CN101715388A - 接合部件的补偿元件 - Google Patents

接合部件的补偿元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101715388A
CN101715388A CN200880016703A CN200880016703A CN101715388A CN 101715388 A CN101715388 A CN 101715388A CN 200880016703 A CN200880016703 A CN 200880016703A CN 200880016703 A CN200880016703 A CN 200880016703A CN 101715388 A CN101715388 A CN 101715388A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
compensating element
parts
sleeve
otch
heating element
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Granted
Application number
CN200880016703A
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English (en)
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CN101715388B (zh
Inventor
F·迈耶
R·利克特布劳
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Friedrich Co Ltd
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Friatec AG
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Publication of CN101715388A publication Critical patent/CN101715388A/zh
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Publication of CN101715388B publication Critical patent/CN101715388B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3428—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having a waveform, e.g. a sinusoidal form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/362—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3628—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having a waveform, e.g. a sinusoidal form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/364—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • B29C66/91645—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3444—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3452—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip forming a sleeve, e.g. a wrap-around sleeve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的补偿元件，补偿元件设计为中空圆柱体(40)，补偿元件的至少一些部分是锥形的并且具有至少一个加热元件(50、52、54、56、58、58′)，当为至少一个加热元件提供能量时，其加热补偿元件内表面(44)或外表面(46)或两个表面的至少一些区域，以在部件之间产生焊接接合。所述补偿元件特征在于，提供了切口(70、72、74、76、80)，切口开始于中空主体(40)的每个外边缘(60、62)，至少一部分切口(70、72、76)延伸至或超过补偿元件保证柔性的平面(64、66、68)。本发明还涉及一种方法，其中使用了包括外护套和至少一个补偿元件的套筒。

Description

接合部件的补偿元件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的补偿元件，补偿元件至少部分构造为锥形中空圆柱体，包括至少一个加热元件，当为至少一个加热元件提供能量时，其加热补偿元件内表面、外表面、或两个表面的至少一些区域，以与所述部件产生焊接接合。
背景技术
这种也称为加热套筒或焊接用套筒的补偿元件早已为人所熟知。它们主要用于制造塑料管之间或塑料管和它们的配件之间的不可分离接合。
例如，FR-A-1 416 217示出了如何借助于包括加热元件的锥形套筒来焊接两个管。管本身具有与加热套筒内侧和外侧的锥度匹配的锥度。
DE-A-24 19 893公开了借助于双套筒的管接头，双套筒的内侧构造成截锥形。待接合的管从其两端被推进所述双套筒，并借助于锥形接合元件焊接在一起，锥形接合元件被称为焊接接头或焊接元件，但是，没有详细描述。
与在FR-A-1 416 207中相似，在根据DE-A-34 22 074的方法中，管和套筒锥形地校准，其中根据之后待插入的加热套筒的大小设计管和套筒之间的公差空隙的尺寸。
JP-B-52 066 532也示出了锥形焊接用套筒，其中设置了连续的狭长切口，狭长切口的径向尺寸可以更改。
另一种锥形焊接用套筒示于US 3 061 503中，锥形焊接用套筒可以形成为具有穿孔或形成为网状物。
特别是从WO 02/11973中熟知一种在引言中说明的补偿元件或套筒，用于接合燃料管线的管与燃料箱。补偿元件在其外表面和其内表面上都具有所述加热元件，并且补偿元件被引入待接合在一起的部件之间的环形空隙，于是产生焊接。
DE 10 81 288公开了一种方法，该方法借助于插入楔形焊接外套来接合管和套筒。从而，外套的锥形外表面与套筒的锥形内表面配合，使得在管、套筒和外套配合地插在一起后，外套延伸超过套筒几毫米。在焊接过程中，外套借助于夹具被压入套筒的锥体。
这种补偿元件已经完美的证明了它们对于小管直径的价值。但是，对于较大的可能完全在1000mm或以上量级的管直径，制造公差很大以至在部件之间出现空隙，即使空隙不妨碍密封焊接，也使密封焊接的难度加大，而这是在不考虑套筒的锥度的情况下，而且也没有对待接合部件预先校准的情况下提供了一定的公差补偿。例如如果管不规则的时候，问题会更严重。
发明内容
这个问题由套筒技术解决，套筒技术使用具有权利要求1的特征的补偿元件。优选的实施方式是从属权利要求的主题内容。用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的方法是权利要求11至14的主题内容，其中使用了根据本发明的补偿元件。
这种套筒技术的补偿元件的特征在于，开始于每个外边缘的切口基本在轴向方向制造，其中所述切口的至少一部分延伸到接近或超过补偿元件保证柔性的平面。为了避免在切口的不利布置的情况下，存在环绕所述补偿元件的区域(其中该区域对补偿元件的柔性带来不利的影响)，预先限定了保证柔性的平面，该平面作为补偿元件的横截面，包括完整的圆或完整的椭圆，因此，该平面的表面法线平行于中空主体的中心轴线或与中心轴线成一定角度。由于制造的原因，而且考虑到所述切口的制造，保证柔性的平面的表面法线将规则地平行于中空主体的中心轴线延伸，使得平面本身平行于中空主体的外边缘。例如，保证柔性的平面可以是中空主体的赤道面。
总是有必要的是，一部分所述切口至少延伸到接近或超过保证柔性的平面。从而通过有目的的在轴向方向引导切口，补偿元件变得足够柔性，使得补偿元件可以说在所述管中行进以接近任何出现的空隙。照这种方式，相对于标准的套筒焊接过程也就是双焊接，即在补偿元件的两侧都焊接的所说的不利之处得到补偿，使得由于较小的空隙，焊接时段变得相当短。
此外，即使特殊的管，例如多层管、复合管等，由于它们相应的设计补偿或桥接件，只有由于热膨胀形成的小的空隙，因而能够通过新的套筒技术容易地焊接。
根据优选实施方式，开始于第一外边缘的切口布置成在补偿元件的周向方向相对于开始于第二外边缘的切口偏移，更优选的是以交替的方式偏移，在交替中，来自所述第一外边缘的切口延伸至或超过保证柔性的平面，然后是开始于所述第二外边缘的切口，再是开始于第一外边缘的切口，等等。
切口可以布置成垂直于相应的外边缘延伸或倾斜于外边缘延伸。切口可以具有同样的或不同的长度，例如，切口可以设置为仅每隔一个或每隔两个切口从外边缘之一延伸超过保证柔性的平面。
此外，切口的形状至多受到制造限制。切口可以是直线的或弯曲的，切口可以包括沿着其行程的同样的宽度或变化的宽度。如果切口形成为具有钥匙孔状轮廓时，已证明得到最好的结果。
金属网格、金属绞合线、金属微粒或金属线适合作为加热元件，而且由导电塑料制成的层或导体也适合于作为加热元件，其中借助于电流、感应或微波技术产生施加的能量。
优选地，该至少一个加热元件是螺旋状加热元件或加热盘管，以利用已有技术。为了提供足够的加热区域，适于以蛇曲方式在切口之间引导加热盘管。这可以通过以如下方式引导所述蛇曲来完成：金属丝的主要长度基本上在赤道面的方向上延伸，或者该主要长度基本上垂直于赤道面。
因此，加热元件可以形成为双线元件，其中用于提供能量的接触端点互相靠近设置。
可以使用多个加热元件，可以独立于另外的加热元件被供给能量。
优选地，补偿元件与外护套结合使用以提供套筒，其中这里的套筒可以理解为用于连续地接合例如两个管的部件。外护套主要在长度上可变，并因此是通用的。例如外护套也能够用于使非缠绕式T形件与管接合。外护套也能够以这样的方式构造：护套角布置成相互间成一定角度。而且，护套(如外护套)的端部可以具有不同的内径。为了分支复数个管线可以用Y-形或T-形护套。在所述外护套中在外侧以及内侧可以形成邻接，例如以法兰盘的形式，其提供了在外护套中部件采用限定的位置。采用纤维增强外护套对于高压应用是合适的。外护套和补偿元件本身是易熔塑料，该易熔塑料与部件的易熔塑料是相容的。
一种用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)提供套筒，套筒包括外护套和包括在权利要求1至10中任一项的补偿元件；
b)在部件上滑动所述套筒，其中所述外护套和所述补偿元件在轴向方向上相对滑动，使部件和补偿元件之间的空隙以及补偿元件和外护套之间的空隙最小化；
c)为所述补偿元件的内表面的加热元件提供能量，以将所述部件和所述补偿元件焊接在一起；
d)为所述补偿元件的外表面的加热元件提供能量，以将所述外护套和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
步骤c)和步骤d)能够同时执行或甚至交换执行。
在这种方法中，步骤c)能够包括子步骤
c1)为所述补偿元件内表面的加热元件提供第一数量能量，以预热所述部件；以及
c2)为所述补偿元件内表面的所述加热元件提供第二数量能量，以将所述部件和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
相似地，步骤d)能够包括子步骤
d1)为所述补偿元件的外表面的加热元件提供第一数量能量，以预热所述外护套；以及
d2)为所述补偿元件的外表面的加热元件提供第二数量能量，以将所述部件和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
从而，存在借助于引入热量而轴向移动楔形补偿元件以支持部件匹配的可能性，而不需要圆压板。此外，不再需要消除椭圆度，如在现有技术中的，消除椭圆度的不利之处在于会削弱部件。
另一种用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的方法，该方法可以用于维修和随后的安装，包括如下步骤：
a)提供套筒，套筒包括外护套和两个包括在权利要求1至10中任一项的补偿元件；
b)在第一部件上整个地滑动所述套筒；
c)使第二部件邻接所述第一部件；
d)在轴向方向上滑动所述套筒，横跨所述第一部件和所述第二部件之间的邻接位置，使得所述补偿元件中的一个与所述第一部件重叠，所述补偿元件中的另一个与所述第二部件重叠；
e)同时或依顺序在轴向方向上使所述补偿元件相向滑动；以及
f)同时或依顺序向所述补偿元件的内表面和外表面的加热元件提供能量，以将所述第一部件、所述套筒和所述第二部件焊接在一起。
在此“整个地滑动”意味着所述外护套与两个补偿元件都位于所述第一部件上。
例如，如果必须维修管线，那么可以扯掉显示出泄露的区域，随后在两个暴露的管端部上滑动相应的套筒。然后在两个所述管端部之间引入维修件，随后，如在步骤d)中描述的，在管端部和维修件的邻接位置上滑动套筒。可以机械地或液压地产生补偿元件的移动，使得补偿元件变成楔形。可以插入T形件或另一种部件，替换所述维修件。
附图说明
在下文中，将参照附图对本发明进行说明，其中：
图1示意性地示出了当管插入连接件时组装空隙是如何出现的；
图2示出了套筒技术的使用；
图3是构造为滑动套筒的锥形补偿元件的纵剖面视图；
图4是根据本发明的补偿元件的第一实施方式的透视图；
图5是根据本发明的补偿元件的第二实施方式的透视图；
图6是根据本发明的补偿元件的第三实施方式的透视图；
图7是根据本发明的补偿元件的第四实施方式的透视图；
图8是优选的切口的几何形状的俯视图；
图9是根据本发明的补偿元件的透视图，其中使用了根据本发明的第一实施方式的加热盘管装置；
图10是用于图8的补偿元件的加热盘管的详细视图；
图11示出了模块化的加热盘管装置；以及
图12示出了根据图4的补偿元件，其中引入了根据本发明第二实施方式的加热盘管装置。
附图是示意图，不一定按比例绘制。
具体实施方式
图1非常示意性地示出了部分切掉的管1，管1插入连接件或套筒主体2中。由于制造公差和组装条件，通常在管1和连接件2之间出现组装空隙3，其中管1和连接件2必须封闭以实现密封的接合。为了将管1与连接件或套筒主体2接合，如图2所示，首先圆锥型的补偿元件4即滑动套筒在管1上滑动，随之连接件2放在管1上。补偿元件4被引入管1和连接件2之间的接合区域，并焊接在接合区域。
能够用作滑动套筒的补偿元件4的基本几何形状以纵剖面视图示于图3。补偿元件4包括锥形中空圆柱体40，其中圆柱体40环绕其中心轴线42轴向对称。内表面44平行于中心轴线42，而外表面46相对于中心轴线42以特定角度延伸。至少一个加热元件50、52分别设在中空主体40的内表面44和外表面46上，其中加热元件以点划线或双点划线分别示意性示出。金属网格、金属绞合线、金属微粒或金属线都适于作为加热元件，而且由导电塑料制成的层或导体也适于作为加热元件。补偿元件4还可以整个由导电塑料组成。分别为内表面44和外表面46提供加热元件50或52是合适的，其中内表面和外表面能够被独立提供能量，但是也能够在加热元件50和52之间提供导电接触以确保它们仅被共同提供能量。
在下文中只要讨论了术语“底部边缘”和“顶部边缘”，在观察附图时，它们都分别意味着分别在补偿元件底部或顶部的外部边缘。因此，补偿元件的底部边缘是锥形中空主体具有较大半径的边缘，顶部边缘是具有较小半径的边缘。
图4示出了根据本发明第一实施方式的补偿元件。开始于底部边缘60的切口70形成在锥形中空主体40中，从内表面44至外表面46的所述切口朝着顶部边缘62连续延伸，但是在顶部边缘之前终止，它们至少延伸超过赤道面64，赤道面即为平分中空主体的长度并且垂直于中心轴线42(图3)延伸的平面。类似地，形成了开始于中空主体40顶部边缘62、朝着底部边缘60延伸的切口72，切口72在底部边缘60之前终止，但是，仍延伸超过赤道面64。切口70和切口72都分别垂直于中空主体40的底部边缘60和顶部边缘62延伸。从而，切口70和72交替环绕中空主体40的周边。
虽然在图4的实施方式中，所有的切口70、72都被形成为具有同样的长度，但是图5的实施方式包括切口74，切口74显然比切口70和72短，并且也没有延伸到赤道面64。这些较短的切口74用来改进补偿元件在底部边缘60区域的柔性，而基本上不会削减补偿元件的整体强度。
如已经在引言中说明的，重要的是不会在中空主体任何地方产生几乎不会变形的封闭连续的“环”。图4和图5的实施方式通过使开始于不同方向的切口70和72分别延伸超过赤道面64来确保这一点。在特定的情况下，例如对于厚度相对小的壁，可以设想在确保柔性平面前终止切口，从而保持了封闭的“环”，但是环也可以变形。
另一种实施方式示于图6，其中倾斜延伸的切口76、78分别朝相对边缘延伸并从而超过柔性平面66，柔性平面位于赤道面64下方。这种平面不必垂直于中空主体40的中心轴线42(图3)，而可以相对于中心轴线倾斜。这种情况示于图7，其中，保证柔性的平面68及其表面法线分别相对于中心轴线成一定角度，从而平面68不平行于中空主体40的底部边缘60或顶部边缘62延伸。如果在两个部件之间待接合的某些区域中需要特别大的焊接面积时，这种装置是有利的。
如前面所示出的，在根据本发明的补偿元件的实施方式中，切口图示为具有平行限制壁的细长槽。大体而言，不同构造的槽是可行的，它们可以朝中空主体的底部边缘或顶部边缘张开，可以具有不同的宽度等。已经证明了以图8所示的方式构造切口特别有利。此处在俯视图中切口90是钥匙孔状的，即开始于例如中空主体40的底部边缘，切口90朝着保证柔性的平面渐缩，并展开到圆形切除部分92，切除部分92基本上用于装载在组装期间已经被移出的材料。
图9示出了与图4相似的补偿元件的实施方式，其中相应的加热盘管54和56被应用到内表面44和外表面46，并且环绕中空主体40的周边被蛇曲状地引导。在这种实施方式中，该蛇曲以这样的方式引导：使得加热盘管金属丝的主要长度基本上在中心轴线42(图3)的方向上或分别在切口70、72的纵向方向上延伸。这种构造具有的优点在于补偿元件的几乎整个表面都能够被加热金属丝占据，但是这种构造难以制造，因为必须经常引导用于插入加热盘管的工具环绕180°的翻转。
图10示出了构造为双线元件的加热盘管，其中用于提供能量的接触端点互相接近放置。
如图11示出的，这允许加热盘管的模块化构造，模块化构造可以为多个加热盘管提供能量，并且可以用于互相独立的焊接。
在图12示出了在切口70、72之间引导具有加热金属线蛇曲状形式的加热元件58、58′的进一步可行性，图12示出了根据图4的补偿元件。在此，金属线的主要长度基本上朝着赤道面64延伸。因为不用提供180°的翻转，除了转向弯曲，这种构造对于工具技术而言更容易实现。因此，与在补偿元件的外表面46上的加热元件一致地引导在补偿元件的内表面44上的加热元件。实际上，虽然附图上示出了五个等距离延伸的加热金属丝引导件，但是可以理解实际上能并排布置许多金属线以得到安全焊接所需的焊接区域。
在前述的说明书中、权利要求中和/或附图中所公开的特征不仅可以单个地实现本发明，而且可以以任意组合实现本发明。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的补偿元件，所述补偿元件的至少一些部分形成为锥形中空圆柱体(40)，所述中空圆柱体包括至少一个加热元件(50、52、54、56、58、58′)，当为所述至少一个加热元件提供能量时，其加热所述补偿元件的内表面(44)、外表面(46)或两个表面的至少一些区域以与所述部件产生焊接接合，其特征在于，开始于所述中空主体(40)的每个外边缘(60、62)的切口(70、72、74、76、78)形成于所述中空主体中，其中至少一部分所述切口(70、72、76)延伸接近或超过保证所述补偿元件柔性的平面(64、66、68)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，开始于第一外边缘(60)的所述切口(70、74)在周向方向相对于开始于第二外边缘(62)的切口(72)偏移。
3.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，所述切口(70、72、74)垂直于所述外边缘(60、62)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，所述切口(90)至少部分形成有钥匙孔状轮廓(90、92)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，由金属网格、金属绞合线、金属微粒或金属线或由导电塑料制成的层或导体设置为所述加热元件，或者所述中空主体(40)包括导电塑料，其中借助于电流、感应或微波技术产生能量供给。
6.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，所述至少一个加热元件(50、52、54、56、58、58′)是加热盘管。
7.根据权利要求6所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，所述加热盘管以蛇曲状方式在所述切口(70、72)之间引导。
8.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，所述加热元件构造为双线元件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，其包括复数个加热元件，其能独立于另外的加热零件被供给能量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的补偿元件，其特征在于，补偿元件由易熔塑料制成，特别是由聚烯烃例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯制成。
11.一种用于接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)提供套筒，套筒包括外护套和包括在权利要求1至10任一项的补偿元件(4)；
b)在部件上滑动所述套筒(4)，其中所述外护套和所述补偿元件在轴向方向上相对滑动，将部件和补偿元件之间的空隙以及补偿元件和外护套之间的空隙最小化；
c)为所述补偿元件内表面(44)的加热元件(50、54、58)提供能量，以将所述部件和所述补偿元件焊接在一起；
d)为所述补偿元件外表面(46)的加热元件(52、56、58′)提供能量，以将所述外护套和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤c)包括如下步骤：
c1)为所述补偿元件内表面(44)的加热元件(50、54、58)提供第一数量能量，以预热所述第一部件；
c2)为所述补偿元件内表面的加热元件(50、54、58)提供第二数量能量，以将所述第一部件和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤d)包括如下步骤：
d1)为补偿元件外表面(46)的加热元件(52、56、58′)提供第一数量能量，以预热外护套；以及
d2)为所述补偿元件外表面的加热元件(52、56、58′)提供第二数量能量，以将所述外护套和所述补偿元件焊接在一起。
14.一种接合由易熔塑料制成的部件的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)提供套筒，套筒包括外护套和两个包括在权利要求1至10任一项的补偿元件；
b)在第一部件上整个地滑动所述套筒；
c)使第二部件邻接所述第一部件；
d)在轴向方向上滑动所述套筒，横跨所述第一部件和所述第二部件之间的邻接位置，使得所述补偿元件中的一个与所述第一部件重叠，所述补偿元件中的另一个与所述第二部件重叠；
e)同时或依顺序地在轴向方向上使所述补偿元件相向滑动；以及
f)同时或依顺序向所述补偿元件内表面和外表面的加热元件提供能量，以将所述第一部件、所述套筒和第二部件焊接在一起。
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WO2008113488A3 (de) 2009-01-22

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