CN101743903B - Cultivation method and application of all-female North China type cucumber Nanci No. 1 - Google Patents

Cultivation method and application of all-female North China type cucumber Nanci No. 1 Download PDF

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CN101743903B
CN101743903B CN2009102628457A CN200910262845A CN101743903B CN 101743903 B CN101743903 B CN 101743903B CN 2009102628457 A CN2009102628457 A CN 2009102628457A CN 200910262845 A CN200910262845 A CN 200910262845A CN 101743903 B CN101743903 B CN 101743903B
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cucumber
female
gynoecial
plant
south
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CN101743903A (en
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陈劲枫
娄群峰
张淑霞
曹玉杰
王红英
王东
贾利
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of a hologynic north China type cucumber 'Nanci No. 1' and application thereof, which are specially used for cultivating hologynic type new cucumber varieties. Hybridizing a gynoecial north China cucumber 'P01' with a gynoecial European greenhouse cucumber 'EC 1', backcrossing the obtained F1 with 'P01', selecting a gynoecial single plant from backcrossed offspring and a gynoecial north cucumber parent 'P01' for continuous backcrossing for 7 generations, selecting a gynoecial single plant of BC7F1 for selfing, selecting a gynoecial single plant from BC7F2 for continuous selfing, finally selecting a plant system of which the BC7F3 is all gynoecial plants, and carrying out mixed pollination on the plant system cucumber to obtain a new variety 'Nanci 1' of the gynoecial north China cucumber with strong growth vigor, high quality and high yield. The south female No. 1 is hybridized with the common cultivated cucumber to obtain the all-female cucumber variety with high seed purity and stronger heterosis.

Description

Female No. 1 breeding method and the application in type cucumber south of complete female North China
One, technical field
Breeding method and the application of the complete female North China of the present invention type cucumber " female No. 1 of south " belong to the biotechnology breeding field, are exclusively used in and cultivate the allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers.
Two, background technology
Cucumber is one of main vegetable crop of global common cultivated, and its area under cultivation ranks first in China protection ground vegetables, has a very important role to guaranteeing China vegetables anniversary stable market supply aspect.
Cucumber is the therophytes of the different flower of monoecism.In the seedling phase bud just taking place, and carries out the sexual type differentiation of bud.Flower is generally unisexual flower, but have except that female flower, male flower, also have perfect flower.Its plant sexual type has: pure female plant, monoecism, pure staminiferous plant,, pure complete stool, andromonoecy, the full homophyletic of male and female.Wherein with pure female plant and monoecism be the master (JackE.Staub, Matthew D.Robbins, Todd C.Wehner.Vegetables I.Handbook of PlantBreeding. [M] .Springer New York, 2008:250).With regard to kind or strain system, pure female plant system, pure strong female plant system, female series, female complete stool system, male complete stool system, strain system, pure male and female plant system, pure staminiferous plant system etc. are fully arranged roughly. wherein female series and male and female plant are to be widely used.(Zhang Chunping, what is flat, Qu Zhicai, etc. silver nitrate is to the male effect of luring of cucumber female series. Southwestern University's journal (natural science edition), 2007,29 (2): 49~52).
The sexual type of cucumber is the key factor that influences its output, and the allfemale type cucumber is meant that plant only opens female flower and do not open the strain of male flower, often shows advantages such as precocity, melon are close, high yield.In addition, utilize allfemale type cucumber system half-blood to need not to castrate, practiced thrift the labour, reduced breeding cost, made half-blooded purity is very high.The half-blood that does maternal preparation with the allfemale type cucumber also multilist existing precocious, female flower is many, adopt advantage such as concentrated, high yield of melon phase.Therefore the seed selection of allfemale type cucumber just becomes important research contents in the breed cucumber with application.But the allfemale type kind of present domestic cucumber mainly is the European greenhouse type cucumber from external introduction, and the ecotype is comparatively single, can not satisfy the needs of production and breeding.
This seminar early-stage Study finds, the gynoecy shape of cucumber is mainly by a pair of nuclear gene control, complete female to weak female be dominance.When the gynoecy site was in homozygotic state, the performance of gynoecy shape was stable, is not vulnerable to Effect of Environmental such as light temperature.And when the gynoecy site is in heterozygous state; The performance of its gynoecy shape and genetic background have certain relation; The stable gynoecy of performance during part ecotype heterozygosis, and the part ecotype is subject to Effect of Environmental such as light temperature in addition, the incomplete dominance characteristic occurs; A spot of male flower occurs at the plant base portion, but overall female performance is all very strong.(Lou Qunfeng; The cloning and expression research [M] of cucumber gynoecy gene molecule marker and acc synthase gene. 2004 doctorate papers) so; Through hybridize with the female series cucumber, backcross, the mode of selfing, be cucumber to the transformation of gynoecy gene to non-gynoecy in the middle of, be to cultivate female stable new breeds of cucumbers; Widen the ecotype of allfemale type cucumber, improve the favourable approach of the availability of allfemale type cucumber.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
The cucumber variety resource that The present invention be directed to current complete female North China type is few; Environmental abundant inadequately present situation; At the cucumber female gene is on the basis of dominance nuclear gene, makes full use of the kind that this gene increases the female series cucumber, to improve the parent material of cucumber yield, increase breeding.
Technical scheme
The breeding method of complete female North China type cucumber " female No. 1 of south " comprises:
(following character description reference: Li Xixiang, Zhu Dewei, etc. cucumber germplasm resource description standard and data standard [M]. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2005.8-34)
1) allfemale type cucumber
The cucumber half-blood " Deltastar " of buying by Dutch Rijk Zwaan company; Warp 6 generation selfed breeding goes out stable female series " EC1 "; " EC1 " is European greenhouse type cucumber, be the allfemale type height that isozygotys of female gene for inbred line, its growing way is medium; Main climing long 2-2.5 rice, internode is apart from 7-9 centimetre; Average leaf area is 20 * 21 centimetres, leaf green, nearly triangle; The commodity melon is green, cylindrical, the long 14-16 of melon centimetre, and the thick 2.5-3 of melon centimetre, the smooth stingless or few thorn of fruit surface, master is climing all can tie melon, plants melon and is yellow green;
2) monoecism type cucumber
The stable height that is obtained through 6 generations of selfing by Tianjin spring No. 5 cucumber varieties is for inbred line " P01 ", and " P01 " is North China type cucumber, monoecism, and the plant growing way is strong, and internode is apart from 11-13.5 centimetre; The thick 0.6-0.7 of stem centimetre, average leaf area is 23 * 20 centimetres, and leaf is dark green, is heart-shaped five jiaos; With main climing knot melon is main, and the commodity melon is green, and it is bar-shaped that sugar-preserved gourd is, bottle green; Melon thorn white, quantity is medium, and the long 38-45 of melon centimetre, wide 4.3-5.3 centimetre.
3) complete female gene transformation:
With monoecism type cucumber " P01 " and allfemale type cucumber " EC1 " soak seed simultaneously, vernalization, sowing, field planting and the management of normal plant; When plant grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf; " EC1 " lures hero to the allfemale type cucumber, and concrete operations are: use about 4 in the afternoon concentration as the silver nitrate aqueous solution of 300mg/L to stem apex and foliar spray, be covered with little water droplet to blade till; Whenever handled once at a distance from three days, handle secondary;
In flowering stage, be female parent with " P01 ", be male parent with " EC1 "; Hybridize F1, concrete operations are: in pollination noon before that day, the male flower flower bud of the female flower flower bud of " P01 " that will open in second day and " EC1 " is overlapped flower isolate; That morning 8 points of blooming; The male flower pollen of " EC1 " is awarded on the column cap of " P01 " female flower, and 3 male flowers are awarded a female flower, and continue the female flower after the pollination was isolated three days;
Hybrid F1 is backcrossed with " P01 " cucumber, select the complete female individual plant in the backcross progeny to continue to backcross then, to the 7 generation BC7F1 that backcross with " P01 " cucumber;
Select the complete female individual plant of BC7F1 to carry out silver nitrate and lure male the processing, then should complete female individual plant carry out selfing and get BC7F2;
In BC7F2, continue to select complete female individual plant to lure hero, selfing gets BC7F3;
In BC7F3, selecting the strain system of allfemale type, is interior selfing with plant by luring at 1: 1 behind the hero, and the seed of being received is allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south ", and " southern female No. 1 " plant is an allfemale type; The plant growing way is strong, and the long 11.5-14 of internode centimetre, blade is dark green, and average maximum blade area is 21 * 22 centimetres; First female flower joint position is at the 5-6 joint, and later every joint all has a female flower to occur, and the commodity melon is bar-shaped; Average the long 27-31 of melon centimetre, thick 3-4 centimetre, master is climing all can tie melon.Plant is high temperature resistant, about 45 ℃, grows fine, and is the improved seeds of cucumber summer culture.
The selection criteria of complete female individual plant is: complete stool is female flower up and down, none male flower.
Allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south " is used for the selection of cucumber hybrid, comprising:
Plant by 3: 1 kinds with the common cultivation cucumber in " female No. 1 of south ", and carry out normal plant management, isolates in flowering stage; Be female parent with " female No. 1 of south " then; The common cultivation cucumber is that male parent is carried out artificial pollination or honeybee pollination, and the ripening fruits in gather " south female No. 1 " treats that cuing open melon after the fruit after-ripening washes seed; With seed airing oven dry, promptly obtain highly purified first generation of hybrid seed.
Beneficial effect:
Cultivation and the application method thereof of the complete female North China of the present invention type cucumber " female No. 1 of south " compared with prior art, have following advantage and good effect:
The present invention be utilize hybridization, many generations backcross and the mode of selfing with the transformation of gynoecy gene in the middle of monoecism type North China type cucumber " P01 ".Thus obtained new breeds of cucumbers " south female No. 1 " gynoecy shape can genetic stability, and with the proterties basically identical of backcross parent " P01 ".Through the method, with the North China type cucumber transformation of a monoecism type stable allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers.Widen the ecotype of allfemale type cucumber thus, improved the output of cucumber, increased the parent material of the F1 that crossbreeds.
Through field observation, new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south " is an allfemale type, and the plant growing way is strong; The long 11.5-14 of internode centimetre, blade is dark green, and average maximum blade area is 21 * 22 centimetres; First female flower joint position is at the 5-6 joint, and later every joint all has a female flower to occur, and the commodity melon is bar-shaped; Average the long 27-31 of melon centimetre, thick 3-4 centimetre.Master is climing all can tie melon.In addition, plant is high temperature resistant, about 45 ℃, grows fine, and is the improved seeds of cucumber summer culture, also can be used as parent's hybridization generation seed.
Four, biomaterial preservation
Complete female North China type cucumber " female No. 1 of south ", on October 28th, 2009 was preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, and preserving number is CGMCC NO.3359, classification called after cucumber (Cucumis sativus).
Five, embodiment
Embodiment: the breeding method of complete female North China type cucumber " female No. 1 of south " comprises:
1, parent's source and proterties:
1) allfemale type cucumber
The cucumber half-blood " Deltastar " of buying by Dutch Rijk Zwaan company; Through 6 generation selfed breeding go out stable female series " EC1 ", " EC1 " is European greenhouse type cucumber, is that the allfemale type height that isozygotys of female gene is for inbred line; Its growing way is medium, main climing long 2-2.5 rice; Internode is apart from 7-9 centimetre; Average leaf area is 20 * 21 centimetres, leaf green, and nearly triangle, commodity melon are green, cylindrical, the long 14-16 of melon centimetre, the thick 2.5-3 of melon centimetre, the smooth stingless or few thorn of fruit surface, master is climing all can tie melon, plants melon and is yellow green.
2) monoecism type cucumber
The stable height that is obtained through 6 generations of selfing by Tianjin spring No. 5 cucumber varieties is for inbred line " P01 "." P01 " is North China type cucumber, monoecism, and the plant growing way is strong, and internode is apart from 11-13.5 centimetre; The thick 0.6-0.7 of stem centimetre, average leaf area is 23 * 20 centimetres, and leaf is dark green, is heart-shaped five jiaos; With main climing knot melon is main, and the commodity melon is green, and it is bar-shaped that sugar-preserved gourd is, bottle green; Melon thorn white, quantity is medium, and the long 38-45 of melon centimetre, wide 4.3-5.3 centimetre.
2, the concrete transformation process of complete female gene:
With monoecism type cucumber " P01 " and allfemale type cucumber " EC1 " soak seed simultaneously, vernalization, sowing, field planting and the management of normal plant.When plant grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf; " EC1 " lures hero to the allfemale type cucumber, and concrete operations are: use about 4 in the afternoon concentration as the silver nitrate aqueous solution of 300mg/L to stem apex and foliar spray, be covered with little water droplet to blade till; Whenever handled once at a distance from three days, handle secondary.In flowering stage, be female parent with " P01 ", be male parent with " EC1 ", hybridize F1.
Concrete operations are: in pollination noon before that day, the male flower flower bud of the female flower flower bud of " P01 " that will open in second day and " EC1 " is overlapped flower isolate.Bloom about 8 of that mornings are awarded the male flower pollen of " EC1 " on the column cap of " P01 " female flower, and general 3 male flowers are awarded a female flower, and continue the female flower after the pollination was isolated three days.
Hybrid F1 is backcrossed with " P01 " cucumber, select the complete female individual plant (be female flower up and down with complete stool, none male flower is complete female individual plant) in the backcross progeny to continue to backcross then, to the 7 generation BC7F1 that backcross with " P01 " cucumber.
Select the complete female individual plant of BC7F1 to carry out silver nitrate and lure male the processing; Be specially: when plant grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; The plant that bud do not occur or the male flower flower bud do not occur is the allfemale type plant, use about 4 in the afternoon concentration as the silver nitrate aqueous solution of 300mg/L to stem apex and foliar spray, be covered with little water droplet to blade till; Whenever handled once at a distance from three days, handle secondary.Then should complete female individual plant carry out selfing and get BC7F2.
In BC7F2, continue to select complete female individual plant to lure hero, selfing gets BC7F3.
In BC7F3, selecting the strain system of allfemale type, is interior selfing with plant by luring at 1: 1 behind the hero, and the seed of being received is allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " southern female No. 1 ".
3, the characteristic of allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south ":
" female No. 1 of south " has the proterties of North China type cucumber " P01 " basically, but also has the proterties of indivedual " EC1 ", and some middle or ultra close proterties.
" female No. 1 of south " plant is an allfemale type, and the plant growing way is strong, the long 11.5-14 of internode centimetre; Blade is dark green, and average maximum blade area is 21 * 22 centimetres, and first female flower joint position is saved at 5-6; Later every joint all has a female flower to occur, and the commodity melon is bar-shaped, average the long 27-31 of melon centimetre; Thick 3-4 centimetre, master is climing all can tie melon.Plant is high temperature resistant, about 45 ℃, grows fine, and is the improved seeds of cucumber summer culture.
4, the application of allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south ":
Plant by 3: 1 kinds with the high common cultivation cucumber of coordinate force in " female No. 1 of south ", and carry out normal plant management.Isolating in flowering stage, is female parent with " female No. 1 of south " then, and the common cultivation cucumber is that male parent is carried out artificial pollination or honeybee pollination.The gather ripening fruits in " south female No. 1 " treats that cuing open melon after the fruit after-ripening washes seed, with seed airing oven dry, promptly obtains highly purified first generation of hybrid seed.

Claims (1)

1. allfemale type new breeds of cucumbers " female No. 1 of south " is used for the selection of cucumber hybrid, comprising:
" female No. 1 of south " CGMCC NO.3359 and common cultivation cucumber are planted by 3: 1 kinds, and carry out normal plant management, isolate in flowering stage; Be female parent with " female No. 1 of south " then; The common cultivation cucumber is that male parent is carried out artificial pollination or honeybee pollination, and the ripening fruits in gather " south female No. 1 " treats that cuing open melon after the fruit after-ripening washes seed; With seed airing oven dry, promptly obtain highly purified first generation of hybrid seed.
CN2009102628457A 2009-12-11 2009-12-11 Cultivation method and application of all-female North China type cucumber Nanci No. 1 Expired - Fee Related CN101743903B (en)

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CN103190281B (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-07-09 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Cucumber female line induced screening method
CN104126501B (en) * 2014-08-07 2015-12-02 扬州大学 The method of cultivation of the long fruit type cucumber of complete female smooth bark
CN108633726B (en) * 2018-02-26 2021-04-20 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Rapid identification and seed reservation method for bitter gourd all-female plants

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