CN110393295A - 一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法。具体地，本发明公开了一种姜黄素复合颗粒，其含有姜黄素、谷物类的醇溶蛋白、阿拉伯树胶、亚麻籽胶、TPGS。形成具有核‑壳结构并具有抗氧化功能的负载姜黄素的醇溶蛋白‑阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶‑TPGS的复合纳米颗粒溶液，具有良好的重分散性，粒径在100~300nm，Zeta电位在‑30mV以下，具有较高的物理稳定性，并且增强了姜黄素的抗氧化功能。本发明的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒可以显著提高姜黄素的水溶解性、生物利用度和稳定性，其醇溶蛋白‑阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶‑TPGS可作为疏水性食品功能性成分以及药物运输的纳米载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用天然高分子来作为疏水性食品功能性成分运输的纳米载体，尤其涉及一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法。
背景技术
姜黄素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂和预防老年痴呆等多种生理功能，然而水溶性差、不稳定、生物利用率低等缺陷也限制了其在食品中的应用。利用纳米技术，以天然生物大分子为材料，制备姜黄素的传递载体，可以解决上述问题。
谷物类的醇溶蛋白作为天然的大分子近年来广泛用作包埋生物活性成分。例如，玉米醇溶蛋白约含225个氨基酸残基，其中50%以上是疏水性蛋白，其中包括比例较高的亮氨酸（20%），脯氨酸(10%)和丙氨酸(10%)，也具有高比例的亲水性谷氨酰胺（21~26%），但缺乏碱性和酸性氨基酸，尤其是色氨酸与赖氨酸由于含有高比例的非极性氨基酸，故具有很强的疏水性，它不溶于纯水或纯醇，但可溶于70~95%的醇水溶液、高浓度的尿素溶液、阴离子洗涤剂等。将玉米醇溶蛋白的乙醇水溶液（70%~90%，v/v）滴加至水溶液中，乙醇浓度降低，玉米醇溶蛋白溶解度随之降低，分子间发生聚集，从而形成玉米醇溶蛋白颗粒。但因其高疏水性，干燥后的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米载体很难重新再分散在水中，但在玉米醇溶蛋白外侧包一层多糖和表面活性剂，可以解决上述问题。
因为阴离子多糖可以和醇溶蛋白（表面带正电荷）在pH为2~4的条件下发生静电作用。但单纯的阴离子多糖易受到pH的影响。阿拉伯树胶为典型的阴离子多糖，其溶解后溶液澄清透明，且形成的玉米醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶纳颗粒粒径较小，但是其在酸性条件下不稳定。亚麻籽胶是一种可以代替果胶、阿拉伯树胶、明胶的亲水性胶体，在酸碱性条件下稳定，且价格低廉，并具有一定的生理功能，是良好的膳食纤维，具有减肥美容及营养保健的作用，在降低糖尿病和冠状动脉心脏病的发病率、防止结肠癌和直肠癌、减少肥胖的发生率等方面有一定作用，可以用于制作营养保健食品。亚麻籽胶是一种无毒无刺激的天然制品，符合绿色食品的要求。
TPGS即维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯，是水溶性VE是维生素E的衍生物，由维生素E琥珀酸酯和聚乙二醇酯化而成。广泛应用于药物传递载体和食品保健品中，在高温下能保持稳定。加入TPGS非离子型表面活性剂增强了整个体系的稳定性，且冻干后的纳米颗粒在水中重新分散能力强，又因其生理功能，增强了此姜黄素复合纳米颗粒的功能性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在广泛酸碱条件下均稳定，同时可以协同姜黄素发挥生理功能，增强姜黄素的生物利用度的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒及其制备方法。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现：
一种姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液，所述姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液处于胶体状态，Zeta电位在-30mV以下，具有较高的物理稳定性，并且具有一定的抗氧化的功能。
进一步地，所述溶液中，姜黄素复合纳米颗粒的粒径在100~300nm，PDI在0.1~0.3之间。
所述姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将1.0g~2.0g醇溶蛋白溶于100ml乙醇水溶液（70%~90%）中，制备一定浓度（10mg/mL~20mg/mL）的醇溶蛋白溶液；
（2）将0.1g~0.3g姜黄素加入100mL 新鲜制备的醇溶蛋白溶液中，磁力搅拌（600~1000rpm，1h）或者超声辅助溶解（30min，350w，25℃~30℃）；
（3）用注射器取一定量步骤（2）溶液缓慢分散至pH=3.5~4去离子水中（用0.1MHCl溶液调节），得到姜黄素醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液，真空旋蒸除去乙醇（30℃~40℃，5min~15min，300w~450w）；
（4）将所得的姜黄素醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液；
（5）将所得上清液缓慢分散至复配好的阿拉伯树胶和亚麻籽胶溶液中，同时以900~1000rpm磁力搅拌，制得具有负载姜黄素的醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶-亚麻籽胶的纳米粒溶液；
（6）随后加入一定量的TPGS溶液，得到具有抗氧化功能的负载姜黄素的醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶-TPGS的复合纳米颗粒溶液。
优选地，所述的乙醇水溶液选为70%，形成的纳米粒粒径更加小和均匀。
优选地，所述的姜黄素纯度为95%~98%。
优选地，所述的注射器规格为1ml。
优选地，用真空旋蒸仪旋蒸除去分散液残存的乙醇溶液，温度不易过高，选为35℃最佳，旋蒸时间需要控制，最好控制在10min~15min之间，避免温度过高，时间过长，造成纳米粒团聚。
本发明具有如下优点：
1.本发明所采用原料均是天然生物大分子，可以降解，且成本低；
2.本发明采用亚麻籽胶作为包封材料，增加了亚麻籽胶在医药和保健品领域的应用；
3.本发明制得的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒具有明显球形结构，粒径分布均一，具有广泛的pH范围，可作为新型食品添加剂进行应用；
4.本发明所采用具有一定生理功能的原料，使在包封姜黄素提高其生物利用度的同时，还可以与姜黄素协同增强其抗氧化功能；
5.加入TPGS作为表面活性剂增强了整个体系的稳定性，且冻干后的纳米颗粒在水中重新分散能力强。
附图说明
图1 负载姜黄素的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒SEM图
图2 实施例1姜黄素复合纳米粒SEM图
图3 实施例2姜黄素复合纳米颗粒SEM图
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者同等替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1
（1）将2.0g玉米醇溶蛋白溶于100ml乙醇水溶液中（80%，v/v），以600rpm磁力搅拌1h至玉米醇溶蛋白全部溶解；
（2）将0.2g姜黄素粉末（纯度95%~98%）加入玉米醇溶蛋白溶液中，继续以600rpm磁力搅拌1h，离心（3000r/min，10min）；
（3）用注射器吸取4ml步骤（2）溶液缓慢分散至pH=4去离子水中（用0.1MHCl溶液调节），同时以920rpm磁力搅拌2min，得到姜黄素玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液，真空旋蒸除去乙醇（30℃，15min）；
（4）将所得的姜黄素玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液；
（5）用注射器取5ml步骤（4）所得上清液缓慢分散至15ml质量比3:2复配好的阿拉伯树胶和亚麻籽胶溶液（浓度0.1%）中，同时以940rpm磁力搅拌3min，离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液，制得具有负载姜黄素的玉米醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶的纳米粒溶液；
（6）随后加入0.02%TPGS溶液2ml，得到具有抗氧化功能的负载姜黄素的玉米醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶-TPGS的复合纳米颗粒溶液。
实施例2：
（1）将1.0g麦醇溶蛋白溶于100ml乙醇水溶液中（70%，v/v），以600rpm磁力搅拌30min至玉米醇溶蛋白全部溶解；
（2）将0.22g姜黄素粉末加入麦醇溶蛋白溶液中，继续以600rpm磁力搅拌30min，超声溶解30min（超声功率350w，温度30min）；
（3）用注射器吸取4ml步骤（2）溶液缓慢分散至pH=4去离子水中（用0.1MHCl溶液调节），同时以920rpm磁力搅拌2min，得到姜黄素玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液，真空旋蒸除去乙醇（35℃，10min）；
（4）将所得的姜黄素麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液；
（5）用注射器取20ml步骤（4）所得上清液缓慢分散至30ml质量比4:1复配好的阿拉伯树胶和亚麻籽胶溶液（浓度0.05%）中，同时以920rpm磁力搅拌3min，离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液，制得具有负载姜黄素的麦醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶的纳米粒溶液（最后将纳米粒溶液用0.1MHCl调节到pH=4）；
（7）随后加入0.01% TPGS溶液3~5ml，得到具有抗氧化功能的负载姜黄素的麦醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶-TPGS的复合纳米颗粒溶液。所形成的纳米颗粒粒径均在100nm~200nm。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒，其特征在于，所述的复合颗粒的组分包含：
（a）姜黄素；（b）谷物类的醇溶蛋白；（c）阿拉伯树胶；（d）亚麻籽胶；（e）TPGS（聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯）；
其具体步骤如下：
（1）将1.0g~2.0g醇溶蛋白溶于100ml乙醇水溶液（70%~90%）中，制备一定浓度（10mg/mL~20mg/mL）的玉米醇溶蛋白溶液；
（2）将0.1g~0.3g姜黄素加入100mL 新鲜制备的醇溶蛋白溶液中，磁力搅拌（600~1000rpm，1h）或者超声辅助溶解（30min，350w，25℃~30℃）；
（3）用注射器取一定量步骤（2）溶液缓慢分散至pH=3.5~4去离子水中（用0.1MHCl溶液调节），得到姜黄素醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液，真空旋蒸除去乙醇（30℃~40℃，5min~15min，300w~450w）；
（4）将所得的姜黄素醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒分散液离心（3000r/min，10min），取上清液；
（5）将所得上清液缓慢分散至复配好的阿拉伯树胶和亚麻籽胶溶液中，同时以900~1000rpm磁力搅拌3min，制得具有负载姜黄素的醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶-亚麻籽胶的纳米粒溶液；
（6）随后加入一定量的TPGS溶液，得到具有抗氧化功能的负载姜黄素的醇溶蛋白-阿拉伯树胶复合亚麻籽胶-TPGS的复合纳米颗粒溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，（b）谷物类醇溶蛋白包括玉米醇溶蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白等，但不限于这两种醇溶蛋白。
3.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，其所制得的粒径在100~300nm之间，溶液呈胶体状，粒径在-30mV以下，所述的复合纳米颗粒为亲水性颗粒，在pH2~9之间稳定，具有极好的抗氧化功能。
4.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，具有完整的核-壳结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中旋蒸温度控制在30℃~40℃，时间5min~15min，超声功率300w~450w，最优的条件为温度35℃，时间10min，超声功率350w。
6.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）阿拉伯树胶浓度为0.01%~0.3%和（d）亚麻籽胶浓度为0.01%~0.2%。
7.根据权利要求1所述，一种具有抗氧化功能的姜黄素复合纳米颗粒溶液及其制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（6）TPGS浓度低于0.04%。
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