CN101715343A - 流感治疗药 - Google Patents
流感治疗药 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101715343A CN101715343A CN200880014910A CN200880014910A CN101715343A CN 101715343 A CN101715343 A CN 101715343A CN 200880014910 A CN200880014910 A CN 200880014910A CN 200880014910 A CN200880014910 A CN 200880014910A CN 101715343 A CN101715343 A CN 101715343A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen atom
- carbon number
- chemical compound
- curative
- influenza
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明提供H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药。含有通式(I)表示的化合物作为有效成分的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药。[式中,R1和R2:H、烷酰基;X:卤原子、OH、烷氧基、烷酰氧基;R3:H、烷基;以下化合物除外:R1、R2:H;X:OH;R3:H。]
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有通式(I)表示的化合物作为有效成分的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药。
背景技术
H5N1型禽流感病毒对家禽类的感染,于2003年以后,在包括亚洲、欧洲、非洲等的广泛区域内扩大,其对人的感染,不仅在亚洲,在中东、非洲区域也被确认。当出现一种新型的H5N1型流感病毒且其开始感染时,我们认为由于大多数人对该病毒均没有免疫力,而且流感病毒通过飞沫感染而传播,因此感染迅速扩大,会引起全世界范围的流行(即,流感大流行)。感染了H5N1型流感病毒的患者的一半以上都导致了死亡,死亡率较高。已知在20世纪中期发生了三次流感大流行,即西班牙流感、亚洲流感和香港流感,其中患者数最多的西班牙流感,估计在全世界范围内大约2000~4000万人死亡,在日本国内也有约50万人死亡。
2005年11月来自厚生劳动省(日本)的报告估计,在新型流感病毒流行时,日本国因感染该新型流感而就医的患者数为约1800万人~2500万人。进而,在新型流感病毒的病原性为重度的情况下,推测入院患者数为约20万人,死亡人数为64万人,恐怕不仅会损害健康,而且对社会活动也有较大影响。
由此,新型流感病毒会引起严重性高的疾病,期待早期开发出有效的治疗药。
尽管有报道称,具有神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用的流感治疗药即扎那米韦(特别是扎那米韦水合物)以及奥赛米韦(特别是奥赛米韦磷酸盐或者奥赛米韦羧酸盐)对H5N1型流感病毒具有抑制作用,但是仍然期待具有更优异活性的化合物(非专利文献1或2)。另外,报道了奥赛米韦未显示出抑制作用(即奥赛米韦耐药性)的H5N1型流感病毒株。期待对于这些奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒具有抑制作用的化合物(非专利文献1或2)。
已知通式(I)表示的化合物作为具有神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用的流感治疗药有用(专利文献1至3)。但是,未报道这些化合物对H5N1型流感病毒具有抑制作用。另外,尽管通式(I)表示的化合物的结构与扎那米韦类似,但是与奥赛米韦完全不同。
非专利文献1:Nature,2005年,第437卷,p.1108
非专利文献2:N.Engl.J.Med.,2005年,第353卷,(25):2667-72
专利文献1:美国专利6340702号说明书(日本专利第3209946号公报)
专利文献2:美国专利6451766号说明书(日本特开平10-109981号公报)
专利文献3:美国专利6844363号说明书(日本特开2002-012590号公报)
发明内容
本发明人对流感的治疗药或预防药进行了深入的研究,结果发现,通式(I)表示的化合物作为H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药极其有用。本发明基于上述见解而完成。
本发明提供下述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药。
(1)含有通式(I)表示的化合物作为有效成分的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,
[化1]
[式中,R1和R2相同或不同,各表示氢原子或碳原子数2至20的烷酰基;X表示卤原子、羟基、碳原子数1至4的烷氧基或碳原子数2至20的烷酰氧基;R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1至20的烷基。但是,R1和R2为氢原子、X为羟基且R3为氢原子的化合物除外。];
(2)上述(1)的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有X为碳原子数1至4的烷氧基的化合物作为有效成分;
(3)上述(1)的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有X为甲氧基的化合物作为有效成分;
(4)上述(1)至(3)中任一项的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分;
(5)上述(1)至(3)中任一项的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为碳原子数6至18的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分;
(6)上述(1)至(3)中任一项的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为己酰基、辛酰基、癸酰基、十二烷酰基、十四烷酰基、十六烷酰基或十八烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分;
(7)上述(1)至(3)中任一项的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1和R2均为氢原子、R3为碳原子数8至20的烷基的化合物作为有效成分;
(8)上述(1)至(3)中任一项的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其中,含有R1和R2均为氢原子、R3为癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基的化合物作为有效成分;或者
(9)上述(1)的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有选自下述的化合物作为有效成分:
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-己酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬(galacto-non)-2-烯吡喃糖酸(enopyranosoic acid)、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-辛酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-癸酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-十二烷酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、以及
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-十四烷酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸。
(10)治疗或预防H5N1型流感的方法,该方法包括对脊椎动物给予药理学有效量的通式(I)表示的化合物,
[化2]
[式中,R1和R2相同或不同,各自表示氢原子或碳原子数2至20的烷酰基;X表示卤原子、羟基、碳原子数1至4的烷氧基或碳原子数2至20的烷酰氧基;R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1至20的烷基。但是,R1和R2为氢原子、X为羟基且R3为氢原子的化合物除外。]。
(11)通式(I)表示的化合物在制备H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药中的用途,
[化3]
[式中,R1和R2相同或不同,各自表示氢原子或碳原子数2至20的烷酰基;X表示卤原子、羟基、碳原子数1至4的烷氧基或碳原子数2至20的烷酰氧基;R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1至20的烷基。但是,R1和R2为氢原子、X为羟基且R3为氢原子的化合物除外。]。
上述中,通式(I)表示的化合物为,例如US6340702(日本专利第3209946号公报)、US6451766(日本特开平10-109981号公报)、US6844363(日本特开2002-012590号公报)等中记载的2-脱氧-2,3-二脱氢-N-乙酰神经氨酸衍生物。
通式(I)表示的化合物中,X中的“卤原子”例如可以是氟、氯、溴或碘原子,优选为氟或氯原子,最优选为氟原子。
X中的“碳原子数1至4的烷氧基”例如可以是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基等碳原子数1至4的直链或支链状烷氧基,优选为甲氧基或乙氧基、最优选为甲氧基。
X优选为碳原子数1至4的烷氧基、最优选为甲氧基。
R1和R2中的“碳原子数2至20的烷酰基”以及X中的“碳原子数2至20的烷酰氧基”的烷酰基部分为碳原子数2至20的直链或支链烷酰基,优选为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基,更优选为碳原子数6至18的烷酰基,进一步优选为己酰基、辛酰基、癸酰基、十二烷酰基、十四烷酰基、十六烷酰基或十八烷酰基。
R3中的“碳原子数1至20的烷基”为碳原子数1至20的直链或支链状烷基。当R1和R2各为氢原子、X为卤原子、羟基或碳原子数1至4的烷氧基时,上述的R3中的“碳原子数1至20的烷基”优选为碳原子数8至20的烷基、更优选为碳原子数10至20的烷基、进一步优选为癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基。
R1或R2为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基时,R3优选为氢原子或碳原子数1至4的烷基,更优选为氢原子。
通式(I)表示的化合物优选为下述的化合物:
(I-1)X为碳原子数1至4的烷氧基的化合物;
(I-2)X为甲氧基的化合物;
(I-3)R1为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、X为碳原子数1至4的烷氧基、R3为氢原子的化合物;
(I-4)R1为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、X为甲氧基、R3为氢原子的化合物;
(I-5)R1为碳原子数6至18的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、X为甲氧基、R3为氢原子的化合物;
(I-6)R1为己酰基、辛酰基、癸酰基、十二烷酰基、十四烷酰基、十六烷酰基或十八烷酰基、R2为氢原子、X为甲氧基、R3为氢原子的化合物;
(I-7)R1和R2各为氢原子、X为甲氧基、R3为碳原子数8至20的烷基的化合物;或者
(I-8)R1和R2各为氢原子、X为甲氧基、R3为癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基的化合物。
通式(I)表示的化合物中,R1或R2为烷酰基时、X为烷酰氧基时、或者R3为烷基时,R1O-、R2O-、X、或R3OCO分别形成酯基。当通式(I)表示的化合物具有这些酯基时,该化合物可以是前药(“医药品的开发”、广川书店、1990年刊、第7卷、分子设计、p.163-198)。通式(I)表示的化合物中的上述酯基,在给药后,在生物体内的代谢过程(例如水解)中转换成羟基或羧基,通过该转换而生成的化合物显示出药理活性(例如,US6451766的试验例1’至4’、日本特开平10-109981号公报的试验例1至4)。
由于通式(I)表示的化合物在分子内具有胍基或羧基,因此可以与药理学上非毒性的酸或碱一起形成药理上容许的盐。
“药理上容许的盐”,例如可以是:氢氟酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐等卤化氢酸盐;硝酸盐、高氯酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等无机酸盐;甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐等链烷磺酸盐;苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐等芳基磺酸盐;乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、草酸盐、马来酸盐等有机酸盐;甘氨酸盐、赖氨酸盐、精氨酸盐、鸟氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐等氨基酸盐;锂盐、钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐;钙盐、镁盐等碱土金属盐;铝盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、镍盐、钴盐等金属盐;或者,铵盐、叔辛基胺盐、二苄基胺盐、吗啉盐、葡糖胺盐、乙二胺盐、胍盐、二乙基胺盐、三乙基盐、二环己基胺盐、普鲁卡因盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、哌嗪盐、四甲基铵盐等有机胺盐或有机铵盐,优选为碱金属盐、有机酸盐或无机酸盐。
通式(I)表示的化合物通过放置于大气中、或者与水或有机溶剂混合等,有时会形成水合物或溶剂合物。
上述所示的通式(I)表示的化合物的药理上容许的盐、水合物和溶剂合物均包含在本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分内。
通式(I)表示的化合物作为H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药极其有用。上述H5N1型流感可以是由奥赛米韦敏感性或耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒引起的流感,优选为由奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒引起的流感。上述奥赛米韦敏感性的H5N1型流感病毒,例如可以是A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆7);上述奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒,例如可以是A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆9)。另外,从其他观点考虑,通式(I)表示的化合物还可作为由奥赛米韦耐药性的流感病毒(不限于H5N1病毒)引起的流感的治疗药或预防药。
通式(I)表示的化合物作为H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药极其有用,而且作为由奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒引起的流感的治疗药或预防药也有用。
本说明书包括作为本申请的优先权基础的日本国专利申请、特愿2007-56872的说明书和/或附图中记载的内容。
具体实施方式
作为本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分的通式(I)表示的化合物可以通过US6340702(日本专利第3209946号公报)、US6451766(日本特开平10-109981号公报)、US6844363(日本特开2002-012590号公报)等中记载的方法或基于这些的方法来制造。
通式(I)表示的化合物,将其作为流感的治疗药或预防药使用时,可以以(i)其本身进行给药;或者作为(ii)与适当的药理学上容许的赋形剂、稀释剂等混合而制得的制剂(例如片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、糖浆剂、软膏剂、液体制剂、混悬剂、气溶胶剂、糖锭等)进行给药。
这些制剂,可以采用公知的方法,使用赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、矫味矫嗅剂、悬浮剂、稀释剂、制剂用溶剂等添加物。
赋形剂的例子包括:乳糖、白糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇等糖类;玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、α-淀粉、糊精、羧甲基淀粉等淀粉衍生物;结晶纤维素、低取代羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、内部交联羧甲基纤维素钠等纤维素衍生物;阿拉伯树胶;葡聚糖;短醒酶多糖;轻质硅酸酐、合成硅酸铝、铝正硅酸镁等硅酸盐类;磷酸钙等磷酸盐类;碳酸钙等碳酸盐类;或者硫酸钙等硫酸盐类。
粘合剂的例子包括:作为上述的赋形剂所示的化合物;明胶;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;或者聚乙二醇。
崩解剂的例子包括:作为上述的赋形剂所示的化合物;或者,交联羧甲纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等经化学修饰的淀粉或纤维素衍生物。
润滑剂的例子包括:滑石;硬脂酸;硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等硬脂酸金属盐;胶态硅石;硅酸镁铝;蜂蜡、鲸蜡等蜡类;硼酸;乙二醇;富马酸、己二酸等羧酸类;苯甲酸钠等羧酸钠盐;硫酸钠等硫酸盐;亮氨酸;十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸镁等十二烷基硫酸盐;硅酸酐、硅酸水合物等硅酸类;或者,上述赋形剂中的淀粉衍生物。
稳定剂的例子包括:羟苯甲酯、羟苯丙酯等对羟基苯甲酸酯类;氯丁醇、苄醇、苯乙醇等醇类;苯扎氯铵;苯酚、甲酚等酚类;硫柳汞;乙酸酐;或者山梨酸。
矫味矫嗅剂例如可以是:常用的甜味料、酸味料或香料。
悬浮剂例如可以是:吐温80或羧甲基纤维素钠。
制剂用溶剂例如可以是:水、乙醇或甘油。
本发明的治疗药或预防药可以口服给药或胃肠外给药,但优选采用能将有效成分送达流感病毒的主要感染路径即接受者的呼吸器官组织(口腔、鼻腔、呼吸道或肺组织)的给药方法(例如,滴鼻剂、经鼻剂(transnasal)、经肺剂(transpulmonary)、口腔内给药等)进行给药。通常可以将有效成分以溶液、混悬液或干燥粉末的形态给药。溶液剂和混悬剂为水性,例如通常仅用水(例如,无菌水或不含热源的水)、或者用水和药理上容许的辅助溶剂(例如,乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇或PEG 400)来制造。这样的溶液剂或混悬剂还可以进一步含有其它的赋形剂、防腐剂(例如,苯扎氯铵)、吐温等增溶剂/表面活性剂(例如,吐温80、斯盘80或苯扎氯铵)、缓冲剂、等渗调节剂(例如,氯化钠)、吸收促进剂或增粘剂。混悬液还可以进一步含有悬浮剂(例如,微晶纤维素或羧甲基纤维素钠)。溶液剂或混悬剂可以采用常用的装置(例如,点滴器、移液器或喷雾器)直接给药至鼻腔或口腔。溶液剂或混悬剂可以以仅一次给药量或多次给药量的形态提供。在后者的情况下,优选设置给药量的计量装置。使用点滴器或移液器的情况下,患者自己给予适当的规定容量的溶液剂或混悬剂。使用喷雾器的情况下,例如,可以通过计量喷雾泵的装置给予溶液剂或混悬液。向呼吸道或肺的给药,可以通过采用气溶胶配合物来进行,所述气溶胶配合物为将有效成分和适当的喷射剂[例如,氯氟烃(CFC)、二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、或二氧化碳等气体]一起形成的加压包装形态的气溶胶配合物。气溶胶配合物优选含有卵磷脂等表面活性剂。有效成分的给药量可以通过给药机械所具备的计量阀来进行控制。另外,有效成分可以以其本身的干燥粉末的形态提供,或者以在乳糖、淀粉、淀粉衍生物(例如,羟丙甲纤维素)或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)等适当的粉末基质中混合有效成分的粉末混合物的形态提供。上述的干燥粉末或粉末混合物优选在鼻腔内形成凝胶。上述的干燥粉末或粉末混合物可以采用例如由明胶形成的胶囊或药筒(cartridge)、或者泡罩包装以单位剂量的形态提供,可以从这些胶囊、药筒或泡罩包装通过吸入器进行给药。用于向呼吸道或肺给药的配合物(包括用于鼻腔内给药的组合物)中,有效成分的粒度一般较小。这种粒度的有效成分,可以通过超微粉化等制剂学领域众所周知的方法而得到。还可以使用以持续释放有效成分的方式而制得的配合物。
本发明的治疗药或预防药,特别优选作为粉末混合物从鼻或口吸入给药。
本发明的治疗药或预防药可以与其它的治疗药组合使用,组合使用的治疗药优选为奥赛米韦(特别是奥赛米韦磷酸盐或奥赛米韦羧酸盐)、扎那米韦(特别是扎那米韦水合物)、金刚烷胺(特别是金刚烷胺盐酸盐)、金刚乙胺、利巴韦林等流感治疗药。这种组合的各有效成分,可以分别或一起以药物配合物的形式依次或同时给药。将本发明的治疗药或预防药与对相同病毒具有活性的其它治疗药并用时,各有效成分的给药量可以与单独使用各有效成分时的给药量相同或不同。
本发明的治疗药或预防药的给药,在引起大流行的情况下,或者在人们去到在家禽类中流行流感的地区的情况下,可以根据需要开始给药。可以一周给药1至7次,并根据需要增减给药次数。当发生大流行时,在流行逐渐逼近的情况下、在集体生活的情况下、在不特定的较多人数集聚的地方(例如,托儿所、幼儿园、学校、公司、医院、老人院、电影院、图书馆、音乐厅、体育场等)生活或工作的情况下、或者去到这些地方的情况下,可以增加给药次数,或者事先进行给药。去到在家禽类中流行流感的地区进行考察或旅游时,可以增加给药次数,或者事先进行给药。增加给药次数是指,例如一天一次给药;事先进行给药是指,在可能感染流感的行动之前、或者在该行动之后流感发病之前进行给药。
本发明的治疗药或预防药的给药量,根据所使用的有效成分的种类、流感的流行程度、给药对象的体重或年龄等状态而不同,但对人吸入给药的情况下,优选每1kg体重,以一次10μg至5mg有效成分的用量,每周1至7次~每天1至3次左右进行给药。
本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分可以抑制H5N1型流感病毒增殖所必需的神经氨酸苷酶,从而抑制病毒的增殖。该神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用例如可以用以下所示的方法进行评价,但其评价方法并不限于以下的方法。
例如,将具有神经氨酸苷酶酶活性的H5N1型流感病毒和神经氨酸苷酶底物混合以制备用于酶活性检测的反应体系,在该反应体系中添加本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分,从而可以定量地评价本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分的神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用。
另外,例如,使培养的细胞感染H5N1型流感病毒以制备基于病毒的增殖形成噬菌斑的实验体系,在该实验体系中添加本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分,然后测定噬菌斑的个数或大小的减少,或者测定培养液中的病毒量,从而可以定量地评价本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分对H5N1型流感病毒增殖的抑制作用。
本发明的治疗药或预防药对流感病毒感染的治疗效果或预防效果,可以用以下所示的方法进行评价,但其评价方法并不限于以下的方法。
例如,将适量的本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分以溶液、混悬液或粉末的形态,对人、小鼠、大鼠、白鼬、猪、鸟等脊椎动物的呼吸器采用滴鼻、鼻内、肺内、吸入等的给药方法进行给药。在从给药后瞬间至给药后1个月的期间的适当时间使其1次吸入流感病毒,或者将流感病毒滴入鼻中,使感染流感病毒。然后观察或测定流感的症状(例如,发热;头痛;全身乏力;关节痛;肌肉痛;咳嗽或痰等呼吸器症状;咽喉擦拭液、鼻涕或肺洗涤液等中所含的病毒量;生存或死亡等),从而可以评价治疗效果或预防效果。
另外,在流感流行的地区,通过口服、直肠、鼻、局部(包括口腔内和舌下)、阴道、胃肠外(包括肌肉内、皮下和静脉内)或吸入进行给药,从而可以制作将适量的本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分给药至呼吸道(包括通过鼻子的通道)的人的给药组。另一方面,制作未给予本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分的人的未给药组。一定期间后,对于两组中感染流感病毒、出现流感症状的人的比例进行统计学的检验,可以评价治疗效果或预防效果。
使用小鼠评价预防效果的情况下,通过将溶解在生理盐水或合适的缓冲液中的本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分适量滴入鼻腔内,进行鼻内给药,在从给药后瞬间至给药后1个月的期间中的适当时间用同样的方法使其经鼻感染流感病毒。感染后,通过取出小鼠的肺并测定肺中的病毒量,从而可以评价预防效果。在所使用的流感病毒对小鼠引起致死的感染的情况下,通过观察小鼠的生存或死亡来评价预防效果。
实施例
以下采用制造例、实施例和制剂例来进一步详细地说明本发明,但本发明的范围并不受这些的限定。
(制造例1)
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-辛酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸
[化4]
(1)将US6340702(日本专利第3209946号公报)的实施例35(i)中记载的5-乙酰氨基-4-(N,N’-双-叔丁氧基羰基)胍基-9-O-辛酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸二苯基甲基酯(3.46g,4.1mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷(27ml)和三氟乙酸(14ml)中,室温下搅拌过夜。将反应液在减压下浓缩干固后,用甲苯(5ml)共沸干固3次。将所得的油状物溶于乙酸乙酯(10ml)中。将该溶液注入到饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50ml)中,加入20%碳酸钠水溶液调节pH至8.5。室温下搅拌3小时后,用盐酸(3ml)调节pH至5.0,室温下搅拌1小时。进一步在冰冷却下搅拌1小时后,对析出的结晶进行吸滤,在外温50℃下真空干燥10小时。在空气中放置1天,作为水合物结晶得到标题化合物。(0.97g,收率51%)。
红外线吸收谱(KBr)vmax cm-1:3412,2929,2856,1676,1401,1320,1285,1205,1137,722.
1H核磁共振谱(400MHz,CD3OD)δppm:5.88(1H,d,J=2.5Hz),4.45(3H,m),4.27(1H,dd,J=10.0Hz,10.0Hz),4.15(1H,m),3.47(2H,m),3.42(3H,s),2.37(2H,t,J=7.4Hz),2.10(3H,s),1.31(2H,m),1.20-1.40(8H,m),0.85-0.95(3H,m).
13C核磁共振谱(100MHz,CD3OD)δppm:176.5,173.7,164.7,158.9,146.7,108.7,80.1,78.0,69.3,66.8,61.4,52.4,35.1,32.8,30.2,30.1,26.0,23.7,22.8,14.4.
(2)标题化合物还可以通过以下的方法而得到。
将US6340702(日本专利第3209946号公报)的实施例35(ii)中记载的5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-辛酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸三氟乙酸盐(3.0g,5.1mmol)进行反相柱层析[Cosmosil 75C 18PREP(nacalai tesque),100g],使用甲醇/水(0/1-1/1-2/1)洗脱。真空浓缩含有目标物的级分,对析出的结晶进行吸滤,真空干燥。在空气中放置1天,作为水合物结晶得到标题化合物(1.2g,收率49%)。所得化合物的物性数据与上述(1)中得到的化合物一致。
(制造例2)
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸
[化5]
将US6340702(日本专利第3209946号公报)的实施例28(viii)中记载的5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸三氟乙酸盐(3.0g,5.1mmol)用离子交换树脂柱[Dowex-50W;(i)水和(ii)5%氨水溶液]精制,然后用反相柱色谱法[Cosmosil 75C 18PREP(nacalai tesque);水]精制。真空浓缩含有目标物的级分,用甲醇洗涤所得的固体,过滤、干燥,作为无色固体得到标题化合物(1.43g)。
1H核磁共振谱(400MHz,CD3OD)δppm:5.64(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),4.43(2H,m),4.22(1H,dd,J=10.0Hz,10.0Hz),4.00(1H,m),3.85(1H,dd,J=10.0Hz,2.4Hz),3.68(1H,dd,J=10.0Hz,5.5Hz),3.58(1H,m),3.43(3H,s).
另外,制造例2的化合物是制造例1的化合物在体内代谢而生成的化合物。即,制造例1的化合物是制造例2的化合物的前药,制造例2的化合物是活性本体。
(实施例1)神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用试验
以下的试验根据以Nature,2005年,第437卷,p.1108中记载的方法为基准的方法来进行。
将稀释后的H5N1型病毒液(使神经氨酸苷酶活性为800至1200荧光单位)与调节至0.01至100000nM的试验化合物混合,在37℃反应30分钟后,向该反应体系中加入作为底物的0.1mM的2′-(4-甲基伞形基)-α-D-N-乙酰神经氨酸(2′-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid),进一步在37℃反应1小时。然后测定360nm的激发波长和465nm的发射波长。以未添加试验化合物时神经氨酸苷酶的活性作为100,由所得的荧光强度计算各浓度下的试验化合物的抑制率(%),算出具有50%的酶活性抑制作用的试验化合物的浓度(IC50)。结果示于表1。
本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分,对于奥赛米韦敏感性和耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒株具有强烈的神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用,甚至对于奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒株也显示出优异的抑制作用。
(表1)神经氨酸苷酶抑制作用(IC50,nM)
奥赛米韦敏感性株:A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆7)
奥赛米韦耐药性株:A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆9)
(实施例2)病毒增殖抑制作用试验
将H5N1型流感病毒接种至MDCK细胞,使得每孔形成50至100的噬菌斑,在37℃下吸附1小时后,覆盖含有0.1至1000nM浓度的试验化合物的琼脂培养基,将MDCK细胞培养2天。然后,用19%甲醇中溶解的0.1%结晶紫使得到的培养物固定染色,测定噬菌斑个数和噬菌斑的直径。为了基于噬菌斑面积计算抑制率,计算各噬菌斑的直径的平方的总和。以未添加试验化合物的情形作为100%,计算各浓度的试验化合物的抑制率(%),计算出具有50%的病毒增殖抑制作用的试验化合物的浓度(IC50)。结果示于表2。
本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分,对于奥赛米韦敏感性和耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒株具有强烈的病毒增殖抑制作用,与扎那米韦相比显示出极其优异的病毒增殖抑制作用。
(表2)病毒增殖抑制作用(IC50,nM)
奥赛米韦敏感性株:A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆7)
奥赛米韦耐药性株:A/Hanoi/30408/2005(克隆9)
(实施例3)小鼠感染治疗试验1
对Balb/c小鼠经鼻给予单独的生理盐水或者溶解在生理盐水中的各种浓度的试验化合物,给药7天后,经鼻接种H5N1型流感病毒,使感染病毒。感染后的第1天、2天和3天摘取小鼠的肺,对肺中所含的H5N1型流感病毒进行定量,由此来考察试验化合物对H5N1型流感病毒的增殖抑制作用。
给予了本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分的小鼠,与仅给予生理盐水的小鼠相比,肺中的病毒量显著减少。
(实施例4)小鼠感染治疗试验2
与实施例3同样给予试验化合物,观察接种了H5N1型流感病毒的小鼠的存活状态至感染后20天。
仅给予了生理盐水的小鼠在感染后20天内几乎全部死亡,但是给予本发明的治疗药或预防药的有效成分的一些小鼠甚至在感染后20天依然存活。
具体地,对小鼠(BALB/C、雌性、6周龄)经鼻滴下含有从H5N1禽流感病毒感染患者分离的80pfu(噬菌斑形成单位)的A/Hanoi/UT30408(克隆7)/2005(H5N1)的溶液50μl,使感染。将制造例1的化合物溶解在生理盐水中,或者将3%Tamiflu Dry SyrupTM(奥赛米韦磷酸盐)溶解在蒸馏水中。调节制造例1化合物的浓度以使给药量为70或700μg/kg/50μl,调节奥赛米韦磷酸盐的浓度使给药量为0.5、5或50mg/kg/200μl。制造例1的化合物在感染后的2小时一次经鼻给药;奥赛米韦磷酸盐在感染后的2小时1次口服给药,之后1天2次、5天时间共10次口服给药。结果表示感染后6天、8天、10天、15天、20天的存活小鼠数。此外,以各组10只小鼠进行试验。
(表3)
本说明书中引用的所有出版物、专利和专利文献直接作为参考引入到本说明书中。
工业适用性
通式(I)表示的化合物作为H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药极其有用,而且作为由奥赛米韦耐药性的H5N1型流感病毒引起的流感的治疗药或预防药也有用。
Claims (11)
2.权利要求1所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有X为碳原子数1至4的烷氧基的化合物作为有效成分。
3.权利要求1所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有X为甲氧基的化合物作为有效成分。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为碳原子数6至20的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分。
5.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为碳原子数6至18的烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分。
6.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1为己酰基、辛酰基、癸酰基、十二烷酰基、十四烷酰基、十六烷酰基或十八烷酰基、R2为氢原子、R3为氢原子的化合物作为有效成分。
7.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1和R2各为氢原子、R3为碳原子数8至20的烷基的化合物作为有效成分。
8.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有R1和R2各为氢原子、R3为癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基的化合物作为有效成分。
9.权利要求1所述的H5N1型流感的治疗药或预防药,其含有选自下述的化合物作为有效成分:
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-己酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-辛酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-癸酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-十二烷酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸、以及
5-乙酰氨基-4-胍基-9-O-十四烷酰基-2,3,4,5-四脱氧-7-O-甲基-D-甘油基-D-半乳糖基-壬-2-烯吡喃糖酸。
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DK2568976T3 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2016-01-11 | Academia Sinica | Zanamivir-phosphonate congener with the anti-influenza activity, and determining the sensitivity oseltamivir in influenza viruses |
US10130714B2 (en) | 2012-04-14 | 2018-11-20 | Academia Sinica | Enhanced anti-influenza agents conjugated with anti-inflammatory activity |
WO2014031498A1 (en) | 2012-08-18 | 2014-02-27 | Academia Sinica | Cell-permeable probes for identification and imaging of sialidases |
WO2014210397A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-31 | Academia Sinica | Rm2 antigens and use thereof |
US9981030B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2018-05-29 | Academia Sinica | Glycan conjugates and use thereof |
CA2923579C (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2023-09-05 | Academia Sinica | Human inkt cell activation using glycolipids with altered glycosyl groups |
JP2017507118A (ja) | 2014-01-16 | 2017-03-16 | アカデミア シニカAcademia Sinica | がんの処置および検出のための組成物および方法 |
US10150818B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2018-12-11 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods for treatment and detection of cancers |
CN106415244B (zh) | 2014-03-27 | 2020-04-24 | 中央研究院 | 反应性标记化合物及其用途 |
EP3149045B1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2023-01-18 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods relating to universal glycoforms for enhanced antibody efficacy |
US10118969B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2018-11-06 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods relating to universal glycoforms for enhanced antibody efficacy |
JP7062361B2 (ja) | 2014-05-27 | 2022-05-06 | アカデミア シニカ | 抗her2糖操作抗体群およびその使用 |
WO2015184004A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Anti-cd20 glycoantibodies and uses thereof |
CA2950433A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Anti-tnf-alpha glycoantibodies and uses thereof |
EP3191500A4 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2018-04-11 | Academia Sinica | HUMAN iNKT CELL ACTIVATION USING GLYCOLIPIDS |
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US10495645B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2019-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Cancer markers and methods of use thereof |
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JP3920041B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2007-05-30 | 三共株式会社 | ノイラミン酸化合物の水和物及び結晶 |
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CN105037309A (zh) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-11-11 | 第一三共株式会社 | 用于制备神经氨酸衍生物的方法 |
CN103974945B (zh) * | 2011-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 第一三共株式会社 | 用于制备神经氨酸衍生物的方法 |
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