CN101809526A - 具有动态触觉效应的多触摸装置 - Google Patents

具有动态触觉效应的多触摸装置 Download PDF

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CN101809526A
CN101809526A CN200880109119A CN200880109119A CN101809526A CN 101809526 A CN101809526 A CN 101809526A CN 200880109119 A CN200880109119 A CN 200880109119A CN 200880109119 A CN200880109119 A CN 200880109119A CN 101809526 A CN101809526 A CN 101809526A
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CN101809526B (zh
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R·W·休贝尔
D·A·格兰特
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Immersion Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/04808—Several contacts: gestures triggering a specific function, e.g. scrolling, zooming, right-click, when the user establishes several contacts with the surface simultaneously; e.g. using several fingers or a combination of fingers and pen

Abstract

本发明涉及具有动态触觉效应的多触摸装置。公开了一种用于产生触觉效应的系统，在触摸屏上感测至少两个基本上同时的触摸，并且作为响应，产生动态触觉效应。

Description

具有动态触觉效应的多触摸装置
技术领域
本发明的一个实施例涉及触觉效应。更特别地，本发明的一个实施例涉及用于多触摸的触摸屏装置的触觉效应。
背景技术
电子装置制造商致力于为用户开发丰富的界面。传统的装置利用视觉和听觉提示为用户提供反馈。在一些界面装置中，也为用户提供动觉反馈(如主动力反馈和阻力反馈)和/或触觉反馈(如振动、质地、和热量)，更普遍地统称为“触觉反馈”或“触觉效应”。触觉反馈可以提供改进和简化用户界面的提示。具体地是，振动效应，或振动触觉效应，可用于为电子装置的用户提供提示以使用户警惕特定的事件，或提供真实感的反馈以在模拟或虚拟环境中创建更强烈的感官沉浸。
触觉反馈也已经越来越多的应用于便携式电子装置中，如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDAs)、便携式游戏装置以及多种其它便携式电子装置。例如，一些便携式游戏应用能够以类似于用于设置成提供触觉反馈的较大规模的游戏系统(例如，操纵杆等)的方式振动。此外，诸如移动电话和PDAs的装置，能够通过振动的方式向用户提供多种警告。例如，移动电话可以通过振动警告用户有电话打进。相似地，PDA能够警告用户排定的日历项目，或提醒用户注意关于“要做的事”的清单项目或日历约会(appointment)。
逐渐地，便携式装置已经舍弃物理按钮，而采用只有触摸屏的界面。这种变化增加了灵活性、减少了部件数目以及减少对易故障机械按钮的依赖，并且这种变化符合产品设计的新趋势。当使用触摸屏输入装置时，可由触觉效应模拟按压按钮或其它用户界面动作的机械确认。还有，许多装置现在能够多触摸，其触摸屏识别多个同时触摸点并包括软件来解释同时的触摸。
基于上述内容，需要有一种用于为多触摸装置产生触觉效应的系统和方法。
发明内容
一个实施例是用于产生触觉效应的系统。该系统感测在触摸屏上的至少两个基本同时的触摸，作为响应，产生动态触觉效应。
附图说明
图1是根据一个实施例的移动电话的结构图。
图2是触摸屏的结构图，并显示出在发生多触摸接触的两个接触点。
图3是图1所示的电话响应在触摸屏上的多触摸接触而执行的功能的流程图。
具体实施方式
一个实施例是触摸屏多触摸装置，其包括一用于产生动态触觉效应以响应多触摸的触觉反馈系统。
图1是依据一个实施例的移动电话10的结构图。电话10包括触摸屏11，并可以包括机械按键/按钮13。移动电话10的内部是在电话10上产生振动的触觉反馈系统。在一个实施例中，振动产生在整个电话10上。在另一个实施例中，电话10的特定部分可以被触觉反馈系统触觉地使能，包括整个触摸屏11或触摸屏11的个别部分。
触觉反馈系统包括处理器12。耦接至处理器12的是存储器20和一个致动器驱动电路16，该致动器驱动电路16耦接至振动致动器18。处理器12可以是任何类型的通用处理器，或者可以是专门设计为提供触觉效应的处理器，诸如专用集成电路(“ASIC”)。处理器12可以是操作整个电话10的相同处理器，或者可以是单独的处理器。处理器12能够决定施行什么样的触觉效应，和基于高级别参数施行效应的次序。一般，定义特定的触觉效应的高级别参数包括幅度、频率和持续时间。诸如流动马达命令(streaming motor commands)的低级别参数也可以用于确定特定的触觉效应。如果触觉效应包括当触觉效应产生时这些参数的某种变形，或者基于用户的互动的这些参数的变形，触觉效应可以被认为是“动态”的。
处理器12向驱动电路16输出控制信号，驱动电路16包括电子组件和电路，用于向致动器18供给所需电流和电压，从而引起所期望的触觉效应。致动器18是在电话10上产生振动的触觉装置。致动器18能够包括能够为电话10的用户提供振动触觉力的一个或多个力供应机构(例如，通过电话10的壳)。例如，致动器18可以是电磁致动器、由电机移动偏心质量块的偏心旋转质量块(“ERM”)、附连到弹簧的质量块被向前和向后驱动的线性共振致动器(“LRA”)或者诸如压电、电活性聚合物或形状记忆合金的“智能材料”，。存储器装置20可以是任何类型的存储装置或计算机可读介质，例如随机存取存储器(“RAM”)或只读存储器(“ROM”)。存储器20存储由处理器12执行的指令。存储器20也可以位于处理器12的内部，或者可以是内部存储器和外部存储器的任何组合。
触摸屏11识别触摸，以及在触摸敏感表面上的触摸的位置和幅度。与触摸相对应的数据被发送给处理器12或在电话10中的另一个处理器，处理器12解释该触摸并响应产生触觉效应。触摸屏11可以使用任何感测技术感测触摸，感测技术包括电容感测、电阻感测、表面声波感测、压力感测、光学感测等等。触摸屏11可以感测多触摸接触，并能够区分同时发生的多个触摸。触摸屏11可以进一步显示用于用户交互的图像，例如按键、表盘等等，或者可以是最小化的或没有图像的触摸板。
虽然图1的实施例是移动电话10，其它实施例可以是任何类型的装置，装置包括一个或多个能够适用于多触摸的触摸屏。基本上同时或并发的多个触摸可以发生在一个单独的触摸屏上，或者可以同时发生在两个不同的触摸屏上。触摸可以来自用户的手指、触针或来自其它任何对象。
图2是触摸屏11的结构图，显示了在发生多触摸接触的两个接触点31、32。在一个实施例中，处理器12基于与接触点31、32相关的多个可能的因素来产生动态触觉效应。例如，触觉效应可以基于，至少部分地基于接触点之间的距离、接触点的移动方向、接触点的数目(如，如果有多于两个接触点)、接触点的屏幕位置、正由接触点初始化的功能、正施加在每一个接触点的压力量等等。
图3是图1中的电话10为响应触摸屏11上的多触摸接触而执行的功能的流程图。在一个实施例中，图3的功能是由存储在存储器中并由处理器12执行的软件实现的。在另一个实施例中，其功能可以由硬件或硬件和软件的任何组合执行。
在步骤102，感测多触摸接触，并且确定每个接触点的位置和接触点的数目。
在步骤104，基于接触点的位置和数目并基于任何如上述所公开的任何数量的其它因素(例如，点之间的距离，点的移动方向等等)，来计算动态触觉效应。触觉效应是动态的，其中诸如振幅、振动、频率等一个或多个参数随时间变化。触觉效应的动态性质相对于静态触觉效应向用户提供了附加的信息。由于在多触摸装置上感测两个或多个基本上同时的触摸，提供附加信息的需求增加。在一个实施例中，可计算多个动态触觉效应，一个用于每个接触点，以使每个接触对象(如，每个手指)可以体验不同的触觉效应，而不是应用于整个电话10或触摸屏11的单个的动态触觉效应。
在步骤106，将在104计算的动态触觉效应输出给驱动电路16和致动器18，从而以振动或其它触觉形式实现效应。
在操作中，实施例响应于多触摸接触创建动态触觉效应，改进了电话10的功能性和使用性。例如，当多触摸接触是两个或多个手指时，用户可以在接触或者接近触摸屏11时移动分开他们的手指以便在显示的图像上放大。作为响应，可以产生增加振幅或频率的动态触觉效应，以传达增长或增加虚拟窗口或对象的尺寸和/或体积的感觉。把手指收回到一起的动作会导致相等和相反的减少振幅或频率，以传达收缩或减少虚拟窗口或对象尺寸和/或体积的感觉。
在另一实施例中，为了在显示的联系、文本或菜单项目列表中移动，两个或多个手指可以移动分开，并且作为响应，可以基于手指点之间的距离产生增加振幅或频率的动态触觉效应。用户的手指越分开，触觉效应的振幅或频率会越大，以便传达在联系或菜单项目列表中增加的速度或移动的感觉。把手指收回到一起的动作会导致相等和相反的减少振幅或频率，以传达在联系或菜单项目列表中减少的速度或移动的感觉。
进一步地，两个或多个手指能够做旋转手势，旋转手势等同于在触摸屏11上转动虚拟旋钮。作为响应，可以产生动态触觉效应，如同转动虚拟旋钮，以模拟转动如制动器和隔栅(barrier)的机械旋钮中感受到的感觉。可以产生其它动态效果，不是与旋转旋钮的典型地关联，而是提供例如滚动率控制、列表末端/列表顶端通知等信息。
在另一个实施例中，两个或多个手指可以设置边界框(选择区域)，边界框允许用户与边界框中包括的所有虚拟捕捉项目(grasped items)交互。当滑动有边界的框时，动态触觉效应可以产生滑动感觉并能够依赖拖动的速度或框正被拖动多远而变化。进一步，通过增加或减少两个手指之间距离的调整项目大小的交互，可以产生增加或减少振幅或频率的等同的动态触觉效应，或者产生传达相对增加或减少对象尺寸的动作一致的振幅和频率的触觉效应。进一步，通过顺时针或逆时针旋转手指旋转捕捉项目的交互，可以产生与增加或减少触觉振幅或频率等同的动态触觉事件，或者产生传达旋转对象远离它们的初始起点或虚拟设置的动作一致的振幅和频率的触觉效应。进一步，通过在屏幕上移动手指来进行拖动项目的交互，可以产生与增加或减少触觉振幅或频率等同的动态触觉效应，或者产生传达与物理地拖动对象远离它们的初始起点或虚拟设置的动作一致的振幅和频率的触觉效应。
在另一个实施例中，电话10包括脚踏板或开关，以使用户在操作触摸屏与虚拟对象交互时，可以使用一只脚来控制踏板按钮/开关。在一个实施例中，脚踏板的按钮动作可以使用和用于定位光标点的鼠标按钮点击相同的方式。用户的手可以被解放出来操作触摸屏和执行例如对菜单、菜单项目、窗口、虚拟形状或虚拟对象的激活、导航、调整大小、重构、移动、合并的功能。这些交互的每一个可以具有同时被触发的动态触觉效应，以更好地在没有正表现实际的机械按钮、开关或真实的物理对象时传达这些交互。
在另一个实施例中，多个用户可以对触摸屏11应用多触摸接触，并且每个用户基于他们在任何给定时刻所做的特定应用或交互可能需要不同的触觉效应。进一步，单个的、多手用户可以基于在任何给定时刻每只手所做的特定动作来关于每只手需要不同的触觉效应。例如，一只手可能使用两个手指来抓住(grab)或夹住(pinch)虚拟对象，而另一只手使用两个手指操作该虚拟对象或者放大/缩小或者甚至滚动单独的菜单列表。两个动作可以在相同的表面同时发生，得益于正在每只手上产生不同的动态触觉效应。
正如所公开的，实施例产生动态触觉效应以响应在触摸屏上的多触摸交互。结果，用户可以更容易和更有效地利用触摸屏多触摸装置的功能。
在此详细解释和/或描述了几个实施例。但是，应该理解上述教导涵盖了修改和变形，并在后面附加的权利要求的范围内，而非偏离本发明的精神和涵盖的范围。

Claims (24)

1.一种产生触觉效应的方法，包括：
在触摸屏上感测至少两个基本上同时的触摸；以及
产生动态触觉效应以响应该感测。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该感测包括确定该触摸的位置。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该感测包括确定在该触摸屏上的触摸数目。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该动态触觉效应是包括至少一个参数的变化的振动。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该至少一个参数是振幅、频率和持续时间的一个或多个。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该动态触觉效应由至少一个致动器产生。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该感测包括对正将第一手指和第二手指移动分开的第一确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括增加该参数。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中该感测包括对正将该第一手指和该第二手指移动到一起的第二确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括减少该参数。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该感测包括对正将第一手指和第二手指旋转的确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括从该变化产生制动模拟。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该感测包括对第一手指和第二手指创建了边界框和该框正被拖动的确定，其中该动态触觉效应包括从该变化产生拖动速度指示。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该动态触觉效应在该触摸的接触点充分地单独地产生。
12.一种多触摸装置，包括：
触摸屏；
耦接至该触摸屏的处理器；以及
耦接至该处理器的触觉反馈系统；
其中该处理器适用于在触摸屏上感测至少两个基本上同时的触摸；以及
该处理器适用于通过该触觉反馈系统产生动态触觉效应以响应该感测。
13.如权利要求12所述的多触摸装置，其中该触觉反馈系统包括至少一个致动器。
14.如权利要求12所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括确定该触摸的位置。
15.如权利要求12所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括确定在该触摸屏上的触摸数目。
16.如权利要求12所述的多触摸装置，其中该动态触觉效应是包括至少一个参数的变化的振动。
17.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该至少一个参数是振幅、频率和持续时间的一个或多个。
18.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括时正将第一手指和第二手指移动分开的第一确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括增加该参数。
19.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括对正将该第一手指和该第二手指移动到一起的第二确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括减少该参数。
20.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括对正将第一手指和第二手指旋转的确定，并且该动态触觉效应包括从该变化产生制动模拟。
21.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该感测包括对第一手指和第二手指创建了边界框和该框正被拖动的确定，其中该动态触觉效应包括从该变化产生拖动速度指示。
22.如权利要求16所述的多触摸装置，其中该动态触觉效应在该触摸屏的接触点充分地单独地产生。
23.一种计算机可读介质，其中存储有指令，当被处理器执行时，使得处理器执行以下步骤：
在触摸屏上感测至少两个基本上同时的触摸；以及
产生动态触觉效应以响应该感测。
24.一种用于产生触觉效应的系统，包括：
在触摸屏上感测至少两个基本上同时的触摸的装置；以及
产生动态触觉效应以响应该感测的装置。
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US8542216B2 (en) 2013-09-24
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