CN101646879B - 气动减震支座 - Google Patents

气动减震支座 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101646879B
CN101646879B CN2008800079726A CN200880007972A CN101646879B CN 101646879 B CN101646879 B CN 101646879B CN 2008800079726 A CN2008800079726 A CN 2008800079726A CN 200880007972 A CN200880007972 A CN 200880007972A CN 101646879 B CN101646879 B CN 101646879B
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bearing
housing
active chamber
enhancement element
spout
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CN101646879A (zh
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M·霍夫曼
A·格雷夫
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Trelleborg Automotive Germany GmbH
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Trelleborg Automotive Germany GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/20Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/085Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by features of plastics springs; Attachment arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种气动减震支座,尤其用于机动车辆的发动机支座,包括由弹性体材料制成的托簧(12),该托簧(12)用于支撑座芯(13)并且界定工作腔(11)。该工作腔(11)中充有气体尤其空气,并且该工作腔(11)通过喷口(18)与周围环境连通。为了使支座在工作腔(11)闭合后能进一步变形,设有由弹性体材料制成的增进元件(17),该增进元件(17)布置在托簧(12)对面并与后者一起界定所述工作腔(11)。

Description

气动减震支座
技术领域
本发明涉及气动减震支座,特别涉及用于机动车辆的发动机支座,其包括由弹性体材料制成的托簧,该托簧支撑座芯并且界定出工作腔,其中,该工作腔中充有气体尤其空气,并且工作腔通过喷口与周围环境或其它腔室连通。
背景技术
从德国专利申请公开号DE-A10,2004,008,401中知道了这种气动减震支座。托簧具有宽而平的横截面形状,用于实现具有尽可能大的泵送横截面的小工作腔体积。
德国专利申请公开号DE-A199,52,638公开了一种空气弹簧支座,其中工作腔室一侧由托簧界定,另一侧由阻尼板界定。泡沫层覆盖在阻尼板的整个表面上并与之粘接。泡沫层用于隔绝振幅小的干扰振动。喷嘴通道设在阻尼板中,用于连通工作腔和周围环境。
发动机支座必须满足力-位移特性曲线,以在特定负载下仍然能达到最佳隔离。这意味着托簧能实现大变形。然而,这种要求不允许被最佳应用于空气减震,因为其体积会因此变得太大。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种能避免上述问题的气动减震支座。
为实现该目的,对文首所述类型的气动减震支座提供由弹性体材料制成的增进元件,该增进元件布置在托簧的对面并与托簧一起界定工作腔。
在根据本发明的支座中,所要求的力-位移特性曲线由托簧和增进元件生成。如果托簧在其工作点附近工作,则工作腔在增进元件与托簧之间被压缩。因为增进元件因使用弹性体材料而有足够的体积刚性,所以在空气通过设在增进元件中的喷口排出时得到缓冲减震效果。随着准静态负载的增加,工作腔体积减小,直至它完全闭合,并且托簧的底面完全接触到增进元件的顶面上。如果进一步施力,则增进元件弹性变形。当负载进一步增大时,准静态刚度增加,直至最终达到最大位移。
优选实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
优选的是,增进元件在其远离工作腔的侧面具有至少一个空气腔。因而,当增进元件变形时,实现了其柔度的增加。
在此,空气腔优选包括在增进元件中形成的槽状凹穴。槽状凹穴可以旋转对称地形成。
在一个优选实施例中,喷口设在增进元件中。
在一个优选实施例中,托簧和增进元件被容纳在杯形壳体中。
优选地,通风口设在壳体中空气腔的区域处,以利于被排出的空气的通风。
优选地,空气腔通过喷口与工作腔连通。喷口在正高压和负高压下起压力安全阀的作用。
在一个优选实施例中,增进元件形成一体固化件形式。
在一个优选实施例中,增进元件具有一体形成的安装凸缘,特别用于卡固在壳体中。
在此情况下,喷嘴可以设置在安装区域中。
在另一个实施例中,增进元件被固化到或粘附在壳体上。
附图说明
在下文中,将会参考在附图中示意性示出的示例实施例以更详细地解释本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的支座的第一实施例的竖直剖视图;
图2是根据本发明的支座的第二实施例的竖直剖视图;
图3是根据本发明的支座的第三实施例的竖直剖视图;
图4是根据本发明的支座的第四实施例的竖直剖视图;
图5是根据本发明的支座的力-位移特性曲线。
具体实施方式
图1所示的气动减震支座10用于装载机动车辆的发动机(未示出)。支座10具有由弹性体材料、尤其橡胶制成的托簧12。座芯13包含用于装设在发动机上的竖直突出的螺栓14且被固化至托簧12中。
托簧12在其外周缘处支撑在杯形壳体15上,该杯形壳体包括用于连接到车体上的径向突出的凸缘16。不过,在此成旋转对称形状但也可以有不同的横截面形状的壳体15居中具有孔20。具有安装凸缘19的、由弹性体材料制成的增进元件17被容纳在壳体15中。为了固定增进元件17,在增进元件上设有卡固至壳体的孔20中的安装凸缘19。
增进元件17具有顶面17a,顶面17a和与之间隔开的托簧12底面12a一起界定工作腔11。充有空气的工作腔11通过穿过安装凸缘19的喷口18与周围环境相连通。
增进元件17在其远离工作腔11的底面17b具有由槽状凹穴22形成的空气腔21。通过空气腔21,提高了增进元件17在承压时的柔度。
以下将参见图5所示的力-位移特性曲线来描述支座10的工作。由于有要由托簧12承受的静态预负载,所以产生托簧12的弹簧压力z0。如果托簧12在工作点附近工作,则工作腔11在增进元件17与托簧12之间被压缩。因为增进元件17因使用弹性体材料而有足够的体积刚性,所以通过喷口18排出空气而产生阻尼缓冲效果。随着负载在施压方向上增大,工作腔11体积减小,直至其完全闭合,并且托簧12的底面12a与增进元件17的顶面17a完全相接。在力-位移特性曲线中,弹性变形效果以z1表示。当进一步施压时,增进元件17被压缩,其中空气腔21导致准静态刚性增大,直至最终达到最大位移。因而在工作腔11闭合之后,增进元件17容许支座进一步变形。
图2至图4表示其它实施例,在对其描述时用已加入的附图标记来表示相同或等同的零部件。
图2所示的气动减震支座10具有容纳在壳体15中的增进元件17。增进元件17通过粘接固定在壳体15上。多个孔23a、23b设在壳体15的底部15a,它们使增进元件17的空气腔21与周围环境连通。因此可以实现增进元件17的特别高的柔度。
在如图3所示支座10中,增进元件17具有空气腔21,工作腔11通过喷口24与空气腔21连通。喷口24在高压和负压下起到压力安全阀的作用。
图4表示另一个实施例,其中增进元件17具有与壳体的孔20连通的中央喷口18。在此,喷口成开缝薄膜的形式。
本发明支座的上述所有示例性实施例的区别特征在于,通过使用增进元件17,有利于在工作腔11闭合后支座10的进一步变形。随着负载进一步增加,准静态刚性因此会增加,直至最终达到最大位移。
附图标记列表
10支座;11工作腔;12托簧;13座芯;14螺栓;15壳体;16凸缘;17增进元件;18喷口;19安装凸缘;20孔;21空气腔;22凹穴;23孔。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于机动车辆的气动减震支座(10),包括由弹性体材料制成的托簧(12),该托簧用于支撑座芯(13)并界定工作腔(11),在该工作腔(11)中充有气体,并且该工作腔(11)通过喷口(18)与周围环境或其它腔室连通,设有由弹性体材料制成的增进元件(17),该增进元件(17)布置在该托簧(12)的对面并与该托簧一起界定所述工作腔(11),该托簧(12)和该增进元件(17)容纳在杯形壳体(15)中,其特征是,该增进元件(17)在远离工作腔(11)的底侧(17b)与壳体(15)一起界定空气腔(21),该壳体(15)具有孔(20),该增进元件(17)具有一体形成的且用于卡固在该壳体(15)的孔(20)中的安装凸缘(19),在该壳体(15)上在该空气腔(21)的区域中设有通风孔(23a,23b),该喷口(18)设置在该增进元件(17)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支座,其特征是,该空气腔(21)具有在该增进元件(17)中形成的槽状凹穴(22)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,该空气腔(21)通过喷口(24)与该工作腔连通。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,该增进元件(17)成一体固化件的形式。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,该喷口(18)设置在该安装凸缘(19)中。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,该增进元件(17)被固化或粘接在该壳体(15)中。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,所述用于机动车辆的气动减震支座是发动机支座。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的支座,其特征是,所述气体是空气。
CN2008800079726A 2007-03-12 2008-03-07 气动减震支座 Expired - Fee Related CN101646879B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012158.1 2007-03-12
DE102007012158A DE102007012158B4 (de) 2007-03-12 2007-03-12 Pneumatisch dämpfendes Lager
PCT/EP2008/052745 WO2008110506A1 (de) 2007-03-12 2008-03-07 Pneumatisch dämpfendes lager

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CN101646879A CN101646879A (zh) 2010-02-10
CN101646879B true CN101646879B (zh) 2012-01-04

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EP (1) EP2132456B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5036832B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101411567B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101646879B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0808850A2 (zh)
DE (1) DE102007012158B4 (zh)
ES (1) ES2426355T3 (zh)
IN (1) IN2009DN05761A (zh)
WO (1) WO2008110506A1 (zh)

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WO2008110506A1 (de) 2008-09-18
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ES2426355T3 (es) 2013-10-22
IN2009DN05761A (zh) 2015-07-24
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BRPI0808850A2 (pt) 2014-09-02
CN101646879A (zh) 2010-02-10

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