CN110668874A - Organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing, and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing, and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing and a preparation method thereof, the organic fertilizer is prepared by adopting 60-90 parts of compound fertilizer, 30-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts of nano-cellulose, 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 1-10 parts of forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, 1-5 parts of insecticide and 150 parts of carrier 100 and organic solvent, can regulate plant growth, correct physiological diseases, is beneficial to supplementing necessary nutrient elements for plants, reduces the using amount of the fertilizer and reduces the pollution of agricultural chemicals to soil and underground water; the method can supplement nutrient components required by each growth period for the oranges, so that the oranges can quickly and fully obtain the required nutrient components in each growth period, keep balanced nutrition, improve the soil environment of the root systems of the oranges, promote robust root systems and prevent and control the yellowing of the oranges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing and a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
The etiolation of oranges is classified into three types: i.e., mottled yellowing, uniform yellowing, and absent yellowing. The etiolated branches and leaves start etiolated from the vicinity of veins, the base or the edge of the leaves and gradually spread to form mottled diseased leaves with alternate yellow and green, and finally develop into uniform etiolated leaves. After yellow tips and mottle type yellowing appear in young trees, summer tips or autumn tips generated on the young trees keep green near main veins and branch veins of leaves, the rest parts of the young trees are yellowed, the whole leaves are in lack of element type yellowing, the veins of the yellowed leaves are swollen and protruded, local cork is cracked, and new tips, small leaves and small fruits which are extracted from diseased branches are in soft-skinned fruits, which is the most typical symptom.
Under the citrus growing environment condition consisting of various factors such as soil, moisture, nutrients, temperature, illumination, air and the like, the citrus tree is yellowed due to a plurality of inducements, such as improper fertilization, girdling or pruning, too many fruits, too high underground water level, improper medication, lack of elements, weather temperature, infectious germs and the like.
The existing method for preventing and controlling citrus yellowing mainly comprises the steps of improving a cultivation process, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and supplementing nutrient components. The cultivation process adopts organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to replace the prior single fertilizer to improve the soil; optimizing the irrigation process and keeping the soil moist; optimize the weeding process and avoid damaging roots. The prevention and control of the diseases and the pests are combined with the prevention and control measures of the Huanglongbing and the occurrence profile of the diseases and the pests of the citrus saplings to carry out comprehensive prevention and control. The citrus fertilizer is added with nutrient components required by citrus, and is assisted with the spraying of amino acid high-calcium full-nutrient foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface. However, in actual planting, the treatment effect of the measures on citrus etiolation is poor, and the citrus etiolation repair situation is improved, but the citrus etiolation repair rate is low, so that the requirements are still difficult to meet.
Therefore, how to control citrus yellowing disease and prepare an organic fertilizer capable of effectively controlling citrus leaf apex yellowing is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing;
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of compound fertilizer, 30-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts of nano cellulose, 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 1-10 parts of forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, 1-5 parts of insecticide and 150 parts of carrier.
Further, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the potassium chloride, the monoammonium phosphate, the diammonium phosphate and the urea is 1: 0.5-1.2.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the compound fertilizer formula adopted by the invention can provide essential nutrient substances for the growth of the citrus, especially can provide enough essential substances for the growth of the citrus, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and meets the requirements of the citrus on the essential nutrient substances for the growth.
Further, the organic fertilizer is one or more of chicken manure, goose manure, pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the organic fertilizer adopted by the invention contains various probiotic bacteria, the decomposition effect of the organic fertilizer can provide essential medium elements and trace elements for the growth of the oranges, and other diseases of the oranges caused by the lack of the trace elements are avoided.
Further, the carrier is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, ethanol, isopropanol and water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the raw materials in the invention can regulate the growth of plants through interaction, correct physiological diseases, be beneficial to supplementing necessary nutrient elements for plants, reduce the using amount of fertilizers and reduce the pollution of agricultural chemicals to soil and underground water; the method can supplement nutrient components required by each growth period for the oranges, so that the oranges can quickly and fully obtain the required nutrient components in each growth period, keep balanced nutrition, improve the soil environment of the root systems of the oranges, promote robust root systems and prevent and control the yellowing of the oranges.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight part ratio for later use;
(2) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 15-25min at the speed of 50-100r/min to obtain a mixture;
(3) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (2) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(4) and (4) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) in a preservation room at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 20-40h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Further, the preparation method of the forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and baical skullcap root, and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes;
(2) extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (1) with ethanol for 10-20 minutes under an ultrasonic condition, repeating the extraction for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic frequency in the step (2) of the preparation method of the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract is 15-35 kHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention has simple production technology, low equipment requirement and low cost, and can realize large-scale production and use; the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, soil organic matters can be increased, the soil environment is improved, and the ecological environment of an orchard is protected; the organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention effectively prevents and controls citrus yellow diseases, improves the production performance and the fruit-optimizing rate of fruit trees, and increases the economic benefit.
The invention also provides an application method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing, which comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing is applied once in the last ten days of month 2 and month 5 every year, and 400-500g of fertilizer is applied to each citrus plant.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis, and sieving the pulverized whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis with a 60-mesh sieve; extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (A) with ethanol for 10 minutes under the ultrasonic condition of 35kHz, repeating the extraction for 2 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain a forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract;
(2) weighing 90kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of chicken manure, 20kg of sheep manure, 1kg of nano-cellulose, 5kg of bacillus subtilis, 5kg of humic acid, 30kg of sawdust, 1kg of scutellaria forsythia suspensa extract, 1kg of insecticide, 30kg of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70kg of water for later use; the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the monoammonium phosphate to the diamine hydrogen phosphate to the urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 1.2;
(3) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 15min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain a mixture;
(4) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (3) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(5) and (4) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (4) in a preservation room at 80 ℃ for 20h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Example 2
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the whole sun-dried forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis, and sieving the crushed forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis with a 100-mesh sieve; and then extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (A) with ethanol for 20 minutes under the ultrasonic condition of 15kHz, repeating the extraction for 3 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
(2) Weighing 60kg of compound fertilizer, 10kg of goose manure, 10kg of pig manure, 10kg of cow manure, 5kg of nano-cellulose, 2kg of bacillus subtilis, 10kg of humic acid, 20kg of sawdust, 10kg of forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, 5kg of insecticide, 50kg of aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and 100kg of water for later use; the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the monoammonium phosphate to the diamine hydrogen phosphate to the urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.5;
(3) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 25min at the speed of 50r/min to obtain a mixture;
(4) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (3) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(5) and (4) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (4) in a preservation room at 60 ℃ for 40h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Example 3
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis, and sieving the pulverized whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis with a 80-mesh sieve; and then extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (A) with ethanol for 15 minutes under the ultrasonic condition of 25kHz, repeating the extraction for 2 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
(2) Weighing 75kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of chicken manure, 15kg of cow manure, 3kg of nano-cellulose, 4kg of bacillus subtilis, 7kg of humic acid, 25kg of sawdust, 5kg of scutellaria forsythia suspensa extract, 3kg of insecticide, 40 kg of ethanol and 80kg of water for later use; the mass ratio of potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.8: 1;
(3) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 20min at the speed of 75r/min to obtain a mixture;
(4) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (3) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(5) and (4) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (4) in a preservation room at 70 ℃ for 30h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Example 4
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis, and sieving the pulverized whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis with a 80-mesh sieve; and then extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (A) with ethanol for 15 minutes under the ultrasonic condition of 20kHz, repeating the extraction for 3 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
(2) Weighing 80kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of pig manure, 5kg of cow manure, 2kg of nano-cellulose, 4kg of bacillus subtilis, 9kg of humic acid, 22kg of sawdust, 3kg of scutellaria forsythia suspensa extract, 2kg of insecticide, 60kg of isopropanol and 70kg of water for later use; the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the monoammonium phosphate to the diamine hydrogen phosphate to the urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.7: 0.9: 0.7;
(3) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 22min under the condition of 80r/min to obtain a mixture;
(4) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (3) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(5) and (3) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (4) in a preserving room at 65 ℃ for 33h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Example 5
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis, and sieving the pulverized whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and scutellaria baicalensis with a 75-mesh sieve; and then extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (A) with ethanol for 12 minutes under the ultrasonic condition of 30kHz, repeating the extraction for 2 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
(2) Weighing 65kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of sheep manure, 1kg of nano-cellulose, 3kg of bacillus subtilis, 5kg of humic acid, 28kg of sawdust, 6kg of scutellaria forsythia suspensa extract, 2kg of insecticide and 110kg of water for later use; the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the monoammonium phosphate to the diamine hydrogen phosphate to the urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.65: 0.75: 1.15;
(3) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, insecticide and carrier into a mixer, and stirring for 18min at 70r/min to obtain a mixture;
(4) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (3) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(5) and (3) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (4) in a preserving room at 65 ℃ for 25h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
Test examples
Selecting 300 citrus plants with etiolated leaves, dividing the citrus plants into three groups, and applying the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1, 3 and 5 of the invention respectively, and selecting 200 healthy citrus plants, dividing the citrus plants into two groups, and applying the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 2 and 4 of the invention respectively; in the experimental process, the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing of the embodiments 1-5 is applied once in the last 2 months and the last 5 months of the year of 2017-2019 for three consecutive years, and each citrus is fertilized with 400-500 g. The results are shown in tables 1-3. (the data in the experimental results are all three years' average values)
TABLE 1 Citrus plants with yellowing before and after fertilization
| Number of diseased plants before fertilization | The number of plants ill at one time of fertilization | The number of diseased plants is twice after fertilization | |
| Example 1 | 100 | 72 | 8 |
| Example 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 100 | 65 | 10 |
| Example 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Example 5 | 100 | 62 | 4 |
As can be seen from the experimental data in the table 1, the organic fertilizer can effectively prevent and treat citrus leaf-tip yellowing, and the effective cure rate of the organic fertilizer on the plants with the leaf-tip yellowing exceeds 90%.
TABLE 2 measurement of chlorophyll content of citrus plants after fertilization
In Table 2, the chlorophyll content was measured by using SPAD-502 chlorophyll analyzer, and the unit is SPAD.
As can be seen from the data in the table 2, the organic fertilizer can effectively increase the content of chlorophyll in citrus leaves, so that the citrus leaf tip yellowing can be effectively treated.
Claims (10)
1. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of compound fertilizer, 30-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts of nano cellulose, 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 1-10 parts of forsythia suspense leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, 1-5 parts of insecticide and 150 parts of carrier.
2. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea.
3. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium chloride, the monoammonium phosphate, the diammonium phosphate and the urea is 1: 0.5-1.2.
4. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is one or more of chicken manure, goose manure, pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure.
5. The organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, aralkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, ethanol, isopropanol and water.
6. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight of any one of claims 1 to 5 for later use;
(2) putting the weighed compound fertilizer, nano-cellulose, sawdust, forsythia suspensa leaf and scutellaria baicalensis extract, pesticide and carrier into a mixer and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
(3) sequentially putting the weighed bacillus subtilis, humic acid and organic fertilizer into the mixture obtained in the step (2) and uniformly stirring to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
(4) and (4) preserving and fermenting the primary organic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) in a preservation room at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 20-40h to obtain the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing.
7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the scutellaria forsythia suspensa extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing the sun-dried whole plant of weeping forsythia leaves and baical skullcap root, and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes;
(2) extracting the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis powder obtained in the step (1) with ethanol for 10-20 minutes under an ultrasonic condition, repeating the extraction for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying the extracting solution to obtain the forsythia suspense leaf scutellaria baicalensis extract.
8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic frequency in the step (2) is 15-35 kHz.
9. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the stirring speed is 50-100r/min, and the stirring time is 15-25 min.
10. An application method of an organic fertilizer for preventing citrus leaf apex yellowing is characterized by comprising the following steps: applying the organic fertilizer for preventing and treating citrus leaf apex yellowing according to any one of claims 1-5 once in the last 2 th and 5 th months of each year, and applying 400-500g of fertilizer to each citrus plant.
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| CN115213215B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-05-26 | 北京师范大学 | Repairing agent for repairing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200110 |