CN101614139A

CN101614139A - Multicycle power generation thermodynamic system

Info

Publication number: CN101614139A
Application number: CN 200910090215
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王世英; 王恩岐
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-07-31
Filing date: 2009-07-31
Publication date: 2009-12-30
Also published as: CN101906998A; CN101906998B; WO2011012047A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to multicycle power generation thermodynamic system.First circulation is improved Rankine cycle.It adopts low boiling point working medium to do low-temperature receiver the water vapor of finishing merit is condensed into water, and low boiling point working medium cold source is that this medium is in second circulation expansion cell acting generating cooling.Second circulation comprises steam raising, expand the acting cooling so that drive generator for electricity generation, acting back directly liquefy by compressor become liquid state by gaseous state or reached the gaseous state of compression work minimum value, pressurized second circulating evaporator that enters absorbs the gasification of water recovery latent heat, enters the acting of the second media expansion machine again.After passing to second medium to latent heat, the water vapor of finishing merit in the Rankine cycle vapour condenser is condensed into water.When can not all being converted into merit to the latent heat of the water vapor of finishing merit, second circulation adopt the 3rd medium to carry out the 3rd circulation.Its principle is with second circulation but the 3rd medium lower material that is boiling point.The present invention can improve condensed steam type, the sucking condensing type thermal power generation system is the thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle.

Description

Multicycle power generation thermodynamic system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of two circulation, many circulations condensed steam type and sucking condensing type generating thermodynamic cycle, and the blower fan that directly drags by steam turbine or the circulation system of compressor or water pump, it is by the improved Rankine cycle and second medium circulation, or is made up of improved Rankine cycle and second (medium) circulation and the 3rd (medium) circulation and the above many circulations of the 3rd circulation.

Background technique

What existing thermal power generation accounted for absolute main body is Rankine cycle.In Rankine cycle, vapour condenser generally is a tubular heat exchanger, and its shell side is a water of condensation of finishing the water vapor and the water vapor of merit.After passing to recirculated cooling water to the latent heat of condensation, the water vapor of finishing merit condenses into water, condensed water is delivered to the precision processing of chemical workshop section by condensate pump or is sent into boiler feed and mix with supplementing water, deoxygenation is after feed water pump enters boiler, become high temperature and high pressure steam again and enter steam turbine acting, circulation and so forth.What its tube side was walked is recirculated cooling water, and temperature raise after circulating water had absorbed the latent heat of condensation of water vapor, delivered to double-curve cooling column evaporative cooling cooling again, so recycled.This process is the latent heat of vaporization that the latent heat of condensation of water vapor is changed into circulating water, diffuses in the atmosphere by double-curve cooling column, makes water vapor be condensed into water cycle and uses.

The thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle, middle press group is less than 40%, and supercritical unit is less than 50%.Its basic reason is to utilize the sensible heat of water vapor, and latent heat is to diffuse in the atmosphere by cooling tower.This also is the reason that present all power station all are equipped with double-curve cooling column.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of multicycle power generation thermodynamic system, the latent heat of condensation that it finishes the water vapor that enters vapour condenser of merit to Rankine cycle also uses generating.

For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:

A kind of multicycle power generation thermodynamic system comprises first circulation, and this first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, comprises vapour condenser in first circulation, it is characterized in that:

This system also comprises second circulation, and this second circulation is the secondary electricity generation circulation after low boiling point working medium absorbs Rankine cycle vapour condenser water recovery latent heat;

Described secondary electricity generation circuit elementary cell is evaporation unit, expansion cell, generator unit and presser unit, and presser unit is liquid compression pump unit or gas compression unit or liquid compression pump unit and gas compression unit.

The described first circuit vapour condenser is improved vapour condenser, it is pressurized container, do not re-use recirculated cooling water the water recovery of finishing merit, and be to use lower boiling medium to make water recovery, the shell side import of described vapour condenser connects turbine discharge, the shell side outlet of described vapour condenser connects condensate system, and the tube side of described vapour condenser is serially connected with in second circulation;

The cold source of described low boiling point working medium is low boiling point working medium acting cooling; Low boiling point working medium absorbs the kinetic energy that heat energy is become behind the first circulation vapour condenser water recovery latent heat low boiling point working medium, promotes the motion of the second circulation expansion cell output shaft, drives generating of second generator unit or generating and refrigeration;

The described second circuit working medium is low boiling point working medium, described low boiling point working medium is that boiling point comprises less than 80 ℃ material beyond dewatering and under the first circulation vapour condenser working condition: a kind of or combination in the aqueous solution of the mixture of carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent acetone thereof or N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-or other suitable absorbing agents, nitrogen, air, helium, argon gas, ammonia, other suitable gas, ammonia, the fluorine in eighteenth of the twenty series, alkane, alkene and alkane, the alkene mixture;

Described low boiling point working medium, it can gasify under the first circulation vapour condenser nominal situation, and promptly boiling point is less than 80 ℃, and being lower than 35 ℃ Celsius with gasification temperature is good below the degree; Medium can liquefy under economic pressures; Described economic pressures are compression work products less than expansion work and cycle efficiency.

Medium states of matter in the described circulation is an one of the following: omnidistance gaseous state, and gas, liquid two condition transform mutually, and gas, liquid, solid are ternary to be transformed, and gaseous state was that hot, gaseous state is a saturation state or crossed hot and saturation state transforms.

Further:

Described first circulation comprises that part or all of attached and environmental protection equipment or the steam turbine that steam boiler, steam turbine, generator, improved vapour condenser, condensate pump, Water Treatment, oxygen-eliminating device charging pump, oxygen-eliminating device, boiler feed pump and thermal power generation are all drags blower fan, steam turbine drags compressor or steam turbine drags all part or all of attached and environmental protection equipments of water pump;

Described second circulation be subcritical, stride one of critical power generation cycle and supercritical generating circulation, wherein:

When second the circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second compression pump unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units, also can comprise the second leaking medium collector unit;

When second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, comprise that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, secondary compression pump unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units, also can comprise the second leaking medium collector unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can comprise second leaking medium collection unit, also can establish second heat exchange unit and be placed on diverse location;

When second kind of overcritical circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprise second evaporator unit be improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second from heat exchange unit or second from heat exchange unit and heat exchange unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can comprise the second leaking medium collector unit;

Described four kinds of circulations are basic power generation cycle; Each medium supplementary units that circulates can be designed to fixed or portable, when being designed to movable type, only does outgoing interface in system; The leaking medium collector unit can not established; The quantity of increase and decrease auxiliary unit, the position that changes auxiliary unit promptly becomes basic circuit remodeling.

Described unit refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

Further:

Described second circulation is a generating-refrigeration combined cycle, exports cold when generating electricity, described generating-refrigeration combined cycle can be subcritical, stride one of critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle and supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, wherein:

When described second circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, second circulation comprises: second evaporator unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second liquid medium compression pump unit, the second cooling unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units, also can comprise the second leaking medium collector unit;

When described second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid medium one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, liquid medium secondary compression pump unit, the second cooling unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units also can comprise the second leaking medium collector unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, second leaking medium are collected and are utilized the unit again, and wherein the second cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process;

When second kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second is from heat exchange unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, the collection of second leaking medium and utilize the unit again, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process;

Described four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle are the basic circulations of four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle; Each medium supplementary units that circulates can be designed to fixed or portable, when being designed to movable type, only does outgoing interface in system; The leaking medium collector unit can not established yet.

The quantity of increase and decrease auxiliary unit, the position that changes auxiliary unit promptly becomes basic circuit remodeling.

Accommodation can be done in the position of the adjunct unit in the described unit;

Further:

Connect the 3rd power generation cycle or the 3rd generating-refrigeration combined cycle after described second circulation, the medium boiling point that the described the 3rd boiling point that recycles medium adopts than second circulation is low; Described medium comprises a kind of or combination in eighteenth of the twenty series, alkane, alkene and alkane, the alkene mixture in the aqueous solution, fluorine of inert gas such as the mixture, nitrogen, air, helium of carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent acetone thereof or N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-or other suitable species, ammonia, other suitable gas, ammonia.

Further:

That described three circuit second circulation is taked is subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle or supercritical generating circulation or subcritical, stride one of critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle or supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle; That described the 3rd circulation is taked is subcritical, stride the circulation of critical power generation cycle or supercritical generating and subcritical, stride one of critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle or supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, second circulation and the 3rd cycle arrangement make up;

When described second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second condensing unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, secondary compression pump unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit, described vapour condenser unit is the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units also can be established the second leaking medium collector unit;

When second kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second cooling unit, second also can be established second leaking medium and collect and the second use unit from heat exchange unit, the second medium supplementary units;

When described the 3rd circulation when taking power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation be subcritical, stride one of critical power generation cycle or supercritical generating circulation;

When described the 3rd the circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second compression pump unit, the second liquid medium supplementary units or the second gaseous medium supplementary units or the second liquid medium supplementary units and the second gaseous medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises the 3rd the evaporation unit i.e. second circuit condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, liquid secondary compression pump unit, the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units or the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units or the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units and the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units, also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd circulation is first kind of supercritical generating circulation time, the 3rd circulation comprises the 3rd the evaporation unit i.e. second circuit condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units also can be established the 3rd leaking medium and be collected and utilize the unit;

When described the 3rd circulation is second kind of supercritical generating circulation time, the 3rd circulation comprises that promptly the second circuit condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd also can be established the 3rd leaking medium collector unit from heat exchange unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units to the 3rd evaporation unit;

When described the 3rd circulation be first kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporator unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd liquid storage unit, the 3rd liquid medium compression pump unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units or the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units or the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units and the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd the circulation be second kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporator unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid medium one-level of the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, the 3rd liquid medium secondary compression pump unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units or the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units or the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units and the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units, wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd circulation when being first kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit, wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process;

When described the 3rd circulation is second kind of supercritical generating refrigeration cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: promptly the second circulation condensing unit or second cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd are from heat exchange unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units for the 3rd evaporation unit, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit,

Described four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle are basic circulations of four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle; The position of increase and decrease supplementary equipment or change supplementary equipment promptly becomes basic circuit remodeling; Described unit refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

Further:

Period can be more than or equal to four, wherein: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, since second circulation, is basic power generation cycle and remodeling and one of combination of generating-refrigeration combined cycle and remodeling substantially; Since the 3rd circulation, to increase condensing unit or cooling unit behind the last circuit expansion cell; Described condensing unit or cooling unit i.e. back one circuit evaporation unit; Unit in described each circulation refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory thereof, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

Further:

Described multicycle expansion cell is the combination of a kind of of turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine, nozzle or two kinds or three kinds; Axial flow, centrifugal or the two combination mixed-flow are arranged in the turbine-type, can make impulse (impact type), also can make reactionary style (impact); Blade can bear the impact of single-phase gaseous state or single-phase liquid or two-phase flow liquid state and gaseous state or three-phase gas attitude, liquid state and solid state medium; Can be once to expand, but also repeatedly expand; Can be a decompressor, also many decompressors; The turbo wheel material, can be alloyed steel and aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, can be in the past several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy or titanium alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, or preceding several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, drops to use titanium alloy instead after a certain temperature or use titanium alloy earlier instead and use aluminum alloy again instead again, can spraying on base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance;

Described positive-displacement expansion engine can use piston-cylinder, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, eddy type, screw type, and described decompressor output shaft has two kinds of way of outputs; A kind of is a sending and receiving motor, and second kind is end connection generator, the other end connection compressor.

Further:

Described multicycle gas compression unit can adopt axial flow, centrifugal, piston type, can make single-stage or secondary or multistage compressor, can adopt the compressor more than and; Axial flow and centrifugal two compressors that are divided into, also can make one: preceding several grades for axial flow, back one-level or several grades are centrifugal, make medium approaching saturated after the compression, be compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again, also available turbine or positive displacement compressor directly are compressed into liquid state; Become liquid medium and be elevated to necessary pressure with centrifugal pump or displacement pump pressurization, in overcritical circulation, can be with cooler after every grade of compression, the water cooling of cooler available cycles, air cooling or the cooling of other media or use cryogenic gas cooling after expanding from last circulation vapour condenser.

Further:

Described expansion cell and compressor unit can be made of one, i.e. expansion compressor capable; The kind of described expansion compressor capable and pattern can be axial-flow turbine formula, centrifugal turbine-type, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type etc.

Further: the unit of described thermodynamic cycle, pipeline are taked the measure of heat-insulation and heat-preservation cold insulation, make circulation become adiabatic circulation or approaching adiabatic circulation.

The present invention has following effect:

1 improves the thermal efficiency of condensed steam type and sucking condensing type Rankine cycle generator set and Rankine cycle blower fan, compressor, water pump assembly, because the latent heat of condensation of water vapor is greater than sensible heat, the present invention can improve the thermal efficiency about 100% of Rankine cycle;

2 greatly reduce the consumption of recirculated cooling water;

3 improve unit condenser degree of vacuum, improve generated energy;

4 reduce capital investment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is two circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind and subcritically strides critical power generation cycle that i.e. expansion cell outlet medium be full liquid state, saturation state or little supercooled state;

Fig. 2 is two circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind and subcritically strides critical power generation cycle that i.e. expansion cell outlet medium is a gas-liquid two-phase flow, saturation state;

Fig. 3 is two circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation, and the expansion cell exit gas was hot;

Fig. 4 is two circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind of supercritical generating circulation, and the expansion cell exit gas was hot;

Fig. 5 is two circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Fig. 6 is two circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Fig. 7 is two circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Fig. 8 is two circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Fig. 9 is three circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind and subcritically strides critical power generation cycle, and the 3rd circulation is the 1st kind and subcritically strides critical power generation cycle;

Figure 10 is three circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, second circulation and the 3rd circulate all be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle;

Figure 11 is three circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind of subcritical critical cycle of striding, and the 3rd circulation is the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation;

Figure 12 is three circulating generation flow processs: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind of subcritical critical cycle of striding, and the 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of overcritical circuit three circulating generation flow processs;

Figure 13 is that first circulation of three circulating generation flow processs is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation, and the 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of overcritical circuit three circulating generation flow processs;

Figure 14 is that first circulation of three circulating generation flow processs is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation and the 3rd circulation all are the 2nd kind of overcritical circuit three circulating generation flow processs;

Figure 15 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is first kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle, and the 3rd circulation is second kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle,

Figure 16 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle that the 3rd circulation is three circulation process of the 1st kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Figure 17 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind and subcritically strides critical generating-refrigeration cycle that the 3rd circulation is three circulation process of the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Figure 18 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 1st kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle, and the 3rd circulation is three circulation process of the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle;

Figure 19 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd kind of subcritical generating-refrigeration cycle of striding critical cycle, and the 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of subcritical three circulation process of striding critical power generation cycle;

Figure 20 is three circulating generations and cooling flow: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and second circulation is the 2nd a kind of subcritical power generation cycle of striding critical cycle, and the 3rd circulation is three circulation process of the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration cycle.

Embodiment

Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan or compressor or 13 second compression pump unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser), 10 second expansion cell 11 second generator units, 12 second liquid storage unit, 14 second liquid medium supplementary units, 15 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 16 second leaking medium collector units

Fig. 2: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan or compressor or 15 second secondary compression pump unit, 14 second one-level compression pump unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second generator unit 12 second compression units, 13 second gas-liquid separator unit, 16 second liquid medium supplementary units, 17 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 18 second leaking medium collector units

Fig. 3: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generators or blower fan or compression or water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed pumps, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second environment-development electric units 12 second compression units 13 second heat exchange units 14 second intercooler unit 15 second medium supplementary units 16 second leaking medium collector units.

Fig. 4: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generators or blower fan or compression or water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed pumps, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second generator units 12 second compression units 13 second are from heat exchange unit 14 second medium supplementary units 15 second leaking medium collector units.

Fig. 5: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan or compressor or 14 second cooling unit, 13 second compression pump unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser), 10 second expansion cell 11 second generator units, 12 second liquid storage unit, 15 second liquid medium supplementary units, 16 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 17 second leaking medium collector units

Fig. 6: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan or compressor or 16 second cooling unit, 15 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, water pump 4 condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser), 10 second expansion cell 11 second generator units, 12 second compression unit 13 second gas-liquid separation unit, 14 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, 17 second liquid medium supplementary units, 18 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 19 second leaking medium collector units.

Fig. 7: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generators or blower fan or compressor or 11 second generator units, 12 second compression units, 13 second cooling unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser), 10 second expansion unit unit, 14 second medium supplementary units, 15 second leaking medium collector units.

Fig. 8: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second generator units 12 second compression units 13 second are from heat exchange unit 14 second cooling unit 15 second medium supplementary units, 16 second leaking medium collector units.

Fig. 9: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan, 14 second compression pump unit, 13 second liquid storage unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser), 10 second expansion cell 11 second generator units, 12 second condensing unit, the 15 liquid second medium supplementary units, 16 gaseous states, the second medium supplementary units 17 are leaked the second medium collection unit.The 3rd

compression pump unit

23,18 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 19 the 3rd expansion cell 20 the 3rd generator unit 21 the 3rd liquid storage unit 22 the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units 24 the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units 25 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 10: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan, 14 second compression pump unit, 13 second liquid storage unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser), 10 second expansion cell 11 second generator units, 12 second condensing unit, the 15 liquid second medium supplementary units, 16 gaseous states, the second medium supplementary units 17 are leaked the second medium collection unit.The 3rd secondary

compression pump unit

25,18 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 19 the 3rd expansion cell 20 the 3rd generator unit 21 the 3rd medium compression unit 22 the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit 23 the 3rd one-level compression pump unit 24 the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units 26 the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units 27 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 11: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan or compressor or 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second generator unit 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, 17 second liquid medium supplementary units, 18 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 19 second leaking medium collector units 20 the 3rd evaporation element 21 the 3rd expansion cell 22 the 3rd generator unit 23 the 3rd compression unit, 24 second medium supplementary units, 25 second leaking medium collector units

Figure 12: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan or compressor or 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second generator unit 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, 17 second liquid medium supplementary units, 18 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 19 second leaking medium collector units 20 the 3rd evaporation element 21 the 3rd expansion cell 22 the 3rd generator unit 23 the 3rd compression unit 24 the 3rd are from heat exchange unit 25 the 3rd medium supplementary units 26 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 13: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan or compressor or water pump 4 condensers 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second generator units 12 second compression units 13 second cooling units 14 second medium supplementary units 15 second leaking medium collector units 16 the 3rd evaporation element 17 the 3rd expansion cell 18 the 3rd generator unit 19 the 3rd compression unit 20 the 3rd are from heat exchange unit 21 the 3rd medium supplementary units 22 the 3rd ring leaking medium collector unit

Figure 14: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generators or blower fan or compressor or water pump 4 condensers 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second generator units 12 second compression units 13 second cooling units 14 second from heat exchange unit 15 second medium supplementary units 16 second leaking medium collector units 17 the 3rd evaporation element (also being the second circulation condensing unit) 18 the 3rd expansion cells 19 the 3rd generator unit 20 the 3rd compression unit 21 the 3rd from heat exchange unit 22 the 3rd medium supplementary units 23 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 15: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generator set or blower fan, 15 second cooling unit, 14 second compression pump unit, 13 second liquid storage unit, 12 second condensing unit, water pump 4 vapour condenser, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feed waters, 9 second evaporation units (also being the first circulation vapour condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second circulating generation unit, 16 second liquid medium supplementary units, 17 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 18 second leaking medium collector units.The 3rd cooling unit 27, the 3rd secondary

compression pump unit

26,19 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 20 the 3rd expansion cell 21 the 3rd generator unit 22 the 3rd medium compression unit 23 the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit 24 the 3rd one-level compression pump unit 25 the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units 28 the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units 29 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 16: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan, 17 second cooling unit, 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second circulating generation unit, 18 second liquid medium supplementary units, 19 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 20 second leaking medium collector units. 21 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 22 the 3rd expansion cells, 23 the 3rd generator unit, 24 the 3rd medium compression unit, 25 the 3rd cooling unit, 26 the 3rd medium supplementary units, 27 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 17: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan, 17 second cooling unit, 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second circulating generation unit, 18 second liquid medium supplementary units, 19 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 20 second leaking medium collector units. 21 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 22 the 3rd expansion cells, 23 the 3rd generator unit, 24 the 3rd medium compression unit, 25 the 3rd is from heat exchange unit, 26 the 3rd cooling unit, 27 the 3rd medium supplementary units, 28 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 18: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generators or blower fan or compressor or water pump 4 condensers 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells 11 second generator unit 12 second compression units, 13 second cooling units, 14 second cooling unit, 15 second medium supplementary units, 16 second leaking medium collector units 17 the 3rd evaporation elements (also being the second circulation condensing unit) 18 the 3rd expansion cells 19 the 3rd generator unit 20 the 3rd compression unit 21 the 3rd are from heat exchange unit 22 the 3rd cooling unit 23 the 3rd medium supplementary units 24 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 19: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan, 17 second cooling unit, 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second circulating generation unit, 18 second liquid medium supplementary units, 19 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 20 second leaking medium collector units. The 3rd secondary compression pump unit 28; 21 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 22 the 3rd expansion cell, 23 the 3rd generator unit, 24 the 3rd medium compression unit, 25 the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit, 26 the 3rd one-level compression pump unit, 27 the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units, 29 the 3rd gaseous medium supplementary units, 30 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

Figure 20: 1 steam boiler 2 steam turbines, 3 generating sets or blower fan, 16 second two-stage pressurizing pump unit, 14 second gas-liquid separation unit, 15 second one-level force (forcing) pump unit, 12 second compression units, 13 second condensing unit, water pump 4 condensers, 5 condensate pump 6 Water Treatment, 7 oxygen-eliminating devices, 8 boiler feedwaters, 9 second evaporation elements (also being the first circulation condenser) 10 second expansion cells, 11 second circulating generation unit, 17 second liquid medium supplementary units, 18 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 19 second leaking medium collector units. 20 the 3rd evaporation units (also being the second circulation condensing unit), 21 the 3rd expansion cells, 22 the 3rd generator unit, 23 the 3rd medium compression unit, 24 the 3rd is from heat exchange unit, 25 the 3rd cooling unit, 26 the 3rd medium supplementary units, 27 the 3rd leaking medium collector unit

The present invention is a kind of multicycle power generation thermodynamic system, and purpose is that the latent heat of condensation of steam is also used generating.Approach is to replace recirculated cooling water with second medium.Have certain pressure can second medium absorb the latent heat of condensation of water vapor after, perhaps becoming the gaseous state volume by liquid state increases, or gaseous state rises to the high volume increase by low temperature, the calorific potential of water vapor is become the pressure energy and the kinetic energy of second medium, promote the second media expansion unit motion component movement and then drive generator for electricity generation or the double cold that provides is provided.

When second medium circulation can not become the latent heat of water vapor mechanical energy and then change into electric energy fully, can add one-level the 3rd media expansion acting circulation again, to obtain more convertible energy.Its circulation is with second circulation, but medium is suitable for the 3rd medium that does work instead under low temperature more.In like manner, can increase the 4th circulation, the 5th circulation.

Adopt overcritical circulation time, also can use air or recirculated cooling water to take away portion of energy, but compare much smaller with the latent heat of condensation of water vapor.Can change into most of latent heat of condensation of water vapor mechanical energy and then change into electric energy, greatly reduce the consumption of cooling circulating water and the thermal efficiency of cycle of raising condensed steam type and sucking condensing type unit.

Take two circulating generations to also have added benefit.Because the second medium boiling point is low, can improve the degree of vacuum of Rankine cycle vapour condenser greatly, especially more obvious when the circulating water temperature height causes condenser vacuum decline to make that steam turbine is exerted oneself decline in summer.Therefore can improve generated energy or exert oneself more than 1%～3%.

In theory, the double-curve cooling column of existing power station can be given it up, and newly-built thermal power plant can not built double-curve cooling column or build the small dimension cooling tower, saves great amount of investment, greatly reduces the consumption of recirculated cooling water, improves environment.

The present invention comprises first circulation, second circulation at least, also can comprise the 3rd circulation, even the 4th circulation, the 5th circulates.

First circulation comprises water vapor boiler, water vapor steam turbine, generator or blower fan or compressor or water pump, vapour condenser and accessory for improved Rankine cycle.Unit has condensed steam type and sucking condensing type.Difference is that vapour condenser does not re-use recirculated cooling water, and is to use low boiling point working medium.Low boiling point working medium is not gone up the cooling tower cooling, but the acting cooling.

The elementary cell of low boiling point working medium multicycle power generation is evaporation unit, expansion cell, generator unit and medium presser unit, i.e. liquid compression pump unit or gas compression unit or liquid compression pump unit and gas compression unit.Other unit are auxiliary units, according to recursive nature and design needs changeable auxiliary unit and conversion auxiliary unit position.Can be designed to fixed and portable two kinds as the medium supplementary device, when taking portable supplementary device, in system, only establish interface.And then if do not need to be designed to replenish medium and to make superior or other reasons also can be cancelled the medium supplementary device; Consider according to factors such as flow scheme design and cost performances comprehensively, can not establish the leaking medium gathering-device.

Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4 is four kinds of basic procedures of the two circulating generations of low boiling point working medium.Second circulation kind: Fig. 1 be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, Fig. 2 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, Fig. 3 is the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation, Fig. 4 is the 2nd kind of supercritical generating circulation.

As shown in Figure 1.Improved Rankine cycle by water vapor boiler 1, steam turbine 2, generator set or blower fan, water pump 3, vapour condenser 4, condensate pump 5, Water Treatment 6, oxygen-eliminating device 7, boiler feed water 8 and accessory such as economizer, high low pressure heater, dewatering capacity-enlarging device, decide the part or all of units in thermal power plant such as row, platoon, valve, pipeline, desulfation dust-extraction device and control system and form.But vapour condenser has not been to make cooling working medium with recirculated cooling water, but adopt carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent acetone thereof or N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-or the aqueous solution of mixture, nitrogen, air, helium, argon gas, hydrogen, ammonia or other suitable gas of the new solvent developed from now on, ammonia, fluorine in eighteenth of the twenty series, alkanes, alkene class, benzene class and alkanes, alkene class benzene-like compounds, a kind of or combination in the above material, the general designation low boiling point working medium.Replace recirculated cooling water to absorb the latent heat of the water vapor of finishing merit by low boiling point working medium again by acting generating cooling, rather than by the cooling tower evaporative cooling, do not re-use recirculated cooling water or use seldom recirculated cooling water, so double-curve cooling column is only done standby or greatly reduced the specification of cooling tower.Water recovery Cheng Shui is delivered to the precision processing of chemical workshop section by condensate pump or directly advances oxygen-eliminating device and give boiler again and recycle.

Second circulation is similar with first circulation, but does not use the boiler of fuel, and its " boiler " is that vaporizer is the first circuit vapour condenser.States of matter change and acting no longer be water vapor, but low boiling point working medium.Gasification point is that boiling point is 80 ℃ to subzero 273 ℃ above freezing under the normal pressure, the vapourizing temperature of first-selected low boiling point working medium is lower than normal temperature, under Rankine cycle vapour condenser temperature and tube side pressure, can vaporize, the vapour condenser temperature is controlled in the suitable thermophilic degree scope, to be lower than 35 ℃ for good, not only do not influence the first circuit generating efficiency or exert oneself, and increase by the first circuit generated energy or exert oneself.As 6～7 ℃ of the every reductions of vapour condenser temperature, steam turbine is exerted oneself increases by 1%.Vapourizing temperature can obviously improve summer recirculated cooling water temperature and be higher than the condensed steam type in 32 ℃ of areas and exerting oneself of sucking condensing type unit below 32 ℃ the time.Low boiling point working medium absorbs the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in first circulation, water vapor is condensed into water, low boiling point working medium heat absorption back gasification changes into mechanical energy to water recovery latent heat, promotes the second circulation expansion cell and makes its rotor rotation or piston motion and then drive generator for electricity generation.

It can be subcritical cycle that second circulation and the 3rd circulates, stride one of critical cycle and overcritical circulation.Fig. 1 is to Figure 8 shows that basic circulation.Second circulation and the 3rd circulation can be the combinations of above-mentioned basic circulation and remodeling thereof.

Subcritical, stride in critical cycle and the overcritical circulation and do not establish the medium supplementary units, only establish additional interface, do not want the leaking medium collector unit, the position of conversion heat exchange unit, cooling unit and quantity all are basic circuit remodeling, and every kind of basic circulation and basic circulation, circulation and basic circulation remodeling, basic circulation remodeling and basic circulation remodeling all can make up according to needs substantially.

Second power generation cycle shown in Figure 1 be the 1st kind subcritical and stride critical power generation cycle, by the first circuit vapour condenser 4 promptly the second circuit evaporator unit also be the second circuit boiler unit 9, second expansion cell 10, second generator unit 11, liquid storage unit 12, compression pump group unit 13, the second liquid medium supplementary units 14, the second gaseous medium supplementary units 15, leak second medium collection and re-use device unit 16 and match equipment, control gear is formed.

Wherein the import of vapour condenser shell side connects turbine discharge, the shell side outlet connects condensate system, the tube side import connects the outlet of secondary compression pump, the tube side outlet connects the expansion cell import, the expansion cell outlet connects the liquid storage unit inlet, the outlet of liquid storage unit connects the compression pump unit inlet, and the outlet of compression pump unit connects the import of vapour condenser tube side.The output shaft sending and receiving electric unit input shaft of expansion cell.

Cyclic process is: at the first circuit vapour condenser 4 is in the second circuit evaporation unit 9, the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in liquid state second medium absorption Rankine cycle of high pressure low temperature gasifies water recovery Cheng Shuihou self, enter second expansion cell 10, pressure reduces volumetric expansion, can become kinetic energy to pressure, promote rotation of expansion cell rotor or piston motion acting, drive generator unit 11 generatings, second medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature or two-phase point temperature or triple point temperature, all be liquefied as liquid and enter liquid storage unit 12, be raised to high pressure through compression pump unit 13, it is that the first circulation vapour condenser begins circulation for the second time that subcritical or critical merit supercritical pressure enters evaporation unit.

For replenishing relative permitivity, between the liquid storage unit 12 and second compression pump 13, establish liquid medium supplementary units 14, between evaporation unit 9 and expansion cell 10, establish gaseous medium supplementary units 15, replenish medium to system when being used in system the medium reserves and descending, also can only establish interface or do not establish according to situation; Leaking medium collector unit 16 is used to collect leaking medium, mainly is expansion cell shaft-packing leakage, also can not establish as if being designed to not have reasons such as leakage type or leaking medium value is very low.

Measurement and indicating meter and automatic control systems such as pressure, temperature, flow, vibration are housed on the main frame; comprise adjusting and vibration monitoring, protection and the fault treatment etc. of pressure, flow, temperature, rotating speed etc.; instrument has indicates and change is delivered to distant place master-control room and shown that local operation dish and MCR Master Control Room operating table or control panel are arranged on the spot.

Second circulation shown in Figure 2 be the 2nd kind subcritical and stride critical power generation cycle, with the 1st kind of power generation cycle difference be that expansion cell outlet medium is a gas-liquid two-phase flow.By the first circuit vapour condenser 4 is that the second circuit evaporator unit also is the second circuit boiler unit 9, second expansion cell 10, second generator unit 11, the isolated second medium steam compression unit 12, the second gas-liquid separation device unit 13, one-level compression pump group unit 14, secondary compression pump unit 15, the second liquid medium supplementary units 16, the second gaseous medium supplementary units 17, leak second medium collection and re-use device unit 18 and match equipment, control gear is formed.

Wherein the import of vapour condenser shell side connects turbine discharge, the shell side outlet connects condensate system, the tube side import connects the outlet of the second secondary compression pump, the tube side outlet connects expansion cell 10 imports, the expansion cell outlet connects the second gas-liquid separation unit import, the gas-liquid separation unit gas outlet connects the second compression unit import, and the outlet of second compression unit is in parallel with the outlet of the second one-level compression pump; The gas-liquid separation unit liquid outlet connects the second one-level compression pump unit inlet, one-level compression pump unit outlet with connect secondary compression pump unit inlet after the outlet of second compression unit is in parallel, secondary compression pump unit exports and connects the import of vapour condenser tube side.The output shaft sending and receiving electric unit input shaft and the compression unit input shaft of expansion cell, compression unit also can be dragged separately by motor.

Cyclic process is: at the first circuit vapour condenser 4 is in the second circuit evaporation unit 9, the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in liquid state second medium absorption Rankine cycle of high pressure low temperature gasifies water recovery Cheng Shuihou self, enter the second media expansion unit 10, pressure reduces volumetric expansion, can become kinetic energy to pressure, promote rotation of expansion cell rotor or piston motion acting, drive generator unit 11 generatings, also can drive 12 pairs of isolated gaseous state second medium pressurizations of compression unit simultaneously.Second medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature or two-phase point temperature or triple point temperature, and part is that liquid partly is gas, enters gas-liquid separator unit 13.Isolated liquid through one-level compression pump unit 14 pressurizations give secondary compression pump 15.Isolated gas enters compression unit 12, because gas temperature is a saturation temperature or near saturation temperature, compression unit 12 need not to expend very big merit just be compressed into liquid to it so long, the liquid that pumps out with one-level converges and enters secondary compression pump 15.The low boiling liquid medium is pressurized to elevated pressures to secondary compression pump 15 such as subcritical or critical even supercritical pressure is sent into evaporator unit 9, absorbs Rankine cycle and finish the latent heat of the water vapor of merit and gasify once more and do work.

For replenishing loss, behind one-level compression pump 14, establish low boiling liquid medium supplementary units 16, behind evaporation unit, establish 17 pairs of leakage loss media of low boiling gaseous medium supplementary units and replenish.Pressure, the states of matter that also can consider to replenish medium reach factors such as obtaining benefit as far as possible and choose auxiliary point comprehensively.For saving the second medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 18, utilize again after the collection.According to flow scheme design, medium supplementary units and leaking medium collector unit can not established yet.

This is located described unit and comprises that main frame, supplementary equipment, instrument and control etc. are whole, can be several unit serial or parallel connections.

In the circulation, to account for the ratio of whole expansion work very little because second media expansion, is compressed into merit that liquid consumes to saturation state or near saturated.To make working medium of carbon dioxide is example, supposes from 7.372Mpa to expand into 0Mpa, just is liquefied as liquid as long as be compressed to 0.5179Mpa.Be pumped to 7.372Mpa again, the useful work of obtaining is that expansion work subtracts merit and the loss that compression work deducts the lifting fluid pressure of water pump again, and promptly the product of useful work and cycle efficiency subtracts compression work.Because same pressure reduction and lift, the expansion work of gas is much larger than the merit of boosting of liquid, so can obtain considerable useful work.

Shown in Figure 1 the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, its medium is expanded directly to liquid state by gaseous state, compares with Fig. 2, has saved gas compression unit 12 and one-level compression pump unit 14, and the vapor-liquid separation unit is made into the liquid storage unit.Because saved the compression work of gas, the benefit that obtains is bigger, but expansion cell to manufacture and design difficulty much bigger.

Second medium that merit is finished in expansion also can be little hot gaseous of crossing, and more easily is compressed into liquid by compressor.The advantage of doing like this is the impact that there is not drop in decompressor, and making and life-span are long easily.

When adopting overcritical circulation time, promptly no liquid produces in the circulation, and medium is being crossed the hot gaseous operation all the time.Gas-liquid separator, one-level pump, two stage pump are removed in this kind circulation, increase the gas cooling unit, take one-level compression one-level cooling or multistage compression, multistage cooling to reduce compression work according to medium compression operating mode, obtain useful work to greatest extent.

Fig. 3 is that second circulation is the flow process that the external agency cooling is adopted in the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation.Promptly the second circuit evaporator unit 9, second expansion cell 10, second generator unit 11, second compression unit 12, second cooling unit 13, second intercooler unit 14, the second medium supplementary units 15, the second leaking medium collector unit 16 are formed by the first circuit vapour condenser 4 in second circulation.Wherein the import of vapour condenser shell side connects turbine discharge, the shell side outlet connects condensate system, the tube side outlet connects the expansion cell inlet, the expansion cell outlet connects the compression unit inlet, the compression unit outlet connects the cooling unit inlet, the cooling unit outlet connects vapour condenser tube side inlet, and the intercooler unit import connects the outlet of compression unit low pressure stage, and the intercooler unit outlet connects the import of compression unit next stage.Cyclic process is: high pressure low temperature gas enters the Rankine cycle vapour condenser, the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in absorption makes water recovery Cheng Shui, the gas heating volumetric expansion enters expansion cell, can become kinetic energy to pressure and make expansion cell output shaft motion drive generator unit rotor rotary electrification or drive compression unit simultaneously to the gas pressurized after expanding.Compression unit also available motor drags separately.A kind of flow scheme design is that the gaseous medium temperature after the compression is elevated to more than the normal temperature, enter cooler, arrive a certain design value with recirculated cooling water or air cooling-down, purpose improves the degree of vacuum of the first circulation vapour condenser, second kind of design is to establish the very high inter-stage that needs of compression unit temperature rise to cool off to reduce compression work and to improve compression efficiency, if interstage cooler is drawn gas in compression midway, send into the compression unit next stage after cooling and enter evaporator unit 9 then, if the compression unit Outlet Gas Temperature is still higher, then establishing cooling unit continues to air cooling but, enter vapour condenser 9 after the cooling again, the latent heat that absorbs water vapor circulates once more; Gas temperature is still very low after the flow scheme design compression, then can not establish heat exchanger, directly enters evaporation unit after the compression and circulates once more.

Second circulation shown in Figure 4 is the circulation of second kind of supercritical generating, comprise vapour condenser 4 promptly and two circulating and evaporating unit 9, expansion cell 10, generator unit 11, compression unit 12, from heat exchange unit 13, medium supplementary units 14 and leaking medium collector unit 15.Wherein the import of vapour condenser shell side connects turbine discharge, the shell side outlet connects condensate system, the tube side outlet connects from the import of heat exchange unit shell side, connect the expansion cell import from the outlet of heat exchange unit shell side, the expansion cell outlet connects the compression unit import, the compression unit outlet connects from the import of heat exchange unit tube side, connects vapour condenser tube side inlet from the outlet of heat exchange unit tube side.This flow process characteristics are to establish from heat exchange unit.Second circulation is from heat exchange process, and heat exchange unit is located between evaporation unit 9 and the expansion cell 10.Lower the temperature to improve the degree of vacuum of vapour condenser to compressing the higher gas of back temperature with the gas that the relative temperature of coming out from the first circulation vapour condenser is lower.The vapour condenser that raises out simultaneously advances the gas temperature of expansion cell, improves the acting ability of expansion cell.Cyclic process is: high pressure low temperature gas enters i.e. second evaporation unit 9 of Rankine cycle vapour condenser 4, the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in absorption makes water recovery Cheng Shui, the gas converting heat that the gas heating volumetric expansion enters after the compression of heat exchange unit 13 shell sides and tube side enters expansion cell 10, can become kinetic energy to pressure and make the motion of expansion cell output shaft drive generator unit 11 rotor rotary electrifications or drive compression unit 12 simultaneously; Gas after the expansion enters compression unit 12 and is compressed, and enters after the pressure rising volume-diminished from heat exchange unit 13 tube sides, with the tube side repetitive cycling that enters vaporizer behind the shell side gas converting heat.If compression unit intergrade temperature is too high, can as Fig. 3, establishes intercooler unit gas is lowered the temperature.

When adopting second circulation can not the latent heat that the water vapor of merit is finished in first circulation be changed into mechanical energy fully and then change into electric energy, i.e. second circulation also has available heat energy, can adopt the 3rd circulation to continue acting, to obtain more convertible energy.The 3rd circulation is formed basic with second medium circulation, but the boiling point of used medium is lower than the second circulatory mediator boiling point.Because the second circular work amount is big, the high-power turbo-expander that is more suitable for must solve the anti-drop of several grade blades in back and wash away when adopting subcritical and striding critical cycle.If adopting overcritical circulation then can avoid drop washes away.For the latent heat of the first circulating water steam is changed into electric energy as much as possible, adopting the 3rd circulation to continue Conversion of energy is one of way.

Fig. 9 ~ Figure 14 is representational six three circulating generation flow processs.Second circulation and the 3rd of Fig. 9 circulate all be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical cycle; Second circulation of Figure 10 be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical cycle, the 3rd circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical cycle; Second circulation of Figure 11 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical cycle, the 3rd circulation is the 1st kind of overcritical circulation; Second circulation of Figure 12 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical cycle, the 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of overcritical circulation; Second circulation of Figure 13 is the 1st kind of overcritical circulation, and the 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of overcritical circulation; Second circulation and the 3rd circulation of Figure 14 all are the 2nd kind of overcritical circulations.Also have other compound modes not enumerate one by one at this.

First circulation of three circuit is identical with bicirculating first circulation.Second circulation is compared with bicirculating second circulation, has set up in the expansion cell outlet and has coagulated gas unit or cooling unit.Increased i.e. the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 18, condensing unit 12 as Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 have increased i.e. the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 20, condensing unit 13, and Figure 13 has increased i.e. the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 16 of second cooling unit 13.Figure 14 has increased i.e. the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 17 of second cooling unit 13.

With Figure 10 is example, is described as follows: this three circulation process first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, second circulation be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical generating flow process, the 3rd circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical generating flow process.Promptly the second circuit evaporation unit 9, second expansion cell 10, second generator unit 11, the second condensing unit 12 (also being the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 18), the second liquid storage unit 13, the second compression pump unit 14, the second liquid medium supplementary units 15, the second gaseous medium supplementary units 16, the second leaking medium collector unit 17 and match equipment, control gear are formed by the first circuit vapour condenser 4 in second circulation.Wherein vapour condenser 4 shell side imports connect turbine discharge, the shell side outlet connects condensate system, the tube side import connects 14 outlets of second compression pump, the tube side outlet connects expansion cell 10 imports, expansion cell 10 outlets connect the 12 shell side imports of the second condensing unit, the 12 shell sides outlet of the second condensing unit connects 13 imports of the second liquid storage unit, and 13 outlets of liquid storage unit connect the second compression pump unit, 14 inlets, and 14 outlets of the second compression pump unit connect the import of vapour condenser tube side.The output shaft sending and receiving electric unit input shaft of expansion cell.Second cyclic process is: at the first circuit vapour condenser 4 is in the second circuit evaporation unit 9, the latent heat of condensation that the water vapor of merit is finished in liquid state second medium absorption Rankine cycle of high pressure low temperature gasifies water recovery Cheng Shuihou self, enter second expansion cell 10, volumetric expansion can become kinetic energy to pressure, make the motion of expansion cell output shaft, drive generator unit 11 generatings, second medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced near condensing temperature or near two-phase point temperature temperature and enters the second condensing unit 12, in the condensing unit, heat is passed to the lower low boiling point working medium of the 3rd circulation boiling point, all be liquefied as liquid, enter liquid storage unit 13.Be pressurized to subcritical or critical through one-level compression pump unit 1 or supercritical pressure is sent into second evaporator unit 9 and carried out second time circulation, absorb Rankine cycle and finish the latent heat of the water vapor of merit and gasify once more and do work.

For replenishing loss, can behind second compression pump 14, establish the second low boiling liquid medium supplementary units 15, behind second evaporation unit, establish 16 pairs of leakage loss media of the second low boiling gaseous medium supplementary units and replenish.Pressure, the states of matter of taking all factors into consideration additional medium reach factors such as obtaining benefit as far as possible and choose auxiliary point, only establish additional interface or do not consider supplementary device when being designed to movable type.For saving the medium consumption, establish the second leaking medium gathering-device 17, utilize again after the collection, can not establish yet.

The 3rd circulation is the 3rd evaporation unit 18, the 3rd expansion cell 19 by the second condensing unit 12, the 3rd generator unit 20, the 3rd compression unit 21, the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit 22, the 3rd one-level compression pump unit 23, the 3rd secondary compression pump unit 24 the 3rd liquid medium supplementary units 25, the three gas medium supplementary units 26, the three leaking medium collector units, 27 grades and all match equipment, facility, parts, element and instrument and control system are formed.Cyclic process is: more lower boiling high pressure low temperature the 3rd medium is that the heat energy that absorbs second medium in the 3rd evaporation unit 18 changes into liquid to second dielectric fluid and the volume increase of self gasifying in the second condensing unit 12, enter the 3rd expansion cell 19, promote the motion of expansion cell output shaft, drive 20 generatings of the 3rd generator unit, the heat energy of second circulatory mediator is transformed mechanical energy and then changes into electric energy.The 3rd circulating air liquid two-phase medium that comes out from expansion cell enters the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit 22, isolated gas enters compression unit 21 and is compressed into liquid, isolated liquid is pressurized to identical with the compression unit outlet pressure with the 3rd one-level compression pump 23 earlier, be pressurized to subcritical or critical or supercritical pressure through the 3rd secondary compression pump unit 24 again after two liquid converge, enter the i.e. second condensing unit, the 12 beginnings circulation for the second time of the 3rd evaporation unit 18.Because the 3rd circulation is more to move under the low temperature, the evaporation unit 18 i.e. second circulation condensing unit 12 can be cooled to i.e. all liquefaction below the liquefaction point to second circulatory mediator that comes from second expansion cell 10.

The present invention is mainly used in the increase generated energy, but also can provide cold simultaneously, i.e. generating-refrigeration combined cycle.Way is a cold rank as required, increases one or more heat exchanger in second circulation, the suitable link of the 3rd circuit, promptly provides cold to the medium cooling that extracts cold.This moment, circulation became generating-refrigeration combined cycle.

Four kinds of basic procedures of the two circulating generations of Fig. 5 ~ Figure 8 shows that-refrigeration combined cycle, Fig. 5 be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, Fig. 6 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, Fig. 7 is the 1st kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, and Fig. 8 is the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle.

With Fig. 8 is example, is described as follows: its second circulation comprises evaporation unit 9, expansion cell 10, generator unit 11, compression unit 12, from heat exchange unit 13, cooling unit 14, medium supplementary units 15, leaking medium collector unit 16.Wherein: the outlet of evaporation unit 9 tube sides connects from heat exchange unit 13 shell side imports, connect expansion cell 10 imports from the heat exchange unit outlet, expansion cell output shaft sending and receiving electric unit 11 and compression unit 12 input shafts, the expansion cell outlet connects compression unit 12 imports, the compression unit outlet connects from heat exchange unit 13 tube side imports, connects evaporation unit 9 tube side imports from the outlet of heat exchange unit tube side.Workflow is: high pressure low temperature second medium enters evaporation unit 9, and the latent heat of condensation gasification of the water vapor of merit is finished in the suction Rankine cycle, makes water recovery simultaneously.Gas medium enters and enter the expansion cell acting after the thermal medium heat exchange that enters tube side of heat exchange unit 13 shell sides and compression unit absorbs heat, promote rotation of expansion cell rotor or piston motion, cool to design temperature after the acting, generally be near saturation temperature, entering compression unit again is compressed and boosts, the back temperature of boosting raises, and enters and enter evaporation unit tube side repetitive cycling after the heat exchange unit tube side is passed to a part of heat in the medium of evaporation unit 9.Cooling unit 14 need be connected on the suitable place of flow process according to temperature, as shown before and after evaporation unit.Medium supplementary units 15 can be made fixed or portable, only does interface in system when making movable type, also can not establish medium and replenish.Leaking medium collector unit 16 can be established and can not establish.

Figure 15 ~ Figure 20 is representational three circulating generations-refrigeration combined cycle.Second circulation of Figure 15 be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical combined cycle, the 3rd circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical combined cycle, second circulation of Figure 16 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical combined cycle, the 3rd circulation is the 1st a kind of overcritical combined cycle.Second circulation of Figure 17 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical combined cycle, the 3rd circulation is the 2nd a kind of overcritical combined cycle.Second circulation of Figure 18 is the 1st a kind of overcritical combined cycle, and the 3rd circulation is the 2nd a kind of overcritical combined cycle.Second circulation of Figure 19 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical combined cycle, the 3rd circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle.Second circulation of Figure 20 be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation is the 2nd a kind of overcritical combined cycle.

With Figure 20 is example: second circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, comprise that promptly the first circulation vapour condenser 4, second expansion cell 10, second generator unit 11, second compression unit 12, the second condensing unit 13, second gas-liquid separation unit 14, the second one-level compression pump unit 15, the second secondary compression pump unit 16, the second liquid medium supplementary units 17, the second gaseous medium supplementary units 18, the second leaking medium collector unit 19 are formed in the second circulating evaporator unit 9.Wherein the outlet of evaporator unit 9 tube sides connects expansion cell 10 imports, expansion cell 10 output shaft sending and receiving electric unit 11 input shafts and compression unit 12 input shafts, compression unit also available motor drags separately, media outlet connects condensing unit 13 inlets, 13 outlets of condensing unit connect gas-liquid separation unit 14 inlets, the isolated gas entrance pressure of the gas-liquid separation unit unit 12 that contracts is compressed into liquid, discharge back and the second one-level compression pump in parallel converging of outlet, the isolated liquid of gas-liquid separation unit enters the second one-level compression pump unit 15, one-level compression pump unit is forced into liquid identical with compression unit 12 outlet pressures, two liquid converge the laggard second secondary compression pump unit 16, be pressurized to subcritical, stride critical or supercritical pressure, enter the second circulation condensing unit 9 and do circulation for the second time.

The 3rd circulation is the 2nd kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, comprises that the second circulation condensing unit 13 is that the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit 20, the 3rd expansion cell 21, the 3rd generator unit 22, the 3rd compression unit 23, the 3rd are from heat exchange unit 24, the 3rd cooling unit 25, the 3rd medium supplementary units 26, the 3rd leaking medium collector unit 27.Workflow is: high pressure more the 3rd medium of low temperature is that the latent heat of condensation that absorbs second medium in the 3rd evaporation unit 20 becomes liquid to the second medium total condensation in the second condensing unit 13, the volume that self gasifies increases temperature and reduces, enter the 3rd from heat exchange unit 24, absorption is gone into expansion cell 21 from the 3rd medium heat of the 3rd compression unit is laggard, can change pressure and can promote expansion cell movement parts motion, drive the 3rd generator unit 22 rotor rotation or piston motion, can become pressure kinetic energy and then become electric energy, acting back temperature reduces, enter the 3rd compression unit 23 and be compressed to design pressure, compression back temperature raises, enter from heat exchange unit 24, with the back medium heat exchange of expanding, enter the 3rd evaporation unit 20 after the heat exchange and circulate once more.Cooling unit 25 has four positions to place, and selects according to cold that requires to provide and temperature grade.Medium supplementary units 26 can be designed to fixed or portable two kinds, only does interface when being designed to movable type in the system, also shouldn't replenish by medium according to flow scheme design.Leaking medium collector unit 27 is collected leaking medium and is utilized, also shouldn't according to flow scheme design.

No matter be more than two circulations or three circulations or three circulate, no matter to be power generation cycle or generating-refrigeration combined cycle, all can be according to needs by basic circulation and remodeling combination in any thereof.Two circulation Title portions of connecing establish the i.e. back one circuit evaporation unit of last circulation condensing unit or cooling unit, when last circulation be subcritical, also to establish the compression pump unit when striding critical cycle.

In the circulation, the medium states of matter changes as follows:

Medium whole process circulates at gaseous state, states of matter does not take place change.Promptly all the time in superheat state.But for reducing compression power consumption, temperature is as far as possible near the saturation temperature or the temperature that reaches capacity when going out decompressor.

Gaseous state had hot, was promptly crossing hot circulation all the time.

Had hot and saturation state to transform, as to go out expansion cell be saturation state, the entrance pressure unit that contracts was compressed into hot.

Circulation medium states of matter has the conversion of gaseous state, liquid state even gaseous state, liquid state and solid-state conversion is arranged.Subcritical, to stride critical cycle be circulation in gaseous state, the liquid conversion; When adopting carbon dioxide to do working medium, during the liquid carbon dioxide gasification if outside energy is under-supply or untimely, then can generating portion dry ice, gaseous state, liquid state and solid-state conversion promptly appear.

Pressure superelevation after the pressurization, the acting ability is big more, is pressurized to elevated pressures, high pressure, subcritical pressure boiler, critical pressure, supercritical pressure, the acting ability strengthens successively, acting back temperature can be even lower successively, is easier to compression, and promptly the compression work of Xiao Haoing is more little.But for gaseous medium, the temperature rise after the compression is also high more.When surpassing a certain numerical value,, add the cooling cooling unit in the compression process and the medium cooling after the compression perhaps for realizing that circulation process needs as the first circulation vapour condenser temperature.

Second circulation and the 3rd circulation and the above many circulations of three circulations, its media expansion process has following mode: 1. once expand; 2. secondary and repeatedly expansion; 3. each expansion can be an one-level; 4. each expansion can be multistage.

The nucleus equipment of medium circulation acting is the decompressor of expansion cell, and its kind has:

1. turbo-expander comprises axial flow, the centrifugal and built-up shaft heart mixed-flow of wandering about as a refugee.A kind of expansion overall process all is a gaseous state, and blade only bears the promotion of gas.Second kind of expansion is that last number grade blade can bear partial liquefaction and all liquefaction even impacts that solid particle medium is arranged to saturation temperature or two-phase point, triple point temperature.Turbine can be made impulsion (impact) formula, also can make reaction (counterattack) formula.The turbo wheel material can be alloyed steel and aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.Also can before several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy or titanium alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, or the combination of alloyed steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy; Can spraying outside base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance.

2. positive-displacement expansion engine.Comprise piston-cylinder, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, eddy type, screw type.Positive-displacement expansion engine is lower than turbine engine to the susceptibility of drop.

3. nozzle.

4. adopt turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine and nozzle two or three combination.

Reduce temperature and the desirable following flow process of compression:

1. second circulation, the 3rd circulation and the above circulation gaseous state media expansion direct liquefaction of the 3rd circulation become liquid.Liquid medium pumps up, and enters last circulation vapour condenser again.

2. second circulation the 3rd circulation gaseous state media expansion is to saturation state, promptly there is liquid that gas is arranged again even solid is arranged, be two-phase flow or three-phase stream, through gas-liquid separation, isolated liquid pressurizes with the compression pump unit, isolated gas adds with compression unit and is pressed into liquid, and the two enters last circulation vapour condenser with the pressurization of secondary compression pump unit again.

3. be still gas after second circulation, the 3rd circulation gaseous state media expansion, but near saturation temperature, purpose is to reduce compression work to greatest extent, is compressed into liquid by compressor at an easy rate, continues pressurization with pump again.Enter last circulation sub-cooling unit after boosting.

4. be still gas after second circulation, the acting of the 3rd circulation gaseous state media expansion, the degree of superheat is higher, but designs the temperature eventually that expands according to requirements of process, reduces compression work as far as possible.With after the compressor pressurizes as required with air or recirculated cooling water or another medium cooling to design load, enter last medium condensing unit or sub-cooling unit.

The sum of series number of times of compression and cooling, no matter be subcritical, stride critically or overcritical, all can be designed to one or more levels compression, the one or many compression according to dielectric property, nothing cooling or one-level (inferior) cooling or multistage (inferior) cooling comprise the middle cooling in the compression unit.

The compressor kind of compression unit can be turbine-type and positive displacement, and turbine-type can be axial flow, centrifugal and axial flow, centrifugal mixed-flow, promptly before several grades be axial flow, back one-level or several grades are made centrifugal.Can reciprocating type (comprising piston type, inclined disc type), eddy type, sliding vane, rolling-piston-type, screw type in the positive displacement.Turbocompressor impeller or blade surface can spray, brushing or other materials of sintering.

Compression process can be compressed to medium near saturated with turbine, is compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again.Also available turbine directly is compressed into liquid state, or only is compressed into liquid state with positive displacement.Become liquid medium and be elevated to necessary pressure with centrifugal pump or positive displacement pump pressurization.

Axle envelope, housing seal and system and the line seal of second circulation and the 3rd circuit decompressor and compressor adopt known sealing technique maturation or that work out from now on, as labyrinth seal, graphite grazing, medium-tight etc., prevent refrigerant leakage.

Decompressor removes drawing generator, also can drag compressor simultaneously, and is similar to present gas turbine group.Be decompressor one end connection generator, the other end connection compressor.

The expansion compressor capable kind is made in decompressor and compressor in the housing.Kind has: axial flow, centrifugal, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type etc.

For replenishing leakage loss, establish second circulation and the 3rd circulatory mediator and replenish interface and supplementary device.The position that replenishes mouthful, when adopting liquid medium to replenish, be located at secondary compression pump unit before or before the evaporation unit.Basis is replenished the pressure of medium when the employing gaseous medium is additional, the pressure before the decompressor air inlet is located at the suitable energy of locating, do not waste additional medium and obtains the maximum generation ability again or the place of exerting oneself.Supplementary device can be designed to fixed and portable two kinds, when taking portable supplementary device, only establishes interface in system.And then if do not need to be designed to replenish medium and to make superior or other reasons also can be cancelled the medium supplementary device; Consider according to factors such as flow scheme design and cost performances comprehensively, can not establish the leaking medium gathering-device.

Because the two or three medium circulation is to move at low temperatures, need the insulation cold insulation, make circulation near adiabatic circulation or be exactly adiabatic the circulation.

Claims

1. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system comprises first circulation, and this first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, and first circulation comprises and it is characterized in that vapour condenser:

This system also comprises second circulation, and this second circulation is to use low boiling point working medium to do the secondary electricity generation circulation of working medium;

Vapour condenser in described first circulation is a pressurized container, make water recovery in the described vapour condenser with low boiling point working medium, described vapour condenser is as the second circuit evaporation unit, and its shell side import connects turbine discharge, outlet connects condensate system, and the tube side of described vapour condenser is serially connected with in second circulation;

Described second circulation also comprises expansion cell, generator unit and presser unit, described low boiling point working medium is vaporized after absorbing water recovery latent heat during through the first circulation vapour condenser, heat energy is become mechanical energy, promote the output shaft motion of described expansion cell, drive described generator unit generating or generating and refrigeration, the media expansion cooling begins circulation for the second time after the first circulation vapour condenser is sent in the presser unit pressurization.

2. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Described low boiling point working medium is the recirculated cooling water material in addition that can absorb water recovery latent heat in the first circulation vapour condenser under the first circulation vapour condenser proper functioning operating mode, comprise eighteenth of the twenty series in the aqueous solution, fluorine of mixture, nitrogen, air, helium, argon gas, hydrogen, ammonia, the ammonia of carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent thereof, alkanes, alkene class, benzene class and alkanes, alkene class benzene-like compounds, a kind of or combination in the above material comprises acetone and N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-in the carbon-dioxide absorbent.

3. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in circulation is an one of the following: omnidistance gaseous state, and gaseous state transforms with liquid, gaseous state, liquid state, solid-state conversion, gaseous state was hot, saturation state, cross and hotly transform with saturation state.

4. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Described low boiling point working medium, boiling point is less than 80 ℃, being good less than 35 ℃ under the first circulation vapour condenser operating mode; Can liquefy under economic pressures, described economic pressures are compression work that medium is done products less than the expansion work and the cycle efficiency of medium.

5. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Described first the circulation also comprise steam boiler, steam turbine, condensate pump, Water Treatment, oxygen-eliminating device charging pump, oxygen-eliminating device, boiler feed pump and thermal power generation all or steam turbine drag blower fan, compressor, all attached and environmental protection equipments of water pump;

The described second circuit elementary cell is evaporation unit, expansion cell, generator unit and presser unit; Described evaporation unit i.e. the first circuit vapour condenser, and described presser unit is compression pump unit or compression unit or compression pump unit and compression unit.Unit beyond the described elementary cell is an auxiliary unit;

6. as the described multicycle power generation thermodynamic system of one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that:

Described second circulation is a power generation cycle, can be two kinds subcritical, stride one of critical power generation cycle and four kinds of basic circulations of two kinds of supercritical generatings circulation, wherein:

When second the circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second compression pump unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit; The high pressure low temperature liquid medium absorbs the first circulating water vapor condenses latent heat in vapour condenser makes water recovery Cheng Shui, the medium gasification enters expansion cell decompression volumetric expansion can change into the generating of kinetic energy promotion expansion cell movement parts motion drive generator unit to pressure, medium acting back temperature reduces and liquefaction enters the liquid storage unit, and pressurization enters the vapour condenser repetitive cycling through the compression pump unit again;

When second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, secondary compression pump unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprises that second evaporator unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish second leaking medium and collect unit, also can establish second heat exchange unit and be placed on diverse location;

When second kind of overcritical circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprise second evaporation unit be improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second from heat exchange unit or second from heat exchange unit and heat exchange unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit;

Above-mentioned four kinds of circulations are basic circulations, and auxiliary unit beyond the increase and decrease elementary cell or change auxiliary unit position are basic circuit remodeling.

7. as the described multicycle power generation thermodynamic system of one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that:

Described second circulation is a generating-refrigeration combined cycle, can be first kind subcritical, stride critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, second kind subcritical, stride one of critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, first kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle and second kind of supercritical generating-four kinds of basic generating-refrigeration combined cycle of refrigeration combined cycle, wherein:

When second circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second compression pump unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit; The high pressure low temperature liquid medium absorbs the first circulating water vapor condenses latent heat in condensing makes water recovery Cheng Shui, the medium gasification enters expansion cell decompression volumetric expansion can change into the generating of kinetic energy promotion expansion cell movement parts motion drive generator unit to pressure, medium acting back temperature reduces and liquefaction enters the liquid storage unit, and pressurization enters the vapour condenser repetitive cycling through the compression pump unit again;

When second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, comprise that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, secondary compression pump unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprises that second evaporation unit is improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish second leaking medium and collect unit, also can establish second heat exchange unit and be placed on diverse location;

When second kind of overcritical circulation time taked in second circulation, second circulation comprise second evaporation unit be improved Rankine cycle vapour condenser, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second from heat exchange unit or second from heat exchange unit and heat exchange unit, the second cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit.

8. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Also comprise the 3rd circulation, described the 3rd circulation is one of power generation cycle and generating-refrigeration combined cycle; Described second circulates in expansion cell increases condensing unit or cooling unit afterwards, and this condensing unit or cooling unit are the 3rd circuit evaporation units; The medium boiling point that the medium boiling point that described the 3rd circulation is adopted adopts than second circulation is low.

9. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:

When described second the circulation take first kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit, second expansion cell, second generator unit, the second condensing unit, the second liquid storage unit, the second compression pump unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit, described condensing unit is the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit;

When described second the circulation take second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, the second condensing unit, second gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of second gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, secondary compression pump unit, the second medium supplementary units, also can establish the second leaking medium collector unit, described vapour condenser unit is the 3rd circulating and evaporating unit;

When first kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second sub-cooling unit, the second medium supplementary units also can be established the second leaking medium collector unit;

When second kind of supercritical generating circulation time taked in described second circulation, second circulation comprises: second evaporation unit, second expansion cell, second generator unit, second compression unit, second sub-cooling unit, second also can be established the second leaking medium collector unit from heat exchange unit, the second medium supplementary units;

Above-mentioned four kinds of circulations are basic circulations, and supplementary equipment beyond the increase and decrease elementary cell or change position are basic circuit remodeling;

When described the 3rd circulation when taking power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation be subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle or one of supercritical generating circulation and basic circulation remodeling, wherein:

When described the 3rd the circulation be first kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises the 3rd the evaporation unit i.e. second circulation second condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd liquid storage unit, the 3rd liquid compression pump unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, also can establish and draw together the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd the circulation be second kind subcritical, when striding critical power generation cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. second circuit, the second condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid one-level of the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, liquid secondary compression pump unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, also can establish the 3rd leaking medium and collect and the second use unit;

When described the 3rd circulation is first kind of supercritical generating circulation time, the 3rd circulation comprises the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. second circuit, the second condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units also can be established the 3rd leaking medium and be collected and utilize the unit;

When described the 3rd circulation is second kind of supercritical generating circulation time, the 3rd circulation comprises that promptly second circuit, the second condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd also can be established the 3rd leaking medium collector unit from heat exchange unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units to the 3rd evaporator unit;

Above-mentioned four kinds of power generation cycle are basic circulations of four kinds of power generation cycle, and increasing supplementary equipment and change the position in circulation promptly becomes basic circulation remodeling; Described unit refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all;

When described the 3rd circulation when taking generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulates be subcritical, stride one of critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle or supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, wherein:

When described the 3rd circulation be first kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd liquid storage unit, the 3rd compression pump unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd circulation be second kind subcritical, when striding critical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit, the isolated liquid medium one-level of the 3rd gas-liquid separation unit compression pump unit, the 3rd liquid medium secondary compression pump unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

When described the 3rd circulation when being first kind of supercritical generating-refrigeration combined cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: the 3rd evaporation unit i.e. the second circulation condensing unit or second sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units, also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit, wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process;

When described the 3rd circulation is second kind of supercritical generating refrigeration cycle, the 3rd circulation comprises: promptly the second circulation condensing unit or sub-cooling unit, the 3rd expansion cell, the 3rd generator unit, the 3rd compression unit, the 3rd are from heat exchange unit, the 3rd cooling unit, the 3rd medium supplementary units for the 3rd evaporation unit, and wherein the cooling unit can be placed on the diverse location of flow process; Also can establish the 3rd leaking medium collector unit;

Above-mentioned four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle are basic circulations of four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle, and the position of increase and decrease supplementary equipment and change equipment becomes basic circuit remodeling; Described unit refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

10. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:

Period can be more than or equal to four, wherein: first circulation is improved Rankine cycle, since second circulation, is basic power generation cycle and remodeling and one of combination of generating-refrigeration combined cycle and remodeling substantially; Since the 3rd circulation, to increase condensing unit or cooling unit behind the last circuit expansion cell; This condensing unit or cooling unit are next circuit evaporation unit; Unit in described each circulation refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory thereof, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

11. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:

In second circulation and the 3rd circulation, described medium supplementary units is liquid medium supplementary units or gaseous medium supplementary units or liquid medium supplementary units and gaseous medium supplementary units; Described medium supplementary units can be designed to fixedly and portable, when being designed to movable type, only does interface in system; Do not establish the medium supplementary units when expansion cell and compression unit are done no leaky design, or leakage rate also can not established the medium supplementary units when very little; Described unit refers to comprise that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.

12. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:

Described multicycle expansion cell is a kind of or combination of turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine, nozzle; Can one-level expand, but also multistage expansion; Can be a bloating plant, also many bloating plants;

Described turbo-expander can adopt axial flow, centrifugal or the two combination mixed-flow, can adopt impulse or reactionary style; Blade can bear the impact of single-phase gaseous state or single-phase liquid or two-phase flow liquid state and gaseous state or three-phase gas attitude, liquid state and solid state medium; The turbo wheel material is mechanical property is good at low temperatures alloyed steel and aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, can be in the past several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy or titanium alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, or preceding several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, drop to again and use titanium alloy instead after a certain temperature or use titanium alloy earlier instead and use aluminum alloy again instead, can spraying on base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance;

13., it is characterized in that as claim 1 or 5 described multicycle power generation thermodynamic systems:

Described presser unit comprises the compression unit that is used for the compressed gaseous medium and is used for the compression pump unit of liquid medium pressurization, the compression unit that is used for gaseous medium can adopt axial flow, centrifugal, piston type single-stage or secondary or multistage compressor, can adopt the compressor more than and; Axial flow and centrifugal two compressors that are divided into, also can make one: preceding several grades for axial flow, back one-level or several grades are centrifugal, make medium approaching saturated after the compression, be compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again, also available turbine or positive displacement compressor directly are compressed into liquid state; The compression pump unit adopts single-stage or multistage centrifugal pump or positive displacement pump that medium is pressurized to necessary pressure; In overcritical circulation, can be with cooling unit after every grade of compression, the water cooling of cooling unit available cycles, air cooling or the cooling of other media or use cryogenic gas cooling after expanding from last circulation vapour condenser.

14. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that:

Decompressor in described expansion cell and the compression unit and compressor can be made in the housing, i.e. expansion compressor capable; The kind of described expansion compressor capable and pattern can be axial-flow turbine formula, centrifugal turbine-type, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type etc.;

15. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Unit in the system, pipeline are taked the measure of heat-insulation and heat-preservation cold insulation, make circulation become adiabatic circulation or approaching adiabatic circulation.

16. multicycle power generation thermodynamic system as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that:

Described expansion cell, compression unit, inflate compression unit adopt mechanical seal; Mechanical seal has labyrinth seal, graphite grazing, gas medium sealing.