CN101778632B - 综合失调症的治疗或预防药 - Google Patents
综合失调症的治疗或预防药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101778632B CN101778632B CN2008801034116A CN200880103411A CN101778632B CN 101778632 B CN101778632 B CN 101778632B CN 2008801034116 A CN2008801034116 A CN 2008801034116A CN 200880103411 A CN200880103411 A CN 200880103411A CN 101778632 B CN101778632 B CN 101778632B
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- C07D489/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: with a hetero atom directly attached in position 14
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供可治疗综合失调症、特别是阳性症状,且不会引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍的综合失调症的治疗或预防药。即,本发明提供下述化合物1所代表的具有特定的吗啡喃骨架的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐作为有效成分的综合失调症的治疗或预防药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有吗啡喃衍生物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐作为有效成分的综合失调症的治疗或预防药。
背景技术
综合失调症(Schizophrenia,精神分裂症)大部分是在青春期至青年期发病,其生涯发病率相当于人口的约1%,是精神疾病的一种。其症状分为精神运动兴奋、幻觉和妄想等阳性症状,缺乏自发性、情感迟钝和交流障碍等阴性症状,以及认知障碍(非专利文献1)。
有人提倡脑内多巴胺过剩说作为综合失调症的发病机理,因此目前是以直接阻断多巴胺受体为主要途径的定型、非定型抗精神病药作为包括上述三种症状的综合失调症治疗药使用。但是直接阻断多巴胺受体带来锥体外系症状(EPS)等的副作用,因此人们希望开发具有不同作用机理、安全范围广的治疗药。
作为抑制脑内多巴胺游离的化合物,已知有作为本发明的有效成分的吗啡喃化合物(专利文献1)、纳美芬(非专利文献2)、U-50,488H(非专利文献3)等的类阿片κ受体激动药,其中报道了与本发明的化合物具有共通的吗啡喃骨架的纳美芬实际上对于综合失调症具有治疗效果(非专利文献4)。但是,纳美芬与本发明的特定的吗啡喃化合物在结构上有很大差异,并且未显示本发明的化合物对综合失调症具有治疗效果。
另一方面,已知U-50,488H具有抑制多巴胺游离的作用,但U-50,488H显示可能引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍(非专利文献5)。但是,虽说公开了本发明的有效成分-特 定的吗啡喃化合物具有抑制多巴胺游离的作用,但这些文献中均未显示该化合物可在不引发认知障碍等副作用的情形下显示综合失调症的治疗效果。
除此之外,在专利文献2中同时记载了作为本发明有效成分的吗啡喃化合物具有镇痛活性、利尿活性、镇咳活性和类阿片κ受体激动性。
并且还公开了吗啡喃化合物作为下述药物的用途,脑细胞保护药(专利文献3)、止痒药(专利文献4)、低钠血症治疗药(专利文献5)、ORL-1受体拮抗药(专利文献6)、神经因性疼痛治疗药(专利文献7)、精神神经疾病治疗药(专利文献8)、药物依赖治疗药(专利文献1)、败血症治疗药(专利文献9)、以及来自多发性硬化症的搔痒的治疗药(专利文献10)等。其中,专利文献8中公开了治疗“精神神经疾病”的用途,但具体只公开了对于属于神经疾病的不宁腿综合征(RLS)的效果,对本发明的综合失调症的治疗效果未有任何公开。
非专利文献1:日药理志,127,4,2006
非专利文献2:Gavin B等人.,Neuropsychopharamacology,30,2554,2005
非专利文献3:Werling LL等人.,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,246,282,1998
非专利文献4:Rapaport MH等人.,Neuropsychopharamacology,9,111,1993
非专利文献5:Marco B等人.,Biol.Psychiatry,57,1550,2005
专利文献1:国际公开第99/011289号小册子
专利文献2:国际公开第93/015081号小册子
专利文献3:国际公开第95/003307号小册子
专利文献4:国际公开第98/023290号小册子
专利文献5:国际公开第99/005146号小册子
专利文献6:日本特开2000-53572号公报
专利文献7:国际公开第01/014383号小册子
专利文献8:国际公开第02/078744号小册子
专利文献9:国际公开第02/089845号小册子
专利文献10:国际公开第06/095836号小册子
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供具有显著高的效果、不会引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍、且副作用少的综合失调症的治疗或预防药。
解决课题的手段
本发明人等为解决上述课题进行了深入地研究,结果发现:具有吗啡喃骨架的特定的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐对综合失调症具有显著高的治疗或预防效果,不会引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍,且副作用少,作为综合失调症的阳性症状的治疗或预防药特别有效,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及以下的[1]~[5]。
[1]综合失调症的治疗或预防药,该药物以下述通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐作为有效成分:
[式中,虚线和实线的双线表示双键或单键,R1表示碳原子数4~7的环烷基烷基,R2表示碳原子数1~5的直链或支链烷基,B表示-CH=CH-]。
[2][1]所述的综合失调症的治疗或预防药,其中,通式(I)中,R1 是环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基或环己基甲基,R2是甲基、乙基或丙基。
[3][1]所述的综合失调症的治疗或预防药,其中,通式(I)所示的化合物是(-)-17-(环丙基甲基)-3,14β-二羟基-4,5α-环氧基-6β-[N-甲基-反式-3-(3-呋喃基)丙烯酰胺]吗啡喃。
[4]通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐在制备治疗或预防综合失调症的药物中的应用。
[式中,虚线和实线的双线表示双键或单键,R1表示碳原子数4~7的环烷基烷基,R2表示碳原子数1~5的直链或支链烷基,B表示-CH=CH-]。
[5]治疗或预防综合失调症的方法,该方法包含将有效量的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐给予需要进行综合失调症治疗或预防的患者。
[式中,虚线和实线的双线表示双键或单键,R1表示碳原子数4~7的环烷基烷基,R2表示碳原子数1~5的直链或支链烷基,B表示-CH=CH-]。
发明效果
本发明对综合失调症具有显著的治疗、预防效果,并且不会引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例1中化合物1、纳美芬、U-50,488H对于小鼠PCP诱发运动亢进的影响的图。
图2是表示实施例2中化合物1对大鼠PPI的影响的图。
符号说明
图1中,横坐标表示受试物质的用量,纵坐标表示30分钟(自给予PCP 30分钟后的30分钟之内)内小鼠运动量(计数)。图2中,横坐标表示受试物质的用量,纵坐标表示惊吓反应抑制率(%前脉冲抑制,%Prepulse inhibition)。
具体实施方式
本发明的综合失调症的治疗或预防药含有通式(1)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐作为有效成分。
R1表示碳原子数1~5的烷基、碳原子数4~7的环烷基烷基、碳原子数5~7的环烯基烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基、碳原子数7~13的芳烷基、碳原子数4~7的链烯基、烯丙基、呋喃-2-基烷基(烷基部分的碳原子数为1~5)、或噻吩-2-基烷基(烷基部分的碳原子数为1~5)。
R14表示氢、羟基、硝基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基、碳原子数 1~5的烷氧基、碳原子数1~5的烷基或NR9R10。其中,R9表示氢或碳原子数1~5的烷基,R10表示氢、碳原子数1~5的烷基、或-C(=O)R11,R11表示氢、苯基或碳原子数1~5的烷基。
R3表示氢、羟基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基或碳原子数1~5的烷氧基。
A表示-XC(=Y)-、-XC(=Y)Z-、-X-、或-XSO2-(其中,X、Y和Z各自独立,表示NR4、S或O。其中,R4表示氢、碳原子数1~5的直链或支链的烷基、或碳原子数6~12的芳基,式中,R4为2以上时,互相可以相同或不同)。
B表示原子价键、碳原子数1~14的直链或支链亚烷基(其中,可被选自碳原子数1~5的烷氧基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氨基、硝基、氰基、三氟甲基和苯氧基的至少一种以上的取代基取代,1~3个亚甲基可被羰基取代)、含有1~3个双键或/三键的碳原子数2~14的直链或支链的非环状不饱和烃(其中,可被选自碳原子数1~5的烷氧基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氨基、硝基、氰基、三氟甲基和苯氧基的至少一种以上的取代基取代,1~3个亚甲基可被羰基取代)、或含有1~5个硫醚键、醚键和/或氨基键的碳原子数1~14的直链或支链的饱和或不饱和烃(其中,杂原子不直接与A键合,1~3个亚甲基可被羰基取代)。
R5表示氢或具有下述任一基本骨架的有机基团(其中,这些式中,Q表示N、O或S,T表示CH2、NH、S或O,1表示0~5的整数,m和n各自独立,表示0~5的整数,m和n的合计为5以下,各有机基团可被选自碳原子数1~5的烷基、碳原子数1~5的烷氧基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氨基、硝基、氰基、异硫氰酸酯基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基和甲二氧基的至少一种取代基取代)。
R5所表示的有机基团
R6表示氢,R7表示氢、羟基、碳原子数1~5的烷氧基、碳原子数1~5的烷酰氧基,或者R6和R7一起表示-O-、-CH2-或-S-。
R8表示氢、碳原子数1~5的烷基或碳原子数1~5的烷酰基。
R12和R13均表示氢,或者其中一方为氢、另一方表示羟基,或者两者一起表示氧代基。
通式(1)包含(+)体、(-)体、(±)体。
通式(1)中的虚线和实线的双线表示双键或单键,优选为单键。
本发明的综合失调症的治疗或预防药优选含有在通式(1)所示化合物范围内的、已经给出的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐作为主要成分。通式(I)中的虚线和实线的双线表示双键或单键,优选为单键。
通式(I)中,R1表示碳原子数4~7的环烷基烷基。其中,R1优选为环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基或环己基甲基,特别优选环丙基甲基。
R2表示碳原子数1~5的直链或支链烷基。R2优选为甲基、乙基或丙基。其中优选甲基。
B表示-CH=CH-。B优选为反式-CH=CH-。
通式(I)所示的化合物特别优选R1为环丙基甲基、R2为甲基、B为反式-CH=CH-的化合物,即,(-)-17-(环丙基甲基)-3,14β-二羟基-4,5α-环氧基-6β-[N-甲基-反式-3-(3-呋喃基)丙烯酰胺]吗啡喃,但本发明并不限于此。
这些通式(I)所示的化合物可按照日本特许第2525552号公报中所述的方法来制备。通式(1)所示的化合物中,R12和R13均为氢的化合物可按照日本特许第2525552号公报中所述的方法来制备。通式(1)所示的化合物中,R12和R13一起表示氧代基的化合物例如可以以按照文献(Heterocycle,63,865(2004),Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,5,1505(1995))所得的具有10-氧代基的化合物作为原料,按照Chem.Pharm.Bull.,52,664(2004)和日本特许第2525552中所述的方法来制备。并且通式(1)所示的化合物中,R12为羟基、R13为氢的化合物可按照Chem.Pharm.Bull.,52,664(2004)所述的方法来制备。
本发明的药理学上可接受的酸加成盐例如有:盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐和磷酸盐等无机酸盐,乙酸盐、乳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、戊二酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、富马酸盐、扁桃酸盐、马来酸盐、苯甲酸盐或邻苯二甲酸盐等有机羧酸盐,或者甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或莰磺酸盐等有机磺酸盐等。其中优选使用盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、酒石酸盐或甲磺酸盐等,当然并不限于此。
通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐可纯化至药品用途,在必须的安全性试验合格后可以直接、或者以与公知的药理学上可接受的酸、载体、赋形剂等混合而得到的药物组合物的形式口服给药。口服给药的剂型可选择片剂、胶囊剂、散剂或颗粒剂等,当然并不限于此。
药物组合物中,对通式(I)所示的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐的含量没有特别限定,通常可制备成每次服用0.1μg~100mg。 给药量可根据患者的症状、年龄、体重、给药方法等适当选择,通常成人每天的通式(I)所示化合物的量为0.1μg~20mg,优选1μg~10mg左右,可分别分一次或多次给药。
本发明的综合失调症的治疗或预防药可以是将本发明中所包含的化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐单独给药,或者将其与用于疾病的治疗或预防、症状的减少或抑制的一种或一种以上的药物组合给药。组合的方法可以是将各种药物结合使用,也可以制成合剂。上述药物的例子有:作为定型抗精神病药物的氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、洛沙平、甲砜哒嗪、吗茚酮、奋乃静、匹莫齐特、硫利达嗪、替沃噻吨或三氟拉嗪,或者作为非定型精神病药物的阿立哌唑、氯氮平、奥氮平、喹硫平、利培酮或齐拉西酮等,这些只是给出的例子,并不解释成受限于这些。
本发明中所述的“综合失调症”包含(1)阳性症状、(2)阴性症状以及(3)认知障碍等全部。本发明的综合失调症的治疗或预防药特别优选用于上述中的阳性症状的治疗或预防。
作为本发明的治疗或预防药的有效成分的上述化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐对于综合失调症的治疗或预防有效,这可按照Jpn.J.Pharmacol.,66,181,1994中记载的方法确认。该方法中使用的由苯环利定(PCP)诱发的动物的运动亢进作为人综合失调症阳性症状的表现体系而已知。已知PCP在人、动物中不仅可表现综合失调症的阳性症状,也可表现阴性症状或认知障碍(Javitt DC等人.,Am.J.Psychiatry.148,1301,1991;Volnow ND等人.,Semin.Nucl.Med.,22,254,1992),在由PCP诱发的正式模型中显示有效性,这表示该药物对于综合失调症有效。
上述化合物或其药理学上可接受的酸加成盐不会引起综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍,这可按照Bio.Psychiatry,57,1550,2005中记载的方法进行确认,即,在对动物给予惊吓刺激(脉冲)之前给予弱刺激(前脉冲),研究对于对惊吓刺激(脉冲)的惊吓反应得到抑制的现象(前脉冲抑制,PPI)的影响。已知该方法中, 抑制PPI表示信息处理发生异常,反应为综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等。
实施例
以下,根据实施例具体地说明本发明。
实施例1
(-)-17-(环丙基甲基)-3,14β-二羟基-4,5α-环氧基-6β-[N-甲基-反式-3-(3-呋喃基)丙烯酰胺]吗啡喃盐酸盐(化合物1)对于小鼠PCP诱发运动亢进的效果
实验是每组使用12~14只、7~8周龄的ddy系雄性小鼠。将小鼠装入设置在红外线计数仪下部的测定用笼(22cm×38cm×20cm:W×L×H)中,至测定开始为止使其驯化2小时。接着对小鼠皮下给予苯环利定(PCP,10mg/kg),然后立即送回测定用笼中,以后每隔5分钟用Supermex(室町机械)测定小鼠的自发运动。测定时间为90分钟。需要说明的是,受试物质的处置是将溶解于溶剂的物质在给予PCP的1分钟之前皮下给予。
化合物1的结构如下式(II)所示。
结果如图1所示。化合物1自0.01mg/kg起在统计学上显著抑制已知作为综合失调症阳性症状模型的PCT诱发运动亢进(相对于溶剂给予组,分别为p<0.05和p<0.001)。这表示化合物1对综合失调症具有显著的治疗效果。
需要说明的是,图1中,“*”、“***”分别表示危险率为5%以下、0.1%以下,有统计学意义。图2也同样。
参考例1
与实施例1同样,评价纳美芬和U-50,488H。结果如图1所示。在以10mg/kg处置时,纳美芬对于运动量没有任何影响。U-50,488H显示显著的抑制效果,但是必须是1mg/kg的高用量处置(相对于溶剂给予组,分别为p<0.05和p<0.001)。以上可以确认,与纳美芬、U-50,488H比较,化合物1的效果更为显著。
实施例2
化合物1对于大鼠前脉冲抑制(PPI)模型的惊吓反应的影响
实验是每组使用8只、9~10周龄的SD系雄性大鼠。测定采用小动物用惊吓反应测定装置(San Diego Instruments)。将大鼠装入专用容器(フォルダ一)中(直径约8cm,Plexiglas制备),在测定环境中驯化10分钟,然后以前脉冲80dB、脉冲120dB、前脉冲-脉冲间隔100毫秒的条件进行惊吓反应,求出%前脉冲抑制=[((无前脉冲的脉冲反应-有前脉冲的脉冲反应)/无前脉冲的脉冲反应)×100]。需要说明的是,受试物质的处置是将溶解于溶剂中的物质在刺激期间开始的30分钟之前皮下给予。
结果如图2所示。在PPI模型中,化合物1在0.03mg/kg(皮下注射)处置时也不会抑制PPI。采用报道可以抑制PPI的苯环利定(PCP:4mg/kg)作为评价系统的阳性对照,确认在统计学上有显著的抑制PPI的作用(相对于溶剂给予组为p<0.05)。
由以上结果可知,化合物1不会引发象在U-50,488H中报道的综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍。
产业实用性
本发明提供具有优异的综合失调症治疗效果、不会引发综合失调症症状之一的认知障碍等相关的信息处理障碍的、安全性高的综合失调症治疗或预防药。
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