CN114770958A - 电熔合带 - Google Patents

电熔合带 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114770958A
CN114770958A CN202210395743.8A CN202210395743A CN114770958A CN 114770958 A CN114770958 A CN 114770958A CN 202210395743 A CN202210395743 A CN 202210395743A CN 114770958 A CN114770958 A CN 114770958A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heating element
sheath
electrofusion
contact
tape
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Pending
Application number
CN202210395743.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
A.布鲁内尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG
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Publication of CN114770958A publication Critical patent/CN114770958A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3456—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3488—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being an electrically conductive polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3492—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7314—Electrical and dielectric properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
    • F16L3/08—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/10—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing divided, i.e. with two or more members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/11—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing divided, i.e. with two or more members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing and hanging from a pendant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3412—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3416—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint

Abstract

本申请涉及电熔合带。本发明涉及一种用于与塑料管一起焊接、特别是用于固定点紧固件的电熔合带及其生产方法，所述电熔合带由以下组成：优选地电绝缘塑料材料的护套元件、导电塑料材料的至少一个加热元件、以及用于向所述加热元件供电的至少两个接触元件，其中所述护套元件和所述加热元件采用带的形式，其中所述护套元件至少部分地围绕所述加热元件，其中所述接触元件布置在所述加热元件的互相相对的边缘区域中并且沿所述加热元件彼此平行地延伸。

Description

电熔合带
技术领域
本发明涉及用于与塑料管一起焊接、特别是用于固定点紧固件的电熔合带，其由以下组成：优选地电绝缘塑料材料的护套元件、导电塑料材料的至少一个加热元件、以及用于向加热元件供电的至少两个接触元件。本申请为分案申请，其母案申请号为201910456818.7，申请日为2019年6月29日，发明名称为“电熔合带”。
背景技术
此电熔合带在现有技术中用于例如将管夹固定在管上以确保防止轴向移位。在大多数情况下，固定点紧固件或固定点用于此目的，并且关于铺设或紧固管系统通常是已知的。利用此固定点紧固件，可以控制或防止塑料管中的轴向移动。固定点紧固件将塑料管细分成具有有限移动自由的小部分。在这种情况下，固定点紧固件必需适应塑料管的纵向膨胀力、流过其的介质的重量、以及塑料管的重量以及通过操作和维护所施加的任何类型的力。根据现有技术，固定点紧固件由以下组成：固定点管夹，其直接围绕管本身接合；或者配件，其施加到管并通过底板紧固到与管间隔开的建筑壁。为了防止轴向移位，限制止动件位于管夹旁边的两侧上，其中这些限制止动件大部分采用焊接套管或实际上模制部件的形式。
EP 0 430 866 A2和EP 0 414 641 A1公开了一种连接件，其被焊接到塑料管上并且然后被固定点紧固件的管夹包围。通过在上方布置横向珠直接用熔合带解决轴向限制止动件的问题，其中电熔合带使用焊丝对其进行加热。
这里的缺点是，特别是对于具有对应大管周长的大尺寸管，焊接所需的电压显著增加，这在职业安全方面是不利的。可替代地，在低电压下焊接时间极大地增加，这导致安装者的附加成本。此外，由于电源的接触点，每个管尺寸必须具有与管直径匹配的单独连接件，从而导致高的生产和仓储成本。此外，该结构需要具有适合直径的特殊非标准管夹，这又导致使产品提供有不必要的高抗弯性的部件几何形状。此外，借助于加热元件（丝）的加热不会导致焊接区的均匀加热。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种电熔合带及与其相关联的制造方法，其允许多用途使用并因此适用于所有管直径，并且是适当柔性的以允许简单和完美的配合安装，这又带来经济效益并简化生产方法，从而可以省去直径专用部件的生产并且以与直径无关的方式生产部件。
根据本发明实现了该目的，其中护套元件和加热元件采用带的形式，其中护套元件至少部分地围绕加热元件，其中接触元件布置在加热元件的互相相对的边缘区域中并且沿加热元件彼此平行地延伸。
根据本发明的电熔合带的特征在于，无论电熔合带的长度如何，成功焊接都需要相对较低的电压。因此，即使对于大管尺寸，焊接时间也与长度无关并且保持相对较短。此外，确保了加热元件的均匀加热，其均匀地熔合焊接区并由此减少焊接时间。
根据本发明的用于与塑料管一起焊接，特别是用于固定点紧固件的电熔合带包括优选地电绝缘塑料材料的护套元件。此外，根据本发明的电熔合带具有由导电塑料材料制成的至少一个加热元件。为了向加热元件供能，电熔合带具有至少两个接触元件。护套元件和加热元件采用带的形式，优选地是可以连续形式制造的带。护套元件至少部分地围绕加热元件，或者加热元件优选地由护套元件以这样的方式包围，即使得它以形状配合的方式在侧面以及顶部和底部被引导并且加热元件在护套元件中的移位仅在纵向方向上是可能的，其中在护套元件和加热元件共挤出的情况下，由于两个元件在接触区域中熔合在一起，因此也防止在纵向方向上的移位。接触元件布置在加热元件的相互相对的边缘区域中并且沿采用带的形式的加热元件延伸。加热元件可以由优选并行行进的多个加热元件形成，其可以各自具有两个接触元件或者代替地在其间共用一个接触元件，因此例如对于优选平行行进的两个加热元件存在三个接触元件。接触元件彼此平行延伸，其中两个接触元件之间的电流通过加热元件实现，该加热元件由导电塑料材料组成。因为加热元件仅由导电塑料材料组成，并且没有线或绞合线用于保证接触元件之间的电流，加热元件在使用时是柔性且柔韧的。
接触元件的比导电率优选高于加热元件的比导电率，优选为至少十倍，特别优选为至少一百倍；这实现了良好的电力供应并促进整个加热元件上的均匀能量输入。
已证明有利的是，导电塑料材料的加热元件具有为0.1-100 [Ω×cm]，优选为0.1-10 [Ω×cm]的比电阻（specific electrical resistance），这实现了加热元件的均匀加热。
接触元件优选由金属制成，其中铜是优选的。同样可能的是，接触元件由连续碳纤维组成或由具有碳纳米管、石墨、石墨烯或具有金属填料的导电塑料混合物组成。这些材料非常适合供能。除了高导电性之外，这些接触元件也可以被简单地引入加热元件中，接触元件优选地在挤出过程期间共同结合。
已经证明有利的是，接触元件采用线或线编织物的形式，其中其他构造也是可能的。接触元件的各种截面形状（例如圆形、椭圆形、多边形等）也适合于供能。
在加热元件的较薄区域中，电阻元件上的电流密度或局部电压降增加，由此与在较厚区域中相比，加热元件在这些区域中变得更暖或更热，其中区域的宽度或厚度取决于加热元件的截面积。
在一个优选实施例中，护套元件和加热元件基于相同等级的塑料材料，优选基于热塑性塑料制造，热塑性聚烯烃是特别优选的。此外，护套元件和加热元件优选地包括相同的塑料材料和/或基于与电熔合带焊接到的管相同的塑料材料。
有利的是，加热元件形状配合地布置在护套元件中，其中加热元件和护套元件优选地被布置成可仅在带的纵向方向上相对于彼此移位。护套元件与加热元件之间的形状配合连接防止元件相对于彼此的横向移位以及向上移位和向下移位。加热元件和护套元件的沿纵向方向的相对移位的可能性确保了电熔合带的高柔性，从而可用于所有管直径，因为电熔合带也可以由此围绕较小的直径施加。如果通过共挤出来生产电熔合带，则护套元件和加热元件在相互接触面处熔合在一起，因此消除了纵向移位并由此略微损害了电熔合带的柔性。然而，由于电熔合带或护套元件和加热元件的薄构造，仍然确保了良好的柔韧性。尽管由不同塑料材料制成但优选基于相同塑料材料的护套元件和加热元件熔合在一起，但在本发明中提到了多个元件，或者即使发生相互熔合，也可以参考多个元件，诸如护套元件和至少一个加热元件；因此电熔合带或护套元件和至少一个加热元件本质上是多部件的。
电熔合带优选地具有环绕式引导件或者被这样构造，并且加热元件在护套元件中或由护套元件引导，其中加热元件至少部分地被护套元件围绕而夹住。使用环绕式引导件，加热元件在侧面以及顶部和底部处被护套元件围绕而夹住，使得不可能有横向移位，也不会有任何的向上或向下移位。已知的环绕式引导件是T形槽引导件或实际上是燕尾形引导件，其中其他类型的环绕式引导件也是可行的。
护套元件至少部分地围绕加热元件，其中不言而喻，也可以设想由护套元件完全包围加热元件，使得加热元件的截面即使在其底部也被护套元件完全包围，这里由于在护套元件和加热元件分开挤出的情况下优选敞开的端面，在纵向方向上的移位也是可能的，其中元件不会熔合在一起。
已经证明有利的是，加热元件既不能向侧面移位，也不能横向于带的纵向方向移位，加热元件优选地布置成可仅沿带的纵向方向在护套元件中移位。
在电熔合带的截面中，接触元件的宽度或直径小于或等于加热元件在接触元件与加热元件之间的接触表面区域中的厚度。这意味着在电熔合带的截面中，接触元件的宽度或直径小于或等于加热元件的在该加热元件触摸或接触该接触元件的点处的厚度。
在本发明的另一个构造中，护套元件和加热元件具有燕尾形引导件或T形槽引导件或者采用燕尾形引导件或T形槽引导件的形式。以此方式，加热元件在侧面处以及在顶部和底部处以形状配合的方式布置在护套元件中，并且加热元件和护套元件的移位仅可在带的纵向方向上进行。
在一个优选实施例中，加热元件具有用于连接到护套元件的锚固件。也就是说，通过此锚固件，加热元件形状配合地布置在护套元件中，并且锚固件防止其脱落。因为电熔合带具有在锚固件与护套元件之间的足够大间隙，所以这里也有熔合带的柔性或加热元件与护套元件之间的可移位性，因此确保装配在不同管直径上。当与管焊接在一起时，即在将电熔合带装配在管上之后，锚固件可以或可以不被共同焊接。
根据本发明的电熔合带尤其用于管的固定点紧固件中，其中电熔合带优选地制成连续带并且可以被单独切割成一定长度以及例如被固定点紧固件的管夹包围。可替代地，它也可以被简单的带、钩以及环带或金属夹包围，从而用于将电熔合带紧固到管的外径直到执行焊接，其中包围带、钩以及环带或金属夹通常留在已焊接的电熔合带上，但完全可以移除带或钩以及环带。在此装配情况下，固定点紧固件通过管上的套环相对于电熔合带轴向偏移地布置，或者布置在两个电熔合带之间，以便在管移位或膨胀的情况下固定轴向限制止动件并由此限制或甚至防止轴向移位。不言而喻的是，连续带应当被理解为不必专门为每个直径生产、而是以几米或实际仅一米的件直径无关地生产，并且然后在电熔合带的装配时立即相应地分离或切割成期望长度的任何带。
护套元件的厚度优选地在其外表面处是阶梯状的，该阶梯用于限制例如紧固到天花板的管的可允许纵向移位。在将固定点紧固件的管夹直接紧固在电熔合带周围（该电熔合带与管焊接在一起并且在边缘区域具有凸起部分）时，管移位的可能性在纵向方向上受到限制。因此，管夹抵靠较高边缘区域搁置，并且管不能在纵向方向上进一步移动。电熔合带的另一个可能用途在于以下可能性：包括优选地在护套元件的厚度减小点处具有带、钩以及环带或金属夹，并且因此当安装在管上时具有渐缩直径的电熔合带，以便将其紧固到管并然后将它们焊接在一起。在焊接带之后，钩以及环带或金属夹可以留在电熔合带上或者实际上被移除。固定点紧固件优选地通过套环、然后相对于电熔合带轴向偏移地紧固到管，由此电熔合带限制可能的管移位和膨胀，因为它们抵靠轴向偏移的固定点紧固件而搁置。
根据本发明也实现了该目的，其中在其中布置有接触元件的加热元件和护套元件通过挤出制造并且加热元件和护套元件在挤出之后装配在一起，或者其中布置有接触元件的加热元件和护套元件一起共挤出。
所有可能的构造可以自由组合在一起，并且方法和用途的特征也适用于电熔合带本身并且反之亦然。
附图说明
参考附图描述了本发明的示例性实施例，本发明不仅限于示例性实施例。在附图中：
图1示出了穿过根据本发明的电熔合带的截面，
图2示出了穿过根据本发明的电熔合带的截面，
图3示出了穿过根据本发明的电熔合带的截面，
图4是根据本发明的电熔合带的三维视图，
图5是根据本发明的电熔合带的三维视图，
图6示出穿过根据本发明的电熔合带的截面，其中接触元件具有圆形截面，并且
图7示出穿过根据本发明的电熔合带的截面，其中接触元件具有成角度的截面，
图8是可能的固定点紧固件的视图，其中固定点紧固件围绕电熔合带，并且
图9是可能的固定点紧固件的视图，其中固定点紧固件轴向偏移地布置。
具体实施方式
图1-3示出了根据本发明的电熔合带1的截面，其各自具有不同形状的连接构造或环绕式引导件，这有助于确保加热元件3在侧面以及顶部和底部处被引导在护套元件2中并且不能容易地或单独地从护套元件2脱离。图1示出了环绕式引导件，其采用T形槽引导件的形式。这使得加热元件3能够沿带长度5在护套元件2中移位，但防止两个元件2、3的横向还有相对向上和向下移位以及单独的相互分离。元件2、3沿带长度5的相对移位的可能性允许熔合带1围绕任何尺寸的管直径放置，这是因为，熔合带1在应用中由于相对移位是柔性的或更可弯曲的。共挤出的电熔合带1相对于其护套元件2与加热元件3的熔合经受轻微的柔性或柔韧性损失，但由于元件的薄构造，仍然存在良好的柔韧性。图2同样示出了环绕式引导件，其他附图也示出了此引导件的不同可能构造，其中不言而喻的是还可以有另外的构造。
在所示的截面中，护套元件2至少部分地包围加热元件3。不言而喻的是，也可以设想完整外壳，其中护套元件2优选地在加热元件3的底部处具有薄构造，以便通过热传导将在加热元件3中产生的热量快速地通过护套材料传递到管并与其熔合。
为此，加热元件3包括导电塑料材料，其允许电流从一个接触元件6流到另一个接触元件，由此在加热元件3的塑料材料、护套元件2和其上紧固有熔合带1的管上进行加热以及将其熔合在一起。由于电流仅通过导电塑料材料实现并且除接触元件6之外没有附加的线或绞合线，因此加热元件3在其柔性上不受损害，这同样有利于与直径无关的应用并从而无论直径如何都允许紧固。
接触元件6布置在加热元件3的边缘区域4中并且用于向加热元件3供能。
作为另一个替代性可能构造，图3示出了确保加热元件3和护套元件2的相互接合的锚固件9。
与其他可能类型的连接确实一样地，这里也有可能在带的纵向方向5上进行相互移位，因为在护套元件2中存在锚固件9与接收轮廓之间的大间隙，这如已经提到的那样确保带1的高柔性。
图4示出燕尾形引导件，并且还可以存在护套元件2的外表面的不同构造。也就是说，外面可以例如相对于边缘区域在中间略微凹陷，其可以然后用作限制止挡件以便限制轴向移位，或者用作用于容纳在焊接到管之前用来安装电熔合带1的带或钩以及环带的限定区域。不言而喻的是，也可以设想护套元件2的外面的直面或其他轮廓。熔合带1优选通过挤出来生产，其中电熔合带1也可以是共挤出的，并且加热元件3和护套元件2由此熔合在一起，但如已经提到的，由于加热元件和护套元件所呈现的不同塑料组合物，它们在这里被认为具有多部件结构。一个接触元件6或多个接触元件6同样在挤出或共挤出期间引入。图5示出了根据本发明的熔合带1的三维视图，其中加热元件3从护套元件2略微向外突出，因此可以看到它。护套元件2和加热元件3基于相同的塑料材料，优选热塑性塑料，特别优选热塑性聚烯烃。
如果熔合带1焊接到的管基于相同的塑料材料，则这是另外有利的。
同样证明有利的是，在截面中，接触元件7的宽度或直径小于或等于加热元件3的厚度8，这可以从图6中推断出来。加热元件3上的区域越小或越薄，则那里的功耗就越高，并且产生的热量就越多。为了确保此时（在从接触元件6到加热元件3的过渡处）提供电流12或者加热元件3在该过渡处不会过热或熔化，如上所述，加热元件3或其厚度8宽于或等于接触元件6的宽度。
通过沿电流方向12改变加热元件截面的宽度，在对应区域中的热量产生受到影响并且由此调整或影响对应区域中的温度。在具有大或宽加热元件截面的点处，消耗较小功率，由此产生较小热量并且塑料材料熔化到对应较小程度或具有较大延迟，而加热元件3的具有较小或较薄截面的区域产生大量热能，并且塑料材料在那里强烈或快速地熔化。
以此方式，例如，边缘区域4或其中熔化是不期望的或者应当仅进行至轻微程度或伴随延迟的其他区域可以对应地为宽的。
图8示出了根据本发明的电熔合带1作为固定点紧固件11的组成部分的优选应用。所示的实施例示出了围绕电熔合带1放置的管夹10。通过电熔合带1的护套元件2的在边缘区域中较厚的构造，限制了管的轴向方向上的移位。可替代地，也可以设想固定点紧固件，其紧固在用作限制止动件的焊接到管上的两个电熔合带1之间，如图9中所示。
附图标记列表
1 电熔合带
2 护套元件
3 加热元件
4 边缘区域，加热元件
5 带的纵向方向
6 接触元件
7 宽度，接触元件/直径，接触元件
8 厚度，在过渡区处的加热元件
9 锚固件
10 管夹
11 固定点紧固件
12 电流。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于与塑料管一起焊接、特别是用于固定点紧固件的电熔合带（1），其由以下组成：优选地电绝缘塑料材料的护套元件（2）、导电塑料材料的至少一个加热元件（3）、以及用于向所述加热元件（3）供电的至少两个接触元件（6），其特征在于，所述护套元件（2）和所述加热元件（3）采用带的形式，其中所述护套元件（2）至少部分地围绕所述加热元件（3），其中所述接触元件（6）布置在所述加热元件（3）的互相相对的边缘区域（4）中并且沿所述加热元件（3）彼此平行地延伸，其特征在于，所述护套元件（2）和所述加热元件（3）被形成为共挤出部件，并且由于所述护套元件（2）和所述加热元件（3）在接触区域中熔合在一起，因此也防止在纵向方向上的移位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述接触元件（6）的比导电率高于所述加热元件（3）的比导电率，优选为至少十倍，特别优选为至少一百倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，导电塑料材料的所述加热元件（3）的比电阻为0.1-100 [Ω×cm]，优选为0.1-10 [Ω×cm]。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述接触元件（6）由金属制成，优选由铜或连续碳纤维制成，或由具有碳纳米管、石墨、石墨烯或具有金属填料的导电塑料混合物制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述接触元件（6）采用线或线编织物的形式。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述护套元件（2）和所述加热元件（3）基于相同等级的塑料材料，优选基于热塑性塑料制造，热塑性聚烯烃是特别优选的。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述加热元件（3）形状配合地布置在所述护套元件（2）中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述电熔合带（1）具有环绕式引导件或被这样构造，并且所述加热元件（3）由所述护套元件（2）引导，其中所述加热元件（3）至少部分地被所述护套元件（3）围绕而夹住。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，在所述电熔合带（1）的截面中，所述接触元件（6）的宽度或直径小于或等于所述加热元件（3）在接触元件（6）与所述加热元件之间的接触面区域中的厚度（8）。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述护套元件（2）和所述加热元件（3）具有燕尾形引导件或T形槽引导件或者采用燕尾形引导件或T形槽引导件的形式。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电熔合带（1），其特征在于，所述加热元件（3）具有用于与所述护套元件（2）连接的锚固件（9）。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电熔合带（1）在用于管的固定点紧固件（11）中的用途，其中所述电熔合带（1）优选地被制成连续带并且可以被单独切割成一定长度以及被所述固定点紧固件（11）的管夹（10）包围，或者所述管夹（10）相对于所述管上的所述电熔合带轴向偏移地布置并用作轴向限制止动件。
13.一种用于生产根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电熔合带（1）的方法，其特征在于，其中布置有所述接触元件（6）的所述加热元件（3）和所述护套元件（2）一起共挤出。
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