CN1017431B - 铝氧烷的制备方法 - Google Patents
铝氧烷的制备方法Info
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- CN1017431B CN1017431B CN88108042A CN88108042A CN1017431B CN 1017431 B CN1017431 B CN 1017431B CN 88108042 A CN88108042 A CN 88108042A CN 88108042 A CN88108042 A CN 88108042A CN 1017431 B CN1017431 B CN 1017431B
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F5/066—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage)
- C07F5/068—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage) preparation of alum(in)oxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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Abstract
铝氧烷的制备方法,此方法包活:在反应条件下在搅动的烃基铝化合物的溶液表面的下方,通入至少一条水的液流,通入的方式是使水流一接触溶液就能基本上立即被分散。
Description
本发明涉及铝氧烷(Aluminoxane)的制备方法,此铝氧烷可用于催化剂体系。
发现通过烃基铝的不完全水解生成的铝氧烷有广泛的应用,可作为齐格拉-纳塔(Ziegler-Natta)催化剂体系的烷基取代物,也可作为乙烯三聚合的助催化剂。
有两类铝氧烷:一类是可用式-〔R-Al-O〕n-表示的环式铝氧烷;另一类是可用式R-〔R-Al-O〕n-AlR2表示的链式铝氧烷。
下列方程式可以描述环式铝氧烷的合成:
在大气压下,温度从大约0℃至大约100℃,最好从大约5℃至大约15℃,可以进行上述典型的水解反应。例如,将水加到三烷基铝在无水惰性有机溶剂的溶液中。按溶液的总重计,铝化合物的浓度从大约5%-75%(重量)之间变化。水最好缓慢地但是一次加入,同时剧烈的搅拌和冷却。当停止起泡时,就认为反应已完成。
另一种制备铝氧烷的方法是利用金属盐的水合物,例如向10%三异丁基铝的庚烷溶液中加入约0.1-0.16摩尔的固体硫酸镁七水合物。混合物剧烈搅拌直到停止起泡,通常要过夜或需更长的时间。
溶液在惰性气体如氩的气氛下储存。
适合溶剂的例子有:庚烷、己烷、戊烷、异辛烷、纯化的煤油、环戊烷、环己烷、甲基环戊烷和二甲基环戊烷。发现在某些情况下使用1-己烯是有利的。苯、甲苯和二甲苯也可以使用,但不推荐。
可用的烃基铝化合物的例子有:三异丁基铝、三己基铝、二氢化异丁基铝、二氢化己基铝、氢化二异丁基铝、氢化二己基铝物、二异丁基己基铝、异丁基二己基铝、三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三丙基铝、三异丙基铝、三正丁基铝、三辛基铝、三癸基铝、三(十二烷基)铝、三苄基铝、三苯基铝、三萘基铝、和三甲苯基铝。较好的烃基铝是:三异丁基铝、三己基铝、氢化二异丁基铝和氢化二己基铝。
由于完全水解的产物是水合的氧化铝,因此为保证均匀而又是不完全的水解,应对制备烷基铝的方法进行选择。不希望的完全水解,通常是由于规定水的浓度较高造成的,典型地水/铝的摩尔比约为1.5。
然而现有技术提供的方法具有许多缺点,这些缺点是:规定高水浓度的条件、对乙烯三聚合如此重要然而错定了的水解比、难于按比例放大和相当长的制备时间,以及利用水合盐所带来的废物流或再循环物流的问题。
因此本发明的目的,就是提供一种制备铝氧烷的方法,此方法可以克服上面列举的现有技术的缺点。在以下的叙述中将会明显地看出本发明的其它目的与优点。
按照本发明,已发现一种制备铝氧烷的方法,此方法包括:在反应条件下。在搅动的烃基铝化合物溶液表面的下方,通入至少一条水的液流,通入的方式是使水流一接触溶液就能基本上立即被分散。
更具体地说,此方法包括:在反应条件下将水通入搅动的烃基铝化合物溶液,水是通过至少一根管子通入的。此管的出口是在溶液表面的下方。其中
(ⅰ)用至少带有一根桨叶的搅拌装置搅动溶液;和
(ⅱ)此管的出口是位于非常靠近桨叶的地方,因而桨叶产生的剪切力可以使水流一离开出口就基本上立即被分散。
本申请的单页附图是设备示意图,在此设备中可以实施本发明的方法。
铝氧烷也称之为Aluninoxane,是烃基铝化合物与水的反应产物。它们通常是聚烷基铝氧烷(Poly-alkylaluminoxane),是从多烷基铝化合物,一般是三烷基铝化合物衍生而来,尽管正如已指出的,三芳基铝化合物和氢化烷基铝也可以使用。在前也提到了较好的烃基铝化合物。
最好使用去离子水和蒸馏水,以避免把杂质带入体系中。在本方法中可使用的水/铝摩尔比(水解比)要保持在约0.5∶1至约1.1∶1的范围内,最好保持在约0.8∶1至约0.9∶1的范围内。最佳比值约为0.85∶1。当铝氧烷在乙烯三聚合过程中用作催化剂时,认为这些摩尔比是特别有效的。
用作烃基铝的溶剂也要求其纯度比较高。上面已提到这些溶剂。一般说来,以溶剂重量为基准,烃基铝化合物在溶液中含量为大约5-40%,最好在约10-20%的范围内。
此方法要在惰性气体的气氛中进行,所得到铝氧烷也要保存在惰性气氛中。间歇操作或连续操作均可采用。
因为反应是强烈放热的,因此需要冷却装置以减慢反应。反应通常保持在大约5-70℃的温度范围内,最好在大约5-20℃的温度范围内。反应的压力通常保持在大约2-10Psig范围内,最好在大约2-5Psig范围内。
此方法是向剧烈搅动的烃基铝溶液中直接加入液相的水。水是通过一根或多根细管通入,以便水一与烃基铝溶液接触就立即分散。这些细管的直径范围是从约1/8英寸到细的毛细管尺寸,毛细管尺寸为大约1/16至1/32英寸。通常在小试规模,一根管就够了。但在按比例放大时,可以采用两根、三根或多根细管。
管的出口位于最接近搅拌装置的桨叶处,这搅拌装置可以是推进器、搅拌器或其它带桨叶的装置。桨叶的强剪切作用,使水一流出时就被连续彻底地吹扫水的出口。这种立即的分散使得局部集中高水浓度的现象得以避免或减至最小。为提供连续的吹扫,水的流速、桨叶的数目和每分钟转数(RPM)要进行调配。这种调配是本领域熟练技术人员的本行技艺范围内。
下面参考附图:
附图展示了实施本发明方法的典型设备。此设备包括:围有冷却夹套24的玻璃混合槽20;连接于搅拌器25的桨叶23;与管22相连接的喷射泵21;和阀1-12,这些阀控制气体或液体经由管22和各条未标号管线的通路。来自冷却浴(未示出)的冷却流体(如矿物油)在夹套24内循环。用喷射泵21将去离子水经由1/8英寸不锈钢管22打入混合槽20。管22的出口结构最好能使水从管22喷入溶液中。在靠近管的入口处,将低压抽送
气通入水流中,以有助于喷入。这喷入水流依次
到接近或贴近桨叶23在溶液表面下方的剧烈搅拌的高切变区,通常是在推进器桨叶的尖端处。
结合附图和上面描述的设备,本方法的典型操作程序如下:
用
气清扫设备。打开阀3、4和7,保持通过管22的连续氮气清扫,以防止烃基铝进入此管。烃基铝溶液通过阀9加压打入槽20内。搅拌器25在450rpm下运转,它有两个上桨叶和两个下桨叶。夹套24的温度使达到0℃。烃基铝溶液的温度允许达到5°-15℃。利用阀1、2、4、5和6的打开和关闭。使去离子水以0.1cm3/分的速度经由管22通入槽20中。经阀8通入的清扫氮气用于气提水与三异丁基铝反应放出的例如异丁烷。在10°-25℃,搅拌溶液一小时,然后排放。
重要的工艺参数有:给水速率;反应温度;水解比;再分配温度,即加水后溶液搅拌时的温度;和搅拌速度。搅拌速度与给水速度及反应温度有关。当提高搅拌速度和/或增加搅拌桨叶数目时,可加快供水速率。
在以下的实施例中,举证了按本发明制造的铝氧烷,用来制备的铝基催化剂的选择性。
实例1-8
使用催化剂组分的全部操作都是在氩气惰性气氛中进行。庚烷首先在浓硫酸中搅拌两天,以除去水、芳族化合物和其它不饱和物,然后储存在氩气中,并在使用前烃来自氢化钙或钠钾合金的氩气下的蒸馏。庚烷还可进行如下纯化;例如在催化剂存在下的加氢和
之的通过13-X分子筛的纯化。其它添加剂可用常规方法纯化,如,一甘醇二甲醚
(monoglyme)经来自金属钠的氩气下的蒸馏,并储存在有分子筛的暗处。乙烯纯度是聚合级的。按聚合工艺要求进行纯化,并通过分子筛进一步干燥。
通常三(2-乙基己酸)铬(Ⅲ)是从无水氢化铬(Ⅲ)和2-乙基己酸按如下方法制备:将大约110立方厘米(CC.)2-乙基己酸加热至130℃,并用氩气鼓泡约2小时,以驱除任何残存的水。冷却至80℃后,在20分钟内加入11.2克无水的
化铬(Ⅲ)。在6.5小时内使混合物温度慢慢升至230℃然后冷却。接着在160℃大约1毫米汞柱的真空下搅拌混合物,以驱除未反应的酸和其它挥发物。于是得到玻璃状绿色固体。用每份100CC。二乙醚从未反应的氯化铬(Ⅲ)和其它不溶物中提取产品。然后过滤并在真空下抽提。
使用从制造商得到的三异丁基铝。按上面介绍的程序,用20%(重量)的三异丁基铝的庚烷溶液制备三异丁基铝氧烷。按此程序,制备是在附图和前面介绍的设备中进行。
三(2-乙基己酸)铬(Ⅲ)在氩气下溶于约50毫升庚烷中,置于经预干燥的300毫升不锈钢高压釜中,并向其中加入铝氧烷溶液,接着加入配位体添加物以提供一定的配位体/铬的比值。高压釜用氩气继之用乙烯彻底排气净扫,然后充入乙烯加压。加热高压釜至所需温度(见下)和继续充入乙烯,使高压釜达到所需的最终压力,其范围是400-500Psig。乙烯的消耗降低了压力,反复充入乙烯再加压。通常乙烯的消耗速度是在约100℃每克铬每小时2000克。
冷却后,过量的乙烯被排放、收集和定量。乙烯的消耗由反应前后的重量来确定,未反应的乙烯可以反应器排入液氮阱中来测定。从聚合物和催化剂残余物中蒸出挥发性产品,用以环己烷为内标的气相色谱仪测定。因为聚合物混有催化剂残余物,因而不能直接定量,但可从差值求得。此差值可从称出聚合物与催化剂残余物的重量和从不挥发产品的总重中减去催化剂残余来估算。将选择性归一化为100%。引入高压釜的组分要提供,大约0.1毫摩的铬、5.0毫摩的(铝+水)、铝/铬的摩尔比为50-1和配位体添加物/铬的摩尔比约为11。三聚合反应在大约75毫升庚烷溶剂中在约95℃温度下完成。所选的温度可得到适宜的反应速度。
以消耗乙烯的重量计,总化合量的至少98%(重量)为含有1-己烯和聚乙烯的产品,产品中的其余部分有代表性的是未定的辛烯类、1-丁烯和顺式与反式的2-丁烯。
在表中列出了工艺参数和结果,对它们含义解释如下:
1.给水速率是在铝氧烷制备步骤中的加入水的速率。是以每分钟立方厘米数给出的数值。
2.反应温度(用℃表示)是在混合槽中在三异丁基铝/水反应时所保持的温度。
3.再分配温度是铝氧烷制备步骤中的第15步中的温度,即加水后溶液搅拌时的温度。
4.正如已指出的,水解比是水的摩尔数与铝的摩尔数之比值。此比值是铝氧烷制备步骤所使用的比值,因此也是在三聚合反应中所使用的在三异丁基铝氧烷中的比值。
5.制得量是用在铝氧烷制备步骤中所制得的聚异丁基铝氧烷的20%(重量)庚烷溶液的升数表示的。
6.根据(ⅰ)消耗乙烯的重量或(ⅱ)1-己烯的重量除以1-己烯+聚合物的重量,可计算对单独1-己烯的选择性,商数乘以100%。选择性是以重量百分数给出的。
7.活性是以每磅三异丁基铝每小时生产1-己烯的磅数来表示的。
表
活性
(磅数/
给水 反应 水解比 再分配 制得量 选择性 磅催化剂
实例号速率 温度 (摩尔比) 温度 (升) (%重量)/小时)
(CC/分)(℃) (℃)
1 0.11 7 0.80 10 2.5 65 98
2 0.11 10 0.85 12 1.5 81 66
3 0.11 14 0.85 13 1.5 72 -
4 0.11 13 0.83 15 1.5 79 49
5 0.11 16 0.85 14 1.5 75 39
6 0.11 12 0.85 12 1.5 74 50
7 0.11 16 0.83 13 1.5 78 50
8 0.11 16 0.85 15 1.5 75 52
Claims (6)
1、铝氧烷的制备方法,此方法包括:在反应条件下向搅动的烃基铝化合物的溶液通入水,水经由至少一根管通入,此管的出口在溶液表面的下方,其中:
(i)用具有至少一个桨叶的搅拌装置来搅动溶液;
(ii)管子的出口位于如此接近桨叶的地方,以致于水一离开出口就基本上立即被桨叶产生的剪切力所分散。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于水/铝的摩尔比保持在大约0.5∶1-大约1.1∶1的范围内。
3、根据要求1的方法,其特征在于该溶剂是一种液态烃,它对烃基铝化合物与水的反应无活性。
4、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于烃基铝为:三烷基铝、三芳基铝、二氢化烷基铝或氢化烷基铝。
5、根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于水/铝的摩尔比保持在大约0.8∶1-大约0.90∶1。
6、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于以溶剂的重量为基,烃基铝化合物在溶液中含量约为5-40%(重量)。
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US124084 | 1987-11-23 | ||
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US (1) | US4772736A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0317955B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0720972B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1017431B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE130300T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8806116A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1310015C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3854690T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2079354T3 (zh) |
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KR930002411B1 (ko) * | 1988-09-14 | 1993-03-30 | 미쓰이세끼유 가가꾸고오교오 가부시끼가이샤 | 벤젠불용성 유기알루미늄 옥시화합물 및 그 제조방법 |
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AU624219B2 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1992-06-04 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Process for preparation of aluminoxane |
JP2752695B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-25 | 1998-05-18 | 出光興産株式会社 | アルミノキサンの乾燥方法およびポリマーの製造方法 |
US4968827A (en) * | 1989-06-06 | 1990-11-06 | Ethyl Corporation | Alkylaluminoxane process |
US4924018A (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1990-05-08 | Ethyl Corporation | Alkylaluminoxane process |
DE3932181A1 (de) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-04 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyolefins |
DE4004477A1 (de) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-22 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von loesungen oligomerer methylaluminoxane |
US5003095A (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-03-26 | Ethyl Corporation | Process for preparing methylaluminoxanes |
US5206401A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1993-04-27 | Akzo Chemicals Inc. | Method of making alkylaluminoxane |
US5041585A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-08-20 | Texas Alkyls, Inc. | Preparation of aluminoxanes |
US5099050A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1992-03-24 | Ethyl Corporation | Preparation of aluminoxanes |
US5235081A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-08-10 | Ethyl Corporation | Method of removing gel forming materials from methylaluminoxanes |
US5157137A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1992-10-20 | Ethyl Corporation | Method of making gel free alkylaluminoxane solutions |
US5157008A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-10-20 | Ethyl Corporation | Hydrocarbon solutions of alkylaluminoxane compounds |
US5811618A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1998-09-22 | Amoco Corporation | Ethylene trimerization |
US5248801A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1993-09-28 | Ethyl Corporation | Preparation of methylaluminoxanes |
DE4314986A1 (de) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-11-10 | Witco Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminoxanen |
DE69422462T2 (de) * | 1993-09-20 | 2000-05-31 | Albemarle Corp., Baton Rouge | Aluminoxanen mit einer erhöhten katalytischen Aktivität |
DE4336659A1 (de) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-04 | Witco Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkylaluminoxanen auf inerten Trägermaterialien |
CN1047388C (zh) * | 1995-07-14 | 1999-12-15 | 中国石油化工总公司 | 负载型金属茂类化合物/铝氧烷催化剂的制备 |
US5599964A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-02-04 | Albemarle Corporation | Continuous process for preparing hydrocarbylaluminoxanes |
US5663394A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1997-09-02 | Albemarle Corporation | High yield aluminoxane synthesis process |
US5606087A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-02-25 | Albemarle Corporation | Process for making aluminoxanes |
US8007758B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2011-08-30 | Eth Zurich | Metal delivery system for nanoparticle manufacture |
US7879303B2 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2011-02-01 | Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich | Flame synthesis of metal salt nanoparticles, in particular calcium and phosphate comprising nanoparticles |
WO2006084390A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Eth Zurich | Antimicrobial and antifungal powders made by flame spray pyrolysis |
US9242226B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2016-01-26 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for the dehydration of aqueous bio-derived terminal alcohols to terminal alkenes |
US8969636B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2015-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Homogeneous metallocene ziegler-natta catalysts for the oligomerization of olefins in aliphatic-hydrocarbon solvents |
US8912373B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2014-12-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for the dehydration of aqueous bio-derived terminal alcohols to terminal alkenes |
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CN102190677B (zh) * | 2010-03-03 | 2013-07-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种雾化合成装置及其在烷基铝氧烷合成方面的应用 |
WO2013106065A1 (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-18 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Homogeneous metallocene ziegler-natta catalysts for the oligomerization of olefins in aliphatic-hydrocarbon solvents |
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JPH01165590A (ja) | 1989-06-29 |
ATE130300T1 (de) | 1995-12-15 |
BR8806116A (pt) | 1989-08-15 |
EP0317955A3 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
DE3854690T2 (de) | 1996-06-05 |
DE3854690D1 (de) | 1995-12-21 |
US4772736A (en) | 1988-09-20 |
JPH0720972B2 (ja) | 1995-03-08 |
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EP0317955B1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
CN1033810A (zh) | 1989-07-12 |
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