CN103804058B - A kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer and preparation method, it is made up of a certain proportion of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acids, magnesium oxide, borax, diatomite, its step: A, with monomer fertilizer: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are raw material; B, by raw material pulverizing; C, in granulation process, add pulverous humic acid, magnesium oxide and borax; D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling, obtain the three element compound fertilizer material containing humic acid and medium trace element.Solve that this area's fertilizer type is single, element proportioning is unreasonable, degradation problem under the not high and quality of utilization rate of fertilizer that medium trace element lacks and causes.Continuous administration is after 2 years, Nanfeng orange fruit titratable acid content is reduced to 0.64%, does Vc content improve 0.81? mg/100g, solubility solid improves 1.10%, Gu acid is than raising 3.17, pulp pulp hardness reduces by 15.44%, resistance to chewability reduces by 11.79%, fruit fruit face bright and clean, have typical orange, mouthfeel slag, commodity is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tangerine quality technical field of fertilizers, more specifically relate to a kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, also relate to a kind of preparation method of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer simultaneously.
Background technology
China's oranges and tangerines cultivated area and annual production so far leaps to the first in the world.No matter in international and domestic market for farm products, oranges and tangerines all occupy very consequence.In world market, the volume of trade of oranges and tangerines is only second to wheat and maize in agricultural-food, comes the 3rd; Market at home, oranges and tangerines consumption is only second to apple, is in the 2nd of fruit consumption.Oranges and tangerines also occupy very important position in the Economic development in south China rural area, the increasing peasant income in south China area are got rich count for much (Hu Zhihua. China's oranges and tangerines production and marketing research [J]. Beijing Agriculture, 2011,6:57-60.).But along with the raising of China's economic level, living standards of the people, market changes to " mass type " the demand of oranges and tangerines, so improve the prerequisite that Quality Parameters in Orange is stable yields, quality is bad, even if there is output, also can hinder sale, cause decline in benefits (He Jing, Qi Chunjie. the positive research of China's oranges and tangerines consumer behaviour and influence factor thereof---for urban and rural residents of Wuhan City oranges and tangerines consumption [J]. consumer economy, 2011 (1): 65-68.; Shen Zhaomin. China's oranges and tangerines production and marketing present situation, problems solutions [J]. the friend of orchard worker, 2012 (3): 3-4.).
Jiangxi Province's Nanfeng County is called as " township of Chinese tangerine ", and belong to monsoon climatic region, subtropics, warmer climate, frostless season is long, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, mean annual precipitation 1700 millimeters, during annual sunshine time 1928.2, is country of origin and the Main Cultivation ground of Nanfeng orange; Within 2003, achieve national Protect the origin place identification and A level green food certificate.In recent years, the whole county continued to increase exploitation dynamics, accelerated to advance Nanfeng orange industrialization management, and whole county tangerine cultivated area reaches 260,000 mu, and ultimate production reaches 2.82 hundred million jin.
It is beautiful that Nanfeng orange has the sweet matter of taste, has thin, the seedless or few core of skin, without slag or few slag, juice how dense sweet, fragrant aroma, golden yellow color, nutritious feature, also little with it, is called as " money tangerine " and has won fame both at home and abroad.Except selling to the big city such as Shanghai, Wuhan, also has section port export trade.But Nanfeng County is located in red soil region due to Jiangxi, soil meta-acid, in addition the problem that fertile kind is single, proportioning is unreasonable and relevant water and fertilizer management measure falls behind is not resolved, cause fertilising imbalance, utilization rate of fertilizer not high, have impact on quality and yield, the problem especially changing slag difference have impact on its competitive power in domestic and international market.
Retrieval prior art; existing oranges and tangerines special fertilizer formula fertilizer is formulated; mainly with nourishing and growing about oranges and tangerines with reference to related data and document and the ubiquity rule of nutrient demand; draft the proportioning of several N, P, K proportioning or organic and inorganic fertilizer; by field test formula fertilizer effect verified and formulate (Li Shuyi; Liao Xinrong; Liao Guanrong; Lan Peiling, Zeng Xiang add and Zhang Fengming. and shatian pomelo series special fertilizer is on the impact [J] of shaddock fruit yield and quality. and soil and environment .2000.9 (3): 246-248.; Li Zewen. organic-inorganic formula fertilizer experimental study preliminary study [J] used by citrus. and Agriculture in Hunan science .1996. (03): 37.; Happy one-tenth. the Effect disquisition [J] of different ingredients citrus special fertilizer. Chinese soil and fertilizer .2006. (03): 35-36.; Wu Sen, Fu Shuicai, Luo Shuhui and pair radiance. Rong Mu liquid fertilizer is application test report [J] on Nanfeng orange. modern horticultural .2008.3:5.; Xu Peiqin, Li Shuan come, Xiong Guiyun and explain dawn forever. and citrus compound fertilizer special corrects [J] to the impact of yield and quality and proportioning. hubei agricultural science .1996.4:33-35.; Zhang Mingxiang, Scout and Hu Qunzhong. biological organic complex fertilizer is on the impact [J] of citrus production, quality and tangerine Orchard Soil fertility. hubei agricultural science .2002.3:34-36.), or special fertilizer is only implemented in plot experiment, the determination of practical application effect is without large-scale demonstration comparison (Wang Rui, Wei Youzhang, Yang Xiaoe, virgin Chang Hua, Jia Yanbo, Hong Chun comes, Shi Xuegen, Han Changcan, JuhaniUoti. different ratio Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is on the impact [J] of orange yield and quality. Zhejiang Agriculture science .2004.5:243-245.).
The advantage of prior art is according to cultivation for many years and nutrient management experience, fertilising custom and mandarin tree body nutrient requirement characteristics formulation, regulate the proportioning of fertilizer N, P, K fertilizer and organic fertilizer mineral manure, accord with local citrus orchard tree body nutrient demand, can utilization rate of fertilizer be improved.But weak point also clearly, the cultivation of various places citrus orchard and nutrient management level differ, and soil nutrient differs greatly, and without soil, orangery Nutrient Investigation, can not accurately grasp its nutrient limiting factors, and the special fertilizer fertilizer nutrient proportioning of proposition lacks specific aim; Without the checking that plot experiment and Demonstration And Extension are tested, the practical application effect of oranges and tangerines special fertilizer well can not be described, existing patented product is used for improving yield simultaneously, is improving effect shortcoming in quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to there are provided a kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, formula rationally, easy to use, it meets orangery cultivation mode, according to the soil of citrus orchard, tree body nutrient situation, by the manure trial of continuous community and the checking of special fertilizer extend trial, solve mandarin tree body anniversary root growth, young sprout occurs, bud differentiation, in Fruit Development Process, different times is to the contradiction of nutrient demand, the oranges and tangerines composite fertilizer N P and K proportioning generally used at present is single, unreasonable, lack problem that is organic and trace element, can significantly facilitate oranges and tangerines high yield, improve Quality Parameters in Orange.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method that there are provided a kind of Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, and raw material sources required in production process are extensively easy to get, and the course of processing is comparatively simple; Early investment is relatively less, low, the upper detective of production cost; Production chains is large, and the grade adjustment of product is easily simple; Versatility is comparatively strong, and the raw material of employing is solid, not strong to raw-material support; , because the secondary processing process being to base fertilizer, therefore there is the problem of environmental pollution hardly in environmental friendliness; Be easy to promote and produce, the base fertilizer major part current due to China is granular, therefore, even the factory of composite fertilizer of middle-size and small-size scale can adopt this kind of method to carry out volume production.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up in the weight percent of pure nutrient of following fertilizer material effective element:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up of the weight percent of following raw material:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up (preferable range) of the weight percent of following raw material:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up (good scope) of the weight percent of following raw material:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up (optimum range) of the weight percent of following raw material:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up (optimum value) of the weight percent of following raw material:
A preparation method for Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, the steps include:
A, with monomer base fertilizer: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are raw material;
B, by raw material pulverizing, to certain fineness (80 order), material in the rolling bed of rotary drum granulator (or granulating disc) by humidification, heating carry out agglomeration granulation;
C, in granulation process, in rotary drum granulator (or granulating disc), add pulverous humic acid, magnesium oxide and borax.
D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling (15-30 DEG C) namely obtain containing humic acid and micro-three element compound fertilizer material product.
The method is one of method extensively adopted in the world, and raw material sources required in production process are extensively easy to get, and the course of processing is comparatively simple; Early investment is relatively less, low, the upper detective of production cost; Production chains is large, and the grade adjustment of product is easily simple; Versatility is comparatively strong, and the raw material of employing is solid, not strong to raw-material support; , because the secondary processing process being to base fertilizer, therefore there is problem of environmental pollution hardly in environmental friendliness; Be easy to promote and produce, the base fertilizer major part current due to China is granular, therefore, even the factory of composite fertilizer of middle-size and small-size scale can adopt this kind of method to carry out volume production.
(with reference to the production of the composite fertilizer " with use ", (Cui Yingde compiles production method, Chemical Industry Press, September in 1999 the 2nd edition), " compound fertilizer special formulating of recipe and production " (Li Chunhua, Liang Guoqing are edited, Chemical Industry Press, July calendar year 2001 the 1st edition))
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and positively effect:
Citrus proprietary formula fertilizer of the present invention is more suitable for Nanfeng orange citrus orchard, solves that this area's fertilization type is single, fertilizer ratio is unreasonable, medium trace element lacks and degradation problem under causing the not high and quality of utilization rate of fertilizer.Application the present invention, after continuous 2 years, fruit titratable acid content is reduced to 0.64%, Vc content improves 0.81mg/100g, and solubility solid improves 1.10%, Gu acid is than raising 3.17, pulp pulp hardness reduces by 15.44%, resistance to chewability reduces by 11.79%, and fruit fruit face is bright and clean, has typical orange, mouthfeel slag, fruit marketability is good.Main Economic technical indicator all reaches the standard of country of Kuan Pi oranges and tangerines People's Republic of China (PRC) premium grads.
Embodiment
Present embodiment comprises preparation embodiment and Application Example two parts.Before this citrus proprietary formula of development fertilizer, system investigation and analysis is carried out to Jiangxi Nanfeng County Soils In The Region nutrient situation and weather condition, also finally determined the formula of special fertilizer of the present invention according to Liang Nian community manure trial conclusion and the checking of special fertilizer extend trial.
Embodiment 1:
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up of the weight percent of following raw material:
A preparation method for Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, the steps include:
A, with monomer base fertilizer: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are raw material;
B, by raw material pulverizing, to certain fineness (80 order), material in the rolling bed of rotary drum granulator (or granulating disc) by humidification, heating carry out agglomeration granulation;
C, in granulation process, in rotary drum granulator (or granulating disc), add pulverous humic acid, magnesium oxide and borax.
D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling (15-30 DEG C) namely obtain containing humic acid and micro-three element compound fertilizer material product.
One is applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, and it is made up of the weight percent of following raw material:
| Embodiment | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Urea | 19.47 | 13.03 | 10.69 | 33.47 | 29.29 | 40.76 | 39.22 | 29.29 | 29.29 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 29.27 | 29.27 | 24.39 | 19.51 | 17.07 | 17.07 | 14.63 | 17.07 | 17.07 |
| Potassium sulfate | 24.00 | 18.00 | 32.00 | 11.87 | 22.58 | 10.39 | 19.35 | 22.58 | 22.58 |
| Humic acids | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Magnesium oxide | 0.83 | 0.83 | |||||||
| Borax | 0.5 | ||||||||
| Diatomite | 19.26 | 31.70 | 24.92 | 27.15 | 23.06 | 23.78 | 18.80 | 22.23 | 21.73 |
| Amount to | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
One, citrus orchard basis nutrient situation investigation and analysis:
By the field investigation sampling analysis of the soil to Jiangxi Province's Nanfeng County Orange Land of Nanfeng County, tree body nutrient situation, clearly affect the plant nutrient-limiting factors of orchard fruit yield, quality.
Within 2010, carry out sampling survey analytical data on the spot to Nanfeng orange citrus orchard nutrient situation to see (table 1, table 2).
Soil nutrient measurement result shows, this area's soil pH value is on the low side, belongs to Acid soil, and organic content is generally on the low side; Rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are substantially within normal range, but alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is on the low side; Effective iron content manganese is at high weight range, and Available cupper zinc is basic at optimum range, and the effective magnesium of soil, effective boron content lack.
Plant sample analytical results shows, in the Citrus leaf of this area, nitrogen potassium is slightly biased low, and phosphorus content is substantially all within normal range, and zinc, Boron contents are in level on the low side substantially.In trace element, iron, manganese and copper content belong to normal level, and calcium-magnesium content belongs to shortage scope.
Comprehensively can draw the analysis of Nanfeng orange citrus orchard soil in 2010 and leaf nutrient situation, the soil pH meta-acid in this area's orangery nutrient situation, organic content is low; Tree body phosphorus content is suitable for, and nitrogen potassium is slightly biased low; Trace element aspect iron, manganese, copper content are suitable for, but boron, magnesium are on the low side or lack.For improving this area's citrus orchard nutrient situation, should take to control phosphorus and adjusting nitrogen to increase the measure of potassium, supplementing boron-magnesium nutrition element simultaneously.
Table 12010 year soil investigation sample nutrient content table
Table 22010 year blade investigation sample nutrient content table
The analytical procedure of table 1 and table 2 is with reference to " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " (Bao Shidan edits, Chinese agriculture press, in December, 2000 third edition)
The manure trial of oranges and tangerines community:
In conjunction with variety characteristic and Nanfeng County local climate situation, determine the fertilizing time be suitable for, formulate the community fertilizer efficiency experiment for local Nanfeng orange, tentatively draft the formula range of special formula fertilizer with continuous 2 years (2011-2012 years) results of community manure trial on the spot.Each process 3 repetition in plot experiment, each repetition 6 strain tree.Each test process year rate of fertilizer application is shown in (table 3), and wherein process 8 and process 9, N P and K amount of application is consistent with N1P1K1, and+Mg is for adding 100g/ strain magnesium oxide, and+B is that to add the pure Boron contents of 15g/ strain be the boron fertilizer of 15%.
Plot experiment rate of fertilizer application in each period account for year fertilising ratio be, rudiment fertilizer (late Febuary is to early March), 35% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 65% of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 30%; Steady fruit fertilizer (mid or late June), nitrogenous fertilizer 45%, phosphate fertilizer 35%, potash fertilizer 50%; Fruit picking fertilizer (late October), 20% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20% of potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium be Base-appling once when rudiment is fertile, and fruit sample is sampling analysis when 11 the first tenday period of a month, fruit was mature on the whole, and analysis of experiments data are shown in (table 4-table 8).
Relevant special analysis index calculate formula:
Output amplification=(test process fruit yield-controlled trial process fruit yield) × 100%/controlled trial process fruit yield
Fruit quality index and fruit yield amplification situation in the plot experiment of comprehensive 2 years, show that macroelement process N1P1K1, N2P1K0, N2P1K1 all can ensure that fruit high yield is (because Nanfeng orange has obvious biennial bearing, total effect of increasing production is added up to so just there are 2 years), and the process having added medium trace element Mg and B significantly improves fruit quality.Result of study is indicated: output aspect, N1P1K1, N2P1K0, N2P1K1 two annual output reach 77.90kg/ strain respectively, 84.05kg/ strain, 81.32kg/ strain, reach high yield level.Quality aspect, uses boron, zinc fertilizer can improve fruit Vc, soluble solid, reduces titratable acid content; Outstanding feature significantly reduces pulp pulp hardness and resistance to chewability.Main Economic technical indicator all reaches the standard of Kuan Pi oranges and tangerines People's Republic of China (PRC) country's premium grads or acceptable end product.
Plot experiment result is indicated, Orange Land of Nanfeng County Fertilization Level at N27.26kg/ mu, P
2o
512.51kg/ mu, K
2can obtain higher output during O20.05kg/ mu, after increasing medium trace element magnesium and boron, fruit quality improves a lot, and Main Economic technical indicator all reaches the standard of Kuan Pi oranges and tangerines People's Republic of China (PRC) country's premium grads or acceptable end product.Combining also mandarin tree body nutrient requirement characteristics determination Nanfeng orange special fertilizer formula is thus N:P
2o
5: K
2o=15:7:13, adds humic acids, boron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium simultaneously, amount of application 160 ~ 180kg/ mu or N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:7:15, amount of application 160 ~ 180kg/ mu.
Table 3 community manure trial rate of fertilizer application and test design
Table 42011 year plot experiment fruit texture table
Table 52011 year plot experiment fruit quality index
Table 62012 year plot experiment fruit texture table
Table 72012 year plot experiment fruit quality index
Table 82011-12 plot experiment fruit yield
Two, the specific design of citrus proprietary formula fertilizer:
Applicant is through production test, devise and be applicable to Nanfeng orange quality-improving special formula fertilizer, in fertilizer effective element in the weight percent of the pure nutrient of pure nutrient be: nitrogen 15, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 7, potassium oxide 13, humic acids 8, pure magnesium: 0.5 and borax: 0.5 or nitrogen 13, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 7, potassium oxide 15, humic acids 8.
Table 92012 year Nanfeng orange habits fertilization and demonstration fruit quality of applying fertilizer compare
Special fertilizer Demonstration And Extension tests demonstration area 50 mu, demonstration area 10,000 mu in 2012 in 2011, and Demonstration And Extension test orangery fruit quality is shown in (table 9).Compare with local habits fertilization, demonstration fertilization area fruit titratable acid content is reduced to 0.64%, Vc content improves 0.81mg/100g, and solubility solid improves 1.10%, Gu acid is than raising 3.17, pulp pulp hardness reduces by 15.44%, resistance to chewability reduces by 11.79%, and fruit fruit face is bright and clean, has typical orange, mouthfeel slag, Main Economic technical indicator all reaches the standard of country of Kuan Pi oranges and tangerines People's Republic of China (PRC) premium grads.Illustrate through above-mentioned test, this invention provide can significantly improve its quality for Nanfeng orange special fertilizer.
Claims (4)
1. a Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer, it is made up of the weight percent of following raw material:
2. Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
3. Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
4. Nanfeng orange quality-improving special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
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| CN108059494A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-05-22 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of crystal shaddock fruit retention fertilizer and preparation method and application |
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Effective date of registration: 20221110 Address after: 443113 No. 38, Hanyi Road, yaqueling Town, Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province Patentee after: HUBEI YISHIZHUANG AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Hubei jiamachi Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430070 No. 1 Lion Rock street, Hongshan District, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee before: HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL University |
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