CN101857510A - Special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to special organic composite fertilizer of the citrus residues of citrus, which is prepared by the following steps of: adopting raw materials comprising organic matters, urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, carrying out fermentation treatment on the organic matters firstly, then adding the assistant materials of the urea, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate according to the mixture ratio of 2.5 to 2.8 percent: 0.12 to 0.16 percent:0.7 to 1.3 percent of the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounting for the total mass percent, afterwards killing insects, sterilizing, granulating, drying, cooling, sieving and coating. The composite fertilizer is rich in the organic matters, the content of the organic matters exceeds 20 percent, and the organic matters are rich in humic acid; and the preparation method in the invention better solves the problem of treatment of the peels and the residues of the citrus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic fertilizer, relate in particular to a kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Be protection reservoir area, Yangtze River Gorges water resources, country has started reservoir area of Three Gorges oranges and tangerines industrial zone construction, improves the reservoir area ecotope, the stable relocation of people from reservoir areas of getting rich.Fast development through nearly ten years, capital investment reservoir area, countries and regions tangerine industries such as the U.S., Germany, Hong Kong and Macao have been assembled, built up the late-maturing oranges and tangerines and the early, middle and late ripe supporting orange juice secondary industry eaten raw of Asia maximum, oranges and tangerines and the multiplication of the processed goods output value thereof become the important source of finance of reservoir area of Three Gorges peasant.But along with the fast development of industry, the problems such as tangerine slag waste treatment that exist in rich water quality management in the oranges and tangerines production and the processing become increasingly conspicuous.
One, phosphorus, potassium are wasted bigger among the oranges and tangerines Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N-P-K=15-15-15 commonly used.The oranges and tangerines growth is different to the demand of N, P, K three big elements, and plant is by absorbing the mineral substance in the soil, can replenish elements such as part phosphorus, potassium, discover, the basis of big area employing at present is with fertile--the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N-P-K=15-15-15 of-tool slow-releasing, cost is higher, when guaranteeing the nitrogenous fertilizer demand, the surplus waste of phosphorus, potassium can appear, the most remarkable with phosphorus, tangerine garden mould earth, the outburst of water source green alga appear in serious meeting, increase pollution of area source scope and degree, both uneconomical also not environmental protection.
Two, the environmental protection of orange juice processing waste is disposed progressively becomes reservoir area of Three Gorges oranges and tangerines industry development bottleneck.Increase fast with 50% amplification in orange juice processing industry every year at present, progressively substituting import one orange juice market brings the reservoir area of Three Gorges regional economy huge property tax benefit.Planning by three capital construction commissions of State Council and Chongqing City, orange yield reached 3,000,000 tons in 2017, processing orange juice raw material fruit is more than 2,000,000 tons, and the production wastes such as tangerine slag that adopt oranges and tangerines to obtain after squeezing the juice when the time comes will be above 1,000,000 tons, if abandon big public hazards that will become the reservoir area of Three Gorges.This problem once repeatedly was subjected to the supervise and examine of local Environmental Protection Agency, and the solution meeting of this problem simultaneously brings bigger cost of disposal to enterprise.Though the tangerine slag for comprehensive utilizes, and turns waste into wealth, and obtains the great attention of enterprise, and country and Chongqing City's active support of the government, because tangerine slag acid content is higher, a lot of growing of bacterial classification can be restricted.If with its spontaneous fermentation product field also, can cause the improper yellow of mandarin tree, influence plant-growth.So over past ten years, relevant enterprises such as the Department of Science and Technology, Chongqing City government and Beijing group of Huiyuan drop into more than one hundred million funds, emphasis research and development tangerine dreg fodder production technology is abandoned the problem of causing disaster to solve the tangerine slag.Again because 1 ton of tangerine slag of drying need be a large amount of coal-fired, cause tangerine dreg fodder production cost high simultaneously, technical feasibility, price inversion is difficult to bear economically, and the difficult problem of tangerine slag processing so far still is the development bottleneck of reservoir area of Three Gorges orange juice processing enterprise.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, this compoiste fertilizer makes full use of the tangerine slag the like waste of oranges and tangerines processing gained, and it is rich in organic matter, and N, P, K content satisfy the optimum proportion demand of oranges and tangerines growth.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, this preparation method makes full use of the tangerine slag the like waste of oranges and tangerines processing gained, has solved the difficult problem that citrus peel residue is handled preferably.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, and it is to adopt to comprise that organic matter, urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar etc. are raw material, through organic matter being carried out fermentative processing and making; Wherein, described organic matter comprises weight percentage component described as follows: the tangerine slag, 50%～60%, said here tangerine slag be adopt belt leather or/and not the oranges and tangerines of belt leather after squeezing the juice, obtain other organic matter, 40%～50%; Described fermentative processing is to adopt by Chinese patent ZL200710093221.8, name is called in " a kind of bacillus megaterium and the application and methods for using them in enzymatic microorganism thereof " disclosed, and is that the bacillus megaterium M1 (Bac.megatherium.M1) of CGMCC NO.2267 expands a kind of acidproof, resistant to elevated temperatures microbiological active material-oranges and tangerines pomace zymophyte (Orange Slag Fermentation) OSF zymophyte that numerous cultivation obtains through conventional microorganism and carries out fermentative processing at the preserving number of Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center.
Above-mentioned special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, after its fermentative processing, prepare this fertilizer according to the following steps: the total mass per-cent that accounts for after the interpolation according to n-p-k element is the proportioning of N: P: K=2.5～2.8%: 0.12～0.16%: 0.7～1.3%, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar batching, Pesticidal and sterilizing again, granulation, dry, cooling, screening, dressing and preparing.
Above-mentioned other organic matter, it can be the flue-cured tobacco waste that after producing cigarette, obtains, through extracting the sweet wormwood slag that obtains behind the Artemisinin, the vegetable seed slag or the seeds of a tung oil tree slag that after oil expression, obtain, the crop straw, organic matter material or its mixtures such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, wheat bran, W-Gum, brown sugar, these organic matter material wide material sources, cheap and easy to get.
Above-mentioned fermentative processing is performed such: adopt Chinese patent ZL200710093221.8, name is called disclosed bacillus megaterium M1 (Bac.megatherium.M1) in " a kind of bacillus megaterium and the application and methods for using them in enzymatic microorganism thereof ", to adopt materials such as peptone, wheat bran, brown sugar, W-Gum is substratum, under 25～35 ℃ of environment, cultivate production and obtain a kind of acidproof, resistant to elevated temperatures microbiological active material-oranges and tangerines pomace zymophyte (OrangeSlag Fermentation) OSF zymophyte; Adopt the OSF zymophyte that organic matters such as tangerine slag were carried out aerobic fermentation 4～7 days then, wherein, by its consumption of gross weight is OSF zymophyte 〉=5 * 107/gram, so that the quick and complete soil ulmin that is fermented into of material, 70～75 ℃ of hot environments that produce in the while fermenting process, can kill insect or the insect ovum and the eqpidemic disease germs such as citrus bacterial canker disease, yellow twig of carrying in the discarded tangerine slag, also be beneficial to evaporation and get rid of most moisture, dry organic composition.
Above-mentioned Pesticidal and sterilizing adopts 100～120 ℃ water vapour to carry out Pesticidal and sterilizing and handled at least 5 minutes, and such operation can guarantee organic validity.Above-mentioned drying is that the dry materials after the granulation to water content is not higher than 12% of gross weight, and this moisture content scope is more suitable.Above-mentioned cooling is that dried material is cooled to 20～35 ℃.Granularity remains in 3～4.75mm standard during above-mentioned screening, and such globule size is comparatively suitable, steady quality, and outward appearance is better, and is beneficial to dressing and uses.Above-mentioned dressing adopts Synolac to carry out, and the coating effect of this resin is good, and the composite fertilizer that obtains has slow-releasing, is fit to spread fertilizer over the fields.
The above-mentioned organic matter that carries out after the fermentative processing, percentage ratio meter by weight, organic component content 〉=45%, nitrogen, phosphorus, each content of potassium element all 〉=6%, moisture≤20%.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of preparation method of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it is to adopt each above-mentioned feed composition, prepare by the method that may further comprise the steps: earlier even described organic matter, adopt described OSF zymophyte oxygen supply fermentative processing again 4～7 days, and then add urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar batching, Pesticidal and sterilizing again, granulation afterwards, drying, cooling, screening, dressing etc.
Above-mentioned Pesticidal and sterilizing step preferably adopts the steam treatment at least 5 minutes that adopts 100～120 ℃ in rotary drum granulator, can guarantee organic validity like this, can directly carry out granulating working procedure behind the Pesticidal and sterilizing simultaneously, and is convenient and swift.
Above-mentioned granulation is that the granulometry by 3～4.75mm carries out granulation, and such globule size is comparatively suitable, steady quality, and outward appearance is better, and is beneficial to dressing and uses.Above-mentioned drying preferably adopts in dryer carries out, and its temperature in is 150 ℃, 40～45 ℃ of temperature outs, and this operation can realize the exsiccant purpose, also has the effect of secondary Pesticidal and sterilizing simultaneously; Also can be drier, specifically be drying at least 15 minutes under 60 ℃ of constant temperatures, with further minimizing water content, can guarantee that also its water content is not higher than 12% of gross weight simultaneously.Above-mentioned coating steps preferably adopts in the dressing machine spraying Synolac to carry out dressing, and such manipulating is easy, laborsaving saving of labor.
Can also carry out deodorization after the above-mentioned fermentative processing and handle in the deodorization groove, deodorization is handled can remove the bad smell of this composite fertilizer, makes gaseous emission be beneficial to environmental protection more, reduces atmospheric pollution.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, organic matter is rich in composite fertilizer of the present invention, its content surpasses 20%, and the humic acids that is rich in the organic matter has soda acid resiliency preferably, can effectively improve soil aggregate, improve the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), regulate soil pH value, improve the preserving soil moisture ability, and can stimulate the activity of soil enzyme and beneficial microorganism to breed, improve soil fertility structure, can effectively improve the activity of nutritive element, effect is better than unitary composite fertilizer.
2, N, P, K content meet the best demand of oranges and tangerines growth.Oranges and tangerines high yield orchard nutrient diagnosis shows in producing in conjunction with practice, the best demand standard value of each element is in the oranges and tangerines growth: nitrogen accounts for 2.5～2.8% of cured leaf sheet substance weight, potassium accounts for 0.7～1.3%, phosphorus accounts for 0.12～0.16%, phosphorus only is 1/19 of nitrogen, 1/7 of potassium, therefore, the compoiste fertilizer that the present invention develops adapts to the suitableeest standard of oranges and tangerines growth, its organic matter 〉=20%, effective constituent 〉=21%, N, P, nutrient contents such as K meet oranges and tangerines growth best nutritional standard, can improve fertilizer utilization ratio after the use, reduce the fertilizing management cost, also avoid the surplus waste of conventional composite fertilizer nutritive element.
3, the preparation method among the present invention has solved citrus peel residue and has handled a difficult problem.Its organic major part derives from oranges and tangerines processing depleted tangerine slag, the processing such as fermentation, high temperature Pesticidal and sterilizing of becoming thoroughly decomposed by applying biological, this compoiste fertilizer of producing, usefulness with recycle oranges and tangerines processing waste, carbon reduction, it is the another effective way that solves China's oranges and tangerines processing waste, meet the fundamental policy of national carbon reduction, application is had a bright future.
4, the present invention adopts the composite fertilizer that the coated slow release technology obtains, and has slow-releasing, is fit to spread fertilizer over the fields, easy to use, laborsaving saving of labor has avoided processable fertilizer such as urea, spread fertilizer over the fields fine volatilization, rainy day leaching waste, the chemical fertilizer labor cost height of spreading manuer in holes is difficult to drawbacks such as popularization.
Specific implementation method
Below by embodiment the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this; following examples only are used for the present invention is further detailed; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the foregoing invention content.
Embodiment 1
A kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it adopts percentage meter by weight, with 50% tangerine slag, 30% wheat bran, 10% W-Gum, 5% peat composed of rotten mosses, and 5% the crop straw be organic, earlier in the even machine of cartridge type, carry out organic matter even, again by 20 * 107/gram amount, add the OSF zymophyte and carry out become thoroughly decomposed fermentative processing 4 days of automatic turning oxygen supply, wherein, the OSF zymophyte obtains like this: adopt bacillus megaterium M1, and peptone, wheat bran, brown sugar, conventional microorganism culturing matrix such as W-Gum under 25 ℃ of environment, expands numerous cultural method production by general microorganism and obtains this OSF zymophyte.In the organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentative processing, percentage ratio meter by weight, organic component content is 47%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, each content of potassium element are respectively 7%, 9%, 8%, and moisture is 12%.Carrying out deodorization then and handled 7 days in the deodorization groove, is N: P: K=2.5% according to accounting for total mass per-cent secondly: 0.12%: 0.7% proportioning, promptly be converted to N, P, K effective constituent is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2.5%: 0.3%: 0.8% proportioning; add urea; monoammonium phosphate; the vitriolate of tartar batching; material after will preparing burden again imports in the rotary drum granulator; adopt 102 ℃ water vapour Pesticidal and sterilizing 5 minutes; press the standard granulation of 3～4.75mm again; send into drying and dehydrating and secondary High Temperature Sterilization in the dryer afterwards; this dryer temperature in is 150 ℃; 40 ℃ of temperature outs, dry materials to moisture content accounts for 11% of gross weight, is cooled to 30 ℃ again; after making granularity remain in 3～4.75mm standard through twice screening; enter the fatty acid modified high viscosity Synolac of spraying commercially available prod MF9170 in the dressing machine, carry out coating, get product through packing more at last.
Embodiment 2
A kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it adopts percentage meter by weight, with 53% tangerine slag, 15% crop straw, 14% brown sugar, 5% sweet wormwood slag, and 13% the vegetable seed slag be organic, earlier in the even machine of cartridge type, carry out organic matter even, again by 13 * 107/gram amount, add the OSF zymophyte and carry out become thoroughly decomposed fermentative processing 5 days of automatic turning oxygen supply, wherein, the OSF zymophyte obtains like this: adopt bacillus megaterium M1, and peptone, wheat bran, brown sugar, conventional microorganism culturing matrix such as W-Gum under 28 ℃ of environment, expands numerous cultural method production by general microorganism and obtains this OSF zymophyte.In the organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentative processing, percentage ratio meter by weight, organic component content is 46%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, each content of potassium element are respectively 9%, 7%, 10%, and moisture is 9%.Carrying out deodorization then and handled 8 days in the deodorization groove, is N: P: K=2.6% according to accounting for total mass per-cent secondly: 0.14%: 0.9% proportioning, promptly be converted to N, P, K effective constituent is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2.6%: 0.3%: 1.1% proportioning; add urea; monoammonium phosphate; the vitriolate of tartar batching; material after will preparing burden again imports in the rotary drum granulator; adopt 110 ℃ water vapour Pesticidal and sterilizing 6 minutes; press the standard granulation of 3～4.75mm again; send into drying and dehydrating and secondary High Temperature Sterilization in the dryer afterwards; this dryer temperature in is 150 ℃; 45 ℃ of temperature outs; dry materials to moisture content accounts for 12% of gross weight; under 60 ℃ of constant temperatures dry again 15 minutes again, account for 10% of gross weight to moisture content, be cooled to 22 ℃ again; after making granularity remain in 3～4.75mm standard through twice screening; enter spraying commercially available prod MF9280 synthetic fatty acid modified alkyd resin in the dressing machine, carry out coating, get product through packing more at last.
Embodiment 3
A kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it adopts percentage meter by weight, with 57% tangerine slag, 20% crop straw, 14% flue-cured tobacco waste, 5% seeds of a tung oil tree slag, and 4% W-Gum be organic, earlier in the even machine of cartridge type, carry out organic matter even, again by 26 * 107/gram amount, add the OSF zymophyte and carry out become thoroughly decomposed fermentative processing 6 days of automatic turning oxygen supply, wherein, the OSF zymophyte obtains like this: adopt bacillus megaterium M1, and peptone, wheat bran, brown sugar, conventional microorganism culturing matrix such as W-Gum under 32 ℃ of environment, expands numerous cultural method production by general microorganism and obtains this OSF zymophyte.In the organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentative processing, percentage ratio meter by weight, organic component content is 50%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, each content of potassium element are respectively 12%, 11%, 8%, and moisture is 9%.Carrying out deodorization then and handled 6 days in the deodorization groove, is N: P: K=2.7% according to accounting for total mass per-cent secondly: 0.15%: 1.0% proportioning, promptly be converted to N, P, K effective constituent is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2.7%: 0.3%: 1.2% proportioning; add urea; monoammonium phosphate; the vitriolate of tartar batching; material after will preparing burden again imports in the rotary drum granulator; adopt 116 ℃ water vapour Pesticidal and sterilizing 10 minutes; press the standard granulation of 3～4.75mm again; send into drying and dehydrating and secondary High Temperature Sterilization in the dryer afterwards; this dryer temperature in is 150 ℃; 42 ℃ of temperature outs, dry materials to moisture content accounts for 10% of gross weight, is cooled to 28 ℃ again; after making granularity remain in 3～4.75mm standard through twice screening; enter spraying commercially available prod aqueous alkide resin product in the dressing machine, carry out coating, get product through packing more at last.
Embodiment 4
A kind of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it adopts percentage meter by weight, with 60% tangerine slag, 12% crop straw, 4% flue-cured tobacco waste, 13% seeds of a tung oil tree slag, and 11% W-Gum be organic, earlier in the even machine of cartridge type, carry out organic matter even, again by 32 * 107/gram amount, add the 0SF zymophyte and carry out become thoroughly decomposed fermentative processing 7 days of automatic turning oxygen supply, wherein, the OSF zymophyte obtains like this: adopt bacillus megaterium M1, and peptone, wheat bran, brown sugar, conventional microorganism culturing matrix such as W-Gum under 28 ℃ of environment, expands numerous cultural method production by general microorganism and obtains this OSF zymophyte.In the organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentative processing, percentage ratio meter by weight, organic component content is 50%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, each content of potassium element are respectively 11%, 10%, 9%, and moisture is 6%.Carrying out deodorization then and handled 7 days in the deodorization groove, is N: P: K=2.8% according to accounting for total mass per-cent secondly: 0.16%: 1.3% proportioning, promptly be converted to N, P, K effective constituent is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2.8%: 0.4%: 1.6% proportioning; add urea; monoammonium phosphate; the vitriolate of tartar batching; material after will preparing burden again imports in the rotary drum granulator; adopt 120 ℃ water vapour Pesticidal and sterilizing 11 minutes; press the standard granulation of 3～4.75mm again; send into drying and dehydrating and secondary High Temperature Sterilization in the dryer afterwards; this dryer temperature in is 150 ℃; 42 ℃ of temperature outs; dry materials to moisture content accounts for 11% of gross weight; under 60 ℃ of constant temperatures dry again 15 minutes again, account for 8% of gross weight to moisture content, be cooled to 35 ℃ again; through three times the screening make granularity remain in 3～4.75mm standard after; enter spraying commercially available prod MF9270 synthetic fatty acid acid modified alcoholic light resin in the dressing machine, carry out coating, get product through packing more at last.
Claims (10)
1. special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, it is to adopt to comprise that organic matter, urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar are raw material, through organic matter being carried out fermentative processing and making;
Wherein, described organic matter comprises weight percentage component described as follows: tangerine slag, 50%～60%, other organic matter, 40%～50%; Described fermentative processing is to adopt bacillus megaterium M1 to expand the OSF zymophyte that numerous cultivation obtains through conventional microorganism to carry out fermentative processing.
2. special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus as claimed in claim 1, after the described fermentative processing, prepare this fertilizer according to the following steps: the total mass per-cent that accounts for after the interpolation according to n-p-k element is the proportioning of N: P: K=2.5～2.8%: 0.12～0.16%: 0.7～1.3%, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar batching, Pesticidal and sterilizing again, granulation, dry, cooling, screening, dressing and preparing.
3. special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, described fermentative processing is performed such: adopt bacillus megaterium M1, under 25～35 ℃ of environment, microorganism is expanded numerous cultural method production and obtains the OSF zymophyte routinely, adopt OSF zymophyte organic matter to carry out aerobic fermentation 4～7 days then, wherein, be at least 5 * 107/gram by gross weight OSF zymophyte consumption.
4. as claim 1,2 or 3 described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, described Pesticidal and sterilizing adopts 100～120 ℃ water vapour, handles at least 5 minutes.
5. as the arbitrary described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus of claim 1-4, described drying is that the dry materials after the granulation to water content is not higher than 12% of gross weight; Described cooling is that dried material is cooled to 20～35 ℃; Described screening, granularity remain in 3～4.75mm standard; Described dressing adopts Synolac to carry out.
6. as the preparation method of the arbitrary described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus of claim 1-5, it is to adopt described each feed composition, prepares by the method that may further comprise the steps: earlier even described organic matter, adopt described OSF zymophyte again, oxygen supply fermentative processing 4～7 days, and then add urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar batching, Pesticidal and sterilizing again, granulation, dry, cooling, screening, dressing.
7. the preparation method of special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus as claimed in claim 6, described Pesticidal and sterilizing adopts 100～120 ℃ steam treatment at least 5 minutes in rotary drum granulator.
8. as the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus, described granulation is that the granulometry by 3～4.75mm carries out; Described drying is carried out in dryer, and its temperature in is 150 ℃, 40～45 ℃ of temperature outs; Described dressing sprays Synolac and carries out dressing in the dressing machine.
9. as the preparation method of the arbitrary described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus of claim 6-8, after the described drying step, dry again; Described drying again is a drying at least 15 minutes under 60 ℃ of constant temperatures.
10. as the preparation method of the arbitrary described special organic composite fertilizer of citrus residues of citrus of claim 6-9, also carry out deodorization after the described fermentative processing and handle.
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| CN108055959A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-22 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | Citrus efficiently covers cultivating method |
| CN108064623A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-25 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | Tribute mandarin orange and the efficient implantation methods of purple sweet potato interplanting |
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