CN101680160A - 用于浸渍赋予对抗害虫的保护活性的非活体材料的含水配制剂及方法 - Google Patents
用于浸渍赋予对抗害虫的保护活性的非活体材料的含水配制剂及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101680160A CN101680160A CN200880019776A CN200880019776A CN101680160A CN 101680160 A CN101680160 A CN 101680160A CN 200880019776 A CN200880019776 A CN 200880019776A CN 200880019776 A CN200880019776 A CN 200880019776A CN 101680160 A CN101680160 A CN 101680160A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于浸渍非活体材料,优选织物材料的配制剂,该配制剂包含至少一种农药和至少含有乙烯和不饱和羧酸作为单体的聚合物粘合剂;一种浸渍这类材料的方法;和这类经浸渍材料用作蚊帐和用于保护植物及其它物品的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于浸渍非活体材料,优选纺织材料的含水配制剂,该配制剂包含至少一种农药和至少含有乙烯和不饱和羧酸作为单体的聚合物粘合剂;一种浸渍这类材料的方法;和这类经浸渍材料用作蚊帐和用于保护植物及其它物品的用途。
在热带国家,传染性疾病经常由叮咬昆虫或吸血昆虫传播。除了如疫苗接种的医学方法外,已重点研究防治这类传播性昆虫的方法。防治这类昆虫的方法包括处理棚屋和房屋的表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘和床帐。后者可通过将纺织材料浸入杀虫剂的乳液或分散体中或将杀虫剂喷至床帐上而进行。由于该处理仅提供了杀虫剂分子对防治材料表面的松散粘合,该处理不耐洗并且在每次洗涤之后必须重复进行。
为此,已重点研究使用某些粘合剂和/或其它助剂将这类杀虫剂长期固定于纺织材料上以便获得在每次洗涤之后不必再处理,但长期保持其活性的纺织材料。
WO 01/37662公开了用于杀死昆虫或蜱和/或驱除昆虫或蜱的浸渍网或织物,其包含杀虫剂和/或驱除剂以及成膜组分,该成膜组分通过形成耐水性以及任选耐油性膜而减少杀虫剂组分从网或织物上洗掉和降解。成膜组分包含一种或多种选自如下的组分:石蜡油或蜡衍生物、硅衍生物、硅油或蜡衍生物以及多氟烃衍生物。
WO 03/034823公开了施用于织物材料的杀虫剂组合物,该组合物包含杀虫剂、共聚物粘合剂和分散剂。共聚物粘合剂以共聚物乳液制备,该共聚物乳液通过乳液聚合技术由选自至少一种如下的单体产生:a)具有1-18个碳原子的脂族酸的乙烯酯如乙酸乙烯酯和支链烷烃羧酸(vinyl versatate)的乙烯酯;b)具有1-18个碳原子的醇的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯如丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸甲酯;和c)单-和二烯属不饱和烃如苯乙烯和脂族二烯如丁二烯。
US 5,631,072公开了使用聚合物粘合剂和交联剂或通过用聚合物粘合剂和增稠剂表面涂覆而制备杀虫剂浸渍的织物。该粘合剂可为丙烯酸粘合剂或聚乙酸乙烯酯。
WO 2005/64072公开了使用丙烯酸粘合剂浸渍纺织材料,该粘合剂包含丙烯酸正丁酯和至少一种包含适于使用合适交联剂交联的羟基的丙烯酸单体。浸渍和交联可在升高温度下使用常用于纺织物处理的设备进行。
WO 2006/128870公开了一种用于浸渍非活体材料,尤其是纺织材料的组合物,该组合物包含N-芳基肼衍生物和至少一种聚合物粘合剂。粘合剂可选自聚丙烯酸酯或其共聚物,至少如乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。粘合剂优选可在升高温度下交联。
尽管在升高温度下交联粘合剂提供良好长期性能,但其需要用于在升高温度下处理纺织材料的特定设备。然而,在热带国家,通常需在当地浸渍纺织材料,而无在升高温度下处理纺织材料的复杂设备可用。在使用经浸渍床帐预防虫媒传播疾病(例如疟疾)的情况下,期望通过在无特定技术设备的情况下现场处理来对已存在但未经处理的床帐当场提供持久的杀虫效果。
本发明目的为提供一种用农药浸渍纺织材料的方法,该方法可在环境温度下进行,然而却得到一种即使在多次洗涤之后仍保持农药活性的纺织材料。此外,本发明目的为提供适用于该浸渍方法中的配制剂。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现该问题可使用包含乙烯和不饱和羧酸作为单体的聚合物粘合剂解决。
在第一个实施方案中,本发明涉及具有农药和聚合物粘合剂的用于处理非活体材料的含水配制剂,其中该配制剂至少包含:
(A)农药;
(B)分散在含水配制剂中的具有1500-20000g/mol的平均分子量Mn的包含以下单体的聚合物粘合剂:
(B1)60-95重量%的乙烯;
(B2)5-40重量%的至少一种不饱和羧酸,其选自:
(B2a)单烯属不饱和C3-C10单羧酸;和
(B2b)单烯属不饱和C4-C10二羧酸;
和
(B3)任选的0-30重量%的其它烯属不饱和单体,其可与(B1)和(B2)共聚;
其中单体的量在每种情况下基于所用全部单体的总量;和
(C)水或包含至少65重量%水的含水溶剂混合物。
在第二个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种通过使用该配制剂浸渍非活体材料来制备农药处理的非活体材料的方法。浸渍材料优选可为纺织材料。
在第三个实施方案中,本发明涉及这类浸渍材料,尤其是这类浸渍的纺织材料在保护人类、动物和材料防止有害生物体中的用途。
下列细节与本发明有关:
配制剂
本发明的配制剂至少包含农药(A)、聚合物粘合剂(B)、溶剂组分(C)和任选的其它组分(D)。
农药(A)
此处使用的术语″农药″包括适用于对抗有害生物体的任何种类的活性成分,尤其是杀虫剂、驱除剂、杀真菌剂、杀软体动物剂和杀鼠剂。
如果上下文中未另外说明,则此处使用的术语″杀虫剂″包括具有杀节肢动物(arthropodicidal)(具体而言杀虫、杀蜱和杀螨)活性的试剂。
如果上下文中未另外说明,则此处使用的术语″杀真菌剂″包括具有杀真菌、杀微生物和杀病毒活性的试剂。
杀虫剂和/或驱除剂优选对昆虫具有快速麻痹或杀死作用且具有低哺乳动物毒性。合适的杀虫剂和/或驱除剂是本领域熟练技术人员已知的。合适的杀虫剂和驱除剂公开在E.C.Tomlin等人,The Pesticide Manual(农药手册),第13版,英国作物保护委员会(The British Crop Protection Council),Farn-ham 2003及其中引用的文献中。
进行本发明的优选杀虫剂和/或驱除剂包括公开在WO 2005/64072第11页第28行至第14页第34行中的那些。
杀虫剂的其它实例包括如WO 2006/128870第12页第1行至第18页第37行中所公开的N-芳基肼衍生物:烟碱乙酰胆碱受体激动剂如吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、烟碱(nicotine)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、硫环杀(thiocyclam)、多杀菌素(spinosyns);氯通道活化剂如:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素(emamectin benzoate)、米尔螨素(milbemectin);拟保幼激素如:蒙五一二(hydroprene)、蒙七七七(kinoprene)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen);选择性进食阻断剂(selective feedingblocker)如:冰晶石(cryolite)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);螨虫生长抑制剂如:四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯噁唑(etoxazole);微生物杀虫剂如:苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(B.t.aizawai)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库斯克亚种(B.t.kurstaki)、苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种(B.t.tenebrionis)、球形芽孢杆菌(B.sphaericus);氧化磷酸化抑制剂、ATP形成干扰剂如:杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、唑环锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)、克螨特(propargite)、三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon);氧化磷酸化的去偶剂如:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、DNOC;几丁质生物合成抑制剂如:定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟佐隆(fluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、纽伏隆(noviflumuron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin);蜕皮激素拮抗剂和蜕皮干扰剂如:灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin)、环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenazide);章鱼胺激动剂(octopamineergic agonist)如:虫螨脒(amitraz);偶联位点II电子传输抑制剂(coupling site II electron transportinhibitor)如:伏蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、亚醌螨(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim);偶联位点I电子传输抑制剂如:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧胺苯醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、鱼藤酮(rotenone);电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂如:噁二唑虫(indoxacarb);类脂合成抑制剂如:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen);线粒体复合物IV电子传输抑制剂(mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor)如:磷化物、氰化物、膦;神经元抑制剂(neuronal inhibitor)如:联苯肼酯(bifenazate);乌头酸酶(aconitase)抑制剂如:氟乙酸盐(floroacetyate);增效剂如:增效醚(pieronyl butoxide)、DEF;鱼尼汀(ryanodine)受体调节剂如:氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide);作用模式未知的化合物如:苯螨特(benzoximate)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、开乐散(dicofol)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl);或混杂型非特异性抑制剂(miscellaneous non specific inhibitor)如:硼砂(borax)、吐酒石(tartar emetic)。
合适的杀软体动物剂例如为贝螺杀(niclosamide)。
合适的杀鼠剂的实例包括公开于WO 2005/64072第18页第9行至第14行中的那些。
合适的杀真菌剂的实例包括公开于WO 2005/64072第15页第13行至第16页第4行中的那些。
合适的农药可由熟练技术人员根据配制剂的意欲用途或更具体的是待用该配制剂处理的非活体材料的意欲用途而选择。可仅使用一种农药,但是当然可使用两种或更多种不同农药的混合物。
优选的杀虫剂和/或驱除剂选自:合成除虫菊酯类如甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、醚菊酯(ethofenprox)和氯菊酯(permethrin);其它除虫菊酯类如氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin);和非除虫菊酯类如丁硫克百威(carbosulphane)。如果杀虫剂和驱除剂为手性物质,则其可以外消旋体、纯对映体或非对映体形式或以手性富集混合物的形式施用。最优选甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)。
聚合物粘合剂(B)
含水配制剂进一步包含至少一种分散或乳化于配制剂中的聚合物粘合剂(B),该粘合剂至少包含乙烯(B1)和不饱和羧酸(B2)作为单体。
聚合物粘合剂(B)具有在1500-20000g/mol,优选2000-15000g/mol范围内的平均分子量Mn,其例如可通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定。
聚合物粘合剂包含60-95重量%的乙烯作为单体(B1)。优选地,乙烯的量为70-80重量%。单体的量在每种情况下基于所用全部单体的总量。
此外,聚合物粘合剂(B)包含至少一种单烯属不饱和羧酸,该单烯属不饱和羧酸选自单烯属不饱和C3-C10单羧酸(B2a)和单烯属不饱和C4-C10二羧酸(B2b)。
优选至少一种通式I的羧酸作为单烯属不饱和羧酸(B2a):
其中变量如下所定义:
R1与R2相同或不同。
R1选自氢,和
未支化和支化的C1-C10烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基;更优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基;且特别是甲基;
R2选自未支化和支化的C1-C10烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基;更优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基;且特别是甲基;
且非常特别优选氢。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1为氢或甲基。非常特别优选R1为甲基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1为氢或甲基且R2为氢。
非常特别优选通式I的所用烯属不饱和羧酸为甲基丙烯酸。
单体(B2b)为至少一种通式(HOOC)R3C=CR4(COOH)(I)和/或R3R4C=C(-(CH2)n-COOH)(COOH)(II)的单烯属不饱和二羧酸。
也可使用两种或更多种不同单体(B2b)的混合物。在式(I)的情况下,所述单体在每种情况下可为顺式形式和/或反式形式。单体也可以相应羧酸酐或其它可水解羧酸衍生物的形式使用。如果COOH基团的位置呈顺式时,则特别有利地使用环状酸酐。
R3与R4相互独立地为H或任选取代的具有1-20个碳原子的直链或支化烷基。烷基优选具有1-4个碳原子。R3和/或R4更优选为H和/或甲基。烷基也可任选含有其它取代基,条件是这类取代基对聚合物的性能特征或方法没有不利影响。
在式(I)的情况下,R3与R4也可一起为具有3-20个碳原子,也可任选进一步取代的亚烷基。由双键和亚烷基形成的环优选包含5或6个碳原子。亚烷基的实例尤其包括也可含有其它烷基取代基的1,3-亚丙基或l,4-亚丁基。n为0-5,优选0-3,非常优选0或1的整数。
式(I)的合适的单体(B2b)的实例包括马来酸、富马酸、甲基富马酸、甲基马来酸、二甲基马来酸,以及合适的话相应的环状酸酐。式(II)的实例包括亚甲基丙二酸和衣康酸。优选使用式(I)的单体,特别优选马来酸和/或马来酸酐。
全部不饱和羧酸(B2)的量总计为4-40重量%,优选20-30重量%。
除单体(B1)和(B2)外,可任选使用一种或多种可与(B1)和(B2)共聚的烯属不饱和单体(B3)。除此之外,不使用其它单体。
单体(B3)用于微调共聚物的性能。当然,也可使用两种或更多种不同单体(B3)。熟练技术人员可根据共聚物的所需性能对其加以选择。
单体(B3)的实例包括烯烃,尤其是α-烯烃如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二碳烯、苯乙烯或其它烯烃如2-丁烯或异丁烯;此外包括烯属不饱和C3-C10羧酸的一种或多种C1-C10烷基酯或ω-羟基-C2-C10亚烷基酯如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或甲基丙烯酸正丁酯。其它实例包括包含P-基团的单烯属不饱和单体如乙烯基膦酸。
额外单体(B3)的量为0-30重量%,优选0-9重量%,且非常优选0-4重量%。非常优选不存在单体(B3)。
通常而言,在160℃下,在325g负荷下根据EN ISO 1133测量,聚合物粘合剂(B)具有1-150g/10min,优选5-20g/10min,更优选7-13g/10min的熔体流动速率(MFR)。
通常而言,根据DIN EN 2114测定,聚合物粘合剂(B)可具有30-190mgKOH/g蜡,优选蜡155-180mg KOH/g蜡范围内的酸值。
通常而言,根据DIN 51007通过DSC测定,聚合物粘合剂(B)的熔程在60-110℃,优选65-90℃范围内。
通常而言,根据DIN 53479测定,聚合物粘合剂(B)的密度在0.89-0.99g/cm3,优选0.89-0.96g/cm3范围内。
有利的是,乙烯(B1)、烯属不饱和羧酸(B2)和任选的其它共聚单体(B3)的本发明所用聚合物粘合剂(B)可在高压条件下如在搅拌式高压釜或高压管式反应器,优选搅拌式高压釜与高压管式反应器的组合中通过自由基引发的共聚反应而制备。搅拌式高压釜本身为已知的,其描述可在Ullmann′sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,登录标题:Waxes(蜡),第A 28卷,第146页及随后各页,Verlag Chemie Weinheim,Basle,Cambridge,New York,Tokyo,1996中找到。这类高压釜的长度/直径比主要为5∶1-30∶1,优选10∶1-20∶1。可同等使用的高压管式反应器同样可在Ullmann′s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,登录标题:Waxes(蜡),第A 28卷,第146页及随后各页,Verlag Chemie Weinheim,Basle,Cambridge,New York,Tokyo,1996中找到。
共聚反应的合适的压力条件为500-4000巴,优选1500-2500巴。这类条件在下文中也称为高压。反应温度在170-300℃范围内,优选在195-280℃范围内。
共聚反应可在调节剂存在下进行。合适的调节剂为熟练技术人员已知。实例已公开在WO 2007/009909第8页第18行至第9页第4行中。
可用于自由基聚合的引发剂为典型的自由基引发剂如有机过氧化物、氧或偶氮化合物。例如两种或更多种自由基引发剂的混合物也是适合的。实例已公开在WO 2007/009909第9页第10行至第10页第16行中。
共聚单体(B1)、(B2)和任选的(B3)通常一起或分开计量。共聚单体(B1)、(B2)和任选的(B3)可在压缩机中压缩至聚合反应压力。在本发明方法的另一实施方案中,首先借助泵使共聚单体达到例如150-400巴,优选200-300巴,尤其是260巴的增压,然后用压缩机使其达到实际聚合压力。
由于烯属不饱和羧酸通常比乙烯更易掺入聚合物粘合剂(B)中,因此在计量加入的情况下,共聚单体(B1)、(B2)和任选的(B3)的比例通常不恰好对应于聚合物粘合剂(B)中的单元比例。
共聚可任选在溶剂不存在和存在的情况下进行。合适的溶剂的实例包括甲苯、异十二烷,以及二甲苯的异构体。
聚合物粘合剂(B)可以其水分散体形式使用。粘合剂(B)的水分散体优选以单独步骤制备且将该水分散体用于制备本发明的配制剂。然而,也可在聚合过程之后将粘合剂(B)以固体形式分离,且以固体用于农药配制剂。
根据本发明使用的聚合物粘合剂(B)例如可用如下物质至少部分中和:碱金属的氢氧化物和/或碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化锂;或优选用一种或多种胺如氨和有机胺如烷基胺、N-烷基乙醇胺、链烷醇胺和多胺。可提及的烷基胺的实例如下:三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺、三甲胺、二甲胺、甲胺、哌啶和吗啉。优选胺为单链烷醇胺、N,N-二烷基链烷醇胺、N-烷基链烷醇胺、二链烷醇胺、N-烷基链烷醇胺和三链烷醇胺,这类胺在每种情况下在羟烷基中具有2-18个碳原子,以及合适的话在每种情况下在烷基中具有1-6个碳原子,优选在链烷醇基团中具有2-6个碳原子,以及合适的话在烷基中具有1或2个碳原子。非常优选乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、正丁基二乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和2-氨基-2-甲基丙-1-醇。非常特别优选氨和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺。可提及的多胺的实例如下:乙二胺、四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺。
聚合物粘合剂(B)优选被部分中和,即粘合剂(B)的羧基中的至少三分之一、更优选至少60mol%和例如至多99mol%的羧基被中和。
此外,可使用至少一种表面活性剂作为用于将粘合剂(B)分散或乳化于水中的助剂。表面活性剂尤其可为阴离子型或优选为非离子型的。
阴离子型表面活性剂的实例包括C8-C12的碱金属盐或铵盐。
尤其优选为非离子型表面活性剂,包括但不限于烷氧基化的C10-C30链烷醇,优选包含3-100摩尔C2-C4氧化烯,尤其是羰基合成醇或脂肪醇烷氧基化物。非常优选的烷氧基化物的实例包括:
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)80-H;
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)70-H;
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)60-H;
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)50-H;
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)25-H;
正C18H37O-(CH2CH2O)12-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)80-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)70-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)60-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)50-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)25-H;
正C16H33O-(CH2CH2O)12-H;
正C13H27O-(CH2CH2O)70-H;
正C13H27O-(CH2CH2O)60-H;
正C13H27O-(CH2CH2O)50-H;
正C13H27O-(CH2CH2O)25-H;
正C13H27O-(CH2CH2O)12-H;
正C12H25O-(CH2CH2O)11-H;
正C12H25O-(CH2CH2O)18-H;
正C12H25O-(CH2CH2O)25-H;
正C12H25O-(CH2CH2O)50-H;
正C12H25O-(CH2CH2O)80-H;
正C30H61O-(CH2CH2O)8-H;
正C10H21O-(CH2CH2O)9-H;
正C10H21O-(CH2CH2O)7-H;
正C10H21O-(CH2CH2O)5-H;
正C10H21O-(CH2CH2O)3-H;
包括其任何混合物,其中指数应以通常方式理解为指平均数。
聚合物粘合剂(B)的分散体可通过将粘合剂(B)、水和任选的表面活性剂和/或碱在至少70℃的温度下混合而制得。
溶剂组分(C)
优选仅使用水作为配制剂的溶剂。然而,可额外使用少量(例如小于50重量%)可与水混溶的有机溶剂。这类其额外的溶剂可用于改进待处理表面的湿润性或改进疏水性农药或其它组分在配制剂中的溶解性/分散性。额外溶剂的实例包括水混溶性醇,例如单醇如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇;高级醇如乙二醇或聚醚多醇,以及醚醇如丁基乙二醇或甲氧基丙醇。如果使用含水混合物,则该混合物优选包含至少65重量%、更优选至少80重量%,非常优选至少95重量%的水。这类数值在每种情况下基于全部溶剂的总量。
额外的组分(D)
取决于待处理非活体材料的意欲用途,本发明的配制剂可进一步包含一种或多种选自如下的组分:防腐剂、洗涤剂、填料、抗冲改性剂、防雾剂、发泡剂、澄清剂、成核剂、偶联剂、电导增强剂(抗静电剂)、稳定剂如抗氧化剂、碳和氧自由基捕捉剂和过氧化物分解剂等、阻燃剂、脱模剂、具有UV保护性能的试剂、铺展剂、抗结块剂、防迁移剂、起泡剂、防污剂、增稠剂、其它生物杀伤剂、润湿剂、增塑剂和成膜剂、粘合剂或防粘剂、荧光增白剂(荧光增白剂)、颜料和染料。
在优选实施方案中,本发明的配制剂进一步包含至少一种颜料和/或至少一种染料。
表面活性剂可用于使配制剂中的农药(A)和/或聚合物粘合剂(B)稳定。尤其优选阴离子和/或非离子型表面活性剂。典型实例已在上文中提及。
合适的消泡剂例如为硅消泡剂。合适的用于保护UV敏感性农药的UV保护剂例如为对氨基苯甲酸(PABA),辛基甲氧基sinameth,1,2-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯基或苯并三唑衍生物,苯并噁唑衍生物,羟基取代的二苯甲酮,水杨酸酯,取代的三嗪,肉桂酸衍生物(任选被2-氰基取代),吡唑啉衍生物,1,1’-二苯基-4,4’-二-2-(甲氧基苯基)乙烯基或其它UV保护剂。合适的荧光增白剂为二氢喹啉酮衍生物,1,3-二芳基吡咯啉衍生物,芘,萘二甲酸酰亚胺,4,4′-二苯乙烯基联苯,4,4′-二氨基-2,2′-均二苯代乙烯二磺酸,香豆素衍生物,以及通过-CH=CH-桥连接的苯并噁唑,苯并异噁唑或苯并咪唑体系或者其它荧光增白剂。
可用于本发明的配制剂中的典型颜料为用于颜料染色或印刷方法或用于塑料着色的颜料。
根据它们的化学性质,颜料可为无机或有机颜料。主要使用的无机颜料为白色颜料(金红石或锐钛矿形式的二氧化钛、ZnO、白垩)或黑色颜料(如碳黑)。同样可使用彩色无机颜料,但因为潜在的毒理学危险而并不优选。对于赋予颜色,优选有机颜料或染料。有机颜料可为单偶氮或双偶氮、萘酚、苯并咪唑酮、(硫)靛染料、二噁嗪、喹吖啶酮、酞菁、异吲哚啉酮、苝、紫环酮(perinone)、金属配合物或二酮基吡咯并吡咯类颜料。颜料可以粉末或液体形式(如作为分散体)使用。优选颜料为颜料黄83、颜料黄138、颜料橙34、颜料红170、颜料红146、颜料紫19、颜料紫23、颜料蓝15/1、颜料蓝15/3、颜料绿7、颜料黑7。其它合适的颜料对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。
可用于本发明的典型染料为粉末或液体形式的瓮染料、阳离子染料和分散染料。优选使用瓮颜料形式。瓮染料可为阴丹酮型,如C.I.瓮蓝4、6或14;或为黄烷士酮类型,如C.I.瓮黄1;或为皮蒽酮类型,如C.I.瓮橙2和9;或为异苯并蒽酮(异宜和蓝酮)类型,如C.I.瓮紫1;或为二苯并蒽酮(紫蒽酮)类型,如C.I.瓮蓝16、19、20和22,C.I.瓮绿1、2和9,C.I.瓮黑9;或为蒽醌咔唑类型,如C.I.瓮橙11和15,C.I.瓮棕1、3和44,C.I.瓮绿8和C.I.瓮黑27;或为苯并蒽酮吖啶酮类型,如C.I.瓮绿3和13和C.I.瓮黑25;或为蒽醌噁唑类型,如C.I.瓮红10;或为苝四甲酸二酰亚胺类型,如C.I.瓮红23和32;或为咪唑衍生物如C.I.瓮黄46;或为氨基三嗪衍生物如C.I.瓮蓝66。其它合适的瓮染料对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。典型的分散染料和阳离子染料对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。
配制剂的制备
本发明的配制剂可通过使用合适的混合和/或分散聚集体将所有成分与水和任选的其它溶剂混合在一起而形成。通常而言,配制剂在10-70℃、优选15-50℃,更优选20-40℃的温度下形成。
可使用固体农药(A)、固体聚合物(B)和任选的额外添加剂(D)且可将它们分散于溶剂组分(C)中。
然而,优选使用聚合物粘合剂(B)在水中的分散体以及农药(A)在水中的配制剂,这类分散体与配制剂已在事先单独制备。这类单独配制剂可含有额外添加剂以使各个配制剂中的(A)和/或(B)稳定,且可市购。在第二方法步骤中,添加这类原料配制剂和任选另外添加任何额外的溶剂组分(C)。
组合也是可以的,即使用(A)和/或(B)的预先形成的分散体且将其与固体(A)和/或(B)混合。
聚合物粘合剂(B)的分散体可为已由化学制备商制备的预先制备的分散体。
然而,使用″手工制备″的分散体,即由最终用户小规模制备的分散体也属于本发明范围。这类分散体可如下制备:提供粘合剂(B)于水中的约20%混合物,添加碱如氨水、胺或KOH,将混合物加热至90-100℃的温度且将混合物完全搅拌数小时。
可将配制剂制成最终产物,以便最终用户可易于将其用于本发明方法。
然而,当然也可制备浓缩物,该浓缩物可由最终用户用额外溶剂(D)稀释至所需使用浓度。
此外,可将配制剂以至少包含如下组分的试剂盒(kit)装运至最终用户:
·包含至少一种农药(A)的第一组分;和
·包含至少一种聚合物粘合剂(B)的第二组分。
其它添加剂(D)可为试剂盒中的单独的第三种组分,或可以已经与组分(A)和/或(B)混合。
最终用户可通过仅将水添加至试剂盒的组分中并混合而制备配制剂以使用。
试剂盒的组分可呈干燥组合物的形式如粉末、胶囊、片剂或泡腾片剂。呈干燥形式的合适的农药可以作为易于通过人工搅拌或振摇溶解成均匀配制剂的泡腾片剂或可润湿性粉末获得。
试剂盒的组分可为在水或含水溶剂混合物中的配制剂。当然,可将这类组分中的一种的含水配制剂与其它组分的干燥配制剂组合。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,试剂盒包含:
·一种具有农药(A)与任选的溶剂(C)的配制剂;和
·单独的具有至少一种聚合物粘合剂(B)、溶剂组分(C)与任选的组分(D)的第二配制剂。
组分浓度
组分(A)、(B)、(C)与任选的(D)的浓度将由熟练技术人员根据待使用的浸渍技术而加以选择。
通常而言,农药(A)的量可基于所有组分(A)、(B)和(D),即除含水溶剂(C)外的所有组分的总量为至多50重量%,优选20-50重量%。
聚合物粘合剂(B)的量可基于所有组分(A)、(B)和(D)的总量在40-90%范围内。
如果存在其它组分(D),则其量基于(A)、(B)和(C)的总量通常为0.1-40%,优选0.5-35%。如果存在颜料和/或染料,则其合适的量基于(A)、(B)和(D)的总量通常为0.01-20重量%,优选0.1-10重量%,更优选0.2-5重量%。
备用于浸渍方法中的典型配制剂包含0.01-2%,优选0.1-1%的组分(A)、(B)和任选的(D),余量为含水溶剂(C)。
待由最终用户稀释的浓缩物的典型浓度可包含10-50%的组分(A)、(B)和任选的(D),其中余量为含水溶剂(C)。
浸渍方法
本发明的目的为通过用农药和聚合物粘合剂处理非活体材料而防治多种害虫如蜱、蟑螂、螨、跳蚤、虱、水蛭、家蝇、蚊子及其它飞行和爬行昆虫。
聚合物粘合剂优选使农药粘合至这类非活体材料的表面并确保长期效果。使用粘合剂减少了农药因环境作用如雨或因人类对非活体材料的影响如将其洗涤和/或清洁而从非活体材料中除去。
非活体材料可为任何种类的非活体材料。实例包括建筑物、皮革、人造革、植绒织物、片、箔和包装材料、木材、墙衬和涂料、地毯。
非活体材料优选为纺织材料。术语″纺织材料″应包括但不限于纤维、纱、织造物、无纺物、成环针织物、拉环针织物(drawn-loop knit)。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,纺织材料为织物材料且尤其为网。织物材料或网可由多种天然和合成纤维制成,还作为纺织或无纺形式的织物混纺物,针织品或纤维。天然纤维例如为棉、羊毛、丝、黄麻或大麻。合成纤维可由如下物质制成:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯腈类、聚烯烃如聚丙烯或聚乙烯、特氟隆(Teflon),以及纤维混合物如合成和天然纤维混合物。优选聚酰胺、聚烯烃和聚酯作为纤维材料。尤其优选聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯。最优选由聚酯,特别是聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯制成的网。
织物材料可呈覆盖物的形式,例如床垫、枕头、羽毛被褥、衬垫、窗帘、墙壁覆盖物、墙衬和窗和门帘。其它典型织物材料为帐篷、席子、衣服如短袜、裤子、衬衣,即优选用于暴露于昆虫叮咬的身体区域的衣服等。网例如用作床帐如蚊帐,或用于覆盖。其它应用为保护人类或动物防止空气中的低飞昆虫的可移动护罩。织物或网可用于食物和饲料用包装袋、容器,从而保护材料以防昆虫侵袭,但避免了与杀虫剂处理的网或织物直接接触。处理的箔或防水布可用于永久或临时居住的所有人类房屋如难民营。
本发明特别适合于浸渍用作蚊帐的聚酯网。
浸渍方法不限于特定处理技术。浸渍可通过将非活体材料浸入或浸没于配制剂中或通过将配制剂喷涂至非活体材料的表面上而进行。处理之后,可将经处理的非活体材料在环境温度下简单干燥。
用于本发明方法中的聚合物粘合剂(B)不需要在较高温度下干燥、交联或其它后处理步骤,但进行这类额外步骤当然在本发明的范围内。甚至在环境温度下干燥之后,粘合剂(B)仍可提供农药对非活体材料表面的足够粘合力。
因此,浸渍不需要复杂的技术,且因此最终用户本身便可以小规模进行浸渍方法。例如,典型的最终用户可使用本发明的配制剂例如在其家庭内浸渍蚊帐本身。为此,尤其有利的是使用本发明的浸渍试剂盒。
本发明的配制剂可在将织物材料或网形成所需产品之前,即仍为纱线或片形式,或在形成相关产品之后施用于织物材料或网上。
就织物和/或网而言,在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及一种浸渍织物和/或网材料的方法,该方法至少包括如下步骤:
a)通过选自如下的任何程序性步骤用本发明的含水配制剂处理织物和/或网:
(a1)使织物材料或网通过配制剂;或
(a2)使织物材料或网与部分或全部浸入配制剂中的辊接触且将配制剂引至网或织物材料的与辊接触的一侧,或
(a3)将材料浸没入配制剂中;或
(a4)将配制剂喷涂至织物材料或网上;或
(a5)将配制剂刷涂至织物材料或网之上或之中;或
(a6)将配制剂以泡沫形式施用;或
(a7)将配制剂涂覆于织物材料或网上,
b)任选通过挤压辊之间的材料或借助刮刀而除去过量的配制剂;和
c)干燥织物材料或网。
在原材料含有先前生产过程的残余物如胶、纺丝油剂、其它助剂和/或杂质的情况下,有利的是可在浸渍之前进行洗涤步骤。
对步骤a)、b)和c)而言,如下细节是特别重要的。
步骤a1)
配制剂经由使织物或网通过含水配制剂而施加。熟练技术人员已知该步骤为浸轧(padding)。在优选实施方案中,将织物或网完全浸没在含水配制剂或含有液的槽中,或者使织物或网通过置于两个水平向的辊之间的配制剂。根据本发明,可使织物材料或网通过配制剂,或可使配制剂通过织物或网。配制剂的吸收量受以下因素影响:浓浴的稳定性、对含量分布的需要、织物或网的密度,以及希望节省用于干燥和固化步骤的能源成本。通常的液体吸收量基于材料重量可为40-150%。本领域熟练技术人员熟知对最佳值的判定。步骤a1)优选用于浸渍随后裁制成网的平幅材料。对于未处理的网的小规模生产或再浸渍,使用简单的手持辊可能就足够了。
步骤a2)
此外可通过部分浸入溶液或乳液或分散体中的辊将含水配制剂施加在织物材料或网上,从而将溶液或乳液或分散体施加至织物材料或网与辊接触的一侧(接触辊轧)。通过此方法可仅浸渍织物材料或网的一侧,如果欲避免例如使人类皮肤与杀虫剂处理的材料直接接触,则其为有利的。
在步骤a1)、a2)或a3)中,织物材料或网的浸渍一般在10-70℃、优选在15-50℃,更优选在20-40℃的温度下进行。
步骤a4)
喷涂可以连续法或分批法在装备有喷涂装置的合适的纺织瓶机器,如滚筒式服装洗涤机/脱水机中施用。该设备尤其适于浸渍现成的网。
步骤a6)
泡沫包含比上述溶液或乳液少的水。因此干燥过程可非常短。可通过将气体或气体混合物(例如空气)注射其中而进行处理。可能需要添加表面活性剂,优选具有成膜性能的表面活性剂。合适的表面活性剂和所需技术设备是本领域熟练技术人员已知的。
步骤a7)
涂覆方法优选可以刮刀法进行。方法条件为本领域熟练技术人员已知。
步骤b)
如本领域中已知的,过量的溶液或乳液通常通过挤压织物或网,优选经由使织物材料或网通过辊而除去,因此获得规定的液体吸收。所挤出的液体可再使用。或者,过量的水溶液或含水乳液或水分散体可通过离心或真空抽吸而除去。
步骤c)
干燥可在环境温度下进行。该被动式干燥尤其可在热干燥气候下进行。当然,应用升高的温度可使干燥过程加速。主动干燥过程通常在大规模加工期间进行。干燥通常在低于200℃的温度下进行。优选温度为50-170℃,更优选为60-150℃。温度选择由杀虫剂在配制剂中的热稳定性和所浸渍非活体材料的热稳定性而决定。
就本发明方法而言,可使用包含至少一种颜料和/或至少一种染料的含水配制剂,以使织物材料或网不仅被农药浸渍,而且另外也同时被着色。
所公开的方法产生浸渍的非活体材料。因此,在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及一种包含至少一种农药(A)和至少一种聚合物粘合剂(B)的浸渍的非活体材料。
非活体材料优选为网或织物材料,且农药(A)优选为杀虫剂和/或驱除剂。优选的杀虫剂和/或驱除剂、聚合物粘合剂(B)和用于网或织物材料的优选材料已经提及。
分别取决于杀虫剂的杀虫效率,驱除剂的效率,浸渍网或织物中的杀虫剂和/或驱除剂的典型量为织物材料或网的(干燥)重量的0.01-10%(干重)。取决于杀虫剂和/或驱除剂,优选量为织物材料或网的0.05-5重量%。对如溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)或甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)的合成除虫菊酯而言,优选量为织物或网的0.08-3.5重量%。对如氯菊酯(permethrin)或醚菊酯(ethofenprox)的合成除虫菊酯而言,优选量为0.1-6%。
聚合物粘合剂(B)的典型量为织物或网的(干燥)重量的0.01-10重量%(干重)。作为通用准则,杀虫剂与粘合剂(B)之间的重量比取决于杀虫剂的杀虫能力和迁移能力,应大致恒定,即杀虫剂的量越高,则粘合剂(B)的量也越高。粘合剂(B)的优选量为织物或网的(干燥)重量的0.1-5重量%,更优选0.2-3重量%。
经浸渍的织物或网优选包含至少一种颜料和/或至少一种染料。该至少一种颜料和/或染料的量通常为织物材料或网的(干燥)重量的0.05-10重量%,优选0.1-5重量%,更优选0.2-3.5重量%。
浸渍的织物或网材料可用于各种目的。
这类浸渍的织物或网材料尤其可用于保护人、动物和/或材料防止有害生物体。它们例如可用作蚊帐。根据本发明浸渍的蚊帐可以洗涤数次而不显著降低防治昆虫的活性。
为保护材料防止有害生物体,可将其缠绕在待保护的材料周围,或用其覆盖待保护的材料。
待保护材料的实例包括作物和/或已收获作物如烟草、烟草包或其它烟草产品,其可在收获、干燥、调制、运输和储存期间受保护而防止有害生物体。本发明方法避免了用农药或其它化学品直接处理这类待保护的作物的需要。
此外,这类网可用于保护畜栏和厩舍中的动物防止昆虫及其它害虫。
实施例
所用材料
网
使用由PET(对苯二甲酸亚乙酯)纤维制成的市售网材料,该网材料符合WHO-Roll Back Malaria″Specifications for netting materials”(WHO的防治疟疾″网材料规范″),(Geneva,2001))。
聚合物粘合剂(B)
聚合物粘合剂(B)根据WO 2007/009909第18页至第20页中公开的程序制备。
通过滴定法测定聚合物粘合剂中的甲基丙烯酸含量(酸值)。聚合物粘合剂的酸值根据DIN 53402用滴定分析法测定。KOH的消耗量对应于乙烯共聚物中的甲基丙烯酸含量。密度根据DIN 53479测定。熔程根据DIN51007通过DSC(差示扫描量热法;差示热分析)测定。
制备两种不同的聚合物粘合剂:
样品I:73重量%乙烯,27重量%甲基丙烯酸
样品II:92重量%乙烯,8重量%甲基丙烯酸
分散体A(基于样品I):
在具有锚式搅拌器的2升高压釜中,在搅拌下,将基于100份为21.28份的样品I、基于100份为3.57份的二乙醇胺中和基于100份为75.15份的软化水混合且加热至98℃。在98℃下3小时后,冷却至室温,以获得样品I的含水乳液。
分散体B(基于样品I):
在具有锚式搅拌器的2升高压釜中,在搅拌下,将基于100份为25份的样品I、基于100份为3.4份的氨水(25%)和基于100份为71.6份的软化水混合且加热至98℃。在98℃下3小时之后,冷却至室温,以获得样品I的含水乳液。
分散体C(基于样品II):
在具有锚式搅拌器的2升高压釜中,在搅拌下,将基于100份为20份的样品II、基于100份为49.75份的软化水、0.05份亚硫酸氢钠、0.4份KOH、4.2份的常用非离子型表面活性剂(用2个氧化乙烯单元乙氧基化的C13羰基合成醇)和2.6份的另一种非离子型表面活性剂(用10个氧化乙烯单元乙氧基化的C13羰基合成醇)混合且加热至140℃。在140℃下30分钟后,额外添加25份水且将混合物在140℃下再搅拌一小时。最后,冷却至室温,以获得样品II的含水乳液。
实施例1:
浸渍技术
本发明的包含粘合剂的配制剂
将125g由75旦尼尔组织化处理(texturised)的聚酯纱制成的具有29.4g/m2织物密度的网浸没于具有250ml分散体A和额外水(包含6.25g粘合剂(B))和1.77g的甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)水分散体(固体含量约10g/l)的2L烧杯中,且在处理浴中人工打转(milling)5分钟。网完全吸收了处理液体。接着将其从烧杯中取出并使其在环境温度下干燥,平放在清洁表面上。
活性成分(甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin))的理论浓度:40mg/m2=1.36mg/g(GC分析实验值:1.26mg/g)。
实施例2:
浸轧(padding)技术
本发明的包含粘合剂的配制剂
将由75旦尼尔组织化处理的聚酯纱制成的具有30.2g/m2织物密度的网布样经由使其通过300mL由分散体A和额外水(包含17.86g固体粘合剂)和5.18g的甲体氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)水分散体(固体含量约10g/l)制备的处理浴而浸渍。经由使布样在辊之间通过而挤出过量液体,以获得80%(基于织物重量)的湿吸收率。将浸渍布样在环境温度下干燥。
实施例3:
浸轧技术
本发明的包含粘合剂的配制剂
使用实施例2的程序,然而使用分散体B(包含15g固体粘合剂)替代。
实施例4:
喷涂施加
本发明的包含粘合剂的配制剂
将由组织化处理的75旦尼尔聚酯纱制成的3个标准系列尺寸(160×180×150cm)针织网装载入50磅Milnor末端负载型洗涤机/脱水机中。将处理浴(分散体A)经由产生雾的空气雾化喷嘴注入该机器中。处理浴由网吸收,同时其在机筒内旋转并翻滚。处理周期时间通常为30分钟。在化学施加过程完成之后,将″湿″处理的网从洗涤机/脱水机传输至工业干燥机中且在80℃下干燥30分钟。
对比例1:
浸渍技术
使用实施例2的程序,然而使用包含常规石蜡(包含1.98g石蜡)的配制剂替代分散体II。
测试方法
″蒙特佩利尔洗涤程序(Montpellier washing procedure)″(如附件世界卫生组织PVC,3/07/2002″Evaluation of wash resistance of long-lastinginsecticidal nets(对持久性杀虫网的耐洗涤性的评估)″中所述):在以每分钟155次运动振摇的水浴中,将网样品在30℃下在含有0.5L去离子水和2g/L肥皂(pH 10-11)的烧杯中单独洗涤10分钟。
由于不存在关于模仿手工洗涤的洗涤程序的工业标准,因此本发明人将标准洗涤方法调整为在60℃下在移动(翻滚)且加热的金属容器中使用IEC清洁测试配制剂(其含有阴离子型、非离子型洗涤剂、沸石、无机助洗剂,但省去漂白体系)30分钟。对于温度、乳化和分散效果而言,该方法赋予比手洗更严格的条件,但也许使网受到较小摩擦。
测试程序:使用两种生物鉴定对每块布样进行4次重复测试:3分钟生物鉴定,其中使实验室饲养的疟蚊(Anopheles mosquitoes)与处理的网强制接触3分钟且保持24小时后计算死亡率(″死亡率%″)。
长期确立的ITN测试标准使用WHO锥体(WHOPES 96.1):具有围绕底缘的扁平凸缘和位于顶端处的开孔的透明塑料锥体结构(1.1cm直径)。通用程序为将锥体与处理的网系紧,凸缘侧朝向网,且将5只蚊子引入锥体内,并用棉花或塞子堵塞开孔。对于固有杀虫活性,将昆虫置于搁在网上的锥体内三分钟,接着移至供有糖水的存放容器中。将四个锥体中的蚊子集中,以使每个存放容器得到20或更多只的昆虫。接着可在接近24小时的预定时间收集所集中的蚊子的击倒(KD)数据。对于击倒速度,可将蚊子置于锥体中且记录各单个蚊子的至击倒时的时间,直至11只昆虫中的第6只(中位数)得以记录。各KD蚊子在将其记录时取出,以防止该昆虫如果再次飞起而被重计。对如上所述储存的所有蚊子计算24小时击倒数。
所有结果总结于表1中。
表1:生物鉴定结果
Claims (27)
1.具有农药和聚合物粘合剂的用于处理非活体材料的含水配制剂,其中该配制剂至少包含:
(A)农药;
(B)分散在含水配制剂中的具有1500-20000g/mol的平均分子量Mn的包含以下单体的聚合物粘合剂:
(B1)60-95重量%的乙烯;
(B2)5-40重量%的至少一种不饱和羧酸,其选自:
(B2a)单烯属不饱和C3-C10单羧酸;和
(B2b)单烯属不饱和C4-C10二羧酸;
和
(B3)任选的0-30重量%的其它烯属不饱和单体,其可与(B1)和(B2)共聚;
其中单体的量在每种情况下基于所用全部单体的总量;和
(C)水或包含至少65重量%水的含水溶剂混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的配制剂,其中(B1)的量为70-80%,(B2)的量为20-30%且(B3)的量为0-9%。
3.根据权利要求1或2的配制剂,其中单体(B2)为甲基丙烯酸。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的配制剂,其中所述农药(A)为杀虫剂和/或驱除剂。
5.根据权利要求4的配制剂,其中所述杀虫剂选自甲体氯氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、醚菊酯、氯菊酯或氟氯菊酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的配制剂,其中使用至少两种不同农药的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的配制剂,其中所述配制剂额外包含辅助组分(D),其选自:防腐剂、洗涤剂、填料、抗冲改性剂、防雾剂、发泡剂、澄清剂、成核剂、偶联剂、电导增强剂、抗氧化剂、阻燃剂、脱模剂、具有UV保护性能的试剂、铺展剂、抗结块剂、防迁移剂、起泡剂、防污剂、增稠剂、生物杀伤剂、润湿剂、增塑剂、成膜剂、粘合剂或防粘剂、荧光增白剂、颜料和染料。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的配制剂,其中基于(A)、(B)和(D)的总量,(A)的量为20-50重量%,(B)的量为40-90重量%。
9.根据权利要求9的配制剂,其中辅助剂(D)的量基于(A)、(B)和(D)的总量为0.1-40重量%。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的配制剂,其中所述配制剂包含至少一种颜料和/或染料。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的配制剂,其中所述配制剂包含至少一种表面活性剂。
12.根据权利要求11的配制剂,其中表面活性剂的量基于配制剂所有组分的总量为0.1-15重量%。
13.通过完全混合组分(A)、(B)、(C)和任选(D)而制备根据权利要求1-10中任一项的含水配制剂的方法。
14.制备根据权利要求1-10中任一项的含水配制剂的方法,其中所述配制剂以至少包含如下组分的试剂盒提供:
·包含至少一种农药(A)的第一组分;和
·包含至少一种聚合物粘合剂(B)的第二组分,且其中使用任选的额外溶剂组分(C)将该试剂盒的两种配制剂相互完全混合。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中该试剂盒也包含作为试剂盒中的单独的第三种组分,或作为组分(A)和/或(B)的组分的其它添加剂(D)。
16.通过用根据权利要求1-12中任一项的配制剂浸渍所述非活体材料并干燥而制备农药处理的非活体材料的方法。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,此处所述非活体材料为纺织材料。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,此处所述纺织材料为织物材料、无纺材料、箔和/或网。
19.根据权利要求16-18中任一项的方法,其中干燥在环境温度下进行。
20.根据权利要求18的方法,其至少包括如下步骤:
a)通过选自如下的任何程序性步骤用含水配制剂处理织物和/或网:
a1)使织物材料或网通过配制剂;或
a2)使织物材料或网与部分或全部浸入配制剂中的辊接触且将配制剂引至网或织物材料的与辊接触的一侧,或
a3)将材料浸没入配制剂中;或
a4)将配制剂喷涂至织物材料或网上;或
a5)将配制剂刷涂至织物材料或网之上或之中;或
a6)将配制剂以泡沫形式施用;或
a7)将配制剂涂覆于织物材料或网上,和
b)任选通过挤压辊之间的材料或借助刮刀而除去过量的配制剂;和
c)干燥织物材料或网。
21.根据权利要求20的方法,其中步骤a1)通过将织物和/或网材料完全浸没在含有含水配制剂的槽中的含水配制剂中,或使织物和/或网通过置于两个辊之间的含水配制剂而进行。
22.根据权利要求16-21中任一项的方法,其中所述配制剂包含颜料和/或染料,且浸渍和干燥同时进行。
23.可通过根据权利要求16-22中任一项的方法获得的至少包含农药(A)和聚合物粘合剂(B)的浸渍的非活体材料。
24.根据权利要求23的浸渍材料,其中非活体材料为纺织材料。
25.根据权利要求24的浸渍材料,其中所述纺织材料为无纺材料、箔、织物材料和/或网。
26.根据权利要求24或25的浸渍材料在保护人类、动物和材料防止有害生物体中的用途。
27.根据权利要求26的用途,其中将所述浸渍材料缠绕在待保护的材料周围。
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- 2008-06-06 CN CN2008800197760A patent/CN101680160B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2008-06-06 US US12/664,197 patent/US20100178310A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-06 WO PCT/EP2008/057048 patent/WO2008151984A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2008-06-06 MY MYPI20095252A patent/MY147339A/en unknown
- 2008-06-06 EP EP08760622A patent/EP2158354B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-06-11 AR ARP080102489A patent/AR066964A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-11 TW TW097121781A patent/TW200904328A/zh unknown
- 2008-06-12 CL CL2008001750A patent/CL2008001750A1/es unknown
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103648272A (zh) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-03-19 | 过敏技术有限责任公司 | 用杀虫剂和增效剂处理材料的组合物和方法 |
CN107312410A (zh) * | 2017-07-15 | 2017-11-03 | 佛山实瑞先导材料研究院(普通合伙) | 一种水性环保防虫涂料 |
CN111254520A (zh) * | 2020-03-14 | 2020-06-09 | 揭东巴黎万株纱华纺织有限公司 | 一种具有驱蚊功能的复合纤维材料制备方法 |
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MY147339A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
ES2381900T3 (es) | 2012-06-01 |
EP2158354A1 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
MX2009012728A (es) | 2009-12-08 |
US20100178310A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
CL2008001750A1 (es) | 2009-12-11 |
AR066964A1 (es) | 2009-09-23 |
ZA201000171B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CN101680160B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
EP2158354B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
ATE552373T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
WO2008151984A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
JP5230731B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
JP2010530851A (ja) | 2010-09-16 |
BRPI0812873A2 (pt) | 2014-12-09 |
TW200904328A (en) | 2009-02-01 |
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