Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of culturing edible fungi, relate in particular to a kind of ganoderma lucidum cultivation method that has used new cultivate material.
[background technology]
Glossy ganoderma is the well-known medicinal fungi of China, and ancient books Shennong's Herbal, " The Master of Preserving Simplicity " and Compendium of Material Medica all have in various degree description and record to the classification of glossy ganoderma and effect.Modern medicine study proves, the polysaccharose in the glossy ganoderma, triterpenes, sterols isoreactivity composition have antitumor, as to regulate immunity, adjusting nervous system, the adjusting circulatory system etc. function to human body.Therefore domestic the world of medicine is very interested in the research of glossy ganoderma, and all kinds of health products processed goods that contain effective component of glossy ganoderma are also successfully developed, and the enterprise that is engaged in Garnoderma product also arises at the historic moment, and those ganoderma lucidum products of succeeding in developing are constantly released market.In the middle of whole ganoderma lucidum product industry, a most primary ring is the cultivation of glossy ganoderma, and the quality of cultivating ganoderma directly influences the quality of its downstream converted products.Learn that according to State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China's in July, 2009 retrieval the patent relevant with " glossy ganoderma " has 889.But 30 of wherein relevant patent less thaies with the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody cultivation.The tame cultivate material of modern glossy ganoderma is with wood chip, the Duan Muwei master of leaf wood.Report with the napier grass cultivating ganoderma was arranged in 2000: it is suitable that water-soluble polysaccharide in the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody that grass carries and total amino acid content and wood are planted glossy ganoderma, and mineral element content, fatty acid kind number and vitamin B group are all planted glossy ganoderma a little more than wood, and visible grass carries glossy ganoderma also certain application prospect.In addition, can be used as the cotton seed hulls that also has of cultivation of glossy ganoderma material, but be that cultivate material easily causes the too high and carbon oligotrophy of nitrogen element nutrition with the cotton seed hulls.In addition, bagasse, Rhizoma Dioscoreae powder, wheat, vinasse etc. all have record to can be used for cultivating ganoderma in some monograph, but still find no the periodical literature support at home.The main marsupial of cultivation of glossy ganoderma mode plants, bottle is planted and segment wood cultivated etc.
In traditional concept and pertinent literature in the past, because eucalyptus contains fragrant hydrocarbon system material, usually eucalyptus and seeds such as the pine that is not suitable for cultivating ganoderma, China fir, camphor tree are equated, think that it also is unwell to cultivating ganoderma.
Along with the development of making plate, paper-making industry, the timber resources demand increases, and adds that State Council has ratified each provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities year forest harvesting limit the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period in 2005, and traditional broad-leaved timber cost that can cause being used for cultivating ganoderma raises; In addition, the seeds of Song Shan one class, it is wooden to contain the material that aromatic oil, resin etc. are unfavorable for the glossy ganoderma growth, causes the wood resources acquisition approach that can be used in cultivating ganoderma to become narrow and small and nervous.And, make eucalyptus become a kind of cheap raw material along with a large amount of plantations of eucalyptus in recent years.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention aims to provide a kind of glossy ganoderma growth cycle method for cultivating lucid ganoderma fast, with low cost.
Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma of the present invention contains eucalyptus in its cultivate material.Wherein, the bark or tree bar or the bark tree bar mixture that more preferably contain eucalyptus.And more preferably cultivate material is the eucalyptus wood chip of quality percentage composition 73-83%, the wheat bran of quality percentage composition 15-25%, the CaCO3 of quality percentage composition 2%.Most preferred cultivate material is the eucalyptus wood chip of quality percentage composition 73-83%, the wheat bran of quality percentage composition 15-25%, the CaCO of quality percentage composition 2%
3
The preferred method for cultivating lucid ganoderma of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) gets the raw materials ready: eucalyptus is air-dry and be ground into wood chip;
2) be equipped with water: the water of preparing 1.3 times of cultivate material quality;
3) batching: earlier with wood chip and CaCO
3Mix, add the water of 3/4 quality in the water gross mass that goes up the step preparation then, mix, sneak into wheat bran and remaining water again, promptly get cultivate material;
4) cultivate material is packed into plastics strain bag is made cultivation bag, and through the HTHP moist heat sterilization, lucidum strain is inserted in the cooling back.
5) cultivation went out sesame after 30 days;
6) went out in 50-60 days after the sesame management ripe ganoderma lucidum fruitbody.
Wherein, selectivity is preferably:
In the step 1) with eucalyptus air-dry be the 40-50% of eucalyptus dry weight to its water content; Be crushed to the wood chip diameter less than 4mm.
Cultivation bag described in the step 4) is the polypropylene strain bag of 15cm * 30cm or 17cm * 33cm; Every sacked material dry weight is 400g or 500g.
Cultivation described in the step 5) is that the lucifuge blow-by is cultivated under 24-26 ℃ of temperature, 55-65% humidity.
The temperature that goes out the sesame management described in the step 6) is 27-30 ℃, and humidity is 85-90%.
The present invention has selected for use those skilled in the art to think the eucalyptus that is unsuitable for cultivation of glossy ganoderma as cultivate material in method for cultivating lucid ganoderma always, has obtained growth rate ganoderma lucidum fruitbody faster, and wherein contained effective component of glossy ganoderma content is approaching in the fruit body.In addition, because the eucalyptus growth is fast, rotation is short, timber yield is high, so its price is lower than other broadleaf tree, and owing to need not add other compositions such as cotton seed hulls, bagasse, therefore method for cultivating lucid ganoderma cost of the present invention is cheaper comparatively speaking.
Adopt the no earthing bag mode of planting to plant in the preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore can under clean environment, carry out cultivation management, also can save shared soil and space simultaneously.
[embodiment]
Embodiment one uses method for cultivating lucid ganoderma of the present invention to prepare ganoderma lucidum fruitbody
1) get the raw materials ready: with eucalyptus bark tree bar mixture air-dry to its water content be the 40-50% of eucalyptus dry weight, be crushed to the wood chip diameter then less than 4mm; And the eucalyptus bark of preparing 73-83% (quality percentage composition) is set bar mixture wood chip, the wheat bran of 15-25% (quality percentage composition), the CaCO of 2% (quality percentage composition)
3
2) be equipped with water: the water of preparing 1.3 times of cultivate material quality;
3) batching: earlier with wood chip and CaCO
3Mix, add the water of 3/4 quality in the water gross mass that goes up the step preparation then, mix, sneak into wheat bran and remaining water again, promptly get cultivate material;
4) cultivate material is packed in the polypropylene strain bag of 15cm * 30cm or 17cm * 33cm, wherein every sacked material dry weight is 400g or 500g, burrows in Bag Material with small wood then, at the bottom of the hole is deep to bag, put plastic hoop at sack then, cover supporting lid, promptly obtain the cultivation bag that makes.Cultivation bag inserts lucidum strain after cooling through 126 ℃, 1.0kPa atmospheric pressure, HTHP moist heat sterilization 120 minutes.
5) 24-26 ℃ temperature, under the humidity of 55-65%, the lucifuge blow-by was cultivated 30 days;
6) open the cultivation bag lid then, the cultivation bag vertical setting of types is placed (bag with bag between should leave the space) in 27-30 ℃, the environment of relative moisture 85-90%, illumination every day 10 hours, intensity of illumination 300-500lx, and ventilation every day; When glossy ganoderma grows young sesame, should keep spray water smoke 2 times every day to young sesame; Go out sesame management 50-60 days like this, can cultivate ganoderma lucidum fruitbody.This moment, the cross growth of ganoderma lucidum fruitbody cap finished, and cap edge white edge disappears.
Embodiment two comparative experiments examples
Bacterial classification: Han Zhi (edible mushroom research and development center, Guangdong Microbes Inst)
Eucalypt species: the blue gum in fast growing forest zone, Guangdong
Cultivate material:
1 group |
Eucalyptus skin chip 83% (quality percentage composition), wheat bran 15% (quality percentage composition), CaCO
32% (quality percentage composition)
|
2 groups |
Eucalyptus pole stock bits 83% (quality percentage composition), wheat bran 15% (quality percentage composition), CaCO
32% (quality percentage composition)
|
3 groups |
Eucalyptus skin tree bar mixing chip 83% (quality percentage composition), wheat bran 15% (quality percentage composition), CaCO
32% (quality percentage composition)
|
4 groups |
Other hardwood sawdusts 83% (quality percentage composition), wheat bran 15% (quality percentage composition), CaCO
32% (quality percentage composition)
|
With 30 bacterium bags of above-mentioned four groups of cultivate material the method according to this invention cultivation, treat out the sesame management after 50 days, relatively Zai Pei result respectively.
Group number |
??1 |
??2 |
??3 |
??4 |
Fruit body bag counterpoise (g) |
??35.38 |
??38.44 |
??37.92 |
??39.57 |
Fruit body average diameter (cm) |
??10.2 |
??11.2 |
??11.7 |
??8.7 |
Polyoses content (%) |
??0.962. |
??1.013 |
??1.064 |
??0.696 |
Total triterpene contents (%) |
??0.088 |
??0.120 |
??0.152 |
??0.171 |
The fruit body profile |
Fig. 1 |
Fig. 2 |
Fig. 3 |
Fig. 4 |
As above shown in the table, utilize the eucalyptus wood chip to come cultivating ganoderma, every bag of average fruit body fresh weight is a little less than utilizing other leaf wood wood chips to cultivate, but gap only is within the 5g, shows that it is feasible utilizing the eucalyptus wood chip to replace other leaf wood wood chips.In addition, use eucalyptus bark chip cultivating ganoderma separately, what the average fresh weight of its fruit body will be lower than independent use tree pole stock bits mixes with the skin bar, and the average fresh weight of fruit body that uses tree pole stock bits and the mixing of skin bar to be cultivated separately is very approaching.
In addition, by Fig. 1-4 as seen, four groups of ganoderma lucidum fruitbody difference in size and little.The glossy ganoderma that cultivates at " other hardwood sawdusts " as seen, parton entity cap still has white edge, shows this still prematurity of parton entity, occurs and there is white edge on the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody that other three kinds of eucalyptus wood chips are cultivated substantially.This shows identical to go out sesame on the time, the growth rate of the ganoderma lucidum fruitbody of eucalyptus cultivation on sawdust is slightly faster than other leaf wood wood chips.Simultaneously, little with the active ingredient difference of the glossy ganoderma of the glossy ganoderma of eucalyptus bits cultivation and other broad-leaved cultivation on sawdusts, polyoses content even be higher than the glossy ganoderma that other broad-leaved wood chips are cultivated wherein.