CN101688357A - 含水配料和它们用于着色或涂覆基材的用途 - Google Patents
含水配料和它们用于着色或涂覆基材的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101688357A CN101688357A CN200880022791A CN200880022791A CN101688357A CN 101688357 A CN101688357 A CN 101688357A CN 200880022791 A CN200880022791 A CN 200880022791A CN 200880022791 A CN200880022791 A CN 200880022791A CN 101688357 A CN101688357 A CN 101688357A
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- Prior art keywords
- aqueous formulations
- pigment
- present
- acid
- polyurethane
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- -1 dyeing liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 85
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- QUTGXAIWZAMYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclopentyloxyethanamine Chemical compound NCCOC1CCCC1 QUTGXAIWZAMYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940124561 microbicide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZTNJGMFHJYGMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatoethane Chemical class O=C=NCCN=C=O ZTNJGMFHJYGMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003542 3-methylbutan-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
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Abstract
本发明涉及含水配料,其含有:(A)至少一种颜料,(B)至少一种碳二酰亚胺,(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,和(D)任选地至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能由于100-250℃的加热作用而分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的任何已共聚的共聚单体。
Description
本发明提供含水配料,其含有:
(A)至少一种颜料,
(B)至少一种碳二酰亚胺,
(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,和
(D)任选地至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体。
本发明还提供一种制备本发明的这些含水配料的方法。本发明还提供一种通过使用本发明的含水配料着色基材的方法。
着色的基材,尤其是着色的织物基材,必须满足在一般不褪色性方面的高要求。当基材用颜料着色时,所用颜料的耐光性一般是好的。但是,不太简单的是解决将颜料固定在基材上以使它们不能在湿或干状态下从基材磨掉的问题。这尤其适用于聚酯基材和聚丙烯基材。
已经多次尝试开发用于含颜料的体系的粘合剂和固定剂(交联剂),其能确保良好的一般不褪色性和尤其良好的耐磨性。但是,许多这些体系在加工过程中或甚至在如此获得的着色基材的长期使用中可能释放一定量的甲醛,这在目前阶段是极为不利的。另外,这些具有良好耐磨性的体系倾向于在划擦时出现痕迹和尤其在聚丙烯上出现手印问题。
WO 2004/031255描述了用于尤其喷墨工艺的记录流体,其含有无规聚氨酯共聚物和一种或多种蜜胺衍生物,一种或多种蜜胺衍生物用做交联剂。但是,发现WO 2004/031255中公开的一些交联剂可能释放少量甲醛,这一般是不利的。
本发明的目的是提供含水配料和一种制备所述含水配料的方法,所述含水配料用于着色基材,且不具有上述现有技术中的缺点。本发明的目的还是提供一种着色基材的方法,本发明还提供着色的基材,其不存在上述现有技术中的缺点。
我们发现此目的能通过本文开头定义的含水配料实现。
本发明的含水配料包括含水配料。含水配料是含有连续相和分散或溶解形式的固体材料的配料,其中连续相主要含有水,即含有超过50体积%的水。本发明的配料可以含有一种或多种有机溶剂或不含有机溶剂。
本发明的含水配料含有(A)至少一种颜料。在这里,颜料(A)指基本不溶性的、分散的、细分的、有机或无机的着色剂,如德国标准规定DIN55944中的定义所述。
优选的颜料(A)的例子是:
单偶氮颜料,例如C.I.颜料棕25;C.I.颜料橙5,13,36和67;C.I.颜料红1,2,3,5,8,9,12,17,22,23,31,48:1,48:2,48:3,48:4,49,49:1,52:1,52:2,53,53:1,53:3,57:1,63,112,146,170,184,210,245和251;C.I.颜料黄1,3,73,74,65,97,151和183;
二偶氮颜料,例如C.I.颜料橙16,34和44;C.I.颜料红144,166,214和242;C.I.颜料黄12,13,14,16,17,81,83,106,113,126,127,155,174,176和188;
二苯并芘二酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料红168(C.I.Vat橙3);
蒽醌颜料,例如C.I.颜料黄147和177;C.I.颜料紫31;
蒽素嘧啶颜料,例如C.I.颜料黄108(C.I.Vat黄20);
喹吖啶酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料红122,202和206;C.I.颜料紫19;
喹吖酞酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料黄138;
二噁嗪颜料,例如C.I.颜料紫23和37;
黄烷士酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料黄24(C.I.Vat黄1);
阴丹酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料蓝60(C.I.Vat蓝4)和64(C.I.Vat蓝6);
二氢异吲哚颜料,例如C.I.颜料橙69;C.I.颜料红260;C.I.颜料黄139和185;
异吲哚满酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料橙61;C.I.颜料红257和260;C.I.颜料黄109,110,173和185;
异宜和蓝酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料紫31(C.I.Vat紫1);
金属配合物颜料,例如C.I.颜料黄117,150和153;C.I.颜料绿8;
紫环酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料橙43(C.I.Vat橙7);C.I.颜料红194(C.I.Vat红15);
苝颜料,例如C.I.颜料黑31和32;C.I.颜料红123,149,178,179(C.I.Vat红23),190(C.I.Vat红29)和224;C.I.颜料紫29;
酞菁颜料,例如C.I.颜料蓝15,15:1,15:2,15:3,15:4,15:6和16;C.I.颜料绿7和36;
皮蒽酮颜料,例如C.I.颜料橙51;C.I.颜料红216(C.I.Vat橙4);
硫靛颜料,例如C.I.颜料红88和181(C.I.Vat红1);C.I.颜料紫38(C.I.Vat紫3);
三芳基碳正离子颜料,例如C.I.颜料蓝1,61和62;C.I.颜料绿1;C.I.颜料红81,81:1和169;C.I.颜料紫1,2,3和27;C.I.颜料黑1(苯胺黑);
C.I.颜料黄101(醛连氮黄);
C.I.颜料棕22。
特别优选的颜料的例子尤其是:C.I.颜料黄138,C.I.颜料红122,C.I.颜料紫19,C.I.颜料蓝15:3和15:4,C.I.颜料黑7,C.I.颜料橙5、38和43,和C.I.颜料绿7。
颜料(A)的平均直径可以在20nm至1.5μm的范围内,优选300-500nm。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,颜料(A)以球形或基本球形的颗粒形式存在,最长直径与最小直径之比是在1.0-2.0的范围内,优选最高1.5。
颜料(A)优选以颜料制剂的形式包含在本发明的含水配料中。颜料制剂一般含有20-60重量%的颜料(A)、水和一种或多种表面活性化合物,例如一种或多种表面活性剂(E),这些组分将在下面描述。
本发明的含水配料还含有至少一种碳二酰亚胺(B)。
碳二酰亚胺(B)可以例如具有式I:
其中R1和R2可以是相同或不同的,并各自选自:
C1-C20烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基、正十二烷基、异十二烷基、正十四烷基、正十六烷基、正十八烷基、正二十烷基;优选C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基;更优选C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基;
C3-C20环烷基,其是单环或双环的、未取代的或被例如C1-C6烷基或被异氰酸酯取代,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、2,5-二甲基环戊基、2,6-二甲基环己基、甲基-C5-C7环烷基、异氰酸酯基环己基、甲基-[异氰酸酯基-C5-C7环烷基],
C6-C14芳基,其是未取代的或被例如C1-C6烷基或被异氰酸酯或被异氰酸酯基-C1-C6烷基、尤其被C(CH3)2-NCO取代一次或多次,例如-C6H3(CH3)NCO、-C6H4-NCO、C7-C15烷基芳基,特别是-C(CH3)2-C6H4-C(CH3)2-NCO,间或对位,甲基-C5-C7环烷基,其是未取代的或被异氰酸酯或被异氰酸酯基-C1-C6烷基、尤其被C(CH3)2-NCO取代,
异佛尔酮基,
C3-C6杂芳基,例如咪唑基。
碳二酰亚胺(B)优选包含聚合的碳二酰亚胺。在本发明中,聚合的碳二酰亚胺是带有2-50个、优选最多20个-N=C=N-基团/摩尔的化合物。
聚合的碳二酰亚胺本身是已知的,可以通过已知的方法获得,例如通过二异氰酸酯在催化剂的存在下缩合或缩聚,催化剂例如是三烷基氧化膦、无环或优选环状的氧化环磷烯(phospholene oxide)、三芳基氧化膦,碱金属醇盐例如乙醇钠,碱金属碳酸盐例如碳酸钠或碳酸钾,或叔胺,例如三乙胺。特别合适的催化剂是氧化环磷烷和氧化环磷烯,例子是1-苯基-2-甲基-2-氧化环磷烯、1-苯基-2-甲基-3-氧化环磷烯、1-甲基-2-氧化环磷烯和1-甲基-3-氧化环磷烯,参见例如US 2,853,473。二氧化碳是在缩合或缩聚形成聚合碳二酰亚胺的过程中消除的。
聚合的碳二酰亚胺的例子是可以通过至少一种芳族二异氰酸酯或至少一种脂族或脂环族碳二酰亚胺的缩合或缩聚获得的,芳族二异氰酸酯例如是2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或1,7-萘二异氰酸酯,脂族或脂环族碳二酰亚胺例如是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、2,4-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
优选的聚合碳二酰亚胺是共聚的碳二酰亚胺,其可以通过至少一种芳族二异氰酸酯与至少一种脂族或脂环族碳二酰亚胺的缩合或缩聚获得的,芳族二异氰酸酯例如是2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或1,7-萘二异氰酸酯,脂族或脂环族碳二酰亚胺例如是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、2,4-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
非常特别优选的是,碳二酰亚胺(B)含有通过m-TMXDI或p-TMXDI或m-TMXDI和p-TMXDI的具有2-20个、优选最多15个和更优选最多10个-N=C=N-基团/摩尔的混合物的缩聚获得的聚合碳二酰亚胺:
m-TMXDI p-TMXDI。
本发明的含水配料还含有(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,在下面简称为聚氨酯(C)。
无规聚氨酯(C)表示不仅通过仅仅氨基甲酸酯基团连接在一起的聚加合产物,而且在更普遍意义上表示可通过二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与含有活泼氢原子的化合物的反应获得的聚合物。除了氨基甲酸酯基团,聚氨酯(C)还可以含有一个或多个脲、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、碳二酰亚胺、酰胺、酯、醚、脲亚胺、脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯或噁唑啉基团/每分子。综述可以例如参见:Kunststoffhandbuch/Saechtling,第26版,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich 1995,第491页起。更特别的是,聚氨酯(C)可以含有一个或多个脲基团/每分子。但是,聚氨酯(C)含有至少一个氨基甲酸酯基团/每分子。
无规聚氨酯(C)是从至少一种二异氰酸酯和至少两种具有两个或多个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物获得的。
一种或多种二异氰酸酯可以具有相同或不同反应性的NCO基团。具有相同反应性的NCO基团的二异氰酸酯的例子是芳族或脂族的二异氰酸酯,优选脂族二异氰酸酯,例如四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、八亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-、1,3-或1,2-二异氰酸酯基环己烷、4,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷、1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)和2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基环己烷,其中特别优选的是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。另一种特别优选的二异氰酸酯是间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
优选的具有不同反应性的NCO基团的二异氰酸酯的例子是可便宜获得的异氰酸酯,例如2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4’-MDI)、三异氰酸酯基甲苯,它们是芳族二异氰酸酯或脂族二异氰酸酯的代表性例子,例如2-丁基-2-乙基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸酯基丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4,4-和2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4’-亚甲基二(环己基)二异氰酸酯和4-甲基环己烷1,3-二异氰酸酯(H-TDI)。
具有不同反应性的基团的二异氰酸酯的其它例子是1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯、联苯二异氰酸酯、联甲苯胺二异氰酸酯和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯。
特别优选脂族和脂环族的二异氰酸酯,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
应当理解的是,也可以使用至少两种上述异氰酸酯的混合物。
也可以用多异氰酸酯代替部分二异氰酸酯,例如三异氰酸酯或四异氰酸酯,从而可以在聚氨酯嵌段中引入支化。
无规聚氨酯(C)还使用至少两种具有两个或多个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物制备。这些化合物被引入聚氨酯(C)中,在下文中也称为“共聚的”。
“无规”表示不产生嵌段状结构。
带有两个或多个异氰酸酯反应性基团例如OH、SH、NH2或NHR4(其中R4选自C1-C12烷基)的化合物是例如二醇和仲二胺。例子是仲二胺,例如1,4-亚丁基-N,N’-二甲基胺,优选直链或支化的脂族二醇(c1)。特别优选具有2-10个碳原子的脂族二醇(c1)。例子尤其包括:乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、顺-1,2-环己烷二甲醇、反-1,2-环己烷二甲醇,以及顺-和反-1,4-环己烷二甲醇。也可以使用上述具有2-10个碳原子的脂族二醇(c1)的混合物。
聚醚多元醇是特别有用的脂族二醇(c1)的例子。在这里,聚醚多元醇是二羟基或高级烷基(例如乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油)与1当量或更多当量的C2-C4环氧烷(例如环氧丁烷和优选环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷)的反应产物。为了制备环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷的交互缩合产物,可以优选控制反应以获得在末端位置上具有占绝对主要地位的伯羟基的产物。
有用的聚醚多元醇的分子量Mn优选是250-4000g/mol,特别是400-2500g/mol。
其它有用的化合物含有至少2个不同的异氰酸酯反应性基团,例如硫基乙醇或乙醇胺或甲基二乙醇胺。
聚酯醇(c2)是其它有用的具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物。用于本发明的聚酯醇具有两个或更多个羟基。
聚酯醇(c2)可通过至少一种脂族二醇与至少一种脂族或芳族二羧酸的缩聚反应获得。小比例的脂族二醇,例如最多10摩尔%,可以被脂族三醇或四醇代替,例如甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基丁烷或季戊四醇。相似地,更小比例的芳族或脂族二羧酸,例如最多10摩尔%,可以被三羧酸或四羧酸代替,例如苯连三酸(1,2,3-苯三甲酸)、偏苯三酸(1,2,4-苯三甲酸)、1,3,5-苯三酸(1,3,5-苯三甲酸)或1,2,4,5-苯四酸(1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸)。
有用的脂族二醇的例子是脂族或脂环族二醇,优选具有2-20个碳原子/每分子,更优选具有2-12个碳原子/每分子。脂族二醇的例子尤其是乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、1,2-丙二醇(丙二醇)、双丙甘醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、新戊二醇、顺-1,2-环己烷二甲醇、反-1,2-环己烷二甲醇以及顺-或反-1,4-环己烷二甲醇。
有用的脂族二羧酸的例子是C2-C10二羧酸,例子是草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、庚二酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸和六氢间苯二甲酸。有用的芳族二羧酸的例子是萘-1,5-二羧酸、萘-2,6-二羧酸、对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸和尤其是间苯二甲酸。
应当理解的是两种或更多种脂族二羧酸的混合物,尤其是琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸的混合物,也可以用于合成聚酯多元醇(c2)。
本发明的一个方案中,通过使用至少一种脂族二羧酸和至少一种芳族二羧酸的混合物合成聚酯多元醇(c2),优选邻苯二甲酸或特别是间苯二甲酸与乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、顺-或反-1,2-环己烷二甲醇以及顺-或反-1,4-环己烷二甲醇的混合物。
本发明的一个方案中,使用芳族或脂族二羧酸酐,例如琥珀酸酐或邻苯二甲酸酐,代替相应的酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,聚酯多元醇(c2)具有250-10,000g/mol范围内的平均分子量Mn,优选最多4000g/mol,更优选400-2500g/mol。
聚酯多元醇(c2)的制备是本身已知的,通过用一种或多种脂族二醇、任选地与小比例的三醇、四醇、三羧酸或四羧酸一起酯化一种或多种脂族或芳族二羧酸或酸酐来实现。聚酯多元醇(c2)的制备也可以通过用一种或多种脂族二醇、任选地与小比例的三醇、四醇、三羧酸或四羧酸一起酯交换一种或多种脂族或芳族的二羧酸二甲酯或二乙酯来实现。
酯化或酯交换可以在溶液中或在不使用溶剂的情况下进行。优选在催化剂的存在下进行,尤其是酸性催化剂,例子是硫酸、有机磺酸、酸性硅胶、酸性氧化铝和酸性离子交换剂。相似地,使用夹带剂蒸馏出共沸的夹带剂-水混合物也是合适的。
有用的脂族二醇(c1)的例子还包括聚己内酯二醇和聚己内酯三醇。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,无规聚氨酯(C)包括这样的聚氨酯,其还含有(c3)具有至少一个羧酸基团或至少一个磺酸基团/每分子的共聚化合物,也简称为化合物(c3)。
化合物(c3)的例子是二胺、氨基醇和特别是具有至少一个羧酸基团或至少一个磺酸基团/每分子的二醇。具体例子是2,2-二(羟基甲基)丙酸、二(羟基甲基)乙酸和2,2-二(羟基甲基)丁酸,以及:
其中R4可以是甲基,或优选氢,和
其中M选自氢、碱金属离子和铵离子,它们是被取代的或未取代的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,(c1)∶(c2)的摩尔比是在1∶2至2∶1的范围内,最优选(c1)∶(c2)的摩尔比是1∶1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,(c1)或(c2)∶(c3)的摩尔比是在1∶2至2∶1的范围内。
聚氨酯(C)可以使用一种或多种催化剂制备。有用的催化剂特别加速了二异氰酸酯的NCO基团和带有两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的羟基和氨基之间的反应,所述催化剂通常是本领域已知的叔胺,例子是三乙胺、二甲基环己胺、N-甲基吗啉、N,N’-二甲基哌嗪、2-(二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、偶氮双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷等,以及尤其是有机金属化合物,例如钛酸酯,铁化合物,例如乙酰基丙酮化铁(III),锆化合物或铋化合物,例子是锌或铋与脂族羧酸形成的盐,脂族羧酸尤其是乙酸或脂肪酸,例如硬脂酸;锡化合物,例如乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸锡或脂族羧酸的锡二烷基盐的二烷基衍生物,例如二乙酸二正丁基锡、二月桂酸二正丁基锡等。一种或多种催化剂的用量通常是0.0001-0.1重量份/100重量份二异氰酸酯。
本发明的一个实施方案包括用碱中和无规聚氨酯(C)的强酸性基团,例如游离的羧酸基团或磺酸基团,碱例如是碱金属氢氧化物。中和优选用挥发性碱进行,例如伯胺、仲胺或叔胺,例子是甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、异丙胺、乙基二异丙胺、二正丁基胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、正丙基二乙醇胺、正丁基二乙醇胺或N,N-二甲基乙醇胺。特别优选用氨进行中和。
本发明的含水配料可以任选地还含有(D)至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体,在下文中简称为聚丙烯酸酯(D)。
聚丙烯酸酯(D)不含或不涉及含已共聚的共聚单体的粘合剂,例如含有共聚的N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺的粘合剂。聚丙烯酸酯(D)还不含或不涉及N-羟甲基脲衍生物。
在本发明方法中使用的含水配料因此通常不含含有能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体的粘合剂。
聚丙烯酸酯(D)在这里指加成共聚物,其通过至少两种共聚单体的自由基共聚获得,其中至少一种共聚单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯,优选(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C10烷基酯,并优选占聚丙烯酸酯(D)的至少50重量%。
本发明的一个实施方案从含有以下共聚单体的共聚物中选择聚丙烯酸酯(D):共聚的(甲基)丙烯酸,共聚的在分子中具有环氧基的共聚单体例如(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,共聚的(甲基)丙烯酸ω-C2-C10-羟基烷基酯,或共聚的通式I醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯:
其中
R5选自支化和优选未支化的C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基,或更优选未支化的C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基和正丁基。
可用于本发明的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯包括一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯与例如(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或(甲基)丙烯酸C2-C10-羟基烷基酯和任选一种或多种其它共聚的共聚单体的共聚物。有用的其它共聚单体包括例如芳族乙烯基化合物,例如α-甲基苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯和尤其是苯乙烯,以及(甲基)丙烯酰胺、氯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯腈。
特别合适的(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯是例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正癸酯。
特别合适的(甲基)丙烯酸的ω-羟基-C2-C10亚烷基酯的例子尤其是(甲基)丙烯酸ω-羟基-C2-C10烷基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸6-羟基己基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟基丙基酯和特别是(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯。
优选的方案从这些聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯选择聚丙烯酸酯(D),其以共聚形式含有例如一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸和至少一种选自(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸的C2-C10羟基烷基酯,任选地还有一种或多种其它共聚单体。
聚丙烯酸酯(D)可以具有5000-1,000,000g/mol范围内的分子量Mn。
聚丙烯酸酯(D)优选通过合适共聚单体的自由基(共)聚合获得,优选通过自由基乳液共聚,在下文中简称为自由基乳液聚合。
为了用于本发明所用的含水配料中,含有共聚的(甲基)丙烯酸的聚丙烯酸酯(D)中,共聚的(甲基)丙烯酸的羧基可以以游离形式存在或以完全或部分中和的形式存在,例如用碱、用氨或用胺完全或部分地中和。特别有用的胺包括例如叔胺,例如(C1-C4烷基)3N,尤其是三乙胺,以及链烷醇胺,例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和N-(正丁基)乙醇胺。但是,非常特别优选使用用氨部分或完全中和的聚丙烯酸酯(D)。
聚丙烯酸酯(D)优选以分散在水中的球形粒子的形式产生。球形粒子可以具有例如10nm至10μm范围内的平均直径,优选20nm至1μm。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料含有至少一种表面活性剂(E),其可以是阳离子性、阴离子性或优选非离子性的。
阳离子表面活性剂(E)的例子是多重C2-C4烷氧基化的脂族二胺、三胺和四胺,尤其是5-50倍乙氧基化的乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺。这些阳离子表面活性剂(E)特别能与颜料(A)在颜料制剂中组合。
有用的阴离子表面活性剂(E)的例子是例如下述物质的碱金属盐和铵盐:烷基硫酸酯(烷基:C8-C12)、乙氧基化烷醇的硫酸半酯(乙氧基化度:3-30,烷基:C10-C20,优选C12-C18)、乙氧基化烷基酚(乙氧基化度:3-50,烷基:C4-C12)、烷基磺酸(烷基:C12-C18)和烷基芳基磺酸(烷基:C9-C18)。
非离子表面活性剂(E)的例子是乙氧基化单、二和三烷基酚(乙氧基化度:3-50,烷基:C4-C12)以及乙氧基化脂肪醇(乙氧基化度:3-80;烷基:C8-C36)。实例为BASF Aktiengesellschaft的牌产品。
优选的非离子表面活性剂(E)的例子是单烷氧基化或多烷氧基化的脂肪醇,优选丙氧基化的脂肪醇,和特别是多重、例如3-100重乙氧基化的脂肪醇,羰基合成醇,和特别是芳基聚二醇醚,例如式IIIa至IIIc:
其中:
Ar在每种情况下是不同的或任选相同的C6-C14芳基,例如苯基、萘基或菲基,它们是未取代的或被取代一次或多次,尤其是被支化或未支化的C1-C4烷基取代,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基,或被烷基芳基取代,例如苯乙烯基;优选的取代的苯基各自在2、6位或在2、4、6位被C1-C4烷基取代。
t在每种情况下是不同的或优选相同的,选自1-100范围内的数,优选2-50,更优选3-20。
本发明的含水配料可以还含有一种或多种辅助组分(F)。
辅助组分(F)包括例如增稠剂(增稠试剂)、溶剂、消泡剂、润湿剂、手感改进剂、分散剂、保水剂、抗沉降剂和/或杀微生物剂。增稠剂和消泡剂是优选的辅助组分。
本发明的含水配料可以含有例如一种或多种天然增稠剂或优选一种或多种合成增稠剂。天然增稠剂是天然产物,或通过处理例如提纯操作获得的那些,尤其是天然产物的萃取。无机天然增稠剂的例子是片状硅酸盐,例如膨润土。有机天然增稠剂的例子是优选蛋白质,例如酪蛋白或优选多糖。特别优选的天然增稠剂是选自琼脂、鹿角菜胶、阿拉伯胶、藻酸盐,例如藻酸钠、藻酸钾、藻酸铵、藻酸钙和丙二醇藻酸盐、果胶、多糖、刺槐豆胶(Carubin)和糊精。
优选使用选自以下的合成增稠剂,一般是合成聚合物的液体溶液、乳液和分散液,特别是丙烯酸酯,例如在白油中,或作为水溶液。用做增稠剂的合成聚合物含有酸基团,它们被氨完全中和或中和到一定的百分比。在固定操作的过程中,氨释放出来,降低了pH,并开始实际的固定。为了固定所需的pH降低可以另外通过加入挥发性酸来进行,例如柠檬酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸或苹果酸。相似地,磷酸二铵和磷酸钠二铵用于降低pH。
非常特别优选的合成增稠剂是选自85-99.9重量%的丙烯酸、0-14重量%的丙烯酰胺和0.01%至不超过1重量%的式IV的(甲基)丙烯酰胺衍生物:
其具有100,000-2,000,000g/mol范围内的分子量Mw,其中R6各自可以是相同或不同的,并可以各自代表甲基或氢。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种溶剂,其中在本发明中理解为有机溶剂,例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种消泡剂。合适的消泡剂是例如有机硅消泡剂,例如式HO-(CH2)3-Si(CH3)[OSi(CH3)3]2和HO-(CH2)3-Si(CH3)[OSi(CH3)3][OSi(CH3)2OSi(CH3)3]的那些,它们是非烷氧基化的或被最多20当量的环氧烷烷氧基化,特别是被环氧乙烷烷氧基化。不含硅的消泡剂也是合适的,例如多重烷氧基化的醇,例如脂肪醇烷氧基化物,优选2-50倍乙氧基化的优选未支化的C10-C20链烷醇,未支化的C10-C20链烷醇和2-乙基己-1-醇。其它合适的消泡剂是脂肪酸C8-C20烷基酯,优选硬脂酸C10-C20烷基酯,在每种情况下C8-C20烷基和优选C10-C20烷基可以是支化或未支化的。其它合适的消泡剂是磷酸三烷基酯,例如磷酸三异丁基酯。
本发明的含水配料可以含有例如一种或多种润湿剂,优选低起泡润湿剂,因为起泡会通过形成不平整处而损害处理质量。所用的润湿剂包括例如:脂肪醇或环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物的乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化产物,乙氧基化或丙氧基化的脂肪醇或羰基合成醇,以及油酸或烷基酚、烷基酚醚硫酸盐、烷基多苷、烷基膦酸盐、烷基苯基膦酸盐、烷基磷酸盐或烷基苯基磷酸盐的乙氧基化物。
本发明的含水配料还可以含有一种或多种手感改进剂,通常选自有机硅,尤其是聚二甲基硅氧烷,以及脂肪酸酯。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种分散剂。合适的分散剂的例子是被芳基或烷基取代的聚二醇醚,以及在US4,218,218中描述的物质,以及同系物,其中y在10-37范围内(来自US4,218,218中的结构式)。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种保水剂。脲是合适保水剂的例子。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种杀微生物剂。合适的杀微生物剂是例如作为Proxel品牌销售。可以提到的例子是:1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮(“BIT”)(可作为Proxel品牌从Avecia Lim获得)及其碱金属盐;其它合适的杀微生物剂是2-甲基-2H-异噻唑-3-酮(“MIT”)和5-氯-2-甲基-2H-异噻唑-3-酮(“CIT”)。
合适的抗沉降剂的例子是硅酸盐和硅胶,例如平均粒子直径(尤其是二级粒子直径)是在10-500nm范围内,尤其是热解法硅胶。合适的热解法硅胶例如可作为品牌获得。
本发明的含水配料可以含有一种或多种消泡剂作为辅助组分(F),尤其是如果它们要用于涂布的话,消泡剂的例子是脂肪酸的铵盐,优选硬脂酸铵。
辅助组分(F)可以具有多于一种功能,例如,多重乙氧基化的脂肪醇、例如n-C18H37O(CH2CH2O)15H可以同时用做润湿剂、用做乳化剂和用做低起泡分散剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料含有:
0.05-10重量%的、优选0.5-3重量%的颜料(A),
0.1-15重量%、优选0.2-6重量%的碳二酰亚胺(B),
0.1-20重量%、优选2.5-10重量%的无规聚氨酯(C),
0-25重量%、优选0.5-20重量%的聚丙烯酸酯(D),
0-5重量%、优选0.1-1重量%的表面活性剂(E),
0至总共10重量%、优选0.1-5重量%的辅助组分(F)。
这些重量百分比各自是基于本发明的含水配料总量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料含有1-15重量%、优选1.5-10重量%、更优选2-5重量%的聚丙烯酸酯(D)。当本发明的含水配料作为印刷浆料用于印刷基材的工艺时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料含有10-25重量%、优选12-20重量%的聚丙烯酸酯(D)。当本发明的含水配料用于涂布基材的工艺时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料含有0.5-15重量%、优选最多5重量%的聚丙烯酸酯(D)。当本发明的含水配料作为液体用于染色基材的工艺或作为油墨用于喷墨工艺印刷时,此实施方案是优选的。
有许多本发明的实施方案,其中优选本发明的含水配料含有至少一种聚丙烯酸酯(D)。但是,在要着色由聚酯组成的基材的那些实施方案中,优选本发明的含水配料不含聚丙烯酸酯(D)。
本发明的含水配料还包含水。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料选自含水印刷浆料、染色液、涂覆浆料和用于纤维非织造网固结的浆料。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料的水含量是60-95重量%,优选80-95重量%。当本发明的含水配料作为印刷浆料用于印刷基材时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料的水含量是20-80重量%,优选70重量%。当本发明的含水配料用于涂覆基材的工艺时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料的水含量是90-98重量%。当本发明的含水配料作为液体用于染色基材的工艺时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料的pH是在7-9的范围内,优选7-8.5。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料的固含量是0.5-70%,优选1-30%,更优选1-25%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的含水配料具有在23℃下10-100dPa.s范围内的动态粘度,优选20-30dPa.s,例如通过旋转粘度仪测定,例如使用Haake粘度仪。当本发明的含水配料含有印刷浆料时,上述粘度范围是特别适用的。
本发明还提供本发明的含水配料用于着色基材的用途。本发明还提供通过使用至少一种本发明的含水配料来着色基材的方法。
有用的基材包括:
纤维素材料,例如纸、纸板、卡纸板、木材和木基材料,它们可以各自是涂有清漆的或是被涂覆的;
金属材料,例如由铝、铁、铜、银、金、锌或它们的合金组成的箔、片材或工件,它们可以各自是涂有清漆的或是被涂覆的;
硅酸盐材料,例如玻璃、搪瓷和陶瓷,它们也可以各自是被涂覆的;
任何种类的聚合物材料,例如聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯,蜜胺树脂,聚丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯腈,聚氨酯,聚碳酸酯,聚氯乙烯,聚乙烯醇,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,和相应的共聚物,包括嵌段共聚物、可生物降解的聚合物,和天然聚合物例如明胶,特别是聚酯或聚丙烯或者聚酯和聚丙烯的混合物;
皮革(天然和人造的)是光面革、粒面革或绒面革的形式;
食品和化妆品;
和尤其是:织物基材和织物,例如织造物、针织品、非织造物和衣物,它们由例如以下材料制成:聚酯、改性的聚酯,多于两种材料的混纺织物,例如聚酯混纺织物和棉混纺织物,纤维素材料,例如棉、黄麻、亚麻、大麻和青麻,粘胶纤维、羊毛、丝绸、聚酰胺、聚酰胺混纺织物、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚四氢呋喃、三乙酸酯、乙酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯和玻璃纤维织物,更优选聚酯、聚丙烯或者聚酯和聚丙烯的混合物,以及与例如棉形成的聚酯共混物,以及聚酯微纤维。
本发明的着色基材的方法,在下文中简称为本发明的着色方法,可以根据本身已知的工艺进行。涂覆和印刷、点轧或浸轧、刮刀涂和喷涂是例如合适的。印刷方法和尤其丝网印刷方法和刮刀方法是特别合适的。当基材含有织物时,通过织物染色工艺染色例如浸轧也是可能的。
本发明的着色工艺是通过用至少一种本发明的含水配料处理要着色的基材进行的。这可以例如通过均匀处理或通过将图案施用到要着色的基材上进行。为了涂覆多色图案,含有不同着色颜料(A)的两种或更多种本发明的含水配料可以组装成系列,并可以用不同的含水配料接连进行处理。
本发明的一个实施方案包括通过涂覆50-150g含水配料/m2基材、优选70-130g含水配料/m2基材来进行本发明的着色方法,基于100%覆盖率计。当本发明的着色方法作为印刷方法实施时,此实施方案是优选的。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可以实施本发明的着色方法以获得20-90%的吸湿量。当本发明的着色方法作为染色工艺实施时,此实施方案是优选的。例如,吸湿量可以对于聚酯基材而言在20-60%的范围内选择,优选30-60%,和对于棉基材而言在40-90%的范围内选择,优选50-80%。
在本发明着色方法的一个实施方案中,用含水配料处理基材之后可以按一个或多个处理步骤进行热处理。可以例如进行热干燥和热固定,优选在70-120℃的温度下干燥30秒到30分钟的时间,和/或任选地在干燥操作之后在140-200℃的温度固定30秒到15分钟。
本发明还提供着色的基材,优选由聚酯或聚酯共混物组成,其已经被本发明的着色工艺着色。本发明的着色基材具有优异的一般不褪色性,例如耐洗性和耐磨性,尤其是耐磨性,并且当加热时不会分解出甲醛或可检测量的甲醛。
本发明还提供一种生产本发明含水配料的方法,在下文中简称为本发明的生产方法,所述方法包括将以下组分混合:
(A)至少一种颜料,
(B)至少一种碳二酰亚胺,
(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,
(D)任选地至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体,
(E)任选地至少一种表面活性剂,和
(F)任选地一种或多种辅助组分,
并任选地用水稀释。
添加组分(A)至(F)的顺序是可以自由选择的。为了使用一种或多种增稠剂作为辅助组分(F),优选最后加入一种或多种增稠剂,或在用水稀释前立即加入。
生产本发明配料的本发明方法可以在任何所需的容器中进行。为了使用作为辅助组分(F)的一种或多种增稠剂,优选在高速搅拌器的帮助下进行混合,例如Ultra-Thurrax。
本发明的生产方法可以在1-80℃、优选5-35℃的温度范围内进行。
下面通过工作实施例说明本发明。
主要说明:
游离(分离)的甲醛的含量在每种情况下是根据Law 112和根据AATCC 112方法(EN ISO 14184部分1和2)、DIN ISO 14184-1和DINEN ISO 14184-2检测的。
I.制备本发明含水配料的组分
I.2制备聚丙烯酸酯(D.1)
分散或乳化的加成共聚物的粒子直径分布是使用Coulter Counter(来自Malvern)按照ISO 13321检测的。动态粘度总是使用Brookfield粘度计根据DIN 51562-1至4检测。
制备以下混合物:
混合物I.1.1:
203g的完全无离子水
17.9g 28重量%的n-C12H25(OCH2CH2)3OSO3Na(表面活性剂(E.1))水溶液
245.2g丙烯酸正丁酯、134.8g苯乙烯、20g新蒸馏的丙烯酸
混合物I.1.2:在80ml完全无离子水中的0.8g Na2S2O8
混合物I.1.3:在80ml完全无离子水中的0.4g HO-CH2-O-SO2Na
向配有搅拌器、氮气连接器和三个计量装置的5升罐中装入包含160ml完全无离子水和9.1g聚苯乙烯种子(平均直径30nm,33重量%的水悬浮液)的悬浮液。使氮气通过悬浮液1小时。然后将混合物加热到75℃。
然后开始同时添加混合物I.1.1,混合物I.1.2和混合物I.1.3。混合物I.1.1在3小时内添加,混合物I.1.2和混合物I.1.3在3小时15分钟内添加。在添加期间,温度维持在75℃。
在完成添加后,在75℃将批料再搅拌30分钟,并为了除臭,随后经90分钟的时间,同时计量加入2g氢过氧化叔丁基(在水中70重量%)在23ml蒸馏水中的溶液和2g亚硫酸氢丙酮在23.5ml蒸馏水中的溶液。
在此之后冷却到室温,添加0.5g 20重量%的1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮的丙二醇溶液和10ml蒸馏水的混合物,随后搅拌10分钟。
然后用大约4g的25重量%氨水将pH调节到5。
由此获得的分散体随后经由125μm的网过滤。过滤耗时4分钟。结果除去了大约2g凝块。
这产生聚丙烯酸酯(D.1)的水分散体,其固含量为38.6重量%,动态粘度为45mPa·s。粒子直径分布:最大值在156nm。
I.2制备无规聚氨酯(C.1)
在1m3搅拌容器中,将分子量Mw为800g/mol且通过间苯二甲酸、己二酸和1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷(异构体混合物)按照1∶1∶2的摩尔比缩聚制备的81.1kg聚酯醇(c2.1)加热到110℃。容器的内部温度升高到140℃直到聚酯醇(c2.1)作为透明熔体存在。然后通过冷却到80℃并添加10.5kg的新戊二醇(c1.1)和11kg的2,2-二(羟基甲基)丙酸(d3.1)。此体系冷却到60℃,并与82.8kg的4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和185.4kg的四氢呋喃(THF)混合。此反应是通过添加44g的二月桂酸二正丁锡开始的。此混合物在60℃搅拌直到仅仅1.05%的异氰酸酯能通过滴定法检测。将此体系冷却到45℃,然后先与9.8kg的二乙醇胺混合,溶解在50kg的THF中,然后用8.3kg的三乙胺中和,溶解在8kg的THF中。在添加610.3kg水后,蒸馏出THF,留下无规聚氨酯(C.1)的水分散液,其固含量是27.5%。
Mn:4800g/mol,Mw:14,300g/mol,pH:8.1,
平均粒子直径:100nm。
II.制备本发明的含水配料
II.1制备本发明的印刷浆料
使用以下组分:
颜料(A.1):颜料制剂
以下组分在Drais Superflow DCP SF 12搅拌式球磨机中研磨:
2640g的颜料蓝15:3
460g的n-C18H37O(CH2CH2O)25H(表面活性剂(E.2))
600g的甘油
2300g的蒸馏水
继续研磨直到颜料粒子具有100nm的平均直径,得到颜料制剂P(A.1)。
碳二酰亚胺(B):
(B.1):以具有滴定测量NCO含量为6.7重量%的间-TMXDI为基础的碳二酰亚胺。这对应于约4.2个碳二酰亚胺基团/分子。
表面活性剂:
辅助组分:
(F.1)丙烯酸(92重量%)、丙烯酰胺(7.6重量%)、亚甲基二丙烯酰胺IV.1(0.4重量%)的无规共聚物的26重量%水溶液,定量地用氨(25重量%水溶液)中和,分子量Mw是约150,000g/mol:
(F.2):HO-(CH2CH2O)3-(CH2)3-Si(CH3)[OSi(CH3)3][OSi(CH3)2OSi(CH3)3](作为30重量%的丙二醇溶液)
(F.3):聚二甲基硅氧烷,Mn=5000g/mol
(F.4):1,4-环己烷二羧酸二正壬基酯
本发明的印刷浆料按照以下总体条件制备:
表1的组分在搅拌容器中按照以下顺序混合:将200ml水和表面活性剂(E.3)作为初始装料。当pH低于8时,通过添加25重量%的氨水溶液将pH调节到8.5。随后,在搅拌下加入碳二酰亚胺(B.1)和任选地加入表中的聚丙烯酸酯(D.1)。随后,在搅拌下加入表(F.1)中的无规聚氨酯(C.1)、任选的其它辅助组分和最后P(A.1)。将此混合物用水补足到1L,随后用Ultra-Turrax型高速搅拌器以约600转/分钟的速度搅拌15分钟。
这得到本发明的印刷浆料,如表1和2所示,以及在其中一个或多个上述组分被省略时的那些情况下的相应的对比印刷浆料。
表1:本发明的含聚丙烯酸酯的印刷浆料WF.1和WF.2和对比印刷浆料V-WF.3的组成
[g] | WF.1 | WF.2 | V-WF.3 |
P(A.1) | 20 | 20 | 20 |
(B.1) | 9 | 9 | 9 |
(C.1)(对应于固体的克数) | 50(13.75) | 100(27.5) | - |
(D.1) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
(E.3) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
(F.1) | 40 | 40 | 40 |
(F.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NH3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
水 | 774 | 724 | 824 |
注:所有报告量的总值。
表2:本发明的不含聚丙烯酸酯的印刷浆料WF.4至WF.14和对比印刷浆料V-WF.15和V-WF.16的组成
WF.4 | WF.5 | WF.6 | WF.7 | WF.8 | WF.9 | WF.10 | |
P(A.1) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
(B.1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
(C.1) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 150 |
(D.1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(E.3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
(F.1) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
(F.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NH3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
水 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 |
所有报告数据的单位是g/100g印刷浆料
NH3表示25重量%水溶液的量
表2(续)
WF.11 | WF.12 | WF.13 | WF.14 | V-WF.15 | V-WF.16 | |
P(A.1) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
(B.1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
(C.1) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | - | - |
(D.1) | 100 | 100 | ||||
(E.3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
(F.1) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
(F.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
(F.3) | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | - |
(F.4) | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | - |
NH3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
水 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 |
II.2制备本发明的染色液和对比染色液
所用的组分(除了(II.1)下已列出的那些):
(D.2):由46.3%丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、28.7%苯乙烯、10%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10%丙烯腈、5%丙烯酸组成的无规共聚物的水分散液(固含量是48.4%)。平均粒子直径:269nm,pH:6.8。
(D.3):乙烯和丙烯酸的无规共聚物,共聚单体比率=85∶15(重量份),用NH3中和,pH=9,是25重量%的分散液,在DIN 5杯中的流出时间(DIN53211)是72s。
(E.4):C13/C15羰基合成醇混合物,被5摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化,
(E.5):被15摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化、然后被3摩尔环氧丙烷丙氧基化的2-乙基己基醇,
(F.5):从丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺形成的无规共聚物,共聚单体比率=70∶30(重量份),是25重量%的分散液,在20℃下的动态粘度是5000mPa.s。
表3的组分一起搅拌。实施例14-21的染色液是通过用高速搅拌器将所述组分一起搅拌而制备的。
表3:制备本发明的染色液WF.18至WF.24和对比染色液V-WF.17
WF.17 | WF.18 | WF.19 | WF.20 | WF.21 | WF.22 | WF.23 | WF.24 | |
P(A.1). | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
(B.1) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 12 | 20 |
(C.1) | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
(D.1) | 50 | |||||||
(D.2) | 100 | |||||||
(D.3) | 100 | 100 | ||||||
(F.5) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
(E.4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
(E.5) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
(F.1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Perapret PU | 100 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 100 |
所有量的单位是g/1000g染色液。它们是重量总和。
III.织物的着色
III.1用本发明的含水印刷浆料和对比印刷浆料印刷聚酯织物
用本发明的印刷浆料WF.1、本发明的印刷浆料WF.2和对比印刷浆料V-WF.3分别印刷白色聚酯织物(基重=120g/m2),其中使用印刷辊(直径6mm)在条形模板上移动(E55筛目),磁力拉伸水平是6。
将织物在干燥室中在80℃干燥5分钟达到约10%的残余水分含量,随后在热空气室中在150℃固定5分钟,得到本发明的着色聚酯PES.1、本发明的着色聚酯PES.2和对比聚酯V-PES.3。
本发明的着色聚酯PES.1和本发明的着色聚酯PES.2没有可测量的甲醛释放。
测得了表4的耐洗性。
表4:着色织物PES.1、PES.2和V-PES.3的耐洗性
PES.1 | PES.2 | V-PES.3 | |
湿耐磨性 | 3-4 | 3-4 | 2 |
湿耐磨性是按EN ISO 105 C03检测的。评价实验织物的颜色变浅程度。
织物重量为95g/m2的白色聚酯微纤维用本发明印刷浆料WF.4至WF.14之一或用对比印刷浆料V-WF.15和V-WF.16之一印刷,其中使用印刷辊(直径6mm)在条形模板上移动(E55筛目),磁力拉伸水平是6。
将织物在干燥室中在80℃干燥5分钟达到约10%的残余水分含量,随后在热空气室中在150℃固定5分钟,得到本发明的着色聚酯PES.4至PES.14和对比聚酯V-PES.15和V-PES.16。
本发明的着色聚酯PES.4至PES.14没有可测量的甲醛释放。
通过各自按照DIN EN ISO 105-C07在热处理之前和之后进行沸腾摩擦洗涤来评价印刷情况(Textiles-Color-Fastness Tests Part C07:Colorfastness to Wet Scrubbing of Pigment-Printed Textiles(ISO105-C07:1999);德国版本EN ISO 105-C07:2001)。
发现了表5的不褪色性。
表5:根据本发明印刷的PES.4至PES.14聚酯微纤维织物和对比织物V.PES.15和V-PES.16的不褪色性
沸腾擦洗 | 干耐磨性 | 湿耐磨性 | |
PES.4 | 3 | 3-4 | 3 |
PES.5 | 4 | 4 | 3-4 |
PES.6 | 4-5 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.7 | 4-5 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.8 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
PES.9 | 5 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.10 | 5 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.11 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
PES.12 | 4 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.13 | 4-5 | 4-5 | 4 |
PES.14 | 4-5 | 4-5 | 4 |
V-PES.15 | 2-3 | 3 | 2-3 |
V-PES.16 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 3 |
III.2用本发明染色液和对比染色液染色聚丙烯
未染色的宽度为5cm的365g/m2聚丙烯带用做原料。用扎染机施用。染色的材料在干燥室中于110℃干燥90秒,达到约10%的残余水分含量,随后在热空气室中在130℃固定90秒。这之后用扎染机使用5巴的接触压力和1m/min的拉伸速度压延。
获得表6所示的根据本发明染色的聚丙烯带PP.18至PP.24和聚丙烯带PP.17。
表6:本发明染色的聚丙烯带PP.18至PP.24和对比聚丙烯带PP.17的性能,各自具有满意的性能。
PP.17 | PP.18 | PP.19 | PP.20 | PP.21 | PP.22 | PP.23 | PP.24 | |
颜色 | = | = | = | = | = | = | = | |
色调深度 | =+ | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
痕迹 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
应力致白 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
手感 | =+ | =+ | + | + | + | + | + | |
干耐磨性 | 3-4 | 4 | 4-5 | 4-5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
颜色、色调深度、痕迹和划痕、应力致白和手感各自与V-PP.17进行比较。
=:没有可检测的区别;+:能用肉眼发现显著区别,=+:用肉眼能发现轻微的改进。
Claims (13)
1.一种含水配料,其含有:
(A)至少一种颜料,
(B)至少一种碳二酰亚胺,
(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,和
(D)任选地至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体。
2.权利要求1的含水配料,其中无规聚氨酯(C)包括含有具有2-10个碳原子/每分子的共聚脂族二醇(c1)的聚氨酯。
3.权利要求1或2的含水配料,其中无规聚氨酯(C)包括含有共聚的聚酯多元醇(c2)的聚氨酯。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的含水配料,其中碳二酰亚胺(B)包含聚合的碳二酰亚胺。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的含水配料,其中无规聚氨酯(C)包括含有共聚的具有至少一个羧酸基团或至少一个磺酸基团/每分子的化合物(c3)的聚氨酯。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的含水配料,其含有至少一种表面活性剂(E)。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的含水配料,其选自含水印刷浆料、染色液、涂覆浆料和用于纤维非织造物网固结的浆料。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的含水配料用于着色基材的用途。
9.通过使用至少一种权利要求1-7中任一项的含水配料着色基材的方法。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中基材含有聚酯或聚丙烯或者聚酯和聚丙烯的混合物。
11.权利要求9或10的方法,其中基材含有织物基材。
12.一种可通过权利要求9-11中任一项的方法获得的着色的基材。
13.一种制备权利要求1-7中任一项的含水配料的方法,包括将以下组分一起混合:
(A)至少一种颜料,
(B)至少一种碳二酰亚胺,
(C)至少一种无规聚氨酯,
(D)任选地至少一种聚丙烯酸酯,其不含能在暴露于100-250℃的温度时分离出1当量甲醛/摩尔的已共聚的共聚单体,和
(E)任选地至少一种表面活性剂。
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