CN101653673A - 具有存储器、通信和浓度传感器的过滤器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种准确测量过滤器外壳内的物质浓度的系统和方法。浓度传感器和通信器件耦合以便能在使用中时测量并发送在过滤器外壳内特定物质的浓度。此系统能够包括集成有通信器件和浓度传感器的单个组件。作为选择,所述系统能够包括彼此通信的相互独立的传感器和发送器组件。在又一实施例中,能够把存储元件加到该系统,由此允许该器件存储一组浓度值。此器件的使用对许多应用来说是有益的。例如,就地读取浓度值的能力使得能够在没有附加设备的情况下执行完整性测试。
Description
本申请为2007年4月11日提交的题为“具有存储器、通信和浓度传感器的过滤器”的中国申请200710096550.8的分案申请。
背景技术
无线通信的使用已经普及开来,特别是在管理资产方面,尤其是与库存管理相关联的那些应用。例如,RFID标签的使用允许监视生产线以及通过供应链移动资产或组件。
为了进一步图示此原理,制造实体可以在组件进入生产设备时把RFID标签附着到它们上。然后把这些组件插入到生产流中,结合其它组件形成装配件,并且最后产生成品。RFID标签的使用允许制造实体内的工作人员在整个制造过程期间跟踪特定组件的移动。还允许所述实体能够标识包括任何特定配件或成品的具特定组件。
另外,在药物和制药工业内也提倡使用RFID标签。在2004年2月,美国联邦药物管理机构发布了提倡使用RFID标签来标记并监视药物的报告。这试图提供系谱(pedigree)并且限制伪造处方药物渗入到市场及消费者。
自从RFID标签引入以来,RFID标签已经在许多应用中得到,诸如用以标识过滤器产品中的过程控制并为其提供信息。Den Dekker于1997年所公布的美国专利5,674,381公开了结合过滤仪器和可替换的过滤配件来使用“电子标记”。特别地是,所述专利公开了具有电子标记的过滤器,所述电子标记具有读取/写入存储器和相关联的过滤设备,所述过滤设备具有响应于所述标记的读出装置。该电子标记适合于计数并存储可替换过滤器的实际运转时间。该过滤设备适合于根据此实时数值来允许或拒绝该过滤器。所述专利还公开了可以使用电子标记来存储关于可替换过滤器的标识信息。
Baker等人的专利申请公开了处理设备跟踪系统,该专利申请于2005年作为美国专利申请公开号为US2005/0205658刊登。此系统包括结合处理设备使用RFID标签。该RFID标签被描述为能够存储“至少一个可跟踪的事件”。这些可跟踪的事件被枚举为清理日期和批处理日期。该公布内容还公开了可连接到PC或因特网的RFID读取器,在所述PC或因特网中存在处理设备数据库。此数据库包含多个可跟踪的事件并且能够提供用于确定“基于累积数据的处理设备的使用寿命”的信息。该应用包括使用具有各种处理设备的此类系统,所述处理设备诸如阀、泵、过滤器和紫外线灯。
由Jornitz等人提交并于2004年出版的美国专利申请公开号2004/0256328的另一专利申请公开了一种用于监视过滤设备完整性的器件和方法。此公布内容描述了结合过滤器外壳来使用包含板上存储器芯片和通信器件的过滤器。该过滤器外壳充当监视和完整性测试器。该应用还公开了用来确保在多个圆形(multi-round)外壳中所使用的过滤元件的完整性的一组步骤。这些步骤包括查询存储元件以便验证正使用的过滤器类型、其限制数据及其生产发行数据。
尽管已经通过使用RFID标签进行了一些改进,然而还有一些尚未得到满意解决的另外的地方。例如,存在诸如完整性测试和蛋白质监视之类的多个应用,其中实时监视特定物质的浓度会是极其有益的。虽然RFID标签提供了本发明的一个实施例,然而还可以预见到利用有线通信的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的缺点,本发明描述了一种用于准确地测量过滤元件内物质浓度的系统和方法。
按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于维持在过滤器外壳内的过滤元件的薄膜表面上蛋白质浓度的方法,所述方法包括:把与发送器通信的浓度传感器定位到所述过滤元件的薄膜表面上;使用所述传感器来监视所述蛋白质的浓度;把所述浓度与预定范围相比较;并且响应于所述比较来调节横跨膜压力。
在某些实施例中,能够测量特定物质浓度的传感器和通信器件耦合以便能够在过滤器处于使用中时测量并发送在所述过滤器附近的特定物质的浓度。此系统能够包括集成有通信器件和传感器的单个组件。作为选择,所述系统能够包括彼此相互通信的相互独立的传感器和发送器组件。在又一实施例中,能够把存储元件加到该系统上,由此允许该器件存储一组浓度值。在又一实施例中,该发送器组件无线地操作。
此器件的使用对许多应用来说是有益的。例如,新近发展的完整性测试是基于把示踪气体添加到载体的原理。此示踪气体的检测比标准扩散测试给出了更高的灵敏度。检测此气体并把结果发送到过滤器外壳之外的能力会是大大有益的。在另一应用中,监视过滤器外壳内蛋白质浓度的能力使操作条件能够被调节以便维持在薄膜表面的蛋白质浓度从而获取更可靠且可再现的性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的、在过滤器端盖内的温度探测器/RFID通信器件的代表性实施例。
具体实施方式
图1图示了依照本发明的代表性过滤系统。用外壳20来封闭过滤元件10。该过滤元件能够简单地是多孔材料,诸如褶纸。作为选择,该过滤元件可以更为复杂;例如,包括诸如塑料之类的框架和多孔材料。浓度传感器30位于过滤元件10附近,并且优选贴到该过滤元件10上。此传感器30能够产生根据特定物质的周围浓度而改变的输出。此输出可以采用模拟电压或电流的形式,或者可以是数字值或脉冲。在优选实施例中,所述输出相对于浓度线性变化,然而这并非是必要条件。能够使用与周围浓度具有诸如对数或指数之类的已知关系的任何输出。在这种情况下,能够变换所述输出来确定实际测量的浓度。
该浓度传感器30优选被安装在过滤元件10的下游侧上。在其中所关注的浓度是均质的应用中,传感器30的位置并非是关键性的,并且能够处在该过滤元件的下游侧上的任何地方,诸如但不局限于该过滤元件的内表面或公共出口中。在浓度是离散且非均质的那些应用中,浓度传感器可以位于过滤元件的输出附近。在其它实施例中,浓度传感器30能够位于公共出口内。在一些应用中,该过滤元件的温度可能超过145℃,因此应当使用能够经受得起此温度的传感器。类似地,外壳20的温度可能从较低温度到较高温度并且返回地循环变化,因此该传感器应当能够经受得起温度循环变化。存在此种浓度传感器的多个实施例。例如在某些应用中,此传感器是使用特定的已知复合物来与所想要气体相交互的固态器件。在氢传感器的一个实施例中,使用MOS二极管,其中金属合金层包括PdAg合金,氧化物是SiO2并且半导体是硅。氢影响了在金属和氧化层之间的汇合处(junction),由此改变二极管的特性。然后可以把此汇合处变化转换为浓度级别。在另一实施例中,利用其中氧化物为SnO2的金属氧化物半导体厚膜器件。在传感器附近存在氧化气体改变了器件的电阻特性,由此使得能够确定所述气体的浓度。作为选择,其它传感器利用红外(infrared IR)色散来检测特定的物质。在这些传感器中,向接收器发送IR波束。当IR辐射从发送器传递到接收器时,诸如气体之类的所关注的特定物质吸收一些IR辐射。吸收量与物质的浓度相关。典型情况下还能够结合光缆来使用IR和UV光以便通过使用折射来测量溶质浓度。另一类型的传感器是根据光、电或压电检测方法的基于亲和力(affinity)的传感器。一个这种基于亲和力的传感器利用其上放置有适当配位体(ligand)的微量天平。所关注的物质被附于并粘附在所述配位体上。这导致位于微量天平上的质量略微增加。然后可以根据流速把此质量转换为浓度率。这些例子意在说明能够使用的一些类型的传感器;并不意在穷举列出所有这种适当的浓度传感器。
发送器40还位于传感器30附近或与之集成在一起。在优选实施例中,发送器40和浓度传感器30被封装在单个集成组件中。作为选择,发送器40和传感器30能够被相互分隔开来,并且能够彼此诸如经由电信号来通信。各种类型通信器件都是可能的。在一个实施例中,使用无线通信,并且优选使用RFID标签。有源RFID标签允许与读取器之间进行规则的通信。作为选择,能够使用无源RFID标签,借此从由RFID读取器所发送的电磁场获得用于发送并感测温度的能量。在另一实施例中,使用在处于外壳之外的控制模块和传感器之间的有线通信。
选择性地,能够结合发送器40和浓度传感器30来使用存储元件50。能够使用此存储元件50来存储一组浓度读数,诸如其可以借助传感器的有规律采样产生,所述存储元件50优选为随机存取存储器(RAM)或闪存(FLASH EPROM)器件。
这允许发送器40发送数据所采用的速率不同于采样浓度所采用的速率。例如,可以每秒采样浓度10次,而每秒只发送数据一次。
在一个实施例中,使用位于过滤器外壳20之外的无线接收器60来与所述发送器之间通信。在优选实施例中,使用RFID读取器或基站。该读取器能够被配置成使得它以有规律的间隔查询发送器。作为选择,该读取器能够被手动操作,使得当设备操作者进行请求时进行读数。在另一实施例中,该无线接收器60还包括存储元件。这降低了外壳内器件所需要的复杂性。在此实施例中,该无线接收器以优选有规律的间隔来查询该无线发送器/浓度传感器。它从无线发送器接收在那时所确定的当前浓度传感器测量。然后无线接收器60把此值存储在其存储元件中。该存储元件的容量能够变化,并且可以根据各种因素来确定。这些包括但不局限于接收测量所采用的速率,处理所存储数据所采用的速率,以及此存储元件与其外部环境通信的频率。
作为一个例子,考虑一个过滤元件具有与浓度传感器30耦合的无线发送器40,诸如RFID标签。在此实施例中,RFID标签是无源的,即,它只在收到来自无线接收器或基站的查询时才发送数据。当收到该查询时,该发送器发送当前可从浓度传感器30处获得的值。在一种方案中,被耦合到计算设备(诸如计算机)的无线接收器然后把这些值(选择性地连同相关联的时间戳一起)存储在诸如日志文件中。在不同的方案中,如果该无线接收器与计算机相互分离,那么该接收器将需要内部存储多个浓度测量,直到它连接到主计算和/或存储器件时为止。在这种情况下,存储元件需要与接收器集成在一起。
在本领域中已经公开了并且已知用于向外壳之外发送无线信号的机制。美国专利申请公开号2004/0256328描述了使用天线来把在位于过滤器外壳上的发送应答器之间的信息中继到所述外壳之外的监视和测试部件。
在已经定义了本发明的物理结构的情况下,在很多应用中本发明的物理结构都是有益的。下面打算图示那些应用中的一些,然而并不意味着是所有这种应用的列举。
在一个实施例中,结合就地完整性测试(in situ Integrity Testing)来使用本发明。此过程使操作者能够在没有附加设备的情况下确认在客户地点的过滤器外壳内过滤器的完整性。在一个实施例中,把诸如氦或氢之类的示踪气体添加到载体并且注入到该系统中。传感器优选被定位在该过滤器的下游侧上,以便测量示踪气体的渗漏点,所述传感器优选为能够测量示踪气体浓度的固态气体传感器。选择性地,所述传感器能够由疏水过滤器保护以免弄脏蛋白质及其它材料。在特定操作的横跨膜压力下示踪气体的浓度表示过滤器中气泡指向的特定气孔。示踪气体的浓度表明过滤器的完整性,从而可以为每种过滤器类型建立通过/失败准则。此测试会比标准的扩散测试给出始沸点和存在缺陷的更敏感的指示。此测试适用于任何过滤器,但是在理论上最适于正常流细小病毒(Normal Flow Parvovirus NFP)过滤器。
在第二实施例中,以已知比率把两种气体引入到过滤器外壳中。在于2005年10月11日提交的美国临时申请序号60/725,238中更加详细地描述了此实施例。在该优选实施例中,利用适当液体弄湿过滤元件,并且所选择的气体在该液体中具有不同的渗透性。所使用的气体能够属于各种组成物,包括惰性气体、氟化(perfluorinated)气体或二氧化碳。由于渗透性的差异,这些气体以不同速率扩散通过过滤元件,由此在过滤元件的下游侧上产生不同的比率。根据此比率,能够验证该过滤元件的完整性。使用一个或多个浓度传感器允许监视此下游比率。
本发明的第二应用涉及蛋白质监视。在此方案中,使用能够测量溶质浓度的传感器来控制该过滤过程,所述溶质浓度最优选为蛋白质浓度。在此应用中,该传感器优选为光纤,通过光纤能够进行紫外线或红外线测量;或者优选为基于光、电或压电检测方法的基于亲和力的传感器,或者优选为使用微量天平和适当配位体的基于亲和力的传感器。在切向流过滤(tangential flow filtration TFF)应用中,传感器位于过滤器上,优选地处于在气流道的出口端与过滤器物理整合的薄膜表面上。然后,该传感器能够测量在所述薄膜表面的蛋白质浓度。根据此读数,能够调节诸如横跨膜压力之类的操作条件,以便使蛋白质浓度维持在特定级别。此类控制尤其适合于切向流过滤,其中浓度边界层处于滤膜的顶部。借助所淀积蛋白质的壁浓度来确定薄膜性能,包括流量和筛选。从而,通过改变横跨膜压力,能够把薄膜壁处的蛋白质浓度保持在所指定窗口内。
在操作中,传感器30测量所述浓度。然后由发送器40把此值传送到过滤器外壳之外。外部接收器60接收此测量的浓度值。使用利用算法的常规控制循环,诸如比例积分微分(proportional-integral-derivative PID)或比例微分(proportional-derivative PD),能够根据当前压力和所接收的浓度测量来计算所更新的想要的横跨膜压力。然后,把此新值施加到该系统。通过动态地调节压力,能够容易地容纳逐批的变化。
在一个实施例中,利用塑料过滤器外壳,允许无线发送器在任何时间发送压力数据通过所述外壳。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于维持在过滤器外壳内的过滤元件的薄膜表面上蛋白质浓度的方法,所述方法包括:
把与发送器通信的浓度传感器定位到所述过滤元件的薄膜表面上;
使用所述传感器来监视所述蛋白质的浓度;
把所述浓度与预定范围相比较;并且
响应于所述比较来调节横跨膜压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括向位于所述外壳之外的接收器发送所监视的浓度的步骤。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述传感器包括光纤,通过该光纤进行IR或UV测量。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述传感器包括基于光、电或压电检测方法的基于亲和力的传感器。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述发送器利用无线通信。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述无线发送器包括RFID标签。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述基于亲和力的传感器包括微量天平和适当的配位体。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用PID回路来计算所述调节。
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