CN106659230A - 疏水性生物活性化合物的包封 - Google Patents
疏水性生物活性化合物的包封 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106659230A CN106659230A CN201580047606.3A CN201580047606A CN106659230A CN 106659230 A CN106659230 A CN 106659230A CN 201580047606 A CN201580047606 A CN 201580047606A CN 106659230 A CN106659230 A CN 106659230A
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Abstract
本公开内容提供了包含被壳包覆且分散于基质中的疏水性微滴的组合物,和包含所述组合物的消费产品。所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物,所述壳包含不可逆变性蛋白质,并且所述基质包含蛋白质、淀粉和多糖。本公开内容还提供了用于制备所述组合物和消费产品的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及并要求2014年8月5日提交的美国临时申请No.62/033,365号的权益,其内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及对干燥聚合物基质中的敏感疏水性化合物的保护,更特别地涉及对包封在食物、动物饲料、保健品和药品中的敏感疏水性化合物的保护。
背景技术
某些功能性疏水性化合物具有有益健康的作用。疏水性化合物例如油溶性维生素(如维生素A、D、E和K)、胡萝卜素、ω-3和ω-6必需脂肪酸构成细胞膜的重要组分,调节许多代谢途径,并且控制影响其他生物过程的物质的产生。例如,已知长链形式的ω-3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)支持大脑和心血管的健康。然而,在消费产品中,当暴露于空气、湿气和/或光时,许多疏水性化合物对氧化敏感并快速降解,这经常导致释放令人不悦的腥臭气味和味道。
人们所期望的是保护消费产品中的敏感疏水性化合物免于氧化,并且消除在消费时令人不悦的味道或余味和气味。还期望以适用于干燥消费产品(例如干燥的食品、动物饲料、补充剂和药品)的干燥和可流动粉末的形式使敏感疏水性化合物稳定。
发明内容
本发明提供了包含被壳包覆且分散于基质中的疏水性微滴的组合物。所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物。所述壳包含不可逆变性蛋白质。所述基质包含蛋白质、淀粉和多糖。所述组合物包含小于20重量%的水。
疏水性化合物可为选自以下的生物活性剂:维生素、抗生素、类胡萝卜素、植物提取物、水果提取物、蔬菜提取物、抗氧化剂、脂质、类固醇、植物化学物质和药物。
可通过施加两种不同外部应激源来制备不可逆变性蛋白质,其中每种外部应激源选自:酸、碱、无机盐、酶、有机溶剂、热和剪切力。
微滴的粒度可为0.1μm至5.0μm。疏水性微滴还可包含选自以下的食用油:植物油、动物油、海洋生物油和微藻油。植物油可选自米糠油、亚麻籽油和包含ω-3脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸的油。动物油可选自海洋生物油、鱼油和卵油。微藻油可包含ω-3脂肪酸、ω-6脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸。
按重量计,不可逆变性蛋白质与疏水性化合物之比可为0.1∶1至1∶1。
基质中的蛋白质可为球状或无规卷曲蛋白质,其可选自:乳品蛋白质,明胶,玉米醇溶蛋白,牛血清白蛋白,卵清蛋白,来自小麦、大麦、黑麦或燕麦的蛋白质,蔬菜蛋白质,微生物蛋白质,豆类蛋白质,来自树生坚果的蛋白质和来自花生的蛋白质。
多糖可选自:果胶、藻酸及其盐、黄原胶、壳聚糖、葡聚糖、支链淀粉、硫酸软骨素、阿拉伯树胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄蓍树胶和角叉菜胶。
淀粉可经疏水化改性。
基质还可包含选自以下的聚合物:乙基纤维素、HPMC Eudragit E、Eudragit E100和Eudragit E PO。
组合物还可包含选自以下的抗氧化剂:磷脂、α-硫辛酸、柠檬酸、维生素C及其酯、绿茶多酚、绿茶提取物、葡萄籽提取物、白藜芦醇、槲皮素、肉桂酸及其盐、阿魏酸及其盐、迷迭香酸及其盐、类胡萝卜素(例如,α-、β-和γ-胡萝卜素,叶黄素,虾青素,玉米黄质)、类姜黄素、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、生育酚(tocoferol)、生育三烯酚、多酚、辅酶Q10、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸及其组合。
本发明还提供了制备组合物的方法。所述方法包括:(a)将包含疏水性化合物和蛋白质的混悬液的pH降低至低于所述蛋白质的等电点(pKa);(b)使步骤(a)的混悬液中的蛋白质不可逆变性,从而形成被包含不可逆变性蛋白质的壳所包覆的疏水性微滴,其中所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物;(c)将步骤(b)的经包覆的疏水性微滴与蛋白质、淀粉和多糖混合以形成混合物;以及(d)干燥步骤(c)的混合物,由此制备包含分散于基质中之经包覆疏水性微滴的组合物,其中所述基质包含所述蛋白质、淀粉和多糖,并且其中所述组合物包含小于20重量%的水。
不可逆变性蛋白质可选自乳蛋白和卵蛋白,并且步骤(b)所述的壳可包含至少60重量%的不可逆变性蛋白质。
还提供了根据本发明的制备方法所制备的组合物。
还提供了包含本发明的组合物的消费产品。所述消费产品具有治疗、营养或疾病预防作用。所述产品可选自食品,营养品,即饮混合物,粉末剂、片剂或胶囊剂形式的补充剂,维生素预混物,粒状动物饲料或补充剂或预混物,保健品,药品和药物。
附图说明
图1为示出了根据一些实施方案生产干燥鱼油组合物的示意图。鱼油颗粒材料可通过多种方法来制备。将鱼油与未变性蛋白质混合,并且使混合物均质化,对其进行超声处理,或者替代地对其进行微流化处理。将均质化混合物的pH降低至恰好低于未变性蛋白质的等电点,然后使其暴露于物理、化学或酶促反应,使得围绕鱼油微滴形成不可逆变性蛋白质的包衣/壳。使均质化混合物通过热交换器,并简短地暴露于足以使蛋白质不可逆变性的温度,以形成经包覆的鱼油微滴。然后将经包覆的鱼油微滴与水溶性聚合物的混合物进行混合,形成湿鱼油组合物。然后对湿鱼油组合物进行挤压或雾化,并干燥、研磨和分级,以获得干燥鱼油组合物。
图2示出使油在未变性蛋白质溶液中均质化后(a),将均质化混合物超声处理后(b),以及将经超声处理的混合物加热之后,未包覆油滴的相对量。向鱼油添加油溶性染料,并且用己烷萃取未包覆的油。此图示出,对于使混悬液中的游离表面油的水平或未包覆油滴的量最小化而言,酸还原和加热步骤均是必需的。
图3示出在酸反应步骤后和在酸和热反应步骤二者之后,含有被变性蛋白质包覆的鱼油微滴之混悬液的稳定性。
图4示出均质化压力对经包封鱼油的游离油含量的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及包含稳定疏水性化合物的组合物及其制备方法和用途。这样的组合物可并入食品、动物饲料、保健品和药品中,例如营养棒、早餐谷物、焙烤制品、饮料混合物、补充剂、片和粒状饲料。根据本发明将疏水性化合物在聚合物基质中包封减少了不良效果(例如,氧化、异味和令人不悦的气味),并提高了包含疏水性化合物的消费产品的保质期和生物利用度以及总体生理功效。
本发明基于这样的发现:在微观油滴周围由不可逆变性蛋白质形成稳定的包衣或壳,其中经包覆的油滴保持可分散性和小粒度,并且即使不添加乳化剂或表面活性剂也显示出乳液稳定性。此外,超过90%的油可被形成壳的蛋白质保护并且基本没有表面油,所述表面油为未包覆的油或粘附于包衣或壳外侧的油。在进一步包埋在聚合物基质中时,这样的包封为疏水性化合物提供了对抗降解和氧化的更好保护。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了组合物。该组合物包含疏水性微滴。该疏水性微滴被壳包覆。经包覆的疏水性微滴分散在基质中。所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物。所述壳包含一种或更多种不可逆变性蛋白质。所述基质包含选自蛋白质、淀粉和多糖中的一种或更多种基质聚合物。所述组合物可以是干燥的。所述组合物的水含量小于约50、40、30、20、10、5或1重量%,优选小于约20重量%。
或者,所述组合物包含疏水性化合物。在这种组合物中,大于约1、5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95或99重量%,优选大于约5重量%的疏水性化合物在疏水性微滴中。所述疏水性微滴被壳包覆,并且分散在基质中。所述壳包含一种或更多种不可逆变性蛋白质。所述基质包含选自蛋白质、淀粉和多糖中的一种或更多种基质聚合物。所述组合物可以是干燥的。所述组合物的水含量小于约50、40、30、20、10、5或1重量%,优选小于约20重量%。
术语“疏水性”和“亲脂性”在本文中可互换使用,并且是指在介电常数小于约15的非极性溶剂(例如,长链醇)中的溶解度比在水溶液中更大的物质。
疏水性化合物可具有治疗、营养或疾病预防作用。其可为天然的或合成的。优选地,疏水性化合物不溶于水溶液。疏水性化合物可为选自以下的生物活性剂:维生素、抗生素、类胡萝卜素、植物提取物、水果提取物、蔬菜提取物、抗氧化剂、脂质、类固醇、植物化学物质、必需脂肪酸、保健品、药品和药物。
示例性维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K,及其盐或衍生物。维生素可源自任何来源。维生素D可选自维生素D2(麦角钙化醇)、维生素D3(胆骨化醇)、其他维生素D及其盐或衍生物。维生素E可选自α、β、γ或δ-生育酚,α、β、γ或δ-生育三烯酚,其他维生素E及其盐(例如,维生素E磷酸盐)或衍生物(例如,生育酚山梨酸酯、生育酚乙酸酯、生育酚琥珀酸酯及其他生育酚酯)。维生素A可选自视黄醇、视黄醛、视黄酸、其他维生素A或者其盐或衍生物(例如,维生素A乙酸酯和维生素A棕榈酸酯)。维生素K可选自维生素K1(植物甲萘醌)、维生素K2(甲基萘醌)、维生素K3(甲萘醌)、维生素K4、维生素K5、维生素K6、维生素K7及其盐或衍生物。
本文所使用的术语“抗氧化剂”是指能够延缓或防止其他试剂或分子氧化的试剂。抗氧化剂的实例包括磷脂(例如,大豆或蛋卵磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸)、α-硫辛酸的外消旋混合物、维生素C及其酯、绿茶多酚、绿茶提取物、葡萄籽提取物、白藜芦醇、肉桂酸及其盐、阿魏酸及其盐、迷迭香酸及其盐、类胡萝卜素(例如,α-、β-和γ-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、虾青素和玉米黄质)、类姜黄素(例如,姜黄素)、叶绿酸及其盐、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、生育三烯酚、多酚、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸及其混合物。
必需脂肪酸可为饱和、多不饱和或单不饱和的,并且其可发现于自然中或为合成生产的。示例性必需脂肪酸包括固醇类(例如胆固醇及其衍生物)、前列腺素类、卵磷脂、胆碱、肌醇、共轭亚麻酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、ω-3脂肪酸(例如,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸二十碳三烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸及其甘油酯衍生物)、ω-6脂肪酸(例如,亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、二十碳二烯酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳二烯酸、肾上腺酸、二十二碳五烯酸和十八碳三烯酸)、ω-9脂肪酸(例如,油酸、二十碳烯酸、蜜糖酸、芥酸和神经酸)、脂肪酸的前体和脂肪酸的衍生物。
保健品也称为功能食品,可以是促进健康、预防疾病或者提升幸福的食品或食品的一部分。保健品的实例包括抗氧化剂类、植物化学物质、植物雌激素类、胡萝卜素类、泛酸盐、叶酸、原维生素类、辅酶Q10、鱼油、必需和/或高级不饱和脂肪酸类和中链甘油三酯类及其混合物。本文所使用的“植物雌激素类”或“食用雌激素类”是指天然存在的具有雌激素活性的非甾族植物化合物。植物甾醇类的实例包括异黄酮类(例如,染料木苷、染料木黄酮、大豆黄素、黄豆苷、丙二酰黄豆苷、黄豆黄苷、丙二酰黄豆黄苷、乙酰黄豆黄苷、乙酰黄豆苷、乙酰染料木苷、黄豆黄素及其混合物)、类(例如,反式白藜芦醇)、木脂素(例如,松脂醇、鬼臼毒素、五加前胡素、马台树脂醇、落叶松树脂醇、开环异落叶松树脂醇、羟基马台树脂醇、丁香树脂醇和芝麻素)和香豆素类(例如,考迈斯托醇、蟛蜞菊内酯、plicadin)、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、麦角甾醇(例如,原维生素D2)、菜籽甾醇、δ-7-豆甾醇和δ-7-燕麦甾醇。其他营养物可包括水果提取物、蔬菜提取物、磷脂(例如,磷脂酰丝氨酸)、蛋白聚糖(例如,核心蛋白聚糖、双糖链蛋白聚糖、纤调蛋白和光蛋白聚糖)、某些氨基酸(例如,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸)、食品添加剂、植物营养物(例如,叶黄素、玉米黄质和虾青素)、植物油、鱼和海洋动物油以及藻油。
药品可为医学药物。根据一些优选实施方案,本发明的药品是疏水性的。这样的药品可任选地包含任何类型的疏水性的、不溶于水溶液中和/或生理pH下的和/或pH敏感的材料,其材料可选自植物生物碱等、具有多环结构的药物(例如,缺少极性基团的那些药物)、肽和蛋白质(例如,抗体、疫苗和酶)、寡核苷酸、多核苷酸(例如,siRNA分子等)和其他生物聚合物。
微滴还可包含食用油。食用油可选自植物油、动物油、海洋生物油和微藻油。植物油可选自米糠油、亚麻籽油和包含一种或更多种ω-3脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸的油。动物油可选自海洋生物油、鱼油和卵油。微藻油可包含一种或更多种ω-3脂肪酸、一种或更多种ω-6脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸。食用油可富含(例如,包含至少约5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90或95重量%)ω-3脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸。
在某些实施方案中,疏水性化合物包括脂溶性维生素(例如,维生素A、D、E和K)、生育三烯酚、类胡萝卜素、胡萝卜醇(例如,番茄红素、叶黄素、虾青素和玉米黄质)、包含植物甾醇的脂溶性保健品、甾烷醇及其酯、辅酶Q10和泛醇、疏水性氨基酸和肽、精油和提取物,以及脂肪酸。脂肪酸可包括共轭亚麻酸(conjugated linolenic acid,CLA)、ω-6脂肪酸和ω-3脂肪酸。合适的ω-3脂肪酸包括短链ω-3脂肪酸,例如α-亚麻酸(ALA),源自植物来源例如亚麻籽;和长链ω-3脂肪酸,例如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。长链ω-3脂肪酸可源自例如海洋鱼油。这样的油可提取自各种类型的鱼或海洋动物例如凤尾鱼、毛鳞鱼、鳕鱼、鲱鱼(herring)、鲭鱼、鲱鱼(menhaden)、鲑鱼、沙丁鱼、鲨鱼和金枪鱼,或者微生物例如微藻,或者其组合。
本文使用的术语“不可逆变性蛋白质”是指已经在暴露于一种或更多种外部应激源时不可逆地失去其天然三级结构和二级结构的蛋白质。不可逆变性蛋白质在除去外部应激源后不能重获其天然性质。天然结构为蛋白质在自然或合成地产生时的三级或二级结构。
不可逆变性蛋白质可选自乳蛋白和卵蛋白。乳蛋白和卵蛋白为疏水性化合物的包封提供了可能(Chen等,(2006)Trends in Food Sci.and Technology 17,272;Semo等,(2007)Food Hydrocolloids 21,936)。乳蛋白和卵蛋白已自然进化成从母体向新生儿递送富含油的营养物的稳定乳液。特别地,由于结合多种亲脂微量营养素,因此卵清蛋白和β-乳球蛋白是用于递送疏水性生物活性化合物的合适载体(Wang等,(1997a)J.Dairy Sci.80:1047;Wang等,(1997b)J.Dairy Sci.80:1054;Zimet和Livney(2009)Food Hydrocolloids23:1120)。在一个实施方案中,在添加疏水性化合物以形成均匀混悬液之前,蛋白质以其天然形式溶解在溶液中,同时其三级结构和二级结构保持完整。
不可逆变性蛋白质与疏水性化合物之比按重量计可为约0.1∶1至约1∶1,优选按重量计约0.2∶1至约0.8∶1,更优选按重量计约0.3∶1至约0.6∶1。
经包覆的疏水性微滴的粒度可为约0.1μm至约5.0μm。超过约50%的经包覆微滴可具有约0.1μm至约1.0μm,优选约0.3μm至约0.7μm的粒度。
本发明的组合物可包含选自蛋白质、淀粉和多糖中的一种或更多种基质聚合物。蛋白质可为球状或无规卷曲蛋白质。示例性球状或无规卷曲蛋白质包括乳品蛋白质(例如,乳清蛋白、酪蛋白及其片段)、明胶、玉米醇溶蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白、谷物蛋白提取物(例如,来自小麦、大麦、黑麦或燕麦的蛋白质)、蔬菜蛋白质、微生物蛋白质、豆类蛋白质、来自树生坚果的蛋白质、来自花生的蛋白质或其组合。
本发明的组合物可包含一种或更多种淀粉。淀粉可为天然淀粉或其衍生物。淀粉衍生物优选为疏水化改性的淀粉,其可在工业上通过用酯、甲基、醚或其他疏水性基团(例如,脂肪酸)替换淀粉骨架聚合物中的羟基来生产。由于优异的油吸收能力和抗氧化性,源自蜡质玉米的改性食品淀粉(Ingredion生产的100,Westchester,IL.)是特别优选的基质聚合物。
本发明的组合物可包含一种或更多种多糖。多糖可选自果胶、藻酸及其盐、黄原胶、壳聚糖及其衍生物、葡聚糖、支链淀粉、硫酸软骨素、阿拉伯树胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄蓍树胶、角叉菜胶及其组合。
基质还可包含聚合物或聚合物的组合。聚合物可提供疏水性化合物的受控释放或对胃的抗性。聚合物的非限制性实例包括乙基纤维素、HPMC Eudragit E、Eudragit E 100和Eudragit E PO。
聚合物的许多可能的组合可用于形成基质。用于本文所公开的干燥组合物的示例性聚合物混合物包括多糖的混合物、疏水化改性的淀粉和明胶或乳清蛋白分离物。基质聚合物可包含至少约40重量%乳清蛋白分离物、至少约20重量%疏水化改性的淀粉和至少约10重量%多糖。优选的基质聚合物混合物包含约40至60重量%乳清蛋白分离物、约20至40重量%疏水性改性的淀粉和约10至30重量%多糖。
组合物中使用的所有聚合物均可为食品级生物聚合物。本文中所使用的“食品级”定义为经美国食品和药物管理局认定为安全以用于食品和动物饲料产品的任何材料。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了包括步骤(a)至(d)的制备方法。在步骤(a)中,将包含疏水性化合物和蛋白质的混悬液的pH降低至低于所述蛋白质的等电点(pKa)。在步骤(b)中,使步骤(a)的混悬液中的蛋白质不可逆变性,使得形成被包含不可逆变性蛋白质的壳所包覆的疏水性化合物微滴,并且所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物。在步骤(c)中,将步骤(b)的经包覆的疏水性化合物微滴与蛋白质、淀粉和多糖混合,使得形成混合物。在步骤(d)中,干燥步骤(c)的混合物以形成包含分散于基质中的经包覆疏水性微滴的组合物。基质包含蛋白质、淀粉和多糖。组合物可包含小于约40、30、20、10、5或1重量%的水,优选小于约20重量%的水,并且更优选小于约10重量%的水。步骤(c)的湿混合物可通过喷雾干燥、冻干或任何其他干燥方法来干燥。
蛋白质可在暴露于一种或更多种外部应激源时不可逆变性。不可逆变性蛋白质在除去外部应激源后不能重获其天然三级结构和二级结构。优选地,按顺序施加至少两种不同类型的外部应激源以增强在疏水性微滴周围施加的蛋白质包衣或壳的硬化。例如,弱酸或碱或盐处理后接酶促处理(例如,转谷氨酰胺酶)、有机溶剂处理(例如,乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、己烷或氯仿)、或热处理。可添加浓缩无机盐(例如,LiBr、NaBr、CaCl2、KSCN和NaI),使得疏水性化合物和蛋白质的混悬液的pH降低至恰好低于所述蛋白质的等电点(pKa)。这种第一步骤可导致疏水性化合物微滴周围的蛋白质分子的“盐析”和聚集。这种步骤可通过稀释混悬液或将pH升回蛋白质的pKa值来逆转。然后,盐析或pH降低步骤可后接酶促处理、短暂加热或添加交联剂(例如,戊二醛、甲醛)以沉淀蛋白质,不可逆地形成疏水性微滴周围的壳。在一些优选实施方案中,在将pH降低至恰好低于蛋白质的pKa值后将混悬液短暂暴露于热交换器例如约1至60秒,以使温度上升至例如约40至100℃,优选约50至90℃,更优选约60至85℃。
壳可包含一种或更多种不可逆变性蛋白质。壳可基本不合(例如,具有小于约60、50、40、30、20、10、5或1重量%)非不可逆变性蛋白质的蛋白质。壳可包含至少约60、70、80、90、95或99重量%不可逆变性蛋白质。
本发明的组合物可在下胃肠道之中性至碱性条件下提供疏水性化合物的pH受控释放。该组合物可减少或消除疏水性化合物(例如,鱼油)的令人不悦的味道或余味和气味。通过将疏水性化合物包封在本发明的组合物中,可以避免包含该疏水性化合物之消费产品的可能负面的视觉和物理变化。所产生的消费产品不仅吸引消费者,而且稳定并具有充足的保质期。其还可在食用时在胃的酸性环境中保护敏感疏水性化合物,并且允许疏水性化合物释放至下胃肠道,以达到良好的吸收和生物利用度。
经包覆的疏水性微滴可包埋在聚合物基质或聚合物基质的混合物中。聚合物基质可包含水溶性多糖、淀粉或淀粉衍生物和/或蛋白质。在一个实施方案中,使经包覆的微滴均匀分散在聚合物基质的混合物中而形成适用于喷雾干燥或任何已知干燥方法的浆料,并且将所述浆料干燥成块并磨碎以形成干燥且可流动颗粒。在另一个实施方案中,使经包覆的微滴均匀分散在包含聚合物基质或聚合物基质的混合物的糊中以形成糊,然后将所述糊挤出成所期望的形状或形式。
可将本发明的组合物磨碎以形成干燥且可流动的颗粒。在一些实施方案中,所有或至少大部分所得干燥颗粒的粒度为约10μm至约10mm,优选约50μm至约1000μm,更优选约100μm至约700μm。
对于本发明的每种制备方法,提供了所得的干燥组合物。
本发明的干燥组合物可用于消费产品。特别地,干燥组合物可包括在食品、动物饲料、保健品和药品中。
还提供了包含本发明的干燥组合物的消费产品。消费产品可用于递送对人或动物的一般健康和福利有益的疏水性化合物,而不损害产品保质期或产品在任何显著程度上的香味或味道特征。消费产品可具有治疗、营养或疾病预防作用。所述产品可选自食品,营养产品,即饮混合物,粉末剂、片剂或胶囊剂形式的补充剂,维生素预混物,粒状动物饲料或补充剂或预混物,保健品,药品和药物。
上述干燥组合物中的期望量的受保护且稳定疏水性化合物可包含在食品或动物饲料产品中。可使用本领域已知的常规技术将所述干燥组合物添加至食品动物饲料产品中。在一些实施方案中,使干燥组合物在食品或动物饲料产品中充分混合以提供基本均匀的分布。例如,可将自由流动的粉末形式的稳定维生素预混物压缩成片或丸。
在食品或动物饲料产品中的疏水性化合物的量可根据所期望的应用和/或营养含量而变化。在一个实施方案中,食品例如营养棒或即饮饮料可包含每份量约5至5000mg的ω-3脂肪酸。其他量也被预期到并在本发明的范围内。例如,可能需要在多维生素片或口香糖产品中提供至少40mgω-3脂肪酸(组合的EPA和DHA)以满足美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的含量要求。
在本发明的组合物中或使用本发明的方法来包封疏水性化合物使得稳定并保护疏水性化合物免于氧化和降解。当包含在食品或动物饲料产品中时,本发明的组合物可在合适的产品保质期间保护疏水性化合物。本发明的消费产品在环境光和温度条件下的保质期可大于一个月,例如约1至12个月,并且可能高至约24个月或更长,这取决于包装类型和用于包装产品的材料。
食品或动物饲料产品可任选地包含附加成分。附加成分包括例如,维生素、矿物质、甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、酸化剂、电解质、消泡剂、蛋白质、碳水化合物、防腐剂及其混合物。附加成分可在制备过程期间的多个点添加,例如,在添加本发明的组合物之前或之后。此外,在产品中间加工和最后包装期间可维持惰性气体(例如,氮气或氩气)的顶部空间。此外/或者,可在最后包装中使用氧或UV隔离物和/或氧清除剂。
在pH通常为约1至3的胃的酸性环境下,本发明组合物中的疏水性化合物可基本保持被保护在聚合物基质中。聚合物基质可在人或动物下胃肠道(例如,肠)中以pH受控方式大量释放疏水性化合物,从而提高所述化合物的生物利用度和总体生理功效。
本发明组合物中的疏水性化合物是稳定的。例如,在经延长时期(例如,至少约1天、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年或5年)的储存或者暴露于酸性环境(例如,pH为约1至3)之后,至少约50、60、70、80、90、95或99重量%的疏水性化合物保留活性。该组合物可基本不含(例如,包含小于约10、5、1或0.1重量%)乳化剂或表面活性剂。
在本发明的组合物中,大多数疏水性微滴被包含一种或更多种不可逆变性蛋白质的壳所包覆。例如,至少约50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的疏水性微滴被包覆。经包覆的疏水性微滴是稳定的。例如,在经延长时期(例如,至少约1天、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年或5年)的储存或者暴露于酸性环境(例如,pH为约1至3)之后,至少约50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的经包覆的疏水性微滴仍保持被包覆。
疏水性微滴可均匀分散在水中以形成混悬液。核心微滴可包含一种或更多种疏水性化合物,例如液体如鱼油或类胡萝卜素。混悬液可包含按体积计约1至30%(例如,约5%、10%或20%)的浓度的一种或更多种疏水性化合物。可添加抗氧化剂以增强疏水性化合物的稳定性。
当涉及可测量值例如量、百分数等时,本文中所使用的术语“约”意指涵盖与特定值±20%或±10%,优选±5%,更优选±1%的变化,因为这些变化适合于执行所公开的方法。
提供以下实施例以更详细的描述本发明的示例性方面。这些实施例旨在举例说明而不是限制本发明。
实施例1
按照图1中所述的方法制备含有维生素A乙酸酯的干燥组合物。制备100mL的3重量%β乳球蛋白(Davisco,Eden Prairie,MN)的水溶液。将纯结晶维生素A乙酸酯(10g,Sigma)添加至100mLβ乳球蛋白溶液中。将混合物在65℃水浴中超声处理二十分钟以形成水包油混悬液。然后,在400RPM转速下的同时将混悬液的pH缓慢降低至4.5至5.0。然后使用蠕动泵将混合物以约50ml/分钟的流速通过浸没在沸水中的热交换器,以形成包含被不可逆变性蛋白质所包覆的维生素A乙酸酯微滴的混悬液。将混悬液在氮气保护下于冰浴中立即冷却。经包覆的维生素微滴的粒度为约2.0至约7.0μm。一旦温度达到5℃至10℃,就使用1M的浓氢氧化钠中和pH。添加含有5%w/w乳清蛋白分离物(Bipro,Davisco,Eden Priarie,MN)、2%w/w阿拉伯树胶和2%w/w改性食用淀粉(100,Ingredion,Westchester,IL)的50ml水溶液来形成聚合物基质。将最终浆料喷雾干燥(Lab SprayDryer-YC-015,SPM.,Shanghai Pharmaceutical Machinery CO.,Shanghai,China)以形成根据本发明的含有稳定维生素A乙酸酯的干燥组合物。
应注意,实施例1中的超声处理可替换为或补充以高速匀浆,或者混悬液可直接微流化以形成含有亚微米尺寸的鱼油微滴的混悬液。
实施例2
按照图1的流程图中所述的方法制备包含富含ω-3脂肪酸的鱼油(400g,DHA70TG,通过New York,NY,Icelandic Direct购得)的干燥组合物。制备4000mL按重量计5%的β乳球蛋白(Davisco,Eden Prairie,MN)水溶液。先将鱼油添加至含有0.5%白藜芦醇、1%维生素C棕榈酸酯、1%α生育酚、1%迷迭香提取物和1.5%大豆卵磷脂的5%w/w抗氧化剂混合物中,然后将稳定化的鱼油添加至3000mLβ乳球蛋白溶液中。将混合物在混合器中混合,然后在4500psi下通过微流化器(LM-10,Microfluidics,Westwood,MA)以形成水包油混悬液。在200RPM至400RPM的转速下,将混悬液的pH缓慢降低至4.5至5.0。然后使用蠕动泵将混合物以约50ml/分钟的流速通过浸没在沸水中的热交换器,以形成含有被不可逆变性蛋白质所包覆的鱼油微滴的混悬液。将混悬液在氮气保护下于冰浴中立即冷却。经包覆的鱼油微滴的粒度为约0.2至约0.7μm。一旦温度达到5℃至10℃,就将1000ml 3%w/w壳聚糖溶液添加至混悬液中,并且使用1M的浓氢氧化钠中和pH以形成多糖基质。添加含有5%w/w乳清蛋白分离物(Bipro,Davisco,Eden Priarie,MN)和4%w/w改性食用淀粉(100,Ingredion,Westchester,IL)的2000ml水溶液来形成另外的聚合物基质。将最终浆料喷雾干燥(Niro Mobile Minor GEA,Columbia,MD)以形成根据本发明的包含稳定鱼油的干燥组合物。
按照IAFMM(Int.Assc.Fish Meal Manufacturers,London,GB)的茴香胺分析的推荐方法,通过茴香胺值分析来测定包封过程对鱼油氧化的影响。结果示出,从生产商获得的游离鱼油的茴香胺值为7.15,而根据本发明的方法包封的鱼油的茴香胺值为8.3。因此,包括喷雾干燥步骤的上述过程不损害鱼油。
实施例3
为了确定图1中所述过程中哪些步骤是必需的,在所述过程的每个步骤结束时,将经包封的鱼油用油溶性染料着色,并用己烷从样品中萃取游离的未包覆油。图2示出使油在未变性蛋白质溶液中均质化后(a);在将均质化混合物超声处理后(b);和将经超声处理的混合物加热之后未包覆油的相对量。图3示出具有或没有加热步骤的情况下,含有经包覆油滴的混悬液的稳定性。
因此,优选在两个顺序步骤的化学和物理反应中,在用不可抑制变性蛋白质形成包衣或壳之前将鱼油微粒化。
实施例4
为了进一步确定图1中所述过程中的必需步骤,在不添加基质形成聚合物(使用麦芽糖糊精作为填料)和在添加基质形成聚合物之后将不可逆变性的鱼油微滴经喷雾干燥。通过己烷从干燥粉末中萃取表面油,接着蒸发己烷并经重量分析测定所萃取的油的量。表1示出在有或没有基质形成聚合物的情况下,经喷雾干燥的组合物的游离油表面分析的结果。在喷雾干燥湿组合物之前添加基质形成聚合物的情况下,实现了表面油的显著减少。
表1.有或没有基质形成聚合物的情况下,喷雾干燥组合物的游离油表面分析(粉末中全部油的%)
游离油含量(全部油的%) | |
没有基质形成聚合物的干燥组合物 | 10% |
具有基质形成聚合物的干燥组合物 | 5.7% |
因此,优选将经包覆的鱼油微滴进一步包埋在如本发明公开的聚合化合物的基质内。
实施例5
确定了微流化过程所需的最佳均质化压力。如实施例2中所述制备含有鱼油的干燥组合物,不同之处在于均质化压力在6000psi至16000psi之间变化。对所得干组合物进行游离油表面分析。通过己烷从干燥粉末中萃取表面油,随后蒸发己烷并经重量分析测定所萃取的油的量。图4示出均质化压力对所得颗粒的油游离表面的影响。可以确定,高于10K的均质化压力将经喷雾干燥的粉末中的游离油减少至低于6%。
实施例6
评估多种抗氧化剂共混物对包封效率的影响。如实施例2中所述制备含有鱼油的干燥组合物,不同之处在于用如表2中所述的多种混合物替代5%w/w抗氧化剂混合物。对所得干燥组合物进行游离油表面分析。通过己烷从干燥粉末中萃取表面油,随后蒸发己烷并经重量分析测定所萃取的油的量。这些多种抗氧化剂油共混物的游离油表面分析结果汇总在表2中。
表2.抗氧化剂油共混物的游离油表面分析
游离油表面分析结果表明抗氧化剂干扰包封过程,并且导致颗粒表面的高游离油含量。用含有维生素E和迷迭香提取物的抗氧化剂共混物获得了最低表面游离油含量。向共混物中添加茴香油提取物可有助于更好地掩盖腥臭味。
实施例7
由一组非专业小组来评估氧化的游离鱼油和包封的鱼油样品。将鱼油样品(约2g至4g)铺展在培养皿上,并于45℃和100%相对湿度下在培养箱中进行氧化12小时。表3示出了感受小组测试的简要评价。其表明本发明组合物中所包封的鱼油未因强制氧化处理而恶化。
表3.测试小组对包封和未包封的鱼油的强制氧化(在45℃和100%相对湿度下12小时)的一致评价
感测小组的一致评价 | |
游离鱼油 | 强烈腥臭气味 |
包覆在组合物成分上的游离鱼油 | 轻微腥臭气味 |
本发明的组合物中包封的鱼油 | 中性,没有腥臭气味 |
本发明不限于以上所述和所示例的实施方案,而是能够在所附权利要求的等同范围内进行改变和修改。
Claims (20)
1.包含被壳包覆且分散于基质中的疏水性微滴的组合物,其中所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物,其中所述壳包含不可逆变性蛋白质,其中所述基质包含蛋白质、淀粉和多糖,并且其中所述组合物包含小于20重量%的水。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述疏水性化合物为选自以下的生物活性剂:维生素、抗生素、类胡萝卜素、植物提取物、水果提取物、蔬菜提取物、抗氧化剂、脂质、类固醇、植物化学物质和药物。
3.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中通过施加两种不同外部应激源来制备所述不可逆变性蛋白质,其中每种外部应激源选自:酸、碱、无机盐、酶、有机溶剂、热和剪切力,及其组合。
4.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述疏水性微滴的粒度为0.1μm至5.0μm。
5.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中按重量计,所述不可逆变性蛋白质与所述疏水性微滴之比为0.1∶1至1∶1。
6.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述蛋白质为球状或无规卷曲蛋白质。
7.权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述球状或无规卷曲蛋白质选自:乳品蛋白质,明胶,玉米醇溶蛋白,牛血清白蛋白,卵清蛋白,来自小麦、大麦、黑麦或燕麦的蛋白质,蔬菜蛋白质,微生物蛋白质,豆类蛋白质,来自树生坚果的蛋白质和来自花生的蛋白质。
8.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述多糖选自:果胶、藻酸及其盐、黄原胶、壳聚糖、葡聚糖、支链淀粉、硫酸软骨素、阿拉伯树胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄蓍树胶和角叉菜胶。
9.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述淀粉经疏水化改性。
10.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述基质还包含选自以下的聚合物:乙基纤维素、HPMC Eudragit E、Eudragit E 100和Eudragit E PO。
11.权利要求1所述的组合物,还包含选自以下的抗氧化剂:磷脂、α-硫辛酸、柠檬酸、维生素C及其酯、绿茶多酚、绿茶提取物、葡萄籽提取物、白藜芦醇、槲皮素、肉桂酸及其盐、阿魏酸及其盐、迷迭香酸及其盐、类胡萝卜素、类姜黄素、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、生育酚、生育三烯酚、多酚、辅酶Q10、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸及其组合。
12.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述疏水性微滴还包含选自以下的食用油:植物油、动物油、海洋生物油和微藻油。
13.权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述植物油选自米糠油、亚麻籽油、和包含ω-3脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸的油。
14.权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述动物油选自海洋生物油、鱼油和卵油。
15.权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述微藻油包含ω-3脂肪酸、ω-6脂肪酸或共轭亚油酸。
16.制备组合物的方法,其包括:
(a)将包含疏水性微滴和蛋白质的混悬液的pH降低至低于所述蛋白质的等电点(pKa);
(b)使步骤(a)的所述混悬液中的蛋白质不可逆变性,从而形成被包含所述不可逆变性蛋白质之壳所包覆的疏水性微滴,其中所述疏水性微滴包含疏水性化合物;
(c)将步骤(b)的所述经包覆的疏水性微滴与蛋白质、淀粉和多糖混合以形成混合物;以及
(d)干燥步骤(c)的所述混合物,由此制备包含分散于基质中的经包覆疏水性微滴的组合物,其中所述基质包含所述蛋白质、淀粉和多糖,并且其中所述组合物包含小于20重量%的水。
17.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述不可逆变性蛋白质选自乳蛋白和卵蛋白,并且其中步骤(b)的所述壳包含至少60重量%的所述不可逆变性蛋白质。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法制备的组合物。
19.包含权利要求1所述的组合物的消费产品,其中所述消费产品具有治疗、营养或疾病预防作用。
20.权利要求19所述的产品,其中所述产品选自食品,营养品,即饮混合物,粉末剂、片剂或胶囊剂形式的补充剂,维生素预混物,粒状动物饲料、补充剂或预混物,保健品,药品和药物。
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AP2017009773A0 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
US10117839B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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DK201770094A1 (en) | 2017-03-13 |
CA2957368A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
US20160038428A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
CL2017000288A1 (es) | 2017-11-10 |
BR112017002301A2 (pt) | 2017-11-21 |
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BR112017002301B1 (pt) | 2021-12-07 |
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