CN101631996A - 包括微通道热交换器的制冷装置 - Google Patents

包括微通道热交换器的制冷装置 Download PDF

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CN101631996A
CN101631996A CN200680056533.5A CN200680056533A CN101631996A CN 101631996 A CN101631996 A CN 101631996A CN 200680056533 A CN200680056533 A CN 200680056533A CN 101631996 A CN101631996 A CN 101631996A
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heat exchanger
refrigerating plant
condenser
described heat
fin
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J·斯卡塞拉
T·A·安德森
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/007—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/10—Phosphatation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/20—Chromatation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2502/00—Acrylic polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种能够用于运输冷却应用中的制冷装置。该制冷装置包括微通道热交换器(MCHX)、压缩机、蒸发器和恒温膨胀阀。微通道热交换器涂有丙烯酸成分。

Description

包括微通道热交换器的制冷装置
技术领域
本发明涉及微通道热交换器技术领域。更具体地，本发明涉及用于集装箱制冷应用的微通道热交换器。
背景技术
构造成通过轨道、公路和船舶运输冷藏货物的冷藏集装箱正变得很普遍。现有技术的冷藏集装箱包括集装箱本身和固定至集装箱一个端部的制冷装置。制冷装置通常固定在容器的与容器门相对的端部。
这样的冷藏集装箱构造成很容易通过船舶运输，方式是将多个这样的容器一个放在另一个顶上地摞起来并将多摞这样的容器彼此相邻地排成行和列地放置在船舶上。在由船舶运输之后，这些相同容器可以由起重机移动，并装到轨道车上用于经由轨道运输和/或安放到牵引拖车上以便经由公路运输。这样，集装箱就暴露在能够随时间而损坏该集装箱的各种环境条件和运输压力下。
现有技术的制冷装置已经包括能够用作冷凝器或蒸发器的标准圆管板翅式热交换器。在圆管板翅式热交换器中，铜管被结合到铜翅片上。让管穿过翅片毛坯，并迫使心轴穿过该管。这使管膨胀，管就会与翅片毛坯中的孔发生干涉，以建立压配合连接。通过管和翅片之间的直接金属接触实现高热效率。有时采用翅片强化来提高翅片的空气侧的热传递容量。结果是通过该高效率盘管设计实现了很好的热性能。
由于圆管板翅式热交换器的尺寸和重量所导致的制冷装置的大尺寸和重重量限制了能够摆在船舶、轨道上和/或公路车辆上的集装箱数量。此外，由于铜材料的高成本，圆管板翅式热交换器可能是极度昂贵的。另外，这种圆管板翅式热交换器的体积增加了对既昂贵又对环境有害的制冷剂的需求。
因此，已经确定需要一种用于集装箱的制冷装置，该制冷装置克服、减轻和/或缓和了现有技术冷藏集装箱的前述和其它不利效果中的一个或更多。
发明内容
一种制冷装置，包括微通道热交换器冷凝器。微通道热交换器冷凝器包括两个集管、多个扁管和多个翅片，所述集管、扁管和翅片由铝制成且涂有丙烯酸成分。微通道热交换器冷凝器与压缩机、蒸发器和恒温膨胀阀结合使用且布置在外壳内。
附图说明
图1是本发明的制冷装置的示例性实施例的第一透视图；
图2是本发明的制冷装置的第二透视图；
图3是本发明的制冷装置的第三透视图；
图4是本发明的热交换器盘管的俯视图；
图5是本发明的热交换器盘管的俯视图，其显示了布置在盘管的管之间的翅片；和
图6是本发明的热交换器盘管和系统注料保持区域的前视图。
具体实施方式
本发明已经确定了一种解决标准容器制冷应用的上述问题的技术方案，该方案包括使用微通道热交换器冷凝器。与标准圆管板翅式冷凝器相比，微通道热交换器冷凝器采用全铝钎焊翅片结构构成。有利地是本发明的微通道热交换器冷凝器用丙烯酸成分涂覆，以允许在恶劣的运输应用环境中使用微通道热交换器冷凝器。相对于传统系统，该微通道热交换器冷凝器在成本、制冷剂用量、盘管重量、和盘管体积方面显著减少。
微通道热交换器冷凝器包括扁微通道管、位于微通道管的交替层之间的翅片和两个制冷剂集管。例如使用充氮气的钎焊炉，将集管、微通道管和翅片结合在一起形成单个冷凝器。
微通道热交换器冷凝器的管基本是扁的，其内部分成容纳制冷剂的一系列多个平行流动微通道。处在扁微通道管之间的是翅片，这些翅片得到最优化以增加热传递。扁微通道管平行地分层且连接至两个制冷剂分配集管。微通道热交换器冷凝器可以是单通路或多通路。例如在一些系统中盘管设计可以具有三个或四个通路，只要系统能够承受通过盘管的制冷剂的压降。
微通道热交换器冷凝器的益处可以包括提高的热传递和热性能、冷凝器和整个装置增加的效率、制冷剂注料的显著减少、更紧凑和减小的冷凝器尺寸、重量的明显减少和成本的显著减少。
参考图1-3，它们显示了本发明的制冷装置10的透视图。制冷装置10具有压缩机20、冷凝器30、恒温膨胀阀(TXV)40和蒸发器50。冷凝器30是微通道热交换器，在下文中将会对它进行更详细地讨论。系统注料(未示出)可以流动通过制冷装置10以执行冷却操作。可以使用适于制冷装置10使用的任何系统注料。在一个实施例中，系统注料可以是由Dupont制造的HFC-134a。
压缩机20、冷凝器30、恒温膨胀阀40和蒸发器50均可操作地彼此连接，例如用管连接。因此，制冷装置10能够以本领域技术人员已知的方式操作。例如，压缩机20能够压缩系统注料，该系统注料然后流过冷凝器30。当在冷凝器30内时，系统注料能够借助于冷凝器风扇(未示出)和与外部空气的相互作用得到冷却。冷却的系统注料然后能够通过恒温膨胀阀40经历膨胀，并进入蒸发器50。就这样，集装箱内的环境空气借助于与蒸发器50的相互作用得到冷却。冷凝器30优选为单通路微通道热交换器冷凝器，但是如前文讨论的那样，在其它实施例中冷凝器30可以是多通路微通道热交换器冷凝器。
制冷装置10可以连接至外壳50，外壳50继而连接至用于运输的集装箱或存储装置的侧部。当在运输船上时，制冷装置可以从船上的电源获取动力。对于陆上应用场合，可以使用外部动力源，如用于轨道运输的“钳形”发电机或用于车辆运输的“底部安装式”发电机。这样动力源是本领域技术人员熟知的。
冷凝器30可以相对于外壳50以从0到90度的任何角度安装。然而，优选安装角度是二十度，如图1和2所示。本发明已确定这是增加热传递表面面积和最优化通过制冷装置10的空气循环的理想角度。
参考图4和5，它们显示了冷凝器30的更详细的视图。冷凝器30具有一对集管32和多个扁管34。每个扁管34内具有多个微通道(未示出)，多个翅片35连接至这些管34。冷凝器30还具有进口管道36和出口管道38。因此，在制冷剂装置10操作期间，系统注料流入进口管道36，穿过第一集管32，穿过扁管34和置于该扁管中的微通道，流入第二集管32再流出出口管道38。冷凝器30内的系统注料通过与冷凝器30周围的环境空气的相互作用而被冷却。
参考图6，冷凝器30还可以连接到密封的系统注料保持区域70。该系统注料保持区域是单独的同在审查中的申请的主题，该申请于2006年10月13日提交，题为“制冷回路”，代理卷号为No.0002832WOU，该申请的全部内容作为参考引入本文。
为了抵挡海洋环境的恶劣条件，本发明的冷凝器30必须涂有合适的保护材料。包围冷凝器30的材料优选地进行预处理，以除去材料表面上的任何残余氧化铝层。除去氧化物的方法都是本领域技术人员熟知的。例如，在一种方法中，可以静电地将熔剂敷到铝上，以除去氧化铝层并允许已经敷到管上的覆盖材料流入洁净接合区域以形成良好的冶金接合部。冷凝器30然后被蚀刻。该蚀刻是本领域熟知的工艺，意图在形成铬化涂层之前除去可能已经形成的任何氧化物。例如，可以用包括氟化氢的化学成分蚀刻冷凝器30。
微通道热交换器冷凝器30然后通过浸在磷酸铬溶液中而形成铬化涂层。用去离子水冲洗除去过多的铬。然后利用电涂工艺将微通道热交换器冷凝器30镀上丙烯酸溶液层31。在该工艺中，冷凝器30被静电地充电，且浸在丙烯酸溶液中，丙烯酸溶液已经被充电成具有与冷凝器相反的极性。充电电压和沉浸时间能够确定涂覆厚度。在固化之前用空气吹掉过多的溶液。期望的最大涂覆厚度是50微米。优选丙烯酸成分是包括由PPG公司出售的Resin CR830和CP 504Paste的双组分成分。
虽然已经参考一个或更多示例性实施例对本发明进行了描述，但是本领域技术人员应当理解的是，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下，可以作出各种改变以及可以用等同物替代本发明的零部件。此外，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下，根据本发明的教导可以作出许多变型以适合特定情况或材料。因而，本发明并不限于作为预期最佳实施方式所公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入所附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (6)

1.一种制冷装置，包括：
压缩机；
微通道热交换器冷凝器，所述热交换器冷凝器包括两个集管、多个扁管和多个翅片，所述歧管、扁管和翅片由铝制成且具有包含丙烯酸成分的涂层；
恒温膨胀阀；
蒸发器；和
外壳，所述热交换器盘管、所述蒸发器和所述压缩机放置在外壳内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其中：所述涂层具有50微米或更小的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，进一步包括置于所述丙烯酸成分涂层下面的磷酸铬涂层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，其中：所述热交换器盘管以二十度的角度安装至所述外壳。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制冷装置，进一步包括可操作地连接至所述热交换器盘管的系统注料保持区域。
6.一种涂覆微通道热交换器的方法，包括：
静电地向所述热交换器的表面敷熔剂；
蚀刻所述热交换器的所述表面；
将所述热交换器浸在磷酸铬溶液中；和
静电地充电所述热交换器并将所述热交换器浸在丙烯酸溶液中，所述丙烯酸溶液已经充电为具有与所述热交换器相反的极性。
CN200680056533.5A 2006-10-13 2006-10-13 包括微通道热交换器的制冷装置 Pending CN101631996A (zh)

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PCT/US2006/040128 WO2008048252A2 (en) 2006-10-13 2006-10-13 Refrigeration unit comprising a micro channel heat exchanger

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CN102706189A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2012-10-03 浙江微智源能源技术有限公司 一种温度控制装置
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