CN101815778B - 长期稳定的油-ptfe-分散体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
长期稳定的油-ptfe-分散体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及化学领域,并且涉及长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体及其制备方法,所述油-PTFE-分散体例如可用于例如变速器或轴承中。因此,本发明的任务是提供长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体及其简单而成本低廉的制备方法。通过由PTFE颗粒与单烯属或多烯属不饱和的油组成的油-PTFE-分散体来解决所述任务,其中,烯属不饱和油的分子通过自由基反应通过共价/化学的方式偶联在PTFE(初始)颗粒表面上,并且其中,在PTFE颗粒表面与偶联的油分子之间存在持久的电荷分离,并且PTFE颗粒在油或油混合物中存在精细的分散。另外,所述任务通过如下方法来解决,在所述方法中,将以稳定的全氟(过氧)自由基改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物与烯属不饱和油混合在一起,并且接着使所述改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物经受机械应力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机械制造领域和化学领域,并且涉及长期稳定的油-聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)-分散体及其制备方法,所述油-PTFE-分散体可用于例如在滑动摩擦和磨损方面具有摩擦需求的运动部件中,例如用于变速器或轴承中。
背景技术
油-PTFE-分散体已被多次介绍。在使用或不使用添加剂的情况下,PTFE在油中的分散体在短时间内发生PTFE的沉淀,该沉淀则大多难于搅开/再分散。
然而,大量出版物仅致力于研究分散体的组成或者用于使分散体更好地稳定化的特定添加剂的应用,其中,并未对分散体稳定性给予普遍重视。
由FR 2857373 A1公知的是在用于家用和车间用的分散体中的含有PTFE的矿物油,这种矿物油具有80至97(优选95至97)质量%的矿物油和0.5至1.5(优选约为1)质量%的亚微米级PTFE,以及香料添加物和染料添加物。
同样公知的是:根据M.G.Ivanov等的Ural.Gos.Tekh.Univ.UPI,Yekaterinburg,Russia.Trenie i Iznos(2004),25(1),S.99-103对于由油、PTFE和超分散的钻石组成的润滑剂在钢与钢的摩擦副中的摩擦性能的研究。
另外,根据JP 2003113390 A公知的是:在≤40°条件下,在高压均质器中,将PTFE粉末(平均颗粒直径为7微米)分散在基体润滑油中的方法,然后在球磨机中将平均颗粒尺寸减小为≤1微米,以制备用于柴油发动机-曲轴壳体的润滑油添加剂。
所述出版物没有提供关于分散体稳定性的信息。
另外,根据JP 11021577 A公知的是一种润滑剂,这种润滑剂由基体油(1)(选自植物油、动物脂肪、矿物油、酯油、混合油或改性油)和PTFE粉末(2)组成,在高级脂肪酸的多价金属盐(其溶解于基体油)存在的情况下,所述PTFE粉末分散在基体油中。
同样地,根据US 5846447 A公知的是在有机的载体流体(特别是润滑油)中形成PTFE分散体的方法,在该方法中,(1)在大气氧和水存在的情况下,使用≥4毫拉德(Mrad)的电子辐射或伽马辐射对直径<1微米(优选<0.25微米)的PTFE颗粒进行处理,(2)将辐射的颗粒与润滑油和≥1种分散剂/至少一种分散剂混合,以及(3)在≥1000磅/平方英寸(psi)的压强下,通过液体-喷嘴相互作用室中的多个喷嘴进行混合以使得PTFE颗粒不结块并且稳定化。要指出的是,所述方法形成稳定均一的PTFE分散体,并且避免向润滑油中引入不期望的水。
另外,根据US 5744539 A公知的是一种PTFE分散体,其基本上由润滑油中精细分布的PTFE颗粒与聚合物分散剂的稳定分散体组成,在这种PTFE分散体中,所述分散体基本没有PTFE沉淀。
根据PL 168489 B1介绍了一种制备PTFE悬浮液的方法,所述悬浮液用作润滑剂和液压油用的添加剂。将16重量%的水性PTFE悬浮液(包含PTFE 60、全氟辛酸铵0.02、非离子表面活性剂0.02等)添加至润滑油和液压液体中。在另外的制备方法中,还向油混合物中添加0.2至4重量%的分散剂,0.3至4重量%的表面活性剂和20重量%的增稠剂(Verdicker)。
根据NL 9300742 A公知的是一种基于固体树脂(特氟隆(Teflon)/PTFE)的润滑剂,所述固体树脂在润滑剂中分散在载体中。所述载体物质是硅油,所述分散过程在分散剂存在的情况下进行。
另外,由DE 36 42 617 C1公知的是一种制备PTFE-分散体的方法,该方法在于作为润滑油的油或其添加剂,在非离子表面活性剂(抗静电剂)存在的情况下,将PTFE以粉末状或作为水性分散体混合在作为润滑油的油或其添加剂中。
根据DD 25 19 88 A1公知的是一种含有PTFE的润滑剂,该润滑剂含有聚氟羧酸和聚氟羧酸酯作为分散剂,所述分散剂使颗粒尺寸为0.1至0.5微米的分散的PTFE粉末的稳定性得以改善。
H.Driescher等的Schmierungstechnik(1984),15(7),199-202介绍了用于高真空中应用的精密润滑油的有效寿命,其中使用了精细油,所述精细油包含PTFE精细粉末和用于使PTFE分散体稳定化而包含全氟烯基-烷基-醚-分散剂。
根据US 3,933,656 A公知的是一种具有界面性能及降低的排放的、具有氟碳添加剂的润滑油,其中300立方厘米的亚微米级尺寸的PTFE[9002-84-0]粉末和30立方厘米的Silan A 1100[919-30-2]分散在相同量的机油中。
由所有上述出版物公知的是,通常通过添加添加剂才能达到或提高一定的分散稳定性。
另外,根据RU 2212418 C1公知的是由超细PTFE组成的分散体,这种分散体通过PTFE在480至540℃下在含氧化合物存在的情况下热分解制得,所述含氧化合物在热力学上在气态分解产物的气氛下适于PTFE的氧化。将来自分解工艺的分解/降解产物冷却,并且在穿过矿物油导送时冷凝,由此形成PTFE分散体(12.9克干燥PTFE,具有1.7%的氧含量)。所形成的超细PTFE是亲液的,并且在不添加稳定剂或活性剂的情况下形成稳定的分散体。
在此,所介绍的PTFE的气态的氧化的分解产物实际上不再是PTFE,因为该分解产物不再全面具有PTFE的有利性能。
另外,根据US 4,465,607 A公知的是含有PTFE的润滑剂组成,其中,通过超声波搅拌/处理,使具有1至200微米的颗粒尺寸的PTFE在基体润滑油中形成稳定分散体。
对于长期稳定性并未有描述。
由S.Palios等的Tribology Series(1996),141-152.出版商:Elsevier,研究了在滚动接触/滑动接触中,PTFE悬浮液(PTFE在润滑油中)依赖于PTFE颗粒尺寸的表现。较大的PTFE颗粒似乎降低了摩擦和磨损。并未说明的是,颗粒是否强力地附着在摩擦侧上并形成持久的涂层。非常小的PTFE颗粒在成套配方的油中似乎对降低摩擦和降低磨损未做出没有可测量到的贡献。
已由DE 103 51 812 A1、DE 103 51 813 A1和DE 10 2004 016 876A1公知的是,PTFE纳米/微米粉末颗粒与烯属不饱和单体/化合物的反应性偶联/以烯属不饱和单体/化合物对PTFE纳米/微米粉末颗粒进行表面改性的原理。
公知的解决方案的缺点在于:未公知长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务在于给出长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,及这种长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体简单而成本低廉的制备方法。
通过权利要求中说明的本发明来解决所述任务,优选的具体实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体由PTFE颗粒和至少一种单烯属或多烯属的不饱和的油或油混合物组成,其中,烯属不饱和的油的分子或者油混合物的烯属不饱和部分的分子通过自由基反应在PTFE(初始)颗粒表面上进行共价偶联/化学偶联,并且其中,在PTFE颗粒表面与偶联的油分子之间存在持久的电荷分离,并且PTFE颗粒在油或油混合物中存在精细的分散。
优选地,所述油或油混合物主要或完全由烯属不饱和油或油组分组成。
同样优选的是,在油-PTFE-分散体中存在浓缩至90质量%或稀释至0.1质量%的以油改性的PTFE,还优选浓缩至60质量%或稀释至1.0质量%的以油改性的PTFE,或者浓缩至30质量或稀释至3.0质量%的以油改性的PTFE,其中优选地,所述稀释的油-PTFE-分散体以利用与油-PTFE-分散体相同的油或油混合物来稀释的方式存在,或者所述稀释的油-PTFE-分散体以利用不同于所使用的油-PTFE-分散体的、但是可与该油-PTFE-分散体混合的油或油混合物来稀释的方式存在。
另外,PTFE颗粒(表面)与偶联的油分子之间持久的电荷分离具有如此的数量级,使得分散的PTFE颗粒发生排斥。
并且同样有选的是,所述持久的电荷分离在PTFE颗粒表面与偶联的油分子之间的电荷差具有至少一个数量级。
同样优选的是,所述PTFE颗粒基本上作为初始颗粒存在于分散体中。
在用于制备长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体的根据本发明的方法中,将以稳定的全氟(过氧)自由基改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物与至少一种烯属不饱和的油或油混合物混合在一起,所述油混合物具有至少一种烯属不饱和油组分,并且接着使所述改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物经受机械应力,由此,使得所使用的改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物不结块并精细分散。
优选地,将以辐射化学或等离子体化学方式处理的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物或者具有源自聚合工艺的全氟(过氧)自由基中心的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物用作改性的PTFE(乳剂)聚合物,其中,还优选在氧的作用下对PTFE(乳剂)聚合物进行辐射化学处理。
同样优选的是,使用如下物质作为油或油混合物,所述物质主要或完全由烯属不饱和油或油组分组成。
另外优选在分散装置中进行混合。
同样优选施加剪切应力作为机械应力。
同样有利的是,通过超声波处理,通过Ultraturrax型搅拌器,通过齿盘搅拌器或者通过对混合物进行雾化或者分散方法与分散装置的组合来施加机械应力。
同样有利的是,添加分散助剂和一种或多种分散稳定剂。
在根据本发明的油-PTFE-分散体中,单烯属或多烯属不饱和的油或油混合物的分子通过自由基反应以共价/化学的方式偶联到PTFE颗粒表面。在此,必须通过机械应力变回为PTFE初始颗粒,并且在自由基反应时必须阻止PTFE颗粒的结块。通过PTFE颗粒的结块松解以及油分子在PTFE颗粒表面上的化学偶联,同时在PTFE颗粒与油分子之间形成持久的电荷分离,这有助于改善分散体的稳定性并且产生根据本发明形成长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体。
在此,在本发明的范围内,所述长期稳定性是指,在数小时至数天或者直至数月甚至直至数年之内,所述油-PTFE-分散体不出现显著的分离。
另外,根据本发明,可以部分甚至完全取消分散助剂和分散稳定剂的添加。
同样地,可以通过烯属双键的加氢来对所述油-PTFE-分散体中的不饱和油或油组分进行再处理。
本发明与现有技术的不同之处在于,迄今为止,未能制备出长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,这是因为迄今为止尚未公知或实现油分子与PTFE颗粒以共价/化学的方式进行偶联/接枝。
根据公知内容,油不是单体,因为针对聚合物化学而言,烯属不饱和油的烯丙基双键不能以自由基或离子的形式发生聚合,也就是说,不能通过链式反应形成聚合物,并且起到抑止/中断聚合的作用。与PTFE和单体进行公知的偶联/接枝相对地,PTFE不能与油发生接枝共聚。
因此,由如下所述出发:基于烯属不饱和油的长期公知的反应机制,PTFE颗粒与烯属不饱和油之间完全不发生反应。
然而,令人惊讶却是,通过使用改性的PTFE聚合物(优选为具有稳定的全氟(过氧)自由基的PTFE乳剂聚合物)发生自由基反应,该自由基反应在与机械应力相互结合下进行,以将PTFE结块松解为PTFE初始颗粒,并且由此在油分子与PTFE颗粒表面之间进行共价/化学偶联。
另外,通过PTFE颗粒的机械应力明显地在偶联的油分子与PTFE颗粒表面之间达到明确而持久的电荷分离,通过电荷分离一方面使得没有其他的油分子和/或PTFE颗粒吸附到PTFE颗粒表面上,并且同时使得已偶联的油分子与PTFE颗粒表面发生进一步的偶联。由此,通过偶联的油分子并且通过静电排斥实际上使得各个PTFE颗粒与其它PTFE颗粒相互保持远离,并且不可能产生结块或仅产生少量的结块。
公知的是,具有稳定的全氟(过氧)自由基的PTFE可以与烯属不饱和化合物发生反应,所述烯属不饱和化合物例如是单体、大分子单体、低聚物和聚合物。由此,达到对PTFE(微米/纳米)颗粒直接进行表面改性。在根据本发明使用特别以等离子体改性和/或辐射改性的、具有稳定全氟(过氧)自由基的PTFE乳剂聚合物(该PTFE乳剂聚合物由微米颗粒和/或纳米颗粒组成)时,在与烯属不饱和油的转变中,通过使用机械应力令人惊讶地发现:形成了非常精细分散的、长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,该油-PTFE-分散体即便在以不饱和油和/或饱和油稀释时,或者在对烯属不饱和双键(随后)进行加氢之后,所述油-PTFE-分散体也没有沉淀现象。这种现象归因于在机械应力下的分散过程中油-PTFE-分散体颗粒的静电加载以及电荷分离。其他不相容的组分(PTFE颗粒)与偶联在PTFE颗粒表面上的油分子之间的电荷分离是令人惊讶的,并且是油-PTFE-润滑剂体系中长期分散的原因。
对于PTFE在作为分散装置的Ultraturrax型搅拌器的剪切缝隙中的分散具有决定意义的是:剪切梯度和颗粒在剪切场(Schersfeld)或剪切缝隙(Scherspalt)中的停留时间。使用所述Ultraturrax型搅拌器可以向油或油混合物中的PTFE颗粒施加根据本发明的机械应力。通过在径向通过PTFE颗粒时较大的加速力,油中的PTFE颗粒由非常强的剪切力和推力施加负荷。在转子与定子之间的剪切缝隙中出现额外的湍流(Turbolenz),所述湍流导致PTFE在油中最佳的分散和分布。从产物中由剪切梯度和停留时间获得分散系数。对于转子-定子系统的圆周速度而言,最佳的分散范围处于10至24米/秒的范围内,其中,在该范围之外,依赖于时间,仍然获得非常好的结果。
在该最佳的范围中,几分钟的处理时间大多是足够的。
向PTEF颗粒施加机械应力的另一可行性是将油-PTFE-混合物喷雾到硬衬垫上。当油-PTFE-颗粒混合物以较高的速度(从圆形或狭缝式)喷嘴或环形缝隙中挤出/喷出并到达挡板/衬垫上时,获得精细分布的稳定的油-PTFE-分散体。有利的是,所述混合物在>25℃并且优选为>60℃的温度下进行喷射。
在以较高压强导送油-PTFE-混合物穿过筛或多重布置的筛/筛组件(Siebpaket)[筛孔尺寸<50微米、优选<25微米的筛(筛盘),具有相同或可变筛孔尺寸的布置方案]和/或穿过烧结金属筛或多个烧结金属盘/烧结金属过滤筛和/或穿过相应的已剪切的混合结块/静态混合机时,达到类似的效果。
用于分散的另一非常好的方法是通过超声波来处理油-PTFE-混合物。有利的是,混合物(尽可能循环运行)直接在超声波探头处被引导经过/导送经过,并因此在超声波场中进行分散。
对于一定的PTFE纳米粉末或微米粉末,优选这种以较高辐射剂量(Bestrahlungsdose)的改性的PTFE粉末(例如以>100千戈瑞(kGy)处理的PTFE纳米粉末和以>250kGy处理的PTFE微米粉末),也可以使用齿盘搅拌器(例如Dispermat型的齿盘搅拌器)来有效地施加机械应力。剪切效果对于制备稳定分散剂来说是足够的。
本发明显著的优点是油-PTFE-分散体作为特定润滑剂体系的长期稳定性。在不含添加剂/添加物,并且没有用于对在以油润滑的力传递设备中沉淀的PTFE进行再分散的辅助设备的情况下,所述油-PTFE-润滑剂体系还是稳定的。首先,当缓慢结块时,所述体系发挥有利的作用。当通过挤压结块组分的压强将油从缝隙中挤出,并且所述组分或多或少地相互直接接触时,则由此发生/产生增高的摩擦,这导致了(a)由摩擦引起的能量损失并且导致了(b)增高的磨损。在所述条件下,该长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体虽然保证对缝隙中的油进行挤压,但是具有特别抗粘合性能的PTFE作为摩擦缝隙中有利地作为固体润滑物质的油-PTFE-分散体中的固体润滑物质组分起到作用,并且不仅降低摩擦系数还降低磨损。在氧存在的情况下通过改性在PTFE中生成的(羰基氟和/或羧酸)基团在压强/压力作用下,在组分表面之间有利地起到有助于粘着的作用,从而形成进行粘着的、有助于滑动摩擦的PTFE膜,所述PTFE膜在没有所述这些官能团的情况下以不固定的方式存在并易于分离。
所述优点可以同样在将所述油-PTFE-分散体加工成脂并且随后在使用该酯的过程中是有利的,这是因为PTFE于是在脂中不易结块以及易于成胶状。
公知的是,烯属不饱和油易于树脂化。这在技术应用中是不利的。因此,根据本发明的解决方案的其他有利的变动方案在于,在PTFE(乳剂)聚合物与烯属不饱和油反应性转变之后,(a)用饱和/非树脂化的油对浓缩的油-PTFE-分散体进行稀释,或(b)将以油分子改性/接枝的PTFE颗粒从分散体中分离出来,并移入饱和/非树脂化的油中并在该体系中再分散。所述以油接枝的PTFE产物保持获得分散稳定性的有利性能,并且因此也可移入其他(基体)油体系中,并且最终不局限于PTFE与烯属不饱和油之间在其中进行反应性偶联的油。
所述长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体主要在机械制造领域中以及特别是具有关于摩擦和磨损的摩擦需求的移动部件中有所需要,例如在变速器(控制变速器、用于传递力的变速器)、轴承(球轴承、滚动体轴承、滑动轴承以及流体静力滑动轴承以及流体动力滑动轴承)、活塞式发动机等中有所需要。另外,将所述分散体有利地再加工成脂,所述脂具有如下性能:PTFE不再结块和分相。长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体在数周之后以及在稀释时也不出现沉淀现象。
因此,在没有额外的(分散辅助)试剂或额外的再分散装置的情况下,PTFE在润滑剂体系中保持获得活性。
具体实施方式
下面,在多个具体实施例中对本发明进行详细阐述。
对照例1
在具有纯氮通气件/气体输送件、超声波搅拌器和带有本生阀(Bunsenventil)的短的回流冷凝器的250毫升三颈烧瓶中预加135克酯油(Priolube:无烯属不饱和双键/完全饱和)并且在氮气吹洗下搅拌30分钟。然后加入15克PTFE乳剂聚合物(该PTFE乳剂聚合物已在氧存在的情况下以500kGy进行电子辐射),在搅拌下加热至100℃并且在100℃下强力搅拌2小时,然后在150℃下再强力搅拌2小时。将分散体在不搅拌的情况下进行冷却。在冷却时PTFE已经相当迅速地沉淀,并且分离进入澄清的处于上方的油相中以及沉淀的PTFE中。
纯净的Priolube油具有29Mpa的润滑能力值(Brugger-Wert),而在澄清的处于上方的油相中的油的Brugger值仅稍微升高至33Mpa。
实施例1
与比较例1相类似地,在具有纯氮通气件/气体输送件、Ultraturrax型搅拌器以及带本生阀的短的回流冷凝器的250毫升三颈烧瓶中预加135克具有烯属不饱和双键的酯油(Synative:具有烯属不饱和双键)并且在氮气吹洗下搅拌30分钟。然后加入15克由PTFE纳米颗粒组成的PTFE乳剂聚合物(该PTFE乳剂聚合物在氧存在的情况下以300kGy进行电子辐射,具备60至80纳米的PTFE初始颗粒尺寸),在搅拌下加热至100℃并且在100℃强力搅拌2小时,并且在140℃再强力搅拌2小时。将分散体在不搅拌的情况下进行冷却。
冷却之后形成该长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,这种油-PTFE-分散体在8周之后也不产生沉淀现象,也就是说,PTFE不发生沉积。同样地,即便将10质量%的改性的PTFE纳米颗粒稀释至3质量%时,也没有观察到沉淀。
纯净的Synative油具有26Mpa的Brugger值,而具有10质量%的改性的PTFE纳米颗粒的油的Brugger值升高至160MPa,并且仅具有3质量%的改性的PTFE纳米颗粒的油的Brugger值也升高至68MPa。
实施例2
与比较例1相类似地,在具有纯氮通气件/气体输送件、Ultraturrax型搅拌器以及带有本生阀的短的回流冷凝器的250毫升三颈烧瓶中预加120克不饱和的酯油(Synative:具有烯属不饱和双键)并且在氮气吹洗下搅拌30分钟。然后加入30克由PTFE微米颗粒组成的PTFE乳剂聚合物,(该PTFE乳剂聚合物在氧存在的情况下以500kGy进行电子辐射,具备200纳米的PTFE初始颗粒尺寸),在搅拌下加热至100℃并且在100℃强力搅拌1小时,并且在150℃再强力搅拌1小时。将分散体在不搅拌的情况下进行冷却。
冷却之后形成长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,这种油-PTFE-分散体在10周之后也不产生沉淀现象,也就是说,PTFE不发生沉积。同样地,当将20质量%的改性的PTFE微米颗粒稀释至2.5质量%时也没有观察到沉淀。
纯净的Synative油具有26Mpa的Brugger值,具有20质量%的改性的PTFE微米颗粒的油的Brugger值升高至210MPa,并且仅具有2.5质量%的改性的PTFE微米颗粒的油的Brugger值也升高至96MPa。
Claims (17)
1.长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,所述油-PTFE-分散体由PTFE颗粒和至少一种单烯属或多烯属不饱和的油或油混合物组成,其中,所述烯属不饱和油的分子或者油混合物的烯属不饱和部分的分子通过自由基反应以共价/化学的方式偶联在PTFE初始颗粒表面上,并且在所述PTFE颗粒表面与所述偶联的油分子之间存在持久的电荷分离,并且所述PTFE颗粒在所述油或油混合物中存在精细的分散。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,所述油或油混合物主要或完全由烯属不饱和油或油组分组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,在所述油-PTFE-分散体中存在浓缩至90质量%或稀释至0.1质量%的、以油改性的PTFE。
4.根据权利要求3所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,在所述油-PTFE-分散体中存在浓缩至60质量%或稀释至1.0质量%的以油改性的PTFE。
5.根据权利要求3所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,在所述油-PTFE-分散体中存在浓缩至30质量%或稀释至3.0质量%的以油改性的PTFE。
6.根据权利要求3所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,所述稀释的油-PTFE-分散体以用与所述油-PTFE-分散体相同的油或油混合物来稀释的方式存在。
7.根据权利要求3所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,所述稀释的油-PTFE-分散体以用不同于所使用的所述油-PTFE-分散体的、但能与所述油-PTFE-分散体相混合的油或油混合物来稀释的方式存在。
8.根据权利要求1所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,在所述PTFE颗粒表面与所述偶联的油分子之间持久的电荷分离具有如此的数量级,使得分散的PTFE颗粒相互排斥。
9.根据权利要求1所述的长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体,其中,所述PTFE颗粒作为初始颗粒存在于所述分散体中。
10.用于制备长期稳定的油-PTFE-分散体的方法,其中,以稳定的全氟过氧自由基改性的PTFE乳剂聚合物与至少一种烯属不饱和的油或油混合物混合在一起,所述油混合物至少具有烯属不饱和油组分,并且接着使所述改性的PTFE乳剂聚合物经受机械应力,由此,所使用的所述改性的PTFE乳剂聚合物不发生结块并精细分散。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,使用以辐射化学或等离子体化学方式处理的PTFE乳剂聚合物或者具有源自聚合工艺的全氟过氧自由基中心的PTFE乳剂聚合物作为改性的PTFE乳剂聚合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,在氧的作用下对所述PTFE乳剂聚合物进行辐射化学处理。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,使用主要或完全由烯属不饱和油或油组分组成的物质作为油或油混合物。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在分散装置中进行混合。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,施加剪切应力作为机械应力。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,通过超声波处理,通过Ultraturrax型搅拌器,通过齿盘搅拌器或者通过将混合物进行喷雾或者分散方法与分散装置的组合来施加机械应力。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,添加分散助剂和一种或多种分散稳定剂。
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JP5232755B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-07-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 鍛造成型加工用潤滑油組成物および鍛造成型装置 |
US8905627B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-12-09 | Jerry W. Noles, Jr. | Polymer blending system |
DE102011083076A1 (de) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler Öl-PTFE-Dispersionen |
DE102012200684A1 (de) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-18 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Arylphosphat-PTFE-Dispersion und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE102013216648A1 (de) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Silikonöl-ptfe-dispersionen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und verwendung |
DE102013216652A1 (de) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Oberflächen mit öl-ptfe-schmierstoff und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
KR102387084B1 (ko) | 2014-04-02 | 2022-04-15 | 미쓰비시 엔피쯔 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌의 유성 용제계 분산체 |
DE102014225670A1 (de) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Öl-modifizierte ptfe-festschmierstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
DE102014225671A1 (de) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Öl-modifizierte PTFE-Festschmierstoffe und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102014225672A1 (de) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Modifizierte PTFE-Festschmierstoffe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung |
CN105837839B (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2021-02-02 | 三菱铅笔株式会社 | 聚四氟乙烯的油性溶剂系分散体以及含聚四氟乙烯的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物 |
CN107429028B (zh) | 2015-04-01 | 2020-06-23 | 三菱铅笔株式会社 | 含氟系树脂的非水系分散体、包含其的产品和它们的制造方法 |
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DE102017210656A1 (de) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Modifizierte kunststoff-oberflächen mit perfluorpolymeren und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
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