CN101822328A - Low protein ration premix compound for growing pigs and using method thereof - Google Patents
Low protein ration premix compound for growing pigs and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a low protein ration premix compound for growing pigs and a using method thereof. The low protein ration premix compound consists of mountain flour, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, sodium bicarbonate, L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine, L-threonine hydrochloride, L-tryptophan hydrochloride, an antioxidant and the like. The crude protein content of the prepared growing and fattening pig ration is respectively reduced from 16.4 percent to 14.5 percent and from 15.4 percent to 12.5 percent. The invention aims to add commodity amino acid to produce the low protein ration premix compound to enlarge the applicability of the low protein ration technology and improves the conversion efficiency of the ration, reduces the use of the protein raw materials, reduces the feeding cost and reduces discharge by reducing the concentration of the crude protein of the prepared ration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low protein ration premix compound and the using method thereof of a kind of pig that is used to grow, specifically, is a kind of reduction dietary protein concentration, the amino acid whose growth pig premix of fill-ins.
Technical background
China is pig-breeding and consumption big country, and 2007,4.40 hundred million of national live pig livestock on hands were delivered 5.65 hundred million for sale, and 4287.8 ten thousand tons of pork output in the same year, are produced 2,410 ten thousand tons of pig feeds.The fast development of animal husbandry is significantly improved people's living standard for the mankind provide rich in protein food.But, the live pig industry must develop has also brought problem in many ways to people, one, cause environmental pollution, according to measuring and calculating, 1 pig is on average produced fecaluria 2.5t per year, and the environment defecation at least towards periphery every year on average of ten thousand pig farm is 30,000 t just, every day sewer 100~150t, and the ight soil odor pollutant is up to 230 kinds; Its two, cause shortage of resources, China's protein feed resource is in short supply, 70% need be from external import, China was from 3,320 ten thousand tons of external imported soybeans in 2007.For this reason, ensure that the continuing of animal husbandry, healthy development need the feeding manner of a kind of more efficient, saving and environmental protection.
Along with further going deep into and the continuous commercialization of amino acid of animal nutrition research, make low-protein diet become possibility based on " ideal protein " pattern, daily ration preparation progressively by " thick protein " to " total amino acid-can digest amino acid-ideal protein pattern " transition, under the prerequisite that does not influence livestock and poultry production performance, use synthesizing amino acid to regulate the amino acid balance that hangs down under the albumen condition, excessive and the waste that causes of the safety margins of avoiding dietary protein had not only been saved protein resource but also had been reduced the drainage of nitrogen.More and more studies show that: by desirable protein pattern preparation daily ration, feed thick protein (CP) level reduces by 2~3 percentage points, do not influence livestock and poultry ordinary production performance, simultaneously, the nitrogen discharge rate can reduce by 20%~50% (1 percentage point of the every decline of CP level, the burst size of fecaluria ammonia descends 10%~12.5%).
Yet, at present based on the low-protein diet preparation technique of " ideal protein " pattern rest on more conceptual phase (the beam good fortune is wide etc., 2005; Wu Shusong, 2009), reported really to be used for commercial low-protein diet still few in number, Lv Mingbin (2007) has invented " a kind of preparation technique of low-protein diet for fattening pig ", Chen Gang (2007) has proposed " sucking pig low-protein daily food and using method thereof ", and Lie group road (2007) have reported " a kind of prescription of low-protein diet of pregnancy sow ", still, be the complete diet pellet product from the above three kinds of inventions of feed kind, this must cause the limitation of its use.At first, raw materials used proportioning is single, is unfavorable for utilizing China's feedstuff resource widely; Secondly, be not suitable for from the batching mode, the technology that is unfavorable for is promoted.For this reason, it is wide that the present invention has designed a kind of daily ration applicability, premix product and the using method thereof of the store pig that generalization is strong.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: (1) still generally adopts " high protein " feed-formulating technique at the current animal husbandry of China, resource consumption is big, transformation efficiency is low, heavy-polluted characteristics, the present invention is basic engineering low-protein diet (model reference NRC1998) with " desirable amino acid " model, make the complete diet pellet daily ration crude protein content of its preparation, growth pig material reduces to 14.5% by 16.4% of GB regulation, growth pig material reduces to 12.5% by 14.5% of GB regulation, reduce the use of protein raw materials, reduce cost, reduce the N discharging; (2) in the present low-protein diet configuration, the amino acid kind is limited, and how based on total amino acid (promptly with total lysine, total threonine, total methionine, total tryptophan is the basis), but the present invention is with the pig digestible lysine, pig can digest threonine, pig can digest methionine, pig can digest tryptophan, pig can digest isoleucine and pig and can digest valine and be basis preparation low-protein diet, wherein each stage can digest amino acid number and is provided with as follows: the growth pig (but 35~60kg) digestible lysine 0.70~0.85, fattening pig (60kg~deliver for sale) but digestible lysine 0.60~0.75; (3) in the low protein product of majority at present report, only add lysine, threonine and three kinds of commodity amino acid of methionine, make the narrower characteristics of its daily ration type applicability, the present invention is except that above three kinds of commodity amino acid, add the commodity tryptophan, improved the applicability of daily ration type; (4) at China's wide geographic area with the feed characteristics of growth cost pig (35kg~deliver for sale) of middle pig material, in conjunction with nutritional need and the production characteristics of grow pig and fattening pig, and the needs of people's meat matter, the present invention designs the low protein product of a kind of store pig; (5) many at present low-protein diet with the complete diet pellet product form, be not suitable for China widely from preparing burden the user, the present invention designs a kind of premix product of 4% that can generally use.
The invention provides a kind of premix and using method thereof that is used for the preparation of store pig low-protein diet, its key component is as follows by weight:
Raw material proportioning raw material specification
Ca 〉=36%, fluorine<2000ppb, plumbous<
Stone flour 30.0~35.0%
10ppm, cadmium<0.75ppm
P 〉=36%, fluorine<1800ppb, plumbous<
Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 3.0~9.5%
30ppm, cadmium<2ppm
Salt 7.5~12.0%-
Sodium bicarbonate 2.0~5.0%-
L lysine HCL 8.0~12.0% lysines 〉=78.8%
DL-methionine 0.5~2.0% DL-methionine 〉=98.0%
L-threonine hydrochloride 3.0~6.0% L-threonine 〉=98.0%
L-tryptophan hydrochloride 0.2~0.8% L-tryptophan 〉=98.0%
Vitamin(e) supplement 0.5~1.0%-
Trace mineral supplement 4.0~6.0%-
Medicated premix 0.5~1.5% drug use meets agriculture and animal husbandry and sends out bulletin [2001] No. 20
Choline Chloride 0.5~2.0% choline 〉=50.0%
Main enzyme work comprises 1,4 beta-glucanase, zytase, fibre
Complex enzyme formulation 0.3~1.0%
Tie up plain enzyme, mannase and protease etc.
Phytase 0.5~1.5% enzyme work 〉=5000IU/kg
Sweetener 0.5~1.5% relative sweetness 〉=100
Antioxidant 0.5~2.0%-
The some heavy metals of carrier meet the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State
Wherein, vitamin(e) supplement contains VA 100~200KIU/kg, VD 20~38KIU/kg, VE 250~400KIU/kg, VK
320~50KIU/kg, VB
1〉=25mg/kg, VB
2〉=100mg/kg, VB
6〉=50mg/kg, VB
12〉=0.65mg/kg, nicotinic acid 〉=500mg/kg, pantothenic acid 〉=300mg/kg, nicotinic acid 〉=12mg/kg, biotin 〉=1.3mg/kg; Trace mineral supplement cupric 0.5~0.85g/kg, iron 2.5~5.2g/kg, zinc 1.8~3.7g/kg, manganese 0.9~3.7g/kg, iodine 10~30mg/kg, selenium 6~12.5mg/kg, wherein the zinc element adopts bag to be originated by inorganic zinc or organic zinc source (zinc-amino acid chelate), and the selenium element uses organic selenium source (yeast selenium).
The above-mentioned 4% low preferable weight portion of each component of albumen premix is:
Raw material proportioning raw material proportioning
Stone flour 33.0% vitamin(e) supplement 0.7%
Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 5.0% trace mineral supplement 5.0%
Salt 10.5% medicated premix 1.5%
Sodium bicarbonate 3.5% Choline Chloride 1.0%
L lysine HCL 9.5% complex enzyme formulation 0.5%
DL-methionine 1.0% phytase 1.0%
L-threonine hydrochloride 4.0% sweetener 0.7%
L-tryptophan hydrochloride 0.5% antioxidant 1.0%
Carrier 22.1%
Using method to this pre-mixing agent describes below:
Below recommend using method, respectively at China's feed resource characteristics, as southern paddy rice byproduct, the wheat byproduct in the north, the live pig fattening pig provides corn-dregs of beans type, corn-rice bran-dregs of beans type, corn-inferior powder-3 kinds of methods of dregs of beans type respectively, and other schemes still can be adjusted according to local feedstuff resource in good time.
Using method is recommended in table one, the preparation of growth pig complete diet pellet
Raw material | Prescription 1 | Prescription 2 | Prescription 3 | Raw material specification |
Corn | ??68.5 | ??60.5 | ??55.5 | CP 〉=8.0, moisture≤14.0, aflatoxin<50ppb |
Inferior powder | ??- | ??- | ??20.0 | Urease activity<0.4 |
Wheat bran | ??12.0 | ??5.5 | ??8.0 | CP 〉=16.0, moisture≤12.0 |
Rice bran | ??- | ??15.0 | ??- | CP 〉=13.0, moisture≤14.0 |
Big dregs of beans | ??15.5 | ??13.0 | ??10.5 | CP 〉=430, moisture≤13.0 |
The cottonseed dregs of rice/rapeseed dregs | ??- | ??2.0 | ??- | ??- |
Premix | ??4.0 | ??4.0 | ??4.0 | - |
Add up to | ??100 | ??100 | ??100 | - |
Using method is recommended in table two, the preparation of fattening pig complete diet pellet
Raw material | Prescription 1 | Prescription 2 | Prescription 3 | Raw material specification |
Corn | ??74.0 | ??63.0 | ??63.0 | CP 〉=80, moisture≤140, aflatoxin<50ppb |
Inferior powder | ??- | ??- | ??15.0 | CP 〉=15.0, moisture≤13.0 |
Wheat bran | ??12.5 | ??5.0 | ??10.5 | CP 〉=16.0, moisture≤12.0 |
Rice bran | ??- | ??20.0 | ??- | CP 〉=13.0, moisture≤14.0 |
Big dregs of beans | ??10.0 | ??6.5 | ??8.0 | CP 〉=43.0, moisture≤13.0, urease activity<0.4 |
The cottonseed dregs of rice/rapeseed dregs | ??- | ??2.0 | ??- | ??- |
Premix | ??3.5 | ??3.5 | ??3.5 | ??- |
Add up to | ??100 | ??100 | ??100 | ??- |
Further specify the present invention below in an embodiment.
The test of embodiment 1 low-protein diet growth performance
1, daily ration and daily management
The experimental group daily ration adopts desirable amino acid pattern preparation, and protein level is respectively: growth pig 14.5%, fattening pig 12.5%, the prescription 1 in scheme such as table one and the table two; Control group is prepared daily ration according to GB, and the crude protein level is respectively: growth pig 16.4%, and fattening pig 14.5%, other nutritive indexs are not less than experimental group.Test pig adopts group feeding, free choice feeding and drinking-water, and every day, 08:00 and 16:0O respectively fed 1 time.
2, experimental design
Choose 160 of Da Bai galts about 40kg, each 80 of test group and control groups, 4 every group repetitions (circle), each repeats 10 pigs.In the raising stage, the grow-finish swine rearing stage is 35~60kg, 60kg~listing.Test prerun or the phase 3~5d that reloads reach about 100kg to the pig body weight and to finish, and test the growth performance of each swinery respectively in stage.
3, index determining
After raising the experiment end of end and stage in advance, respectively enclose the pig gross weight, calculate the daily gain in each stage, average daily feed consumption and feedstuff-meat ratio respectively at taking by weighing before raising morning.
4, result of the test
Initial counterpoise (kg/ head) | End counterpoise (kg/ head) | Average daily weightening finish (g/ head) | Average daily feed consumption (kg/ head) | Feedstuff-meat ratio | |
Experimental group (growth pig) | ??42.2±2.3 | ??63.5±1.6 | ??739±23 | ??1.99±0.31 | ??2.69 |
Control group (growth pig) | ??42.1±1.3 | ??62.7±2.6 | ??731±36 | ??2.05±0.27 | ??2.80 |
Experimental group (fattening pig) | ??69.8±4.1 | ??92.7±3.2 | ??845±13 | ??2.67±0.25 | ??3.15 |
Control group (fattening pig) | ??69.7±2.4 | ??91.5±1.6 | ??831±36 | ??2.73±0.14 | ??3.32 |
The detection of embodiment 2 low-protein diet animal house ammonias and hydrogen sulfide
1, experimental program
Except that experimental group and contrast component stall-feed, other experimental programs are with embodiment 1.
2, index determining
Pig house ammonia (NH
3), hydrogen sulfide (H
2S).Utilize GS-3 type air sampler to gather NH after the full phase test
3And H
2S gas sample adopts volumetric analysis, iodimetry to survey NH respectively
3Mass concentration and H
2The S mass concentration.
3, experimental result
??NH 3(mg/m 3) | ??H 2S(mg/m 3) | |
Experimental group | ??25.2±1.6 | ??30.7±1.4 |
Control group | ??19.7±1.4 | ??29.0±1.6 |
Claims (7)
1. one kind is used for the store pig low protein ration premix compound, it is characterized in that, its key component is by weight: stone flour 30.0~35.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 3.0~9.5%, salt 7.5~12.0%, sodium bicarbonate 2.0~5.0%, L lysine HCL 8.0~12.0%, DL-methionine 0.5~2.0%, L-threonine hydrochloride 3.0~6.0%, L-tryptophan hydrochloride 0.2~0.8%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.5~1.0%, trace mineral supplement 4.0~6.0%, medicated premix 0.5~1.5%, Choline Chloride 0.5~2.0%, complex enzyme formulation 0.3~1.0%, phytase 0.5~1.5%, sweetener 0.5~1.5%, antioxidant 0.5~2.0%, carrier is some.
2. according to claim 1, wherein said growth pig low protein ration premix compound is characterized in that its key component is by weight: stone flour 33.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 5.0%, salt 10.5%, sodium bicarbonate 3.5%, L lysine HCL 9.5%, DL-methionine 1.0%, L-threonine hydrochloride 4.0%, L-bag propylhomoserin hydrochloride 0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.7%, trace mineral supplement 5.0%, medicated premix 1.5%, Choline Chloride 1.0%, complex enzyme formulation 0.5%, phytase 1.0%, sweetener 0.7%, antioxidant 1.0%, carrier 22.1%.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 described low-protein diet pre-mixing agents, it is characterized in that, it is according to the digested amino acid design based on desirable amino acid pattern, the growth pig (but 35~60kg) digestible lysine 0.70~0.85, fattening pig (60kg~deliver for sale) but digestible lysine 0.60~0.75.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 described low-protein diet pre-mixing agents, it is characterized in that, be applicable to all kinds of feedstuff resources, after growth pig and fattening pig were mixed with daily ration by a certain percentage in 4% and 3.5% ratio and corn, dregs of beans, inferior powder, wheat bran, rice bran, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice respectively, the daily ration crude protein can be reduced to 14.5% and 15.4% by 16.4% respectively and be reduced to 12.5%.
5. according to claim 1 and claim 2 described vitamin(e) supplements, it is characterized in that, contain VA 100~200KIU/kg, VD 20~38KIU/kg, VE 250~400KIU/kg, VK
320~50KIU/kg, V B
1〉=25mg/kg, V B
2〉=100mg/kg, V B
6〉=50mg/kg, V B
12〉=0.65mg/kg, nicotinic acid 〉=500mg/kg, pantothenic acid 〉=300mg/kg, nicotinic acid 〉=12mg/kg, biotin 〉=1.3mg/kg.
6. according to claim 1 and claim 2 described trace mineral supplements, it is characterized in that cupric 0.5~0.85g/kg, iron 2.5~5.2g/kg, zinc 1.8~3.7g/kg, manganese 0.9~3.7g/kg, iodine 10~30mg/kg, selenium 6~12.5mg/kg.
7. zinc according to claim 4 and selenium element is characterized in that, the zinc element adopts bag to be originated by inorganic zinc or organic zinc source (zinc-amino acid chelate), and the selenium element uses organic selenium source (yeast selenium).
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