WO2020001506A1 - 一种冷链运输车 - Google Patents

一种冷链运输车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001506A1
WO2020001506A1 PCT/CN2019/093125 CN2019093125W WO2020001506A1 WO 2020001506 A1 WO2020001506 A1 WO 2020001506A1 CN 2019093125 W CN2019093125 W CN 2019093125W WO 2020001506 A1 WO2020001506 A1 WO 2020001506A1
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Prior art keywords
cold
energy storage
transport vehicle
chain transport
cold chain
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PCT/CN2019/093125
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁玉龙
张贝
聂彬剑
李春海
孟娣
廖良金
赵军鹏
胡宏利
王蒙
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中车石家庄车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车石家庄车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车石家庄车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2020001506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001506A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
    • B60P3/20—Refrigerated goods vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold chain transportation system, and in particular to a cold chain transportation vehicle capable of meeting different requirements for the temperature of cargo transportation.
  • Fresh products such as vegetables and fruits, processed foods such as frozen foods and dairy products, and various types of injections, medicaments, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products should always be in the specified temperature environment during production, storage, transportation, and sales, and in all links before consumption.
  • the storage and transportation of these items must rely on special equipment, and the temperature maintained in the special equipment varies with the types of items being transported.
  • the temperature range provided by refrigerated transportation equipment is -18 ° C to -22 ° C
  • the temperature range provided by refrigerated transportation equipment is 0 ° C to 7 ° C
  • the temperature range provided by constant temperature transportation equipment is 18 ° C to 22 ° C.
  • Patent KR200231247Y1 discloses a refrigeration system using phase change materials.
  • the refrigeration system includes a cold chain transport vehicle and a cooling and cooling device independent of the cold chain transport vehicle.
  • the cold chain transport vehicle has an energy storage device.
  • a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger are provided in the energy storage device.
  • Phase change material, external charge and cool equipment charge and cool the energy storage device.
  • the phase-change material of the patented energy storage device has a poor cold storage effect, and cannot guarantee the refrigerating temperature in the thermal insulation body of a cold chain transport vehicle.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a cold chain transport vehicle using passive refrigeration technology.
  • a passive energy storage unit with a good cold storage effect is provided in the transport vehicle.
  • the passive energy storage unit provides cooling capacity to meet the internal requirements of the vehicle body. Refrigeration temperature.
  • a cold chain transport vehicle includes a frame and a heat-insulating vehicle body arranged on the frame, characterized in that at least one Passive energy storage unit.
  • the passive energy storage unit includes a casing, a phase change material, and a heat exchanger.
  • the interior of the casing defines a space for accommodating the phase change material.
  • the heat exchanger is disposed in the space and is used to exchange the phase change material with the
  • the cold carrier liquid in the heat exchanger performs heat exchange, and the heat exchanger includes at least one group of heat exchange units.
  • the cold chain transport vehicle uses an external charging and cooling device to cool the passive energy storage unit in the mobile thermal insulation body, without the need for a refrigeration system such as a compressor unit and a cooler, which reduces the failure rate during transportation and facilitates maintenance during transportation. .
  • the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange body and a heat exchange reinforcement part, and the heat exchange reinforcement part and the heat exchange body conduct heat.
  • a further heat exchange reinforcing portion increases the contact area between the phase change material and the heat exchanger, and is arranged around the heat exchange body.
  • the design of the heat exchange strengthening part further increases the cold storage process of the phase change material.
  • the heat exchange reinforcing portion is provided to extend at least partially radially outward from the heat exchange body.
  • cooling liquid in the heat exchanger is provided by an external charging and cooling device.
  • the plurality of passive energy storage units are adjacent to each other, and further include a charging and cooling pipeline for supplying a cold liquid to the passive energy storage unit.
  • the charging and cooling pipeline includes a first and a second cooling and cooling pipes. Multiple passive energy storage units are connected between the first cold-charging tube and the second cold-charging tube.
  • the cold carrier liquid flows through the first cold-charging tubes, each passive energy storage unit, and the second cold-charging tubes to form a plurality of fluid paths, and the strokes of each fluid path are the same. Achieve the same flow of cold carrier liquid through each passive energy storage unit, ensure the same cold storage capacity of the phase change material of the passive energy storage unit at different positions in the cold chain transport vehicle, and achieve different internal differences in the cold chain transport vehicle.
  • the temperature at the location is the same.
  • a plurality of passive energy storage units are arranged next to each other side by side, and the first charging and cooling pipes and the second charging and cooling pipes are respectively arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of passive energy storage units.
  • multiple passive energy storage units are arranged in the length direction of the insulated car body and / or in the height direction of the insulated car body.
  • the multiple passive energy storage units can better meet the temperature requirements of the cold chain transport vehicle. .
  • a plurality of passive energy storage units are arranged on the top and / or the end of the insulated vehicle body.
  • one end of the first cold-filling pipe is a liquid inlet for filling a cold liquid
  • the other end of the first cold-filling pipe is closed
  • the first cold-filling pipe is provided with multiple passive connections between one end and the other end. Opening of the energy storage unit.
  • a plurality of valves for adjusting the flow of the cold carrier liquid are arranged on the first charging and cooling pipe.
  • one end of the second cold-charging tube is a liquid outlet for the cooling liquid
  • the other end of the second cold-charging tube is closed
  • the second cold-charging tube is provided with multiple passive energy storage devices between one end and the other Opening of the unit.
  • the second charging and cooling pipe is arranged around a plurality of passive energy storage units, and the surrounding design of the second charging and cooling pipe further satisfies the temperature requirements of the cold chain transport vehicle.
  • the passive energy storage unit is an energy storage board.
  • the frame and the heat-insulating vehicle body are provided as a whole, and the cold chain transportation vehicle is a special vehicle for rail transportation or a trailer for road transportation.
  • the cold chain transport vehicle also includes a power unit for providing power to the cold chain transport vehicle, and the cold chain transport vehicle is a cold chain transport vehicle for road transportation.
  • a cold chain transport vehicle with a passive energy storage unit is provided.
  • the heat preservation vehicle body is cooled by an external charging and cooling device.
  • the heat preservation vehicle body does not need to have its own refrigeration device, which reduces the failure during transportation. Rate, it also increases the convenience of maintenance.
  • the design of the cooling and cooling pipelines in the insulated vehicle body and the design of the heat exchange reinforcement inside the passive energy storage unit meet the cold storage process of the same temperature at different locations inside the insulated vehicle body and the addition of phase change materials in the passive energy storage unit.
  • the insulated car body and the frame are integrated, the vehicle can be used as a special vehicle for railway transportation or as a trailer for road transportation. When the body and the frame are separately provided, they can be used for road transportation with a cold chain drive vehicle capable of driving.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold chain transport vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-insulating body of a cold chain transport vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the top of a heat-insulating body of a cold chain transport vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an end of a heat-insulating car body of a cold chain transport vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric view of an energy storage plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger in an energy storage plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage board according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin with a clip structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchange fin according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 top energy storage board, 12: end energy storage board, 13: first cold charging tube, 14: second cold charging tube;
  • 111 shell, 112: heat exchanger, 113: radiating fins;
  • 1121 heat exchange enhancement section, 1122: heat exchange body; 1123: first heat exchange unit, 1124: second heat exchange unit;
  • 11211 first fin, 11212: second fin, 11213: third fin, 11221: first tube portion, 11222: second tube portion, 11223: third tube portion, 11224: fourth tube portion;
  • a cold liquid inlet
  • b cold liquid outlet
  • X radial direction
  • the cold chain transport vehicle in the present invention includes a heat-insulating body and a frame, which can be used for railway transportation or road transportation.
  • the vehicle can be used as a special vehicle for railway transportation or as a trailer for road transportation.
  • the body and the frame are separately provided, they can be used for road transportation with a cold chain drive vehicle capable of driving.
  • the heat-insulating body 1 and the frame 2 of the cold chain transport vehicle are designed as a whole.
  • the heat preservation vehicle body 1 has an energy storage plate therein, and the energy storage plate contains a phase change material.
  • the energy storage plate provides a cooling capacity for the internal space of the vehicle body, and guarantees the storage environment temperature requirements of frozen, chilled items or biological products.
  • the cold chain transport vehicle is used to store items. Therefore, during the transportation process, the temperature inside the heat preservation vehicle body 1 of the cold chain transport vehicle needs to be maintained within a predetermined temperature range. Based on the above requirements, the thermal insulation vehicle body 1 releases the top energy storage plate group, the end energy storage plate group, the first cold-charging tube 13 and the second cold-charging tube 14.
  • the top energy storage group and the end energy storage board group are disposed on the top and end fixed brackets of the heat-insulating vehicle body 1, which are adjacent to each other and arranged side by side.
  • the fixed bracket is designed with embedded ribs which can simultaneously increase the strength of the insulated car body 1 box.
  • the top energy storage plate group includes nine top energy storage plates 11, and the end energy storage plate includes one end energy storage plate 12, and the top energy storage plate 11, end energy storage plates 12 contain phase change materials, phase change materials inside.
  • the density of cold storage is large, the release energy is uniform and isothermal, the cold quantity is continuously and evenly released, and the temperature is automatically adjusted to keep the ambient temperature constant near the phase change point temperature of the phase change material, and maintain the refrigerated or frozen environment in the box. After a certain time, it needs to be supplemented with cold energy.
  • the first cold-charging tube 13 and the second cold-charging tube 14 receive the cold carrier liquid from the cold-charge equipment and deliver the cold carrier liquid to the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12.
  • the cold carrier liquid flowing in the first cold-charging tube 13 and the second cold-charging tube 14 performs heat exchange with the phase change material in the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12 to cause a phase change in the phase change material.
  • the cold capacity is stored in the phase change material.
  • the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12 include two U-shaped tubes.
  • Each U-shaped tube includes a cold carrier liquid inlet a and a cold carrier liquid outlet b.
  • the liquid inlet a is in communication with the first cold-charging tube 13
  • the cold-carrying liquid outlet b is in communication with the second cold-charging tube 14
  • the cold-carrying liquid inlet a is located below the cold-carrying liquid outlet b.
  • the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12 are connected in parallel through a first charging and cooling pipe 13 and a second charging and cooling pipe 14, and a cold carrier liquid flows through the first charging and cooling pipe 13, each passive energy storage unit and the first
  • the two charging and cooling pipes 14 form a plurality of fluid paths, and the strokes of each fluid path are the same.
  • the above design achieves the same stroke and the same flow rate of the cold carrier liquid flowing through each energy storage board, and can realize that the energy storage boards at different positions inside the thermal insulation vehicle body 1 have basically the same amount of cold storage, which ensures that the cold chain transport vehicle thermal insulation vehicle body 1 The temperature is even in different positions inside.
  • one end of the first cold-charging tube 13 is a liquid inlet for filling a cold liquid, and the other end is closed.
  • the first cold-charging tube 13 is between the liquid inlet and the closed end and has multiple tops.
  • the energy storage plate 11 is in communication with the cold liquid inlet a of the end energy storage plate 12, and a plurality of valves for regulating the flow of the cold liquid are arranged at the connection of the cold liquid inlet a, and the cold charging pipeline can be avoided by adjusting the valve Congestion;
  • one end of the second charging and cooling pipe 14 is a liquid outlet of the cold liquid, and the other end is closed, and the second charging and cooling pipe 14 is between the liquid outlet and the closed end and a plurality of top energy storage plates 11 and the ends
  • the cooling liquid outlet b of the energy storage plate 12 is communicated.
  • the second charging and cooling pipe 14 is provided around the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12. The surrounding design of the second cooling and cooling pipe 14 maximizes the path of the second cooling and
  • the structure of the top energy storage plate 11 and the end energy storage plate 12 are the same.
  • the following uses the energy storage plate 11 as an example to describe the internal structure of the energy storage plate.
  • the energy storage plate 11 includes a casing 111 that houses a phase change material, and a heat exchanger 112 is disposed in the casing 111.
  • the heat exchanger 112 is used for heat exchange when the energy storage plate 11 is charged and cooled. Under the charging and cooling conditions, the heat exchanger 112 is continuously supplied with a cooling liquid, and the phase change material and the cooling liquid in the heat exchanger are used for heating. Swap to produce a phase change. After the phase change material completely undergoes a phase change or meets a predetermined requirement, the charging and cooling of the energy storage plate 11 is stopped, that is, the supply of the cooling liquid is stopped. The phase-change material releases the stored cold quantity into the cold-chain transport vehicle thermal insulation body 1.
  • the casing 111 is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity and rigidity.
  • the casing 111 can adopt a flat plate structure.
  • At least part of the outer surface is provided with heat dissipation fins 113.
  • the heat dissipation fins 113 increase the energy storage plate 11 and cold chain transportation.
  • the contact area of the storage space in the vehicle heat preservation vehicle body 1 is beneficial to the uniform release of the cooling capacity, and the heat radiation fin 113 constitutes a heat radiation reinforcement portion.
  • the shell can also adopt a curved plate structure, which also increases the heat exchange contact area between the shell and the external space in the main body of the thermal insulation box, which is conducive to the uniform release of cold energy.
  • At least one surface of the shell is provided in the form of a curved plate, and the surface structure may be a rib structure, a wave-shaped structure, or other structures with alternating protrusions and grooves.
  • the heat exchanger 112 is immersed in the phase change material and can cool the phase change material.
  • the heat exchanger 112 can optionally heat the phase change material.
  • the heat exchanger 112 has a heat exchange body 1122, and each heat exchange body 1122 has a cold carrier liquid inlet and a cold carrier liquid outlet.
  • the heat exchange body 1122 includes one or more U-shaped bends, and a cold carrier fluid flows through the heat exchange body 1122 while performing heat transfer with the phase change material.
  • a heat exchange strengthening portion 1121 is provided outside the heat exchange body 1122, and the heat exchange body 1122 and the heat exchange strengthening portion 1121 form a heat exchange unit.
  • the heat exchange body 1122 is a bent pipe 1122
  • the heat exchange reinforcing portion 1121 is a fin 1121.
  • the heat exchange body 1122 is a bent tube, which has two U-shaped bends, and two U-shaped elbows on both sides connect four straight pipe parts: the first The pipe section 11221, the second pipe section 11222, the third pipe section 11223, and the fourth pipe section 11224.
  • the first pipe section 11221 is connected to the cold liquid inlet a of the energy storage plate 11, and the fourth pipe section 11224 is connected to the The cold carrier liquid outlet b is connected.
  • the cold carrier liquid enters the first pipe portion 11221 from the inlet, flows through the four pipe portions in sequence, and flows out from the cold carrier liquid outlet b.
  • These four tube portions abut in the radial direction, and this direction is defined as the abutment direction X of the tube portions.
  • a heat exchange strengthening portion 1121 is provided outside the heat exchange body 1122, and a heat exchange strengthening portion provided corresponding to a tube portion is defined as a heat exchange strengthening unit.
  • each heat exchange strengthening unit includes three kinds of heat exchange fins: a first fin 11211, a second fin 11212, and a third fin 1113.
  • the fins are arranged to extend radially outward from the tube portion. Linear or arc-shaped fins, the fins extending over the entire axial length of the tube portion, and adjacent fins of adjacent tube portions are at least partially thermally connected to each other.
  • the first fin 11211 extends in the adjacent direction X of the tube portion
  • the second fin 11212 extends in the vertical direction of the tube portion abutment direction X, and further includes a direction between the adjacent direction of the tube portion and the vertical direction of the adjacent direction. ⁇ Extending the third fin 11213.
  • the fins are arranged around the tube portion.
  • each tube portion includes two second fins 11212, and the second fins 11212 can be extended to abut the inner surface of the housing 111, and become a ceiling mode, thereby supporting the bent pipe 1122.
  • Each tube portion includes two first fins 11211.
  • One of the first fins 11211 has a groove structure, and the other of the first fins 11211 has a protrusion.
  • the first tube portion 11221 has a first fin 11211 with a groove structure.
  • the first fin 11211 having a convex structure and the second tube portion 11222 are connected together through protrusions and grooves to become a hand-in-hand mode to maximize the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger 112 and the phase change material.
  • the second pipe part 11222 adopts the same connection method as the third pipe part 11223, the third pipe part 11223, and the fourth pipe part 11224.
  • the first fin 11211 between the first tube portion 11221 and the casing may extend all the way to the inner surface of the casing 222 to support the bent tube 1122. Of course, the first fin 11211 may not extend to the inner surface of the casing 111.
  • the heat exchange fins of the heat exchange enhancement unit can adopt other structural forms, such as linear or arc fins, the specific form is shown in Figure 9-13, as long as the contact area of the phase change material and the heat exchanger is increased Just fine.
  • 9-13 are schematic cross-sectional views of heat exchange fins in the second to sixth embodiments of the present invention.
  • the fins may extend at least partially radially outward from the heat exchange body, or at least partially extend axially from the heat exchange body, or be distributed at different axial positions of the heat exchange body, or spirally
  • the mode is coiled around the heat exchange body.
  • the heat exchanger 112 may have multiple heat exchange units.
  • one heat exchanger has two heat exchange units, a first heat exchange unit 1123 and a second heat exchange unit 1124.
  • the first heat exchange unit 1123 and The second heat exchange unit 1124 abuts in the radial direction X of the pipe portion, and the first fin 11211 of the fourth pipe portion 11224 of the first heat exchange unit 1123 and the first fin of the first pipe portion 11221 of the second heat exchange unit 1124
  • a fin 11211 is connected together by protrusions and grooves, and the two heat exchange units become a hand-in-hand mode as a whole.
  • the first fin 11211 between the fourth tube portion 11224 of the second heat exchange unit 1124 and the casing 111 may extend all the way to the inner surface of the casing 111 to support the bent tube 1122.
  • the first fin 11211 may not It extends to the inner surface of the casing 111.
  • the fins can be manufactured with rough surfaces or through holes can be provided.
  • the shell may also be filled with crystal nuclei, and the crystal nuclei are preferably a honeycomb substance, such as honeycomb aluminum.
  • the cold chain transport vehicle of the invention adopts a passive energy storage unit, which solves the technical barrier of energy supply during the cold chain transportation process, and does not require external energy during the process.
  • the operating safety is significantly improved, the cold release is uniform, the temperature fluctuation is small, and the control Accurate temperature, cold chain transporter using passive energy storage unit to reduce the rate of cargo damage and effectively guarantee the quality of the cargo.
  • it reduces transportation costs and facilitates maintenance.
  • the use of phase change materials has a large cold storage density, high latent heat value, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-polluting, non-flammable and explosive, stable cycle performance, and long service life.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种冷链运输车，包括：车架、设置在车架上的保温车体(1)，保温车体(1)内设置有至少一个无源储能单元，无源储能单元包括壳体(111)、相变材料及换热器(112)，壳体(111)的内部限定容纳相变材料的空间，换热器(112)设置于空间内并用于将相变材料与换热器(112)内的载冷液进行热交换，换热器(112)包括至少一组换热单元。冷链运输车由无源储能单元提供冷量以满足保温车体(1)内部规定温度，充冷装置与冷链运输车可独立设置，降低了冷链运输车的运输过程中的设备故障率，方便维护保养。

Description

一种冷链运输车 技术领域
本发明涉及冷链运输系统，具体而言，涉及一种能满足不同货物运输温度要求的冷链运输车。
背景技术
蔬菜、水果等鲜活品，速冻食品奶制品等加工食品和各类针剂、药剂、疫苗等医药品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中应该始终处于规定的温度环境下。这些物品的贮藏运输必须依靠专用设备，随着运输物品种类的不同，专用设备内保持的温度不同。冷冻运输设备能够提供的温度范围在-18℃～-22℃，冷藏运输设备能够提供的温度范围在0℃～7℃，恒温运输设备能够提供的温度范围在18℃～22℃。
为了使保温运输设备内温度维持在预定的恒定的范围内，保温设备要具有专用的结构设计。专利KR200231247Y1公开了使用相变材料的制冷系统，制冷系统包括冷链运输车及与冷链运输车独立的充冷装置，冷链运输车具有储能装置，储能装置内设置有换热器及相变材料，外部充冷设备为储能装置充冷。然而，该专利储能装置的相变材料蓄冷效果较差，不能保障冷链运输车保温车体内的冷藏温度。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种采用无源制冷技术的冷链运输车，运输车内设置有蓄冷效果良好的无源储能单元，由无源储能单元提供冷量以满足车体内部的冷藏温度。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种冷链运输车，冷链运输车包括车架、设置在车架上的保温车体，其特征在于，保温车体内设置有至少一个无源储能单元，无源储能单元包括壳体、相变材料及换热器，壳体的内部限定容纳相变材料的空间，换热器设置于空间内并用于将相变材料与换热器内的载冷液进行热交换，换热器包括至少一组换热单元。冷链运输车通过外部充冷装置为流动保温车体中的无源储能单元充冷，无需自带压缩机组、冷却器等制冷系统，减少了运输过程的故障率，也方便运输过程的维修。
以下是对上述发明的进一步优化：
进一步的，换热单元包括换热本体和换热加强部，换热加强部与换热本体热传导。
进一步的换热加强部增大相变材料与换热器的接触面积，且围绕换热本体设置。换热加强部的设计进一步增加了相变材料的蓄冷过程。
进一步的，换热加强部设置为至少部分地从换热本体径向向外延伸。
进一步的，换热器内的载冷液由外部充冷装置提供。
进一步的，多个无源储能单元彼此相邻，还包括向无源储能单元提供载冷液的充冷管路，充冷管路包括第一充冷管和第二充冷管，在第一充冷管和第二充冷管之间连接多个无源储能单元。
进一步的，载冷液流经第一充冷管、每一个无源储能单元、第二充冷管，形成了多个流体路径，且各流体路径的行程相同。实现了载冷液流经每个无源储能单元的流量相同，保证了冷链运输车内不同位置的无源储能单元的相变材料的蓄冷量相同，实现了冷链运输车内部不同位置的温度相同。
进一步的，多个无源储能单元彼此相邻并并排设置，第一充冷管和第二充冷管分别沿着多个无源储能单元的排布方向设置。
进一步的，多个无源储能单元设置在保温车体的长度方向上和/或保温车体的高度方向上，多块无源储能单元能够较好的满足冷链运输车内温度的需求。
进一步的，多个无源储能单元布置在保温车体的顶部和/或端部。
进一步的，第一充冷管的一端为充入载冷液的进液口，第一充冷管的另一端封闭，第一充冷管在一端和另一端之间设置有多个连接无源储能单元的开口。
进一步的，第一充冷管上布置有多个用于调节载冷液流量的阀门。
进一步的，第二充冷管的一端为载冷液的出液口，第二充冷管的另一端封闭，第二充冷管在一端和另一端之间设置有多个连接无源储能单元的开口。
进一步的，第二充冷管围绕多个无源储能单元设置，第二充冷管的围绕设计进一步的满足了冷链运输车内温度的需求。
进一步的，无源储能单元是储能板。
进一步的，车架与保温车体设置为一体，冷链运输车为铁路运输的特种车辆或公路运输的挂车。
进一步的，冷链运输车还包括为冷链运输车提供动力的动力装置，冷链运输车为公路运输的冷链运输车。
应用本发明的技术方案，提供一种具有无源储能单元的冷链运输车，由外部的充冷装置为保温车体充冷，保温车体无需自带制冷装置，减少了运输过程的故障率，也增加了维修的便捷性。且保温车体内的充冷管线设计及无源储能单元内部的换热加强部的设计满足了保温车体内部不同位置的温度相同且加块了无源储能单元内部相变材料的蓄冷过程。保温车体与车架设置为一体时，可用作铁路运输的特种车辆或公路运输的挂车；车体与车架设置分别独立设置时，可用于公路运输的有驱动能力的冷链运输车。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的冷链运输车结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明的冷链运输车保温车体结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明的冷链运输车保温车体顶部结构示意图；
图4是根据本发明的冷链运输车保温车体端部结构示意图；
图5是根据本发明的储能板轴测图；
图6是根据本发明的换热器在储能板内结构示意图；
图7是根据本发明的储能板结构示意图；
图8是根据本发明实施例一中带有卡接结构的换热翅片截面示意图；
图9是根据本发明实施例二中的换热翅片截面示意图；
图10是根据本发明实施例三中的换热翅片截面示意图；
图11是根据本发明实施例四中的换热翅片截面示意图；
图12是根据本发明实施例五中的换热翅片截面示意图；
图13是根据本发明实施例六中的换热翅片截面示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1：保温车体，2：车架；
11：顶部储能板，12：端部储能板，13：第一充冷管，14：第二充冷管；
111：壳体，112：换热器，113：散热翅片；
1121：换热加强部，1122：换热本体；1123：第一换热单元，1124：第二换热单元；
11211：第一翅片，11212：第二翅片，11213：第三翅片，11221：第一管部，11222：第二管部，11223：第三管部，11224：第四管部；
a：载冷液入口，b：载冷液出口，X：径向方向。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本申请作进一步详细描述，这些实施例不能理解为限制本申请所要求保护的范围。术语“包括”在使用时表明存在特征，但不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征。
本发明中的冷链运输车包括保温车体、车架，可用于铁路运输或公路运输。保温车体与车架设置为一体时，可用作铁路运输的特种车辆或公路运输的挂车；车体与车架设置分别独立设置时，可用于公路运输的有驱动能力的冷链运输车。
如图1所示，冷链运输车的保温车体1与车架2为一体设计。保温车体1内具有储能板，储能板内容纳相变材料，由储能板为车体内部空间提供冷量，保证冷冻、冰鲜物品或生物制品对储存环境温度的要求。
如图2-4所示，冷链运输车用于存储物品，因此在运输过程中，冷链运输车保温车体1内部的温度需要维持在预定的温度范围内。基于以上需求，保温车体1释放冷量的顶部储能板组、端部储能板组、第一充冷管13和第二充冷管14。顶部储能组、端部储能板组设置在保温车体1的顶部和端部的固定支架上，其彼此相邻且并排设置。固定支架上设计有同时能增加保温车体1箱体强度的预埋筋板。顶部储能板组包括九个顶部储能板11、端部储能板包括一个端部储能板12，顶部储能板11、端部储能板12内部容纳有相变材料，相变材料储冷密度大、释能均匀等温，冷量持续均匀释放，自动调温，使环境温度恒定在相变材料相变点温度附近，维持箱内冷藏或冷冻环境，相变材料持续释放冷量到达一定时间后，需要对其进行冷量的补充。第一充冷管13和第二充冷管14接收来自充冷设备的载冷液并将载冷液输送至顶部储能板11、端部储能板12中。第一充冷管13和第二充冷管14中流动的载冷液与顶部储能板11、端部储能板12中的相变材料进行热交换，使相变材料产生相变，将冷量储存在相变材料中。
如图5-6所示，顶部储能板11、端部储能板12内包括两根U型管，每个U型管包括一个载冷液入口a及一个载冷液出口b，载冷液入口a与第一充冷管13连通，载冷液出口b与第二充冷管14连通，且载冷液入口a位于载冷液出口b的下方。顶部储能板11、端部储能板12通过第一充冷管13和第二充冷管14并联连接，载冷液流经第一充冷管13、每个无源储能单元及第二充冷管14，形成了多个流体路径，且各流体路径的行程相同。以上设计实现了载冷液流经每个储能板的行程相同、流量相同，能实现保温车体1内部不同位置储能板具有基本相同的蓄冷量，保证了冷链运输车保温车体1内不同位置的温度均匀。
如图3-4所示，第一充冷管13的一端为充入载冷液的进液口、另一端封闭，第一充冷管13在进液口和封闭端之间与多个顶部储能板11和、端部储能板12的载冷液入口a连通，且在载冷液入口a连通处布置有多个调节载冷液流量的阀门，可通过调节阀门避免充冷管路拥堵；第二充冷管14的一端为载冷液的出液口、另一端封闭，第二充冷管14在出液口和封闭端之间与多个顶部储能板11和、端部储能板12的载冷液出口b连通。第二充冷管14围绕顶 部储能板11、端部储能板12设置。第二充冷管14的围绕型设计，实现了第二充冷管的路径最大化，进一步保障了保温车体1内环境温度需求。
其中顶部储能板11与端部储能板12的结构相同，以下以储能板11为例说明储能板内部结构。
图5-8是是储能板11的结构图，储能板11包括壳体111，壳体容纳相变材料，同时壳体111内设置换热器112。换热器112用于在储能板11充冷时进行换热，充冷工况下，换热器112中持续供应有载冷液，相变材料与换热器内的载冷液进行热交换，产生相变。相变材料完全发生相变后，或符合预定要求后，停止对储能板11进行充冷，即停止载冷液的供应。相变材料将储存的冷量释放到冷链运输车保温车体1中。
壳体111采用导热性和刚性好的金属材料制作，壳体111可以采用平面压板结构，外表面至少部分地设置有散热翅片113，散热翅片113增大了储能板11与冷链运输车保温车体1内的存储空间的接触面积，利于均匀释放冷量，散热翅片113构成了散热加强部。壳体也可以采用曲面压板结构，同样增大壳体与保温箱本体内的外部空间的换热接触面积，利于均匀释放冷量。壳体的至少一个表面设置成曲面压板形式，表面的结构可以是压筋结构、波浪形结构，或其它的具有交替的凸起与凹槽结构。
换热器112浸没在相变材料中，能够冷却相变材料，当然，根据实际需求，换热器112可选地加热相变材料。换热器112具有换热本体1122，每个换热本体1122具有一个载冷液入口和一个载冷液出口。换热本体1122包括一个或多个U型折弯，载冷液在换热本体1122中流过，同时与相变材料进行热传递。为了促进载冷液与相变材料之间的热交换，换热本体1122外部设置有换热加强部1121，换热本体1122和换热加强部1121组成一个换热单元。本实施例中，换热本体1122为折弯管1122，换热加强部1121为翅片1121。
如图5-8所示的实施例一中，换热本体1122为折弯管，具有两个U型折弯，位于两侧的两个U型弯头连接四个直的管部：第一管部11221、第二管部11222、第三管部11223和第四管部11224，第一管部11221与储能板11的载冷液入口a相连，第四管部11224与储能板的载冷液出口b相连，载冷液从入口进入第一管部11221，并依次流经四个管部，从载冷液出口b流出。这四个管部在径向方向上邻接，将该方向定义为管部的邻接方向X。换热本体1122外部设置有换热加强部1121，将对应到一个管部所设置的换热加强部定义为一个换热加强单元。
实施例一中，每个换热加强单元包括三种换热翅片：第一翅片11211、第二翅片11212、第三翅片11213，翅片设置为从管部径向向外延伸的直线型或弧型翅片，翅片在管部的整个轴向长度上延伸，相邻管部的相邻翅片至少部分地彼此热传导地连接。第一翅片11211在管部的邻接方向X上延伸，第二翅片11212在管部邻接方向X的垂直方向上延伸，还包括在管部的邻接方向和邻接方向的垂直方向之间的方向上延伸第三翅片11213。翅片排布在管部周围，在管部的任意一个径向截面上看，翅片在管部周围形成太阳花模式。每个管部包括两个第二翅片11212，第二翅片11212可以一直延伸到抵接壳体111内表面，成为顶天立地模式，从而支 撑折弯管1122。每个管部包括两个第一翅片11211，其中一个第一翅片11211具有槽结构，另外一个第一翅片11211具有凸起，第一管部11221的具有槽结构的第一翅片11211与第二管部11222的具有凸起结构的第一翅片11211通过凸起和凹槽连接在一起，成为手拉手模式，以最大限度增大换热器112与相变材料的热交换面积，达到理想的制冷效果。第二管部11222与第三管部11223、第三管部11223和第四管部11224的采用相同的连接方式。第一管部11221与壳体之间的第一翅片11211可以一直延伸到壳体222内表面，从而支撑折弯管1122，当然第一翅片11211也可以不延伸到壳体111内表面。
换热加强单元的换热翅片可以采用其它的结构形式，例如直线型或弧型翅片，具体形式如图9-13所示，只要增大所述相变材料与换热器的接触面积即可。图9-13是本发明实施例二到六中换热翅片截面示意图。翅片可以至少部分的从所述换热本体径向向外延伸，或者至少部分地从所述换热本体轴向延伸，或者分布在所述换热本体不同的轴向位置上，或者以螺旋方式盘绕在所述换热本体周围。
换热器112可以具有多个换热单元，本实施例一中，一个换热器具有第一换热单元1123和第二换热单元1124这两个换热单元，第一换热单元1123和第二换热单元1124在管部的径向方向X上邻接，第一换热单元1123的第四管部11224的第一翅片11211与第二换热单元1124的第一管部11221的第一翅片11211通过凸起和凹槽连接在一起，两个换热单元整体成为手拉手模式。第二换热单元1124的第四管部11224与壳体111之间的第一翅片11211可以一直延伸到壳体111内表面，从而支撑折弯管1122，当然第一翅片11211也可以不延伸到壳体111的内表面。
为了加快相变材料产生相变，翅片可以制造成粗糙表面，也可以设置通孔。另外，壳体内还可以填充有晶核，晶核优选为蜂窝状物质，例如蜂窝铝。
本发明冷链运输车采用了无源储能单元，解决了冷链运输过程配备能源供应的技术壁垒，过程中不需要外部能源，运行安全性显著提高、释冷均匀、温度波动度小、控温精准，采用无源储能单元的冷链运输车降低货物腐损率，有效保证了货物品质。同时，降低运输成本，维护保养方便。且采用相变材料储冷密度大、潜热值高，无毒，无腐蚀，无污染、不易燃易爆、循环性能稳定，使用周期长。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种冷链运输车，所述冷链运输车包括车架、设置在所述车架上的保温车体(1)，其特征在于，所述保温车体(1)内设置有至少一个无源储能单元，所述无源储能单元包括壳体(111)、相变材料及换热器(112)，所述壳体(111)的内部限定容纳相变材料的空间，所述换热器(112)设置于所述空间内并用于将所述相变材料与所述换热器(112)内的载冷液进行热交换，所述换热器(112)包括至少一组换热单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述换热单元包括换热本体(1122)和换热加强部(1121)，所述换热加强部(1121)与所述换热本体(1122)热传导。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述换热加强部(1121)增大所述相变材料与换热器(112)的接触面积，且围绕所述换热本体(1122)设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述换热加强部(1121)设置为至少部分地从所述换热本体(1122)径向向外延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述换热器(112)内的载冷液由外部充冷装置提供。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，多个所述无源储能单元彼此相邻，还包括向无源储能单元提供载冷液的充冷管路，所述充冷管路包括第一充冷管(13)和第二充冷管(14)，在所述第一充冷管(13)和第二充冷管(14)之间连接所述多个无源储能单元。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述载冷液流经所述第一充冷管(13)、每一个无源储能单元、第二充冷管(14)，形成了多个流体路径，各所述流体路径的行程相同。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述多个无源储能单元彼此相邻并并排设置，所述第一充冷管(13)和第二充冷管(14)分别沿着所述多个无源储能单元的排布方向设置。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述多个无源储能单元设置在所述保温车体(1)的长度方向上和/或所述保温车体(1)的高度方向上。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述多个无源储能单元布置在所述保温车体(1)的顶部和/或端部。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述第一充冷管(13)的一端为充入载冷液的进液口，所述第一充冷管(13)的另一端封闭，所述第一充冷管(13)在所述一端和另一端之间设置有多个连接所述无源储能单元的开口。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述第一充冷管(13)上布置有多个用于调节所述载冷液流量的阀门。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述第二充冷管(14)的一端为所述载冷液的出液口，所述第二充冷管(14)的另一端封闭，所述第二充冷管(14)在所述一端和另一端之间设置有多个连接所述无源储能单元的开口。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述第二充冷管(14)围绕多个所述无源储能单元设置。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述无源储能单元是储能板。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任意一项所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述车架与所述保温车体(1)设置为一体，所述冷链运输车为铁路运输的特种车辆或公路运输的挂车。
  17. 根据权利要求1-15中任意一项所述的冷链运输车，其特征在于，所述冷链运输车还包括为所述冷链运输车提供动力的动力装置，所述冷链运输车为公路运输的冷链运输车。
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