的表面游离脂肪的大幅度增加。
通过本发明的方法,还惊奇的发现,增加活性物质的量而不相应增加亲水性胶体的量变成了可能。通过所用的常规方法,尝试包含更高量的活性物质还需要使用更高量的亲水性胶体。因此,用于制备本法明微胶囊的方法是经济有效的。
当表面游离脂肪的量降低时,胶囊化效率提高,因为微胶囊表面上较少的游离脂肪遭受氧化。因此,微胶囊在贮藏、运输和进一步加工成片剂和挤出物或用于食品混合物的过程中变得更加机械和化学稳定。
这里所用的术语“微胶囊”意思是指各自含有其中包封多种固态或液态微粒或溶质分子的基质材料的颗粒。微胶囊通常具有约5mm或更小的平均粒径,例如1-0.05mm,如0.6-0.1mm。它们也可以具有例如2-0.01mm的粒径,例如1.5-0.2mm。
这里所用的术语“分散体”涵盖了意为含有分散于液体介质如水/水溶液中的液体颗粒(例如油滴)的混合物的乳状液,或者意为分散于液体介质如水/水溶液中的固体颗粒的悬浮液。
这里所用的术语“表面游离脂肪”或“游离脂肪”意思是指在特定条件下可通过有机溶剂容易萃取的脂肪。这种脂肪易于氧化。该游离脂肪位于颗粒表面,以仅位于颗粒表面之下或与毛细管相接触的脂肪球的形式,或者以几乎与已萃取的脂肪球相接触的溶出脂肪的形式。如在实施例中所述测定本发明定义的表面游离脂肪。
发明详述
在本发明的一个实施方案中,活性物质的含量至少为微胶囊总重量的32.5%。例如至少35%,至少37.5%或至少40%。还可以至少为微胶囊总重量的42.5%,45%或47.5%。
在另一实施方案中,所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例为至少5∶1,例如至少6∶1,至少7∶1或至少8∶1。
包含于本发明微胶囊或根据本发明制备的微胶囊中的脂溶性活性物质是在贮藏、运输、处理和使用过程中需要避免例如氧气、水分、光辐射和物理影响从而避免物质物理和化学分解的物质。这些活性物质还被定义为在化学或生物体系中具有活性。
适用于本发明相关的活性物质为维生素原和维生素,例如维生素A及其酯,维生素E及其酯,例如E醋酸酯,维生素D和K,例如D2、D3和K1,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),其可以以含有尤其下述物质的鱼油形式加入:(n-3)脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、共轭亚麻酸(CLA),类胡萝卜素,例如β-胡萝卜素,叶黄素,番茄红素,β-玉米黄质,虾青素,斑蝥黄质(cantaxanthin),桔黄素(citranaxanthin)和玉米黄素,姜黄素和苯醌,例如辅酶Q10(癸烯醌)。
根据一个实施方案,脂溶性活性物质为维生素E或E醋酸酯,维生素A,维生素D2、D3或K1,单不饱和脂肪酸或PUFA(含多不饱和脂肪酸的油),β-胡萝卜素,番茄红素,叶黄素或Q10。
本发明的基质亲水性胶体可以是任何常规材料,例如蛋白质,例如酪蛋白酸盐,乳清蛋白,乳蛋白或水解产物,天然存在和改性的多糖以及天然存在的亲水性胶体,例如藻酸盐、角叉菜聚糖、明胶、阿拉伯树胶、改性阿拉伯树胶、果胶、改性果胶或混合物。淀粉得自天然源,例如马铃薯、小麦、玉米、木薯淀粉和大米,合适基质亲水性胶体的其他实例有改性淀粉,例如辛烯基琥珀酸钠改性淀粉。
在一个实施方案中,亲水性胶体是酪蛋白酸钠或酪蛋白酸钾。
在制备微胶囊的本发明方法的一个实施方案中,所述脂溶性活性物质和所述亲水性胶体以至少5∶1或至少6∶1的比例使用,例如至少7∶1或至少8∶1。
基质可以任选地含有其他成分,例如溶解的碳水化合物,例如山梨糖醇和蔗糖,和/或抗氧化剂。
微胶囊还可以含有常规的添加剂,例如抗氧化剂,例如叔丁基羟基甲苯(BHT),叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA),抗坏血酸,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,抗坏血酸钠,柠檬酸,柠檬酸钠,EDTA或其盐,生育酚,TBHQ,乙氧基喹,没食子酸丙酯和香草提取物,尤其是迷迭香或牛至提取物;防结块剂,例如磷酸三钙和硅酸盐,尤其是二氧化硅和硅酸铝钠;增塑剂,例如碳水化合物和碳水化合物醇,实例有蔗糖,葡萄糖,果糖,乳糖,转化糖,山梨糖醇,甘露醇,海藻糖,塔格糖,茁霉多糖,Raftilose(低聚果糖),糊精,麦芽糖糊精,甘油及其混合物,例如蔗糖,海藻糖,茁霉多糖,糊精和Raftilose及其混合物;乳化剂和表面活性剂,例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,蔗糖酯,脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯及其衍生物,和卵磷脂。
可以任何常规方法进行溶液或分散体的分离和干燥以获得颗粒集块,例如喷雾冷却,喷雾干燥或层干燥(sheet drying)和粉碎,参见例如WO91/06292。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,打粉剂,例如玉米淀粉,在精细分离和干燥步骤过程中加入到微胶囊。
本发明还涉及一种含有本发明微胶囊的产品。根据本发明的一个实施方案中,该产品是食品,食品增补剂,饮料,药物或兽医产品,饲料或饲料增补剂,个人护理用品或家庭用品。
根据本发明方法制备的产品还适于广泛的各种应用,例如上述的那些。
最后,本发明涉及本发明微胶囊在制备含有活性物质的片剂或其他固体集块中的用途。
本发明方法可以根据以下一般配方或如实施例所示进行:
将水溶性成分,包括基质成分,加入到热水中并且在搅拌下溶解。将脂溶性成分混合,然后加入到水相中,处理混合物以制备溶液或分散体。如果有必要,在通过常规方法精细分离和干燥溶液或分散体之前,将溶液或分散体稀释至适当的粘度。
如果适用的话,可以在分离和干燥过程中加入打粉剂。
表面游离脂肪通过使用合适的溶剂如四氯化碳、石油醚或正戊烷从最终微胶囊产品中萃取而测定。
本发明这里将参照下面的实施例进一步祥述。
实施例
测试方法:表面游离脂肪的测定
原理:将微胶囊分散于石油醚中,因此没有包封的脂肪会溶解,其量可以通过重量分析测定。游离脂肪以相对于所称产品重量的萃取量表示。
方法:称取10.00g(±0.50g)产品放入250ml锥形瓶中。
将50.0ml石油醚加入到锥形瓶中,并且摇晃几秒钟。
将石油醚通过Whatman No.4纸过滤器滗析到平衡过的100mL锥形瓶中,纸过滤器已经用石油醚湿润过。
用另外50ml石油醚重复该操作,并且用2×10ml石油醚再次进行。
在氮气下在最大40℃下将全部量的石油醚蒸发,并且将锥形瓶放入105℃恒温箱中1小时,并在干燥器中冷却。
按克称重锥形瓶(4位小数)。
通过以下公式计算样品中游离脂肪的含量(%)
m1=锥形瓶重量(g)
m2=带有游离脂肪的锥形瓶重量(g)
m样品=称取的样品重量(g)
根据本发明的实施例
实施例1
具有PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比为8∶1的PUFA产品。
在搅拌下将389g酪蛋白酸钾,1700g蔗糖和312g抗坏血酸钠溶解于65℃的1200ml水中。将3117g PUFA油(包含60mg/g二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和260mg/g二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))与抗氧化剂混合,加热到65℃,并且加入到该水溶液中并搅拌。
在转子/定子系统中将分散体均质化;可替换地可使用高压均化器;并稀释到可喷雾的粘度。
随后在喷雾干燥塔中将分散体雾化,其中分散体颗粒用淀粉薄层覆盖并且干燥。
所得干燥粉末具有以下特性:
PUFA油含量:42.0%,
游离脂肪:0.2%。
实施例2
具有PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比为10∶1的PUFA产品。
在搅拌下将332g酪蛋白酸钾,1356g蔗糖和252g抗坏血酸钠溶解于65℃的1100ml水中。将3324g PUFA油(包含60mg/g二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和260mg/g二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))与抗氧化剂混合,加热到65℃,并且加入到该水溶液中并搅拌。
在转子/定子系统中将分散体均质化;可替换地可使用高压均化器;并稀释到可喷雾的粘度。
随后在喷雾干燥塔中将分散体雾化,其中分散体颗粒用淀粉薄层覆盖并且干燥。
所得干燥粉末具有以下特性:
PUFA油含量:45.9%,
游离脂肪:0.27%。
具有其他脂溶性活性物质/亲水性胶体比的分散体和微胶囊以相似的方法制得。结果在表1中给出。
实施例3
具有其他PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比的PUFA产品以相似的方法制得。结果在下表中给出。
表
45% | 8∶1 | 48.1 | 1.03 |
45% | 10∶1 | 47.3 | 0.71 |
对照实施例
对照实施例1
具有PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比为2∶1的PUFA产品。
在搅拌下将3000g酪蛋白酸钾,6000g蔗糖和1356g抗坏血酸钠溶解于65℃的1400ml水中。将6002g PUFA油(包含60mg/g二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和260mg/g二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))与抗氧化剂混合,加热到65℃,并且加入到该水溶液中并搅拌。
在转子/定子系统中将分散体均质化;可替换地可使用高压均化器;并稀释到可喷雾的粘度。
随后在喷雾干燥塔中将分散体雾化,其中分散体颗粒用淀粉薄层覆盖并且干燥。
所得干燥粉末具有以下特性:
PUFA油含量:26.8%,
游离脂肪:0.04%。
对照实施例2
具有PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比为3∶1的PUFA产品。
在搅拌下将487g酪蛋白酸钾,492g蔗糖和146g抗坏血酸钠溶解于65℃的1400ml水中。将1460g PUFA油(包含60mg/g二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和260mg/g二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))与抗氧化剂混合,加热到65℃,并且加入到该水溶液中并搅拌。
在转子/定子系统中将分散体均质化;可替换地可使用高压均化器;并稀释到可喷雾的粘度。
随后在喷雾干燥塔中将分散体雾化,其中分散体颗粒用淀粉薄层覆盖并且干燥。
所得干燥粉末具有以下特性:
PUFA油含量:45.9%,
游离脂肪:2.68%。
对照实施例3
具有PUFA油∶酪蛋白酸盐比为3.5∶1的PUFA产品以相似的方法制备。所得干燥粉末具有以下特性:
PUFA油含量:49.4%,
游离脂肪:13.6%。
Claims (15)
1.一种含有包封于基质中的至少一种脂溶性活性物质的微胶囊,所述脂溶性活性物质选自维生素原,维生素及其酯,单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),类胡萝卜素和苯醌类,所述基质包含亲水性胶体和任选地一种或多种其他基质成分,其中所述活性物质的含量为微胶囊总重量的30-60%,并且其中所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例至少为4∶1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述活性物质是维生素E或E醋酸酯,维生素A、D2、D3或K1,单不饱和脂肪酸或PUFA油,β-胡萝卜素,番茄红素,叶黄素或Q10。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述活性物质的含量至少为微胶囊总重量的35%。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述活性物质的含量至少为微胶囊总重量的40%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例至少为6∶1。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述脂溶性活性物质与所述亲水性胶体的比例至少为8∶1。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述亲水性胶体为蛋白质。
8.根据权利要求7所述的微胶囊,其中所述亲水性胶体为酪蛋白酸盐,例如酪蛋白酸钠或酪蛋白酸钾。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的微胶囊,其中所述基质进一步含有抗氧化剂和/或碳水化合物。
10.一种制备根据权利要求1-9任一项所述微胶囊的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
·提供所述亲水性胶体和所述任选地其他基质成分的溶液或分散体,
·将所述至少一种脂溶性活性物质加入到所述溶液或分散体中,所述脂溶性活性物质选自维生素原、维生素及其酯,单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA′s),类胡萝卜素和苯醌类,
·处理如此获得的混合物以制备所述至少一种活性物质在所述基质中的溶液或分散体,
·对如此获得的混合物进行精细分离和干燥以制备颗粒的集块,各颗粒含有包封于所述基质中的所述至少一种活性物质,
其中所述至少一种活性物质和所述亲水性胶体以至少4∶1的比例使用。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述至少一种活性物质和所述亲水性胶体以至少6∶1的比例使用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少一种活性物质和所述亲水性胶体以至少8∶1的比例使用。
13.一种含有根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的微胶囊或根据权利要求10-12任一项所述方法制备的微胶囊的产品。
14.根据权利要求13所述的产品,其特征在于所述产品是食品,食品增补剂,饮料,药物或兽医产品,饲料或饲料增补剂,个人护理用品或家庭用品。
15.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的微胶囊或根据权利要求10-13任一项所述方法制备的微胶囊在制备含有活性物质的片剂中的用途。
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EP2234502B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
US20110014288A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
CN101902922B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
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WO2009080702A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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