WO2020073690A1 - 充冷设备及包括该设备的供冷系统 - Google Patents

充冷设备及包括该设备的供冷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073690A1
WO2020073690A1 PCT/CN2019/093127 CN2019093127W WO2020073690A1 WO 2020073690 A1 WO2020073690 A1 WO 2020073690A1 CN 2019093127 W CN2019093127 W CN 2019093127W WO 2020073690 A1 WO2020073690 A1 WO 2020073690A1
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Prior art keywords
cooling
cold
unit
transmission device
storage unit
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PCT/CN2019/093127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁玉龙
聂彬剑
张童童
丛琳
童山虎
廖良金
王蒙
李春海
胡晓微
李子潇
胡宏利
陈久良
张叶龙
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中车石家庄车辆有限公司
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Publication of WO2020073690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073690A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/006—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cold storage accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/006—General constructional features for mounting refrigerating machinery components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold chain transportation system, in particular, to a cold charging equipment and a cold supply system including the same.
  • Cold energy plays an indispensable role in the fields of catering, medicine, energy, data and industry. With the growth of the population and the improvement of people's requirements for the quality of life and the improvement of the ecological environment, the role of cold energy, especially clean cold energy, is becoming increasingly important.
  • Cold chain container is a kind of thermal insulation transportation equipment used to transport temperature sensitive goods. It is necessary to keep the products in the box within a certain temperature range during the transportation process through the thermal insulation device, and to ensure the quality of the goods without changes in the surrounding temperature and humidity.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a cooling equipment, which can store a large amount of cold under the same storage space.
  • a cold charging device including a cold storage unit, a first transmission device, and a cold supply unit.
  • the cold supply unit provides cooling capacity for the cold storage unit.
  • a transmission device communicates with the cooling unit.
  • the first transmission device transfers the first cold carrier medium to the cold storage unit and transmits the used first cold carrier medium back to the cold supply unit.
  • the cold storage unit includes the energy storage material, the first The cooling medium transfers the cooling capacity of the cooling unit to the energy storage material in the cold storage unit through the first transmission device, and the energy storage material stores the cooling capacity carried by the first cooling medium.
  • the cold storage unit further includes a heat exchanger, and the energy storage material exchanges the cooling capacity with the cold supply unit through the heat exchanger.
  • the energy storage material is a low temperature phase change material and / or a thermochemical energy storage material.
  • the low-temperature phase change material is one or more of organic phase change materials, inorganic phase change materials, and composite phase change materials with a cooling temperature range of -200 to 30 ° C.
  • the phase change material can store a large amount of cold.
  • the cooling temperature range of the low-temperature phase change material is -170 ° C to -140 ° C or -60 ° C to 0 ° C or 4 ° C to 26 ° C.
  • the organic phase change material is one or more of paraffins and organic acids.
  • the cold storage unit includes a housing that houses the energy storage material, the volume of the housing and the volume of the energy storage material are determined by the cooling capacity of the cold charging device, and the cold storage unit can be flexibly designed according to the cooling needs of different occasions The size of the housing and the volume of the energy storage material.
  • the heat exchanger includes a heat exchange pipe, and the heat exchange pipe communicates with the first transmission device to form a first circulation circuit, and the first cooling medium is transmitted in the first circulation circuit.
  • the heat exchanger includes heat exchange pipes and fins, and the fins accelerate the heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the energy storage material.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchange pipe is one or more of a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a spiral, and a triangle.
  • the material of the heat exchange pipe is graphite modified polypropylene.
  • the first transmission device includes a first valve, a second valve, a first pipeline, and a first circulation pump that provides power to the first transmission device.
  • the first valve, the second valve, and the first circulation pump are located in the first tube On the road.
  • the cold supply unit and the cold storage unit are separately set, and the cold storage unit can be transported separately, which improves the working flexibility and the efficiency of the cold charging equipment.
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling unit comes from the refrigeration unit and / or the external direct cooling source.
  • the cooling capacity of the external direct cooling source can be used to reasonably use the cooling capacity, such as industrial waste cooling.
  • the external direct cooling source includes liquid nitrogen and / or liquefied natural gas.
  • the external direct cooling source exchanges heat with the cold storage unit through the first cold carrier medium or directly flows through the first pipeline of the first transmission device to exchange heat with the cold storage unit.
  • the first cooling medium is an ethylene glycol aqueous solution.
  • a cooling system including a cooling equipment, a second transmission device, a cooling unit, ancillary equipment, and a traction device for loading and transporting the cooling equipment, the cooling equipment passes through the second transmission device Connected to the cooling unit, the second transmission device transfers the second cooling medium to the cooling unit and transmits the used second cooling medium back to the cooling unit.
  • the second cooling medium passes the cooling capacity of the cooling equipment through the The second transmission device is transferred to the cooling unit.
  • the cold storage unit and the traction device of the cold charging equipment can be detachably set, and the traction device can be freely disassembled and assembled with the cold storage unit, which improves the working flexibility and deployment efficiency of the cold charging equipment and the downstream cold demanding unit.
  • the second transmission device includes a third valve, a fourth valve, a second pipeline, and a second circulation pump that provides power to the second transmission device.
  • the third valve, the fourth valve, and the second circulation pump are located in the second tube On the road.
  • the second pipeline of the second transmission device communicates with the cooling unit to form a second circulation circuit, and the second cooling medium is transmitted in the second circulation circuit.
  • the second pipeline of the second transmission device and the first pipeline of the first transmission device of the cooling equipment are the same common pipeline.
  • the second cooling medium of the second circulation circuit and the first cooling medium of the first circulation circuit are the same circulation medium.
  • the third valve and the fourth valve of the second transmission device and the first valve and the second valve of the cooling equipment are common valves.
  • the towing device is a road tractor or towing boat.
  • the cold storage unit of the cold storage equipment can store a large amount of cold under the same storage space; the cold storage unit and the cold supply unit are independently provided, and the cold storage unit can be transported separately, which improves the cold storage equipment Work flexibility and deployment efficiency; the traction device can be freely disassembled and assembled with the cold storage unit, overcoming the limitations of the use scope and application scenarios of the previous mobile cooling device; the use of external cold source direct cooling can effectively use industrial waste cold.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a cooling system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a charging and cooling device according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the charging and cooling device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the cooling system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the cooling system according to the present invention.
  • the cooling system 100 includes a cooling equipment 10, a second transmission device 5, a cooling unit 6, a traction device 7 for loading and transporting the cooling equipment, and ancillary equipment.
  • the cooling equipment 10 communicates with the cooling unit 6 through the second transmission device 5 to form a second circulation circuit.
  • the second circulation circuit is a cooling circulation circuit.
  • the cooling circulation circuit will charge the cooling equipment 10 The amount of cold is transferred to the cooling unit 6.
  • the cold charging device 10 according to the present invention includes a cold storage unit 1 and a cold supply unit 3 that delivers cold capacity for the cold storage unit 1, and the cold storage unit 1 stores the cold capacity from the cold supply unit 3 for use by the demand cooling unit 6.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The detailed structure of the cooling device 10 of the present invention is described in FIGS. 2 and 3 below.
  • the second transmission device 5 in the cooling release circuit includes a third valve 51, a fourth valve 52, a second pipeline 54 and a second circulation pump 53 that provides power to the second transmission device 5.
  • the third valve 51 is used for releasing the cold
  • the outlet valve 51 and the fourth valve 52 are cooling-release inlet valves 52.
  • the cold storage unit 1 is connected to the cold release outlet valve 51 and the cold release inlet valve 52 respectively.
  • the cold storage unit 1 cools itself through the second circulation pump 53 After transferring to the second cooling medium such as ethylene glycol aqueous solution through the cooling outlet valve, the cooling capacity is transferred to the downstream cooling unit 6, the ethylene glycol aqueous solution after releasing the cooling capacity flows through the cooling outlet valve 51, and then returns to the storage Cold unit 1.
  • the second cooling medium such as ethylene glycol aqueous solution
  • the cooling capacity is transferred to the downstream cooling unit 6
  • the ethylene glycol aqueous solution after releasing the cooling capacity flows through the cooling outlet valve 51, and then returns to the storage Cold unit 1.
  • the traction device 7 can be freely disassembled and assembled with the cold storage unit 1. When the cold storage unit 1 needs to move a position, the traction device 7 is connected to the cold storage unit 1 to haul the cold storage unit 1 to a desired location.
  • the traction device 7 is a road tractor 7
  • the cooling unit 6 is two or more containers 61 that require cooling
  • the road storage unit 1 completes cooling and storage of the cold storage unit 1 to require cooling.
  • Unit 6 after the cooling equipment releases cooling to the cooling unit 6, the road tractor 7 transports the cooling equipment 10 to the next designated location by rail to provide cooling capacity to another cooling unit.
  • the auxiliary facilities of the cooling system monitor the status of the cooling system 100, and mainly include a liquid level gauge, a temperature and pressure sensor, a flow meter, and related control devices.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the cooling equipment 10 of the present invention.
  • the cooling equipment 10 includes a cold storage unit 1, a first transmission device 2, and a cold supply unit 3.
  • the cooling unit 3 is a refrigeration unit.
  • the refrigeration unit 3 communicates with the cold storage unit 1 through the first transmission device 2 to form a first circulation circuit.
  • the first circulation circuit is a charging and cooling circulation circuit, and the charging and cooling circulation circuit passes through the first load
  • the cold medium supplies the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit 3 to the cold storage unit 1.
  • the cold storage unit 1 includes a housing 12 that contains an energy storage material Y.
  • the present invention abandons the concept of using a cooling medium similar to the cooling medium of the refrigeration unit to store energy and directly transfer energy through the flow of the cooling medium.
  • the idea of using the energy storage material Y other than the flowing cooling medium for energy storage is proposed, and the idea of storing the cold energy through the energy storage material Y makes it possible to store a large amount of cold energy.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further proposes to provide a heat exchanger 11 in the housing 12, the heat exchanger 11 ensures that the energy storage material Y and the cooling medium Between the cooling capacity.
  • the energy storage material Y is composed of a phase change material.
  • a phase change material with a cooling temperature range of -200 to 30 ° C is used.
  • the corresponding temperature can be used.
  • the range of composite phase change materials such as the temperature range of -170 °C to -140 °C is mainly for liquefied air, liquefied natural gas and other cryogenic storage applications; -60 °C to 0 °C is mainly for refrigeration, freezing and mobile cooling vehicles;
  • the temperature range of 4 °C to 26 °C is mainly the application scenarios of preservation, cold chain transportation of vaccines and drugs.
  • the composite phase change material penetrates the heat exchanger 11 inside, or the composite phase change material surrounds the heat exchanger 11.
  • the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit carried by the first cooling medium is transferred to the composite phase change material via the heat exchanger 11.
  • the volume of the housing 12 and the volume of the composite phase change material are determined by the cooling capacity of the cooling equipment 10, and the cold storage unit 1 can flexibly design the size of the housing 12 and the volume of the energy storage material Y according to the cooling requirements in different occasions.
  • the housing 12 of the cold storage unit 1 defines the accommodation space of the composite phase change material.
  • the high energy density composite phase change material can realize large-scale storage of cold capacity, and the composite phase change material uses its latent heat and phase change process to maintain a constant temperature. Advantages, overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional sensible heat storage method of large volume and heavy weight, can provide a constant temperature of cooling capacity for a longer period of time.
  • the energy storage material Y in the cold storage unit 1 can also use other high-density organic phase-change materials, inorganic phase-change materials, and other energy-releasing materials with a cooling temperature range of -200 to 30 ° C.
  • Thermochemical energy storage materials in specific application scenarios, can be used in the corresponding temperature range of composite phase change materials, such as the temperature range of -170 °C to -140 °C is mainly liquefied air, liquefied natural gas and other cryogenic storage applications; -60 °C to 0 °C is mainly applicable to cold storage, freezing and mobile charging and cooling vehicles; the temperature range of 4 °C to 26 °C is mainly used for preservation, cold chain transportation of vaccines and other application scenarios.
  • composite phase change materials such as the temperature range of -170 °C to -140 °C is mainly liquefied air, liquefied natural gas and other cryogenic storage applications; -60 °C to 0 °C is mainly applicable to cold storage, freezing and mobile charging and cooling vehicles; the temperature range of 4 °C to 26 °C is mainly used for preservation, cold chain transportation of vaccines and other application scenarios.
  • High energy density organic phase change materials include paraffins, organic acids, etc .
  • thermochemical energy storage materials include purification reaction energy storage materials (such as synthesis / decomposition reversible reactions, etc.) and chemical adsorption / absorption reaction energy storage materials (such as Reaction, hydration reaction, etc.) etc.
  • the heat exchanger 11 in the cold storage unit 1 is connected to the first transmission device 2 to form a cooling cycle.
  • the heat exchanger 11 includes a heat exchange pipe, and the first cooling medium can circulate in the heat exchange pipe.
  • the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger 11 in this embodiment is a copper coil tube.
  • the heat exchanger 11 may be composed of only copper coil tubes, or may be composed of copper coil tubes and fins.
  • the pipeline material is made of steel, copper, aluminum, Titanium, Cr, Ni, their alloys, and / or non-metals such as various types of polymer materials, the shape of which can be round, oval, square, rectangular, spiral, triangular, or a combination of the above shapes
  • the copper coil tube 11 can also be equipped with various types of fins.
  • the fins can be parallel tube rows, U-shaped tube groups, spiral tube groups, or a combination of the above fins.
  • the first cooling medium of the refrigeration unit 3 carries the cooling capacity to the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger 11 through the first transmission device 2, the energy storage material Y undergoes a phase change, and a large amount of cooling capacity is stored.
  • the temperature of the cold medium rises, it returns to the refrigeration unit 3 through the cooling cycle, and is re-cooled and then reused, and the cycle is repeated until the energy storage material Y reaches the preset cooling capacity.
  • the first transmission device 2 constituting the charging and cooling circulation circuit includes a first valve 21, a second valve 22, a first pipeline 24, and a first circulation pump 23 that provides power to the first transmission device 2.
  • the first valve 21 is for charging and cooling
  • the inlet valve 21 and the second valve 22 are the cold charge outlet valve 22.
  • the refrigeration unit 3 is connected to the first circulation pump 23 and the cold charge outlet valve 22 respectively;
  • the first circulation pump 23 is connected to the cold charge inlet valve 21;
  • the heat exchanger in the cold storage unit 1 11 is connected to the cold charging inlet valve 21 and the cold charging outlet valve 22 respectively, thereby forming a cold charging circulation circuit.
  • the cold storage unit 1 transfers its own cooling capacity to the first cooling medium.
  • the first cooling medium uses industrial refrigerant such as ethylene glycol aqueous solution.
  • the cold energy is transferred to the energy storage material Y in the cold storage unit 1 for storage, and the used ethylene glycol aqueous solution flows through the cold charge outlet valve 22 and returns to the refrigeration unit 3 again.
  • the cooling unit and the cold storage unit 1 are set separately or inside the cold storage unit 1, when the cooling unit and the cold storage unit are set separately in space, when the cooling unit and the cold storage unit 1 are set separately,
  • the cold storage unit 1 can be transported separately, which improves the working flexibility and deployment efficiency of the cooling equipment, and overcomes the limitations of the use range and application scenarios of the previous cooling equipment.
  • the refrigeration unit 3 adopts a mechanical refrigerator that is statically placed on the ground, and can be powered by an external power supply, an on-board generator, a battery pack, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the cooling equipment 10 of the present invention.
  • the main difference between the second embodiment of the cooling equipment and the first embodiment is that in this embodiment, an external direct cooling source 4 is used as the cooling unit.
  • the external direct cooling source 4 includes external direct cooling sources such as liquid nitrogen and liquefied natural gas.
  • the external direct cooling source 4 can exchange heat with the cold storage unit 1 through the second cold carrier glycol aqueous solution, or directly through the second transmission device 5 Heat exchange with the cold storage unit 1.
  • the second embodiment of the cold charging device 10 uses the residual liquid air plant's residual cooling to charge the cold storage unit 1.
  • the heat exchanger 11 in the energy storage unit 1 is a graphite modified polypropylene tube, which can effectively prevent corrosion such as inorganic salts Moreover, the graphite modified polypropylene tube has high strength and good heat transfer performance, which can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger 11.
  • industrial waste cooling is used as the external direct cooling source 4 to avoid the waste of energy.
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling unit may come from the refrigeration unit 3, and the refrigeration unit 3 may be a mechanical refrigeration unit 3 or other refrigeration units, or may come from the external direct cooling source 4.
  • the refrigeration unit 3 or the external direct cooling source 4 can be arranged inside the cold storage unit 1, can be arranged on the tractor or ship, can also be arranged on the ground or other facilities; the ground facilities can be arranged along the railway or highway, can be in the navigable river.
  • the shores of islands, lakes and bays can also be in the waters of navigable rivers, islands, lakes and bays.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the cooling system.
  • the main difference between the second embodiment of the cooling system and the first embodiment is that the cooling release circuit and the charging cycle of the second embodiment share the cold storage unit 1 ,
  • the first cooling medium of the charging and cooling circuit and the second cooling medium of the cooling circulation circuit can share the same cooling medium, so the second pipeline of the second transmission device 5 and the first of the first transmission device 2
  • the same pipeline can be shared, and the cooling inlet valve 21 and the cooling outlet valve 22 in the cooling circuit can share a set of valve interfaces with the cooling inlet valve 52 and the cooling outlet valve 51 in the cooling circuit. Sharing pipes and valves can effectively reduce the volume of the cooling system.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a cooling system.
  • the main difference between the third embodiment of the cooling system and the second embodiment is that the traction device 7 of the third embodiment is a towing vessel.
  • the main difference between the fourth embodiment of the cooling system of the present invention and the first embodiment is that the traction device of the fourth embodiment is a traction vessel, and other parts are the same.
  • the cold storage unit 1 mainly contains high energy density phase change energy storage materials or thermochemical energy storage materials with a cooling temperature range of -200 to 30 ° C, which can realize large-scale storage of cold capacity; the cold storage unit 1 and cooling The independent setting of the unit, the cold storage unit 1 can be transported separately, which improves the working flexibility and deployment efficiency of the cold charging equipment; the traction device 7 can be freely disassembled and assembled with the cold storage unit 1, which overcomes the scope of the past mobile cooling equipment And the limitations of application scenarios; the use of external cold sources for direct cooling can effectively use industrial waste cooling.

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Abstract

一种充冷设备，包括储冷单元（1）、第一传输装置（2）和供冷单元（3，4），供冷单元（3,4）为储冷单元（1）提供冷量，储冷单元（1）通过第一传输装置（2）与供冷单元（3,4）连通，第一传输装置（2）将第一载冷介质传递到储冷单元（1）并将换热后的第一载冷介质传输回供冷单元（3,4），储冷单元（1）包括储能材料（Y），第一载冷介质将供冷单元（3,4）的冷量通过第一传输装置（2）传递给储冷单元（1）内的储能材料（Y）。储冷单元（1）采用高能量密度的相变储能材料或热化学储能材料，从而实现了冷量的大规模储存。

Description

充冷设备及包括该设备的供冷系统 技术领域
本发明涉及冷链运输系统，具体而言，涉及一种充冷设备及包括该设备的供冷系统。
背景技术
冷能在餐饮，医药，能源，数据和工业等领域发挥着不可或缺的作用。随着人口的增长，人们对生活品质及生态环境改善要求的提升，冷能尤其是清洁冷能的作用日益重要。冷链集装箱是一种保温运输设备，用来运输温度敏感的货物。需要通过保温装置使得箱内产品在运输过程中保持在一定的温度范围内，不受周围环境温度、湿度的变化而保证货物品质。
为了使保温运输设备内温度维持在预定的恒定的范围内，需要用充冷设备对保温设备内部进行制冷。现有的充冷设备储冷单元的冷量储存能力有限，通常不能满足冷藏车、冷藏船的冷量需求。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种充冷设备，该充冷设备储冷单元在同样的储存空间下能够储存较大的冷量。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种充冷设备，包括储冷单元、第一传输装置、供冷单元，供冷单元为储冷单元提供冷量，储冷单元通过第一传输装置与供冷单元连通，第一传输装置将第一载冷介质传递到储冷单元并将使用后的第一载冷介质传输回供冷单元，储冷单元包括储能材料，第一载冷介质将供冷单元的冷量通过第一传输装置传递给储冷单元内的储能材料，储能材料存储第一载冷介质携带的冷量。
进一步的，储冷单元还包括换热器，储能材料通过换热器与供冷单元交换冷量。
进一步的，储能材料为低温相变材料和/或热化学储能材料。
进一步的，低温相变材料为释冷温度范围在-200至30℃之间的有机类相变材料、无机类相变材料、复合相变材料中的一种或多种。在同样的储存空间下相变材料能够储存较大的冷量。
进一步的，低温相变材料的释冷温度范围为-170℃至-140℃或-60℃至0℃或4℃至26℃。
进一步的，有机类相变材料为石蜡类、有机酸类中的一种或多种。
进一步的，储冷单元包括壳体，壳体容纳储能材料，壳体的体积和储能材料的体积由充冷设备的冷容量确定，储冷单元根据不同场合下的供冷需求可以灵活设计壳体的尺寸及储能材料的体积。
进一步的，换热器包括换热管道，换热管道与第一传输装置连通形成第一循环回路，第一载冷介质在第一循环回路中传输。
进一步的，换热器包括换热管道及翅片，翅片加快换热器与储能材料的热交换。
进一步的，换热管道的截面形状为圆形、椭圆形、方形、长方形、螺旋形、三角形中的一种或多种。
进一步的，换热管道的材料为石墨改性聚丙烯。
进一步的，第一传输装置包括第一阀门、第二阀门、第一管路及为第一传输装置提供动力的第一循环泵，第一阀门、第二阀门及第一循环泵位于第一管路上。
进一步的，供冷单元与储冷单元独立分离设置，储冷单元可单独运输，提高了充冷设备的工作灵活性和调配效率。
进一步的，供冷单元的冷量来自制冷机组和/或外界直接冷源，采用外界直接冷源的冷量，可以合理的利用冷量如工业废冷等。
进一步的，外界直接冷源包括液氮和/或液化天然气。
进一步的，外界直接冷源通过第一载冷介质与储冷单元换热或直接流经第一传输装置的第一管路与储冷单元换热。
进一步的，第一载冷介质为乙二醇水溶液。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种供冷系统，包括充冷设备、第二传输装置、需冷单元、附属设备及装载运输充冷设备的牵引装置，充冷设备通过第二传输装置与需冷单元连通，第二传输装置将第二载冷介质传递到需冷单元并将使用后的第二载冷介质传输回供冷单元，第二载冷介质将充冷设备冷量通过第二传输装置传递给需冷单元。
进一步的，充冷设备的储冷单元与牵引装置可拆卸设置，牵引装置可与储冷单元自由拆卸和组装，提高充冷设备和下游需冷单元的工作灵活性和调配效率。
进一步的，第二传输装置包括第三阀门、第四阀门、第二管路及为第二传输装置提供动力的第二循环泵，第三阀门、第四阀门及第二循环泵位于第二管路上。
进一步的，第二传输装置的第二管路与需冷单元连通形成第二循环回路，第二载冷介质在第二循环回路中传输。
进一步的，第二传输装置的第二管路与充冷设备的第一传输装置的第一管路为共用的同一管路。
进一步的，第二循环回路的第二载冷介质与第一循环回路的第一载冷介质为共用的同一循环介质。
进一步的，第二传输装置的第三阀门、第四阀门与充冷设备的第一阀门、第二阀门为共用的阀门。
进一步的，牵引装置为公路牵引车或牵引船。
应用本发明的技术方案，充冷设备储冷单元在同样的储存空间下能够储存较大的冷量；储冷单元与供冷单元的独立设置，储冷单元可单独运输，提高了充冷设备的工作灵活性和调配效率；牵引装置可与储冷单元自由拆卸和组装，克服了以往移动供冷装置的使用范围和应用场景的局限性；采用外部冷源直接供冷能够有效地利用工业废冷。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的供冷系统的第一实施例示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明的充冷设备的第一实施例的示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明的充冷设备的第二实施例的示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明的供冷系统的第二实施例示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明的供冷系统的第三实施例示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1：储冷单元，11：换热器，12：壳体；
2：第一传输装置，21：第一阀门，22：第二阀门，23：第一循环泵，24：第一管路；
3：制冷机组；
4：外界直接冷源；
5：第二传输装置，51：第三阀门，52：第四阀门，53：第二循环泵，54：第二管路；
6：需冷单元，61：需冷集装箱；
7：牵引装置；
10：充冷设备；
100：供冷系统
Y：储能材料
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，这些实施例不能理解为限制本发明所要求保护的范围。
图1是供冷系统的第一实施例示意图，供冷系统100包括充冷设备10、第二传输装置5、需冷单元6、装载运输充冷设备的牵引装置7及附属设备。当需冷单元6需要冷量时，充冷设备10通过第二传输装置5与需冷单元6连通构成第二循环回路，第二循环回路为释冷循环回路，释冷循环回路将充冷设备10冷量传递到需冷单元6。根据本发明的充冷设备10包括储冷单元1和为储冷单元1输送冷量的供冷单元3，储冷单元1储存来自供冷单元3的冷量以供需冷单元6使用。本发明的充冷设备10的详细构造见下文图2、3描述。
释冷循环回路中的第二传输装置5包括第三阀门51、第四阀门52、第二管路54及为第二传输装置5提供动力的第二循环泵53，第三阀门51为释冷出口阀门51、第四阀门52为释冷进口阀门52。当储冷单元1需要释冷时，储冷单元1与释冷出口阀门51和释冷入口阀门52分别相连，释冷循环回路工作时，储冷单元1通过第二循环泵53将自身冷量传递给第二载冷介质例如乙二醇水溶液通过释冷出口阀门后将冷量传递到下游需冷单元6，释放冷量后的乙二醇水溶液流经释冷出口阀门51后重新回到储冷单元1。
牵引装置7可与储冷单元1自由拆卸和组装，当储冷单元1需要移动位置时，牵引装置7与储冷单元1相连，将储冷单元1牵引至要求地点。供冷系统100的第一实施例中牵引装置7为公路牵引车7，需冷单元6为两个或两个以上需冷集装箱61，公路牵引车牵引充冷完成的储冷单元1到需冷单元6，充冷设备对需冷单元6释冷完成后，公路牵引车7将充冷设备10通过铁路运输到下一个指定地点，给另外的需冷单元提供冷量。
供冷系统的附属设施监测供冷系统100的状态，主要包含液位计、温度及压力传感器、流量计及相关控制装置等。
图2是本发明充冷设备10的第一实施例的示意图，充冷设备10包括储冷单元1、第一传输装置2、供冷单元3。本实施例中，供冷单元3为制冷机组。在储冷单元1需要充冷的情况下，制冷机组3通过第一传输装置2连通储冷单元1组成第一循环回路，第一循环回路为充冷循环回路，充冷循环回路通过第一载冷介质将制冷机组3的冷量提供给储冷单元1。
储冷单元1包括壳体12，壳体12容纳储能材料Y，本发明摒弃了利用与制冷机组载冷介质类似的载冷介质本身既存储能量并直接通过载冷介质的流动传递能量的构思，提出了利用流动的载冷介质以外的储能材料Y来进行蓄能的构思，通过储能材料Y来存储冷量的构思使得大容量存储冷量成为可能。
为了同时实现大容量存储冷量并提高冷量利用效率，本发明的实施例中进一步提出了在壳体12中设置换热器11，换热器11确保在储能材料Y和载冷介质之间的冷量传递。
储能材料Y由相变材料构成，在本实施例中，采用释冷温度范围在-200至30℃之间的高能量密度的复合相变材料，在特定的应用场景下，可采用相应温度范围的复合相变材料，如温度范围在-170℃至-140℃主要是液化空气，液化天然气等深冷存储应用；-60℃至0℃主要是冷藏、冷冻及移动充冷车适用范围；温度范围在4℃至26℃主要是保鲜、疫苗药品冷链运输等的应用场景。复合相变材料内部贯穿换热器11，或者说复合相变材料包围换热器11。第一载冷介质携带的制冷机组的冷量经由换热器11传递给复合相变材料。壳体12的体积和复合相变材料的体积由充冷设备10的冷容量确定，储冷单元1根据不同场合下的供冷需求可以灵活设计壳体12的尺寸及储能材料Y的体积。储冷单元1的壳体12限定了复合相变材料的容纳空间，高能量密度的复合相变材料可实现冷量的大规模储存，且复合相变材料利用其潜热及相变过程保持恒温的优点，克服了常规显热储存方式体积大、重量重的缺点，能够持续较长时间提供恒定温度的冷量。
储冷单元1内的储能材料Y除了复合相变材料外，还可采用其它释冷温度范围在-200至30℃之间的高能量密度的有机类相变材料、无机类相变材料、热化学储能材料，在特定的应用场景下，可采用相应温度范围的复合相变材料，如温度范围在-170℃至-140℃主要是液化空气，液化天然气等深冷存储应用；-60℃至0℃主要是冷藏、冷冻及移动充冷车适用范围；温度范围在4℃至26℃主要是保鲜、疫苗药品冷链运输等的应用场景。高能量密度有机类相变材料包括石蜡类，有机酸类等；热化学储能材料包括纯化学反应储能材料(如合成/分解可逆反应等)和化学吸附/吸收反应储能材料(如配位反应、水化反应等)等。
储冷单元1中的换热器11与第一传输装置2相连形成充冷循环回路。换热器11包括换热管道，第一载冷介质可以在换热管道中循环。本实施例中的换热器11的换热管道为铜盘管，换热器11可只由铜盘管构成，也可由铜盘管及翅片构成，管路材料由钢、铜、铝、钛、Cr、Ni、它们的合金，和/或非金属如各类聚合物材料构成，其形状可以是圆的、椭圆、方的、长方的、螺旋的、三角的，或以上形状的组合；铜盘管11还可以带有各类翅片，翅片可以是平行管排、U型管组、螺旋管组，或是以上翅片的组合。
制冷机组3的第一载冷介质经第一传输装置2将冷量携带至换热器11的换热管道中，储能材料Y发生相变，存储了大量冷量，使用后的第一载冷介质温度升高，通过充冷循环回路重新回到制冷机组3，再次制冷后重新使用，如此反复循环直到储能材料Y达到预设冷量。
构成充冷循环回路的第一传输装置2包括第一阀门21、第二阀门22、第一管路24及为第一传输装置2提供动力的第一循环泵23，第一阀门21为充冷进口阀门21，第二阀门22为充冷出口阀门22。当储冷单元1需要充冷时，制冷机组3与第一循环泵23和充冷出口阀门22分别相连；第一循环泵23与充冷进口阀门21相连；储冷单元1中的换热器11与充冷进口阀门21和充冷出口阀门22分别相连，从而形成充冷循环回路。充冷循环回路工作时，储冷单元1将自身冷量传递给第一载冷介质，第一载冷介质采用工业载冷剂如乙二醇水溶液，乙二醇水溶液通过充冷入口阀门后21将冷量传递给储冷单元1中的储能材料Y进行存储，使用后的乙二醇水溶液流经充冷出口阀门22后重新回到制冷机组3。
供冷单元与储冷单元1独立分离设置或设置在储冷单元1内部，独立分离设置为供冷单元与储冷单元在空间上分别设置，供冷单元与储冷单元1独立分离设置时，储冷单元1可单独运输，提高了充冷设备的工作灵活性和调配效率，克服了以往充冷设备的使用范围和应用场景的局限性。
制冷机组3采取静置于地面上的机械式制冷机，可以通过外接电源、车载发电机、电池组等提供动力。
图3是本发明充冷设备10的第二实施例的示意图，充冷设备的第二实施例与第一实施例的主要区别在于，本实施例中采用外界直接冷源4作为供冷单元，外界直接冷源4包含液氮、液化天然气等外界直接冷源，外界直接冷源4可以通过第二载冷介质乙二醇水溶液与储冷单元1换热，也可以直接通过第二传输装置5与储冷单元1换热。
充冷设备10的第二实施例利用岸边液态空气工厂余冷给储冷单元1充冷，储能单元1内的换热器11为石墨改性聚丙烯管，可以有效防止无机盐等腐蚀且石墨改性聚丙烯管强度高、传热性能较好，可有效提升换热器11的热导率。本实施例中采用工业废冷作为外界直接冷源4很好的避免了能源的浪费。
结合图2-3，供冷单元的冷量可以来自制冷机组3，制冷机组3可以是机械制冷机组3或其它制冷机组，也可以来自于外界直接冷源4。制冷机组3或外界直接冷源4可以布置在储冷单元1内部，可以布置在牵引车或船上，也可以布置在地面或其它设施上；地面设施可以布置在铁路或公路沿线，可以在通航河流，岛屿，湖泊和海湾的岸边，也可以在通航河流，岛屿，湖泊和海湾的水域。
图4是供冷系统的第二实施例示意图，供冷系统的第二实施例与第一实施例的主要区别在于，第二实施例的释冷循环回路与充冷循环回路共用储冷单元1，充冷循环回路的第一载冷介质和释冷循环回路的第二载冷介质可以共用同一种载冷介质，因此第二传输装置5的第二管路与第一传输装置2的第一管路可共用的同一管路、充冷循环回路中充冷入口阀门21和充冷出口阀门22与释冷循环回路中释冷入口阀门52和释冷出口阀门51可以共用一套阀门接口。共用管路和阀门可以有效减少供冷系统的体积。
图5是供冷系统的第三实施例示意图，供冷系统的第三实施例与第二实施例的主要区别在于，第三实施例的牵引装置7为牵引船。
本发明供冷系统的第四实施例与第一实施例的主要区别在于，第四实施例的牵引装置为牵引船，其它部分相同。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：。
储冷单元1内部主要包含释冷温度范围在-200至30℃的高能量密度的相变储能材料或热化学储能材料，可实现冷量的大规模储存；储冷单元1与供冷单元的独立设置，储冷单元1可单独运输，提高了充冷设备的工作灵活性和调配效率；牵引装置7可与储冷单元1自由拆 卸和组装，克服了以往移动供冷装置的使用范围和应用场景的局限性；采用外部冷源直接供冷能够有效地利用工业废冷。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (25)

  1. 充冷设备，包括储冷单元(1)、第一传输装置(2)、供冷单元(3，4)，所述供冷单元(3，4)为所述储冷单元(1)提供冷量，所述储冷单元(1)通过所述第一传输装置(2)与所述供冷单元(3，4)连通，所述第一传输装置(2)将第一载冷介质传递到所述储冷单元(1)并将使用后的所述第一载冷介质传输回所述供冷单元(3，4)，其特征在于，所述储冷单元(1)包括储能材料(Y)，所述第一载冷介质将所述供冷单元(3，4)的冷量通过所述第一传输装置(2)传递给所述储冷单元(1)内的储能材料(Y)，所述储能材料(Y)存储第一载冷介质携带的冷量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述储冷单元(1)还包括换热器(11)，所述换热器(11)穿过所述储能材料(Y)，所述储能材料(Y)通过所述换热器(11)与所述供冷单元(3，4)交换冷量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述储能材料(Y)为低温相变材料和/或热化学储能材料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述低温相变材料为释冷温度范围在-200℃至30℃之间的有机类相变材料、无机类相变材料、复合相变材料中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述低温相变材料的释冷温度范围为-170℃至-140℃或-60℃至0℃或4℃至26℃。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述有机类相变材料为石蜡类、有机酸类中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述储冷单元(1)包括壳体(12)，所述壳体(12)容纳所述储能材料(Y)，所述壳体(12)的体积和所述储能材料(Y)的体积由所述充冷设备的冷容量确定。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述换热器(11)与所述第一传输装置(2)连通形成第一循环回路，所述第一载冷介质在所述第一循环回路中传输。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述换热器(11)包括换热管道及翅片。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述换热管道的截面形状为圆形、椭圆形、方形、长方形、螺旋形、三角形中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述换热管道的材料为石墨改性聚丙烯。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述第一传输装置(2)包括第一阀门(21)、第二阀门(22)、第一管路(24)及为所述第一传输装置(2)提供动力的第一循环泵(23)，所述第一阀门(21)、所述第二阀门(22)及所述第一循环泵(23)位于所述第一管路上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述供冷单元(3，4)与所述储冷单元(1)独立分离设置。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述供冷单元(3，4)是制冷机组(3)和/或外界直接冷源(4)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述外界直接冷源(4)包括液氮和/或液化天然气。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述外界直接冷源(4)通过所述第一载冷介质与所述储冷单元(1)换热或直接流经所述第一传输装置(2)的所述第一管路(24)与所述储冷单元(1)换热。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的充冷设备，其特征在于，所述第一载冷介质为乙二醇水溶液。
  18. 一种供冷系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-17中任意一项所述的充冷设备、第二传输装置(5)、需冷单元(6)及装载运输所述充冷设备的牵引装置(7)，所述充冷设备(10)通过所述第二传输装置(5)与所述需冷单元(6)连通，所述第二传输装置(5)将第二载冷介质传递到所述需冷单元(6)并将使用后的所述第二载冷介质传输回所述供冷单元(3，4)，所述第二载冷介质将所述充冷设备(10)冷量通过所述第二传输装置(5)传递给所述需冷单元(6)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述充冷设备(10)的所述储冷单元(1)与所述牵引装置(7)可拆卸设置。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述第二传输装置(5)包括第三阀门(51)、第四阀门(52)、第二管路(54)及为所述第二传输装置(5)提供动力的第二循环泵(53)，所述第三阀门(51)、所述第四阀门(52)及所述第二循环泵(53)位于所述第二管路(54)上。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述第二传输装置(5)的第二管路(54)与所述需冷单元(6)连通形成第二循环回路，所述第二载冷介质在所述第二循环回路中传输。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述第二传输装置(5)的所述第二管路(54)与所述充冷设备(10)的所述第一传输装置(2)的第一管路(24)为共用的同一管路。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述第二循环回路的所述第二载冷介质与第一循环回路的所述第一载冷介质为共用的同一循环介质。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述第二传输装置(5)的所述第三阀门(51)、第四阀门(52)与所述充冷设备的第一阀门(21)、第二阀门(22)为共用的阀门。
  25. 根据权利要求18所述的供冷系统，其特征在于，所述牵引装置(7)为公路牵引车或牵引船。
PCT/CN2019/093127 2018-10-11 2019-06-26 充冷设备及包括该设备的供冷系统 WO2020073690A1 (zh)

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