CN101767428B - 一种fep粉料专用造粒挤出机 - Google Patents

一种fep粉料专用造粒挤出机 Download PDF

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CN101767428B
CN101767428B CN2010101076283A CN201010107628A CN101767428B CN 101767428 B CN101767428 B CN 101767428B CN 2010101076283 A CN2010101076283 A CN 2010101076283A CN 201010107628 A CN201010107628 A CN 201010107628A CN 101767428 B CN101767428 B CN 101767428B
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machine barrel
fep
extruder
fep powder
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CN101767428A (zh
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徐三善
李家才
余考明
陈志冰
王志红
高飞
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Zhejiang Juhua Co., Ltd.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机，它包括两根平行螺杆、在螺杆外的机筒以及加热系统、冷却系统和抽空脱挥系统，机筒上设有氟气加入口，旨在提供一种可缩短FEP生产加工流程，能简单有效去除产品中不稳定端基并控制产品挥发份，同时具备耐高温耐腐蚀使用周期长的FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机，本发明的双螺杆挤出机能有效去除分子链中不稳定的端基，控制产品挥发份，同时机筒具有耐腐蚀，耐高温变形能力，非常适应FEP粉料的加工。

Description

一种FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种FEP粉料加工设备，尤其是涉及一种能够确保端基稳定和低挥发份的FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机。
背景技术
FEP全称聚全氟乙丙烯，是一种性能优异的氟塑料，有着优异的电气性能，热稳定性能和机械物理性能，广泛应用于电线电缆行业。
FEP是由TFE(四氟乙烯)和HFP(六氟丙烯)共聚产生的高分子聚合物，在FEP生产过程中，因水相聚合反应体系采用的引发剂如过硫酸铵(APS)或过硫酸钾(KPS)等，会在反应中产生很多不稳定的终端基团，这些不稳定的终端基团在聚合物的熔融加工过程中会对产品造成不良影响。-COOH终端基团易分解使产品鼓泡且颜色不佳，产生的含氟酸对设备造成腐蚀，造成产品金属污染；其产生的含氟乙烯基和含氟酸终端基团也是不稳定的终端基团，且熔融过程中乙烯基终端基团可与聚合物链结合而增加聚合物的熔融粘性，也可产生单质碳而引起产品变色。可发生的反应如下：
Figure GSA00000012207500012
所以FEP产品质量提高的主要方向之一就是端基稳定。
目前，使FEP端基稳定主要是通过氟气氟化来除去不稳定终端基团，使其转化为非常稳定的全氟甲基终端基团(-CF3)，该方法发生的化学反应如下：
Figure GSA00000012207500013
如陈良等在有机氟工业(2)：14～17(1996)上撰文指出：氟化装置系一容积为2.41立升的转炉反应器，加热装置采用哈夫电热套(功率2kW)。室温下抽空排氧，充氮后，FEP生粉装入转炉，开始加热，待料温达到设定温度(160～200℃)时，再次抽空排氧，然后，加人F2/N2混合气(25/75vol％)。反应1～3小时后，用20wt％NaOH溶液吸收含氟尾气，用N2气反复冲扫，直到炉内基本无氟，微量氟气用5wt％KI溶液检验(若气体中含有微量氟气，KI溶液将变黄色乃至黑色)。当炉内基本无氟且物料冷却下来后，即可出料。又如美国专利US6794487采用捏合工艺处理乳液或悬浮聚合法FEP粉末，380℃下在特定的捏合机中捏合10min以上，通入水和空气，或采用F2/N2混合气体，处理后几乎所有的不稳定性端基完全去除，挥发份指数较低，所得聚合物几乎为无色。而美国专利US4742122公开的技术是采用加热硬化与氟化相结合的处理工艺，其热硬化条件：低于聚合物熔融初始温度25℃至聚合物熔点，时间4～8h；氟化处理工艺：130～200℃，F2/N2混合气体中F2含量10～30％，产品熔体粘度0.1×104～100×104泊(372℃)，不稳定端基小于80个/106个碳原子，平均粒径200～3000μm。上述氟气氟化技术对设备要求高，要求设备具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、安全性高等特点，对于工业化大规模生产来说，设备投入很高。
总之，一个既能提高不稳定端基转化程度，同时又能有效降低主链断裂副反应程度的氟化工艺通常需要较大氟气量、较低氟化温度及较短氟化时间。一般情况下氟气氟化都是采用专门的氟化设备、作为一个独立工序进行的，处理温度高、处理时间长，且对设备要求高(如要求设备具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、安全性高)，处理过的粉料还要再经过双螺杆挤出机造粒，生产加工流程冗长。
另外在挤出造粒生产环节，绝大多数厂家所使用的双螺杆挤出机在机筒结构设计上一般采用耐腐蚀特种合金钢材镶套在机筒壳体内，这种结构设计虽然加工简单，容易批量化生产，但存在很大缺陷。在FEP加工的高温与腐蚀条件下，机筒因高温热胀或冷缩，很难避免出现镶套与壳体间产生缝隙，或镶套开裂、壳体腐蚀等现象，严重影响了产品质量和挤出机的正常生产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可缩短FEP生产加工流程，能简单有效去除产品中不稳定端基并控制产品挥发份，同时具备耐高温耐腐蚀使用周期长的FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机，包括两根平行螺杆、在所述螺杆外的机筒2以及加热系统3、冷却系统4和抽空脱挥系统6，所述机筒2上设有氟气加入口5。
所述螺杆的长径比为L/D≥60；
所述螺杆由多段剪切混合元件组成，所述剪切混合元件由特制菱形45°错列角捏合块7组成；
所述机筒内孔及联结端面设置有哈C合金防腐层，所述哈C合金防腐层与机筒壳体通过熔合焊接复合在一起。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于现有技术的双螺杆挤出机组仅能实现物料的脱挥、造粒等功能。本发明的FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机在机筒2的结构上集成了氟气加入口5，与大多改性剂的加入类似，让混有一定比例氮气的氟气从加入口以抽空输送的方式持续送入到挤出机中去，同时FEP粉料也从喂料口稳定计量地连续加入到挤出机中，进行氟化反应除去不稳定终端基团，然后抽真空并用氮气置换以除去多余的氟气，最后再经过双螺杆挤出机造粒包装。由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机不仅实现了物料的脱挥、造粒等功能，还能除去FEP粉料中的不稳定终端基团。
在FEP加工过程中，长径比为L/D≥60的结构能充分保证物料在螺杆内的停留时间，在正常的工作温度下吸收足够热量，来完成输送、塑化、氟化、混炼、剪切、脱挥及挤出均化。
螺杆组合采用多段混合剪切，是为了使FEP聚合物能充分均匀地参与氟化反应，同时存在的溶剂、残留单体或小分子低聚物能及时通过排气、抽空脱挥去除干净。特制菱形45°错列角组成的捏合块极其适合FEP这种对剪切和温度敏感物料的加工，在相同的螺杆转速下，不但具有较低的平均剪切速率，而且也保证了拖曳能力及返混效果，同时通过宽盘与窄盘的有效结合来弥补部分分段的剪切混合效果。
所述机筒内孔及联结端面设置有哈C合金防腐层，哈C合金防腐层与机筒壳体通过熔合焊接复合在一起，能有效避免因为镶套与壳体材质不同，热膨胀系数不同而引起的两者间产生间隙，最终产生变形和腐蚀的情况。
本发明的FEP加工专用双螺杆挤出机简化了FEP生产工艺流程，节约生产成本，避免了常规氟气氟化处理带来的高污染、高成本、高设备投资。FEP粉料直接在专用双螺杆中氟化并挤出造粒，粒子挥发份控制在0.1％以下，不稳定端基得到有效去除，产品性能优良。同时机筒的选材和加工兼顾了耐腐蚀性，耐高温性和经济性，采用哈C合金复合结构，极大地降低了成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明FEP双螺杆挤出机的结构示意图；
图2是本发明FEP双螺杆挤出机的螺杆结构示意图；
图3是本发明菱形45°错列角捏合块的结构示意图；
图4是图3的径向视图；
图5是本发明两个螺杆上的捏合块的剪切混合作用简图；
图6是本发明FEP双螺杆挤出机的筒体结构简图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图所示，所述的一种加工FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机，包括两根平行螺杆1、在螺杆1外的机筒2以及加热系统3、冷却系统4，机筒2上设置氟气加入口5和抽空脱挥系统6。螺杆1长径比为L/D＝70，螺杆1由多段剪切混合元件组成，剪切混合元件由特制菱形45°错列角捏合块7组成。
一般情况FEP双螺杆挤出机组是没有集成氟化系统的，仅实现物料的脱挥、造粒等功能。本发明的FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机集成了氟气加入口5，像大多改性剂的加入类似，在机筒2的结构上增设氟气加入口5，让混有一定比例氮气的氟气从加入口5机筒以抽空输送的方式持续送入到挤出机中去，同时FEP粉料也从喂料口稳定计量地连续加入到挤出机中，二者在长径比L/D＝70的螺杆1的作用下混合均匀并吸收足够热量，发生氟化反应，最后由多段剪切块7作用实现多次界面更新，把残余少量氟气由抽空脱挥系统6完全回收处理。
作为本发明FEP粉料专用双螺杆挤出机的改进，机筒2的内表面及联结端面上设置有哈C合金防腐层8，哈C合金防腐层8与机筒2壳体通过熔合焊接复合在一起，能有效避免因为镶套与壳体材质不同，热膨胀系数不同而引起的两者间产生间隙，最终产生变形和腐蚀的情况，保证了挤出机在长期使用过程中耐高温变形及耐腐蚀的能力。

Claims (1)

1.一种FEP粉料专用造粒挤出机，包括两根平行螺杆(1)、在所述螺杆(1)外的机筒(2)以及加热系统(3)、冷却系统(4)和抽空脱挥系统(6)，其特征在于所述机筒(2)上设有氟气加入口(5)，所述螺杆(1)的长径比为L/D≥60，所述螺杆(1)设置有多段剪切混合元件，所述剪切混合元件由特制菱形45°错列角捏合块(7)组成，所述机筒(2)内表面及联结端面上设置有哈C合金防腐层(8)，所述哈C合金防腐层(8)与机筒(2)壳体通过熔合焊接复合在一起。
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