CN201546768U - A low-grade heat flow power generation system - Google Patents
A low-grade heat flow power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN201546768U CN201546768U CN2009201672157U CN200920167215U CN201546768U CN 201546768 U CN201546768 U CN 201546768U CN 2009201672157 U CN2009201672157 U CN 2009201672157U CN 200920167215 U CN200920167215 U CN 200920167215U CN 201546768 U CN201546768 U CN 201546768U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种低品位热流发电系统，包括热流锅炉单元、膨胀做功单元、发电单元；所述热流锅炉单元包括热流锅炉，所述的热流锅炉无需燃料提供热量，其壳程供低品位热流体经过，所述热流锅炉的管程供低沸点介质流过，实现热流体与低沸点介质交换热量；所述的低沸点介质吸收热流体的热量后温度升高，然后进入膨胀做功单元使其发生运动，所述的膨胀做功单元连接发电单元，当所述的膨胀做功单元发生运动时带动发电单元进行发电。该发电系统和方法可以充分利用被废弃的热能，提高热源利用效率，节约资源，保护环境。
The utility model relates to a low-grade heat flow power generation system, which includes a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, and a power generation unit; The fluid passes through, and the tube side of the heat flow boiler is for the low-boiling point medium to flow through, so as to realize the heat exchange between the hot fluid and the low-boiling point medium; the temperature of the low-boiling point medium absorbs the heat of the hot fluid, and then enters the expansion work unit to make it When movement occurs, the expansion work unit is connected to the power generation unit, and when the expansion work unit moves, the power generation unit is driven to generate electricity. The power generation system and method can make full use of wasted heat energy, improve heat source utilization efficiency, save resources and protect the environment.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of power generation system, relates in particular to a kind of system that heat energy is converted into electric energy.
Background technique:
Existing big capacity generation technology has thermal power generation, and water is cooked working medium, and the chemical energy of fuel is changed into electric energy, but can only change into electric energy to the sensible heat of water vapor, and latent heat distributes electricity in atmosphere by recirculated cooling water, and thermal efficiency of cycle is less than 50%; The low pressure thermal power generation is superseded, and minimum parameter is middle press group, the about 4.0Mpa of pressure, 425 ℃ of temperature; Hydroelectric power is that the potential energy of current is changed into electric energy; Nuclear power is that atomic power is changed into electric energy.The Ka Linna circulation has proposed to utilize ammonia spirit that used heat is changed into the method for electric energy, but can not solve 100 ℃ of following heat energy conversion now.Patent 02116497.5 has proposed engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen production process and device, can only improve the burning of internal-combustion engine.Patent 02143430.1 is to solve diesel-electric noise reduction.Patent 01273968.5 carbon dioxide electricity generating device closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamics power generation, every 1000KW will consume the 200kg carbon dioxide.For workers and peasants produce and life in the low grade heat energy of flood tide discharging, particularly be lower than 200 ℃ and be lower than 100 ℃ even near 30 ℃ low grade heat energy, also do not change into the method for big capacity electric energy so far.And low grade heat energy is very huge: industrial symbol is a double-curve cooling column, it distribute low grade heat energy just, whole nation double-curve cooling column is no less than 10000,5000 tons/year in the low grade heat energy signature coal that each tower distributes, 5,000 ten thousand tons of marks of heat energy coal of draining altogether; Boiler smoke before desulfurization and dedusting, about 180 ℃, the about 1.34KJ/ cubic meter of flue gas specific heat at constant volume. ℃, if can change 50%, the 60KJ/ cubic meter is just arranged.10/h boiler induced-draft fan air quantity 11000 is upright/h, convertiblely go out electric energy 300KW.2007,25.5 hundred million tons of China's outputs of coal, by domestic as boiler oil account for 1/4th, the about 1.5t/h of 10t/h steam coal rolls over about 1,000,000 of 10t/h boiler, can obtain electric energy 300,000,000 KW.
In the existing power generation system, the thermal efficiency is low, causes resource greatly to waste, and for the power station, cost increases, because the latent heat of water vapor is dispersed in the atmosphere, causes influence significantly for the environment around the power station; In addition, current development along with society require sufficient electric power to support, but the foundation in new thermal power plant can further increase the pollution to environment undoubtedly; Also there is same problem in other heat energy that are not fully utilized.
The model utility content:
One of technical problem that the utility model patent will solve is the deficiency that overcomes above-mentioned prior art; a kind of heat energy that goes out of use that makes full use of is provided, and improving heat source utilization efficiency, particularly temperature is the utilization of the latent heat below 100 ℃; economize on resources the power generation system and the method for protection environment.
Low-grade heat flow power generation system according to the utility model provides comprises: comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, expansion acting unit, generator unit; Described hot-fluid boiler unit comprises the hot-fluid boiler, and described hot-fluid boiler need not fuel provides heat, and its shell side is for low-grade heat flow body process, and the tube side of described hot-fluid boiler flows through for low boiling point working medium, realizes hot fluid and low boiling point working medium heat-shift; Temperature raises behind the heat of described low boiling point working medium absorption hot fluid, entering the acting unit that expands then it is moved, and described expansion acting unit connection generator unit drives generator unit and generates electricity when described expansion acting unit moves.
The utility model also has following attached technical characteristics:
After the acting unit that expands, also be provided with the compression pump unit and after pressurization, flow into described hot-fluid boiler for liquid low boiling point working medium again for states of matter, form the periodic duty state; Or being provided with compression unit, the confession states of matter is that the low boiling point working medium of gaseous state flows into described hot-fluid boiler again, forms the periodic duty state; Or be provided with compression unit and compression pump unit, and promptly there is gaseous state also to have liquid low boiling point working medium to flow into described hot-fluid boiler again for states of matter, form the periodic duty state.
Described low boiling point working medium be under hot-fluid normal operation of boiler operating mode boiling point Celsius above freezing 99 ℃ to subzero 273 ℃ gas or liquid.
Described low boiling point working medium be one of following material or two or one of three or its mixture: the mixture of carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent thereof; Artificial synthesis gas such as eighteenth of the twenty series in the aqueous solution of the aqueous solution of nitrogen, air, helium, argon gas, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia, alcohols and alcohol, the fluorine; The compound of alkanes and alkanes and other materials; The compound of alkene class and alkene class and other materials; The compound of benzene class and benzene class and other materials.
Described low boiling point working medium is in described work cycle, and its states of matter is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, also can in gaseous state and liquid the conversion, produce with solid, and perhaps in whole circulation gaseous state.: comprise saturated gaseous state, cross hot gaseous, saturated air and overheated cyclostrophicization.
Described work cycle is a power generation cycle, and described power generation cycle can be one of following four basic power generation cycle:
The first basic power generation cycle, be take subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, acting unit, generator unit, liquid storage unit, compression pump unit expand; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, be converted into gaseous state by liquid state, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; The cooling after the acting of expanding of described low boiling point working medium becomes liquid state and enters described liquid storage unit, through getting back to hot-fluid boiler unit behind the compression pump unit, enters circulation once more;
The second basic power generation cycle, be adopt subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, acting unit, generator unit, gas-liquid separation unit, compression unit, compression pump unit expand; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, be converted into gaseous state by liquid state, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; The cooling after the acting of expanding of described low boiling point working medium becomes gas-liquid two-phase flow and enters described gas-liquid separation unit, described gaseous medium is converted into liquid state through behind the compression unit again, enter described hot-fluid boiler unit through secondary compression pump unit again after converging with liquid medium, enter circulation once more through one-level compression pump unit;
The 3rd basic power generation cycle is to take postcritical power generation cycle, comprises hot-fluid boiler unit, expansion acting unit, generator unit, compression unit, also can be provided with heat exchange unit; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is omnidistance gaseous state, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, temperature rising volumetric expansion, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; Described low boiling point working medium is a gaseous state after the acting of expanding, but the temperature and pressure reduction enters described hot-fluid boiler unit again after the compressed cell compression, enter circulation once more; Before described low boiling point working medium enters the hot-fluid boiler once more, can be provided with heat exchange unit, utilize external source that described low boiling point working medium is lowered the temperature;
The 4th basic power generation cycle is to take postcritical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, the acting unit that expands, generator unit, compression unit, from heat exchange unit; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is omnidistance gaseous state, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, temperature raises, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; Described low boiling point working medium is a gaseous state after the acting of expanding, but temperature and pressure reduces, enter compression unit, described low boiling point working medium utilizes after compression from heat exchange unit and realizes the low boiling point working medium that flows out described hot-fluid boiler is carried out heat exchange, thereby the temperature of reduction itself, enter described hot-fluid boiler unit again, enter circulation once more; Before described low boiling point working medium enters the hot-fluid boiler once more, also can be provided with heat exchange unit, utilize external source that described low boiling point working medium is lowered the temperature.
In described four kinds of basic power generation cycle, also comprise the cooling unit, constitute four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle respectively, be i.e. the first, second, third and the 4th generating-refrigeration combined cycle substantially.
In described four kinds of basic power generation cycle and the four kinds of basic generating-refrigeration combined cycle, also comprise the medium supplementary units respectively, also can comprise the leaking medium collector unit respectively;
Described medium supplementary units can have for liquid medium supplementary units or gaseous medium supplementary units or both;
In described first, second basic power generation cycle and first, second combined cycle of generating electricity substantially-freeze, described compression pump unit can be one-level pressurization or secondary compression pump unit.
Unit in described four kinds of basic power generation cycle is meant that described unit comprises that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.
Described low-grade heat flow power generation system comprises the circulation on two or two, and described circulation can be any two or more combination during described four kinds of basic power generation cycle and four kinds of basic generating and coolings circulate; By increasing the condensing unit after the acting unit that expands at last circuit or the cooling unit realization is connected with a back circuit, the low boiling point working medium in described condensing unit or cooling unit in a last circuit low boiling point working medium and the back circulation carries out heat exchange.
Described circuit expansion acting unit adopts a kind of or its combination of turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine, nozzle;
Turbo-expander can adopt axial flow, centrifugal or the two combination mixed-flow, and its blade can bear the promotion of single-phase gaseous state or single-phase liquid or two-phase flow liquid and gaseous state or three-phase gas attitude, liquid state and solid state medium and wash away; Turbo-expander can be made impulse, also can make reactionary style; Can be once to expand, but also repeatedly expand; Can be a decompressor, also many decompressors; The turbo wheel material, can be alloyed steel or aluminum alloy or titanium alloy, can be in the past several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy or titanium alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, or preceding several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, drops to use titanium alloy instead after a certain temperature or use titanium alloy earlier instead and use aluminum alloy again instead again, can spraying on base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance;
Described positive-displacement expansion engine can use piston-cylinder, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, eddy type, screw type, and described decompressor output shaft has two kinds of way of outputs; A kind of is a sending and receiving motor, and second kind is end connection generator, the other end connection compressor.
Described circuit gas compression unit can adopt axial flow, centrifugal, piston type single-stage or secondary or multistage compressor, can adopt the compressor more than and; Axial flow and centrifugal two compressors that are divided into, also can make one: preceding several grades for axial flow, back one-level or several grades are centrifugal, make medium approaching saturated after the compression, be compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again, also available turbine or positive displacement compressor directly are compressed into liquid state; Become liquid medium and be elevated to necessary pressure with centrifugal pump or displacement pump pressurization, in overcritical circulation, can be with cooler after every grade of compression, the water cooling of cooler available cycles, air cooling or the cooling of other media or use cryogenic gas cooling after expanding from last circulation vapour condenser;
Not enough or establish washing unit or cleaning apparatus at the hot-fluid boiler internal when the hot-fluid cleanliness what the hot-fluid boiler internal formed incrustation; When the hot-fluid cleanliness is not enough, before the hot-fluid boiler, establish purification plant; The hot-fluid boiler export is established the cold flow tapping equipment; Hot-fluid boiler export cold flow is established environment-friendly processing unit, as dedusting, desulfurization, fall COD, BOD device;
Described expansion acting unit and compression unit can be made of one, i.e. expansion compressor capable; The kind of described expansion compressor capable and pattern can be axial-flow turbine formula, centrifugal turbine-type, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type;
Unit, pipeline in the described low-grade heat flow power generation system taked the measure of heat-insulation and heat-preservation cold insulation, makes circulation become adiabatic circulation or approaching adiabatic circulation;
Seal means such as labyrinth seal, graphite grazing, medium-tight are adopted in the sealing of described expansion acting unit, compression unit, inflate compression unit.
The utility model also provides a kind of low-grade heat flow electricity-generating method, and it comprises the steps:
Adopt low boiling point working medium, make itself and low-grade heat flow generation heat exchange, described low boiling point working medium is converted into gaseous state by liquid state, and volumetric expansion, perhaps keeps gaseous state but temperature rising volumetric expansion;
Described low boiling point working medium is carried out puffing, can change into mechanical energy to pressure;
Temperature and pressure reduced after described low boiling point working medium expanded and does work,
When it is liquid state, after pressurization, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow again;
When it is gaseous state, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow again after compressed the boosting;
Described mechanical energy can change into electric energy through generator unit;
Above-mentioned steps forms circulation.
Above-mentioned electricity-generating method also has following feature:
Also comprise refrigeration step, after described refrigeration step can be arranged on the step of described low boiling point working medium and low-grade heat flow generation heat exchange, also can be arranged on described low boiling point working medium through behind the puffing once more with low-grade step of carrying out heat exchange before.
When low boiling point working medium take place to reduce, the step that medium is replenished; When low boiling point working medium take place to leak, the step that leakage is collected.
The heat exchange of described low boiling point working medium and low-grade heat flow occurs in the hot-fluid boiler;
Described hot-fluid boiler need not fuel provides heat, and its shell side is for low-grade heat flow body process, described warm
The tube side of stream boiler flows through for low boiling point working medium, realizes hot fluid and low boiling point working medium heat-shift;
Described low boiling point working medium be under hot-fluid normal operation of boiler operating mode boiling point Celsius above freezing 99 ℃ to subzero 273 ℃ gas and liquid substance; As one of following material or its combination in any:
The mixture of carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide and absorbing agent thereof;
Artificial synthesis gas such as eighteenth of the twenty series in the aqueous solution of the aqueous solution of nitrogen, air, helium, argon gas, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia, alcohols and alcohol, the fluorine;
Alkanes and with the compound of other materials;
The alkene class and with the compound of other materials;
The benzene class and with the compound of other materials.
According to low-grade heat flow power generation system and the method that the utility model provides, have following remarkable benefit:
1, the temperature of the flood tide that can not utilize now and discharge is used generating at the heat of 30 ℃ to 200 ℃ low-grade heat flow, can send the quite generated energy of more than one hundred million tons of standard coals every year, greatly alleviate the problem of power supply deficiency;
2, substitute part thermal power generation unit, reduce the construction of thermal power generation unit, reduce the use amount of coal, save cost of electricity-generating, economize on resources, reduce the consumption of recirculated cooling water;
3, avoid or the latent heat that reduces water vapor is dispersed in the atmosphere, slow down global warming.
Description of drawings:
The 1st kind of basic power generation cycle of Fig. 1, promptly subcritical, stride critical single cycle generating schematic flow sheet;
The 2nd kind of basic power generation cycle of Fig. 2, promptly another kind of subcritical, stride critical single cycle generating schematic flow sheet;
The 3rd kind of basic power generation cycle of Fig. 3, promptly overcritical single cycle generating schematic flow sheet;
The 4th kind of basic power generation cycle of Fig. 4, promptly another kind of overcritical single cycle generating flow process
The 1st kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle of Fig. 5, promptly subcritical, stride critical single cycle generating-refrigeration combined process flow schematic representation;
The 2nd kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle of Fig. 6, promptly another kind of subcritical, stride critical single cycle generating-refrigeration combined process flow schematic representation;
The 3rd kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle of Fig. 7, promptly overcritical single cycle generating-refrigeration combined process flow schematic representation;
The 4th kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle of Fig. 8, promptly overcritical single cycle generating-refrigeration combined process flow schematic representation;
A kind of pair of circulating generation flow process of Fig. 9, promptly the 1st kind of basic power generation cycle constitutes first circulation, and the 2nd kind of basic power generation cycle of sending out constitutes the second circuit schematic flow sheet;
The another kind of two circulating generation flow processs of Figure 10, promptly the 2nd basic power generation cycle constitutes first circulation and the second circuit schematic flow sheet respectively;
Another two circulating generation flow process of Figure 11, promptly first circulation is to be made of the 2nd kind of basic power generation cycle, second circulation is the schematic flow sheet of the 4th kind of basic power generation cycle;
The 4th kind of two circulating generation flow process first circulations of Figure 12 are that the 3rd kind of basic power generation cycle constitutes, second circulation is the 4th kind of schematic flow sheet that basic power generation cycle constitutes;
Two circulating generation flow processs first circulations of the 5th kind of Figure 13 be the 1st kind of supercritical generating circulation, second circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle schematic flow sheet;
The 6th kind of two circulating generation flow process of Figure 14, first circulation are that the 2nd kind of basic power generation cycle constitutes, and second circulation is the 3rd kind of schematic flow sheet that basic power generation cycle constitutes;
The 7th kind of two circulating generation flow process of Figure 15, first circulation are that the 2nd kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes, second circulation is the 2nd kind of schematic flow sheet that basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes;
The 8th kind of two circulating generation flow process of Figure 16, first circulation are that the 2nd kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes, and second circulation is the 3rd a kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle schematic flow sheet;
The 9th kind of two circulating generation flow process of Figure 17, first circulation are that the 2nd kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes, second circulation is the 4th kind of schematic flow sheet that basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes;
The 10th kind of two circulating generation of Figure 18-refrigeration combined cycle first circulation is that the 1st kind of basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes, second circulation is the 4th kind of schematic flow sheet that basic generating-refrigeration cycle constitutes;
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further detailed:
Referring to one: the a kind of basic power generation cycle of figure, adopt one of low boiling point working medium as carbon dioxide, in the tube side of hot-fluid boiler unit 1, self gasify after the above-mentioned low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature absorbs shell side hot-fluid heat, entering the acting unit 2 back puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote the 2 movement parts motion acting of expansion acting unit, drive generator unit 3 generatings, the low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature, all is liquefied as liquid, enters storage liquid unit 4.Be pressurized to subcritical or critical through compression pump unit 5 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler unit 1 tube side and does once more circulation.Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, be illustrated as and before compression pump 5, establish liquid medium supplementary units 6, or behind hot-fluid boiler unit 1, establish 7 pairs of leakage loss media of gaseous medium supplementary units and replenish, for saving the medium consumption, if leaking medium gathering-device 8 is collected leaking medium, utilize again after the collection.The medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
This locates described unit, comprise that main frame, supplementary equipment, instrument and control etc. are whole, as safety installations, pressure, temperature, flow, rotating speed etc. show and control with a distant place on the spot, each unit can be several unit serial or parallel connections, comprise the pump body such as the compression pump unit, the link of pump, the work system of entire pump such as instrumentation and control circuit, it also can be the serial or parallel connection of the work system of several pumps, generator unit comprises the generator body, the measurement of temperature of rotor, rotor speed and Displaying Meter, control circuit, security alarm device etc.
Referring to Fig. 2: Fig. 2 is the 2nd kind of basic power generation cycle, adopt the mixture of low boiling point working medium such as carbon dioxide gas and its absorbing agent acetone, in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, after absorbing shell side hot-fluid heat, the low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature self gasifies, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote expansion acting unit motion spare motion acting, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of gaseous state low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature, part is that liquid condition partly is a gaseous state, enter gas-liquid separation unit 5, isolated gas enters compression unit 4 and is compressed into liquid, flowing out compression unit and one-level compression pump unit 6 outlet liquid afterwards converges, isolated liquid flows out from separative element 5 liquid outlets, be pressurized to through one-level compression pump unit 6 and identically with compression unit 4 outlet pressures converge, be pressurized to subcritical or critical through secondary compression pump unit 7 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle with compression unit outlet liquid.Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, between one-level compression pump unit 6 and secondary compression pump unit 7, establish liquid low boiling point working medium supplementary units 8 as shown, or between hot-fluid boiler unit and expansion acting unit, establish 9 pairs of systems of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish medium.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 10 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.
Because low boiling point working medium expand into saturation temperature or near saturated, being compressed into merit that liquid consumes, to account for the ratio of whole expansion work very little.To make low boiling point working medium of carbon dioxide is example, suppose from 7.372Mpa and expand into 0Mpa, just be liquefied as liquid as long as be compressed to triple point pressure 0.5179Mpa, be pumped to 7.372Mpa again, the useful work of obtaining is that expansion work and system effectiveness long-pending subtracts merit and the loss that compression work deducts the lifting fluid pressure of water pump again.The low boiling point working medium mass flow rate is identical, and the liquid low boiling point working medium expands after having absorbed energy again, and pressure reduction is identical with lift, and the expansion work of gas is much larger than the merit of boosting of liquid, so can obtain considerable useful work.
When gaseous state second medium is expanded directly to liquid state, as shown in Figure 1, then saved the compression work of compression unit and gas, the benefit that obtains is bigger.
The medium that merit is finished in expansion is gaseous state also, and temperature is little hot excessively near saturation temperature, easily is compressed into liquid by compressor.The advantage of doing like this is the impact that there is not drop in decompressor, and making and life-span are long easily.
When adopting overcritical circulation time, promptly no liquid produces in the circulation, and medium is being crossed hot operation all the time.Gas-liquid separator, one-level pump, two stage pump are removed in this kind circulation, increase gas cooler, take one-level compression one-level cooling or multistage compression, multistage cooling to reduce compression work according to medium compression operating mode, obtain useful work to greatest extent.
Referring to Fig. 3, adopt low boiling point working medium such as ammonia, in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, the gaseous state low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature absorbs temperature rising volumetric expansion behind the shell side hot-fluid heat, enters acting unit 2 puffings that expand, and can change into the kinetic energy acting unit motion spare motion acting that promotes to expand to pressure, acting unit 2 output shafts connection generator unit, 3 input shafts expand, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to little superheat temperature, enters compression unit 4.Be compressed to supercritical pressure and enter cooling unit 6, go out cooling unit after the cooling and advance hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and do secondary cycle.If the gas temperature rise is big in the compression, establish the gas cooling in 5 pairs of compression processes of intercooler unit: the gas in the compression process flows out into intercooler unit 5 coolings from the compression unit one-level, enters the compression unit next stage again and continues compression.For replenishing loss, establish 7 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of medium supplementary units and replenish.When being designed to portable supplementary device, do additional by replenishing interface, comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, for saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish leaking medium gathering-device 8 and collect the leakage low boiling point working medium, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
Referring to Fig. 4, adopt low boiling point working medium such as ethylene gas, in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, temperature rising volumetric expansion behind the gaseous state low boiling point working medium absorption shell side hot-fluid heat of high pressure low temperature, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into the motion acting that kinetic energy promotes expansion acting unit motion spare to pressure, acting unit 2 output shafts connection generator unit, 3 input shafts expand, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to little superheat temperature, enters compression unit 4.Being compressed to supercritical pressure advances hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle.For replenishing loss, establish 7 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish.When being designed to portable supplementary device, sweeping mouth and do low boiling point working medium and replenish by replenishing, comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, for saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, collect the leakage low boiling point working medium if leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 8, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.Being located at evaporation unit 9 from heat exchange unit and expanding between the acting unit 10.Lower the temperature to improve the degree of vacuum of the first circulation vapour condenser to compressing the higher gas of back temperature with the gas that the relative temperature of coming out from the first circulation vapour condenser is lower.The gas temperature that the first circulation vapour condenser that raises simultaneously comes out, the acting ability of raising decompressor.
When adopt single cycle can not absorbed heat energy change into mechanical energy fully and then change into electric energy, or flow scheme design needs, and establishes second circulation and continues Conversion of energy.The 3rd circulation is formed basic with second medium circulation, but the boiling point of the medium that uses is lower than the medium boiling point of the second circulation usefulness.Because the second circular work amount is big, the high-power turbo-expander that is more suitable for must solve the anti-drop of several grade blades in back and wash away when adopting subcritical and striding critical cycle.If adopting overcritical circulation then can avoid drop washes away.For the latent heat of the first circulating water steam is changed into electric energy as much as possible, adopting the 3rd circulation to continue Conversion of energy is one of way.
Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14 are six kinds in two circulating generation path combinations, and other combinations are not also enumerated one by one.Bicirculating first circulation is with on four kinds of single cycles generating process bases, and is subcritical, stride critical cycle increased the condensing unit behind the acting unit that expands, and overcritically increased cooling unit after circulating in the acting unit that expands.With Fig. 9 is example, first circulation be the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, second circulation be the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, be described as follows:
The first circulation cyclic process is: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, adopt the mixture of low boiling point working medium such as carbon dioxide and absorbing agent N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-, after absorbing shell side hot-fluid heat, the liquid low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature self gasifies, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote the 2 movement parts motion acting of expansion acting unit, drive generator unit 3 generatings, the low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to saturation temperature, enter the first condensing unit 4, heat is passed to the second circulation low boiling point working medium be condensed into liquid and enter the first storage liquid unit 5, be pressurized to subcritical or critical through the first compression pump unit 6 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle.Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, be illustrated as and before compression pump 6, establish liquid low boiling point working medium supplementary units 7, or behind hot-fluid boiler unit 1, establish 8 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish, for saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, collect the leakage low boiling point working medium if leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 9, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
The second circulation cyclic process is: high pressure and more gasifying behind the second circulation low boiling point working medium of low temperature such as air absorbs the first circulation low boiling point working medium in second evaporation unit the heat, volumetric expansion enters the second acting unit that expands can be transformed into the kinetic energy acting unit motion spare motion that promotes to expand to pressure, kinetic energy is changed into mechanical energy, and the acting unit that expands drives the rotation of generator unit rotor mechanical energy is changed into electric energy.Low boiling point working medium acting back pressure and temp, temperature is reduced to condensing temperature, part is that liquid partly is gas, enter gas-liquid separation unit 14, isolated gas enters compression unit 13 and is compressed into liquid and goes out compression unit 13 and converge with one-level compression pump unit 15 outlet liquid, isolated liquid flows out from separative element 15 liquid outlets, be pressurized to through one-level compression pump unit 15 and identically with compression unit 13 outlet pressures converge, be pressurized to subcritical or critical through secondary compression pump unit 16 again even supercritical pressure enters the second evaporation unit tube side and does secondary cycle with compression unit outlet liquid.Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, between one-level compression pump unit 15 and secondary compression pump unit 16, establish liquid low boiling point working medium supplementary units 17 as shown, or between hot-fluid boiler unit and expansion acting unit, establish 18 pairs of systems of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish medium.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 19 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
The utility model is mainly used in the increase generated energy, but also can provide cold simultaneously, i.e. generating-refrigeration combined cycle.Way is 1, hot-fluid boiler export cold flow provides gross reserves, 2, cold rank as required, in second circulation, the suitable link of the 3rd circuit, increase one or more heat exchanger, and promptly provide cold to the medium cooling that extracts cold.This moment, circulation became generating-refrigeration combined cycle.
Among Figure 10: the position corresponding relation of each label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first air-water separation unit, 7 first one-level compression pump unit, 8 first secondary compression pump unit, 9 first liquid medium supplementary units, 10 first gaseous medium supplementary units, 11 first reveal the medium collection unit, 12 second evaporation units, 13 second expansion acting unit, 14 second generator units, 15 second compression units, 16 second air-water separation unit, 17 second one-level compression pump unit, 18 second secondary compression pump unit, 19 second liquid medium supplementary units, 20 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 21 second reveal the medium collection unit;
Among Figure 11: the position corresponding relation of each label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first air-water separation unit, 7 first one-level compression pump unit, 8 first secondary compression pump unit, 9 first liquid medium supplementary units, 10 first gaseous medium supplementary units, 11 first reveal the medium collection unit, 12 second evaporation units, 13 second expansion acting unit, 14 second generator units, 15 second compression units, 16 second from heat exchange unit, 17 second medium supplementary units, and 18 second reveal the medium collection unit;
Among Figure 12: the position corresponding relation of each label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first cooling unit, 6 second cooling unit, 7 first medium supplementary units, 8 first reveal medium collection unit, 9 second evaporation units, 10 second expansion acting unit, 11 second generator units, 12 second compression units, 13 second from heat exchange unit, 14 second medium supplementary units, 15 second reveal the medium collection unit;
Among Figure 13: the position corresponding relation of each label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first cooling unit, 6 second cooling unit, 7 first medium supplementary units, 8 first reveal the medium collection unit, 9 second evaporation units, 10 second expansion acting unit, 11 second generator units, 12 second compression units, 13 second air-water separation unit, 14 second one-level compression pump unit, 15 second secondary compression pump unit, 16 second liquid medium supplementary units, 17 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 18 second reveal the medium collection unit;
Among Figure 14: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first air-water separation unit, 7 first one-level compression pump unit, 8 first secondary compression pump unit, 9 first liquid medium supplementary units, 10 first gaseous medium supplementary units, 11 first reveal the medium collection unit, 12 second evaporation units, 13 second expansion acting unit, 14 second generator units, 15 second compression units, 16 second medium supplementary units, 17 second reveal the medium collection unit.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Figure 8 shows that single cycle generating-refrigeration cycle flow process, division is as follows
Fig. 5: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, after absorbing shell side hot-fluid heat, the liquid low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature self gasifies, enter low boiling point working medium expansion acting unit 2 puffings, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote the 2 movement parts motion acting of expansion acting unit, drive generator unit 3 generatings, the low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature, all is liquefied as liquid, enters storage liquid unit 4.Be pressurized to subcritical or critical through compression pump unit 5 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the hot-fluid boiler generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down, be located between compression pump unit and the hot-fluid boiler or the hot-fluid boiler does work between the unit with expansion as figure cooling unit 6.
Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, be illustrated as and before compression pump 5, establish liquid low boiling point working medium supplementary units 7, or behind hot-fluid boiler unit 1, establish 8 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish, for saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, collect the leakage low boiling point working medium if leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 9, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
Fig. 6: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, after absorbing shell side hot-fluid heat, the liquid low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature self gasifies, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote expansion acting unit motion spare motion acting, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to condensing temperature, part is that liquid partly is gas, enter gas-liquid separation unit 5, isolated gas enters compression unit 4 and is compressed into liquid and goes out compression unit and one-level compression pump unit 6 outlet liquid and converge, isolated liquid flows out from separative element 5 liquid outlets, be pressurized to through one-level compression pump unit 6 and identically with compression unit 4 outlet pressures converge, be pressurized to subcritical or critical through secondary compression pump unit 7 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle with compression unit outlet liquid.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the hot-fluid boiler generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down.Be located between compression pump unit and the hot-fluid boiler or hot-fluid boiler and expanding between the acting unit as figure cooling unit 8.
Comprehensively consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, between one-level compression pump unit 6 and secondary compression pump unit 7, establish liquid low boiling point working medium supplementary units 9 as shown, or between hot-fluid boiler unit and expansion acting unit, establish 10 pairs of systems of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish medium.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 11 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
Fig. 7: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, temperature rising volumetric expansion behind the gaseous state low boiling point working medium absorption shell side hot-fluid heat of high pressure low temperature, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote expansion acting unit motion spare motion acting, acting unit 2 output shafts connection generator unit, 3 input shafts expand, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to little superheat temperature, enters compression unit 4.Being compressed to supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the hot-fluid boiler generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down.Be located between expand acting unit and the hot-fluid boiler or the hot-fluid boiler does work between the unit with expansion as figure cooling unit 5.
For replenishing loss, establish 6 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish.When being designed to portable supplementary device, sweeping mouth and do low boiling point working medium and replenish, to consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium comprehensively and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point by replenishing.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 7 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
Fig. 8: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, temperature rising volumetric expansion behind the gaseous state low boiling point working medium absorption shell side hot-fluid heat of high pressure low temperature, enter acting unit 2 puffings that expand, can change into the motion acting that kinetic energy promotes expansion acting unit motion spare to pressure, acting unit 2 output shafts connection generator unit, 3 input shafts expand, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to little superheat temperature, enters compression unit 4.Be compressed to supercritical pressure and enter, come from heat exchange unit after the cooling and advance hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and do secondary cycle from heat exchange unit 5.If the gas temperature rise is big in the compression, establish the gas cooling in 5 pairs of compression processes of intercooler unit: the gas in the compression flows out into intercooler unit cooling from the compression unit one-level, enters the compression unit next stage again and continues compression.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the hot-fluid boiler generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down.Be located at the hot-fluid boiler and between the heat exchange unit or expand between acting unit and the compression unit as figure cooling unit 6.
For replenishing loss, establish 7 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish.When being designed to portable supplementary device, sweeping mouth and do low boiling point working medium and replenish, to consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium comprehensively and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point by replenishing.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 8 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.This locates described unit, comprises that main frame, supplementary equipment, instrument and control etc. are whole, and as safety installations, pressure, temperature, flow, rotating speed etc. show and control with a distant place that on the spot each unit can be several unit serial or parallel connections.Being located at evaporation unit 9 from heat exchange unit and expanding between the acting unit 10.Lower the temperature to improve the degree of vacuum of the first circulation vapour condenser to compressing the higher gas of back temperature with the gas that the relative temperature of coming out from the first circulation vapour condenser is lower.The gas temperature that the first circulation vapour condenser that raises simultaneously comes out, the acting ability of raising decompressor.
Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18 are four kinds of modes among the two circulation combinations of generating-refrigeration.With Figure 16 is that example is described as follows:
First circulation is: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, the liquid low boiling point working medium of high pressure low temperature absorbs behind the shell side hot-fluid heat self gasification volumetric expansion, enter the acting unit 2 puffings acting of expanding, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote expansion acting unit motion spare motion acting, drive generator unit 3 generatings, drive 4 pairs of low boiling point working medium compressions of compression unit simultaneously, or drag compression unit separately with motor.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to saturated or near saturation temperature, enter the first condensing unit 5, heat is passed to behind the second circulation low boiling point working medium all condensations or major part is that liquid enters gas-liquid separation unit 6, isolated gas enters compression unit 4 and is compressed into liquid and goes out compression unit and one-level compression pump unit 6 outlet liquid and converge, isolated liquid flows out from separative element 5 liquid outlets, be pressurized to through one-level compression pump unit 7 and identically with compression unit 4 outlet pressures converge, be pressurized to subcritical or critical through secondary compression pump unit 8 again even supercritical pressure enters hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side and does secondary cycle with its outlet liquid.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the hot-fluid boiler generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down.Be located between compression pump unit and the hot-fluid boiler or hot-fluid boiler and expanding between the acting unit as figure cooling unit 9.
For replenishing loss, establish 7 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of gaseous state low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish.When being designed to portable supplementary device, sweeping mouth and do low boiling point working medium and replenish, to consider to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium comprehensively and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point by replenishing.For saving the low boiling point working medium consumption, establish and leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 8 collection leakage low boiling point working mediums, utilize again after the collection.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
This locates described unit, comprises that main frame, supplementary equipment, instrument and control etc. are whole, and as safety installations, pressure, temperature, flow, rotating speed etc. show and control with a distant place that on the spot each unit can be several unit serial or parallel connections.
Second circulation is: in hot-fluid boiler 1 tube side, temperature rising volumetric expansion behind gaseous state second low boiling point working medium absorption shell side hot-fluid heat of high pressure low temperature, enter acting unit 14 puffings that expand, can change into kinetic energy to pressure and promote the 14 movement parts motion acting of expansion acting unit, acting unit 14 output shafts connection generator unit, 15 input shafts expand, drive generator unit 15 generatings, drive 16 pairs of low pressure low boiling point working medium compressions from the acting unit that expands of compression unit simultaneously, compression unit 16 also available motor drags separately.The low boiling point working medium temperature of finishing merit is reduced to little superheat temperature, enters compression unit 16.Being compressed to supercritical pressure enters second evaporation unit, 13 tube sides and does secondary cycle.
Cold flow point generally is lower than normal temperature, and cold can be provided; Circulatory system temperature especially expand the acting unit to the temperature between the evaporation unit generally subzero, according to the cold needs and guarantee that cycling condition determines to provide quantity and the temperature rank and the chosen position of cold down.As figure be located between compression unit and the evaporation unit or evaporation unit and expansion acting unit between.
For replenishing loss, establish 18 pairs of leakage loss low boiling point working mediums of low boiling point working medium supplementary units and replenish.Comprehensively considering to replenish pressure, the states of matter of low boiling point working medium and obtain benefit as far as possible and wait until that factor chooses auxiliary point, is to save the low boiling point working medium consumption, establishes to leak low boiling point working medium gathering-device 19 and collect and leak low boiling point working mediums, utilizes after the collection again.The low boiling point working medium supplementary device can be designed to fixed or portable, only does interface when being designed to movable type in system, also can not establish supplementary device according to flow scheme design, and leakage device can not established yet.
Among Figure 15, the position of label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first air-water separation unit, 7 first one-level compression pump unit, 8 first secondary compression pump unit, 9 first cooling unit, 10 first liquid medium supplementary units, 11 first gaseous medium supplementary units, 12 first reveal the medium collection unit, 13 second evaporation units, 14 second expansion cells, 15 second generator units, 16 second compression units, 17 second air-water separation unit, 18 second one-level compression pump unit, 19 second secondary compression pump unit, 20 second cooling unit, 21 second liquid medium supplementary units, 22 second gaseous medium supplementary units, 23 second leaking medium collector units.
Among Figure 17, the position of label indication is: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion acting unit, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first air-water separation unit, 7 first one-level compression pump unit, 8 first secondary compression pump unit, 9 first cooling unit, 10 first liquid medium supplementary units, 11 first gaseous medium supplementary units, 12 first leaking medium collector units, 13 second evaporation units, 14 second expansion cells, 15 second generator units, 16 second compression units, 17 second from heat exchange unit, 18 second cooling unit, 19 second medium supplementary units, 20 second reveal the medium collection unit.
Among Figure 18, label for the position be: 1 hot-fluid boiler unit, 2 first expansion cells, 3 first generator units, 4 first compression units, 5 first cooling unit, 6 first cooling unit, 7 first medium supplementary units, 8 first leaking medium collector units, 9 second evaporation units, 10 second expansion cells, 11 second generator units, 12 second compression units, 13 second from heat exchange unit, 14 second cooling unit, 15 second medium supplementary units, 16 second leaking medium collector units.
Other circulations are not described in detail one by one.
No matter be more than two circulations or three circulations or three circulate, no matter to be power generation cycle or generating-refrigeration combined cycle, all can be according to needs by basic circulation and remodeling combination in any thereof.Two circulation Title portions of connecing establish last circulation condensing unit or the promptly back circuit evaporation unit of sub-cooling unit, when last circulation is also will establish the compression pump unit when striding critical cycle.
Second circulatory mediator and the 3rd circulatory mediator gasification back state has following various state: 1. saturation state; 2. cross hot; 3. subcritical attitude; 4. critical state; 5. supercritical state.Five kinds of state acting abilities strengthen successively, and acting back temperature is even lower successively, is easier to compression, and promptly the compression work of Xiao Haoing is littler.
Second circulation and the 3rd circulation and the above many circulations of three circulations, the media expansion process has following mode: 1, once expand; 2, secondary and repeatedly expansion; 3, each expansion can be an one-level; 4, each expansion can be multistage.
First circulation, second circulation and period are decompressors greater than multicycle core of two, and its kind has:
1, turbo-expander: comprise axial flow, the centrifugal and built-up shaft heart mixed-flow of wandering about as a refugee.A kind of expansion overall process all is a gaseous state, and blade only bears the promotion of gas.Second kind of expansion is that last number grade blade can bear partial liquefaction and all liquefaction even impacts that solid particle medium is arranged to saturation temperature or two-phase point, triple point temperature.Turbine can be made impulsion (impact) formula, also can make reaction (counterattack) formula.The turbo wheel material can be alloyed steel and aluminum alloy.Also can before several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature; Can spraying outside base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance;
2, positive-displacement expansion engine: comprise piston-cylinder, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, eddy type, screw type.Positive-displacement expansion engine is lower than turbine engine to the susceptibility of drop.
3, nozzle;
4, adopt the combination of turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine and nozzle.
Reduce temperature and the desirable following flow process of compression:
1, gaseous medium expansion direct liquefaction becomes liquid, and liquid medium pumps up, and enters hot-fluid boiler or evaporation unit again, as the 1st kind subcritical, stride critical cycle;
2, gaseous medium expand into saturation state, promptly there is liquid that gas is arranged again even small amount of solid is arranged, be two-phase flow or three-phase stream, through gas-liquid separation, isolated liquid pumps up, isolated gas adds with compression unit and is pressed into liquid, and the two enters hot-fluid boiler or evaporation unit with the pressurization of secondary compression pump again, as the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical cycle;
3, gaseous medium is still gas after expanding, but near saturation temperature, purpose is to reduce to greatest extent
Compression work is compressed into liquid by compressor at an easy rate, continues pressurization with pump again, enters hot-fluid boiler or evaporation unit after boosting, as the 2nd kind subcritical, stride critical cycle;
4, gaseous medium is still gas after expanding, but near saturation temperature, purpose is to reduce compression work to greatest extent, is compressed cell compression and sends into hot-fluid boiler unit or last circulation cooling unit, as the 1st kind of overcritical circulation;
5, gaseous medium is still gas after expanding and doing work, and the degree of superheat is higher, but designs the temperature eventually that expands according to requirements of process, reduces compression work as far as possible.With after the compression unit pressurization as required with air or recirculated cooling water (brackish water) or another medium cooling to design load, can also be to gas cooling in the middle of compression unit is done in compression, compression ends and enters hot-fluid boiler unit or last circuit cooling unit, as the 1st kind and the 2nd kind of overcritical circulation.
Compression and cooling sum of series number of times, no matter be subcritical, stride critically or overcritical, all can be designed to one or more levels compression according to dielectric property, the one or many compression does not have the cooling of cooling or one-level (inferior) or multistage (inferior) cooling.
The compressor kind: compressor can be turbine-type and positive displacement, and turbine-type can be axial flow, centrifugal and axial flow, centrifugal mixed-flow, promptly before several grades be axial flow, back one-level or several grades are made centrifugal.Can reciprocating type (comprising piston type, inclined disc type), eddy type, sliding vane, rolling-piston-type, screw type in the positive displacement.Turbocompressor impeller or blade surface can spray, brushing or other materials of sintering.
Compression process can be compressed to medium near saturated with turbine, is compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again.Also available turbine directly is compressed into liquid state, or only is compressed into liquid state with positive displacement.Become liquid medium and be elevated to necessary pressure with centrifugal pump or positive displacement pump pressurization.
Axle envelope, housing seal and system and the line seal of second circulation and the 3rd circuit decompressor and compressor adopt existing ripe sealing technique, prevent dielectric leakage.
Decompressor removes drawing generator, also can drag compressor simultaneously, and is similar to present gas turbine group.The end that promptly expands connection generator, the other end connection compressor.
Expansion compressor capable kind: decompressor and compressor are made of one.Kind has: axial flow, centrifugal, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type etc.
For replenishing leakage loss, establish second circulation and the 3rd circulatory mediator and replenish mouth and supplementary device.The position that replenishes mouthful, when adopting liquid medium to replenish, be located at secondary compression pump unit before or before the evaporation unit.Basis is replenished the pressure of medium when adopting gaseous medium additional, the pressure before the decompressor air inlet is located at the suitable energy that replenishes, do not waste additional medium and obtains the maximum generation ability again or the place of exerting oneself.
Because first and second medium circulation are to move at low temperatures, need the insulation cold insulation, make to circulate near adiabatic circulation or be exactly adiabatic the circulation.
The foregoing description is the usefulness of explanation the utility model only, and is not to be to restriction of the present utility model, and the those of ordinary skill in relevant field on this basis, can also be made numerous variations and improvement project, and not break away from spirit of the present utility model and protection domain.In these claims, wish to have comprised all these changes and the improvement project that meets the utility model essence and scope.
Claims (10)
1. a low-grade heat flow power generation system is characterized in that: comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, expansion acting unit, generator unit;
Described hot-fluid boiler unit comprises the hot-fluid boiler, and described hot-fluid boiler need not fuel provides heat, and its shell side is for low-grade heat flow body process, and the tube side of described hot-fluid boiler flows through for low boiling point working medium, realizes hot fluid and low boiling point working medium heat-shift;
Temperature raises behind the heat of described low boiling point working medium absorption hot fluid, entering the acting unit that expands then it is moved, and described expansion acting unit connection generator unit drives generator unit and generates electricity when described expansion acting unit moves.
2. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: after the acting unit that expands,
Also be provided with the compression pump unit and after pressurization, flow into described hot-fluid boiler for liquid low boiling point working medium again, form the periodic duty state for states of matter;
Or being provided with compression unit, the confession states of matter is that the low boiling point working medium of gaseous state flows into described hot-fluid boiler again, forms the periodic duty state;
Or be provided with compression unit and compression pump unit, and promptly there is gaseous state also to have liquid low boiling point working medium to flow into described hot-fluid boiler again for states of matter, form the periodic duty state.
3. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described low boiling point working medium be under hot-fluid normal operation of boiler operating mode boiling point Celsius above freezing 99 ℃ to subzero 273 ℃ gas or liquid.
4. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described low boiling point working medium is in described work cycle, its states of matter is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, also can in gaseous state and liquid the conversion, produce with solid, in whole circulation, be gaseous state perhaps, comprise saturated gaseous state, cross hot gaseous, saturated air and overheated cyclostrophicization.
5. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described work cycle is a power generation cycle, and described power generation cycle can be one of following four basic power generation cycle:
The first basic power generation cycle, be take subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, acting unit, generator unit, liquid storage unit, compression pump unit expand; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, be converted into gaseous state by liquid state, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; The cooling after the acting of expanding of described low boiling point working medium becomes liquid state and enters described liquid storage unit, through getting back to hot-fluid boiler unit behind the compression pump unit, enters circulation once more;
The second basic power generation cycle, be adopt subcritical, stride critical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, acting unit, generator unit, gas-liquid separation unit, compression unit, compression pump unit expand; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is gaseous state and liquid mutual conversion, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, be converted into gaseous state by liquid state, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; The cooling after the acting of expanding of described low boiling point working medium becomes gas-liquid two-phase flow and enters described gas-liquid separation unit, described gaseous medium is converted into liquid state through behind the compression unit again, enter described hot-fluid boiler unit through secondary compression pump unit again after converging with liquid medium, enter circulation once more through one-level compression pump unit;
The 3rd basic power generation cycle is to take postcritical power generation cycle, comprises hot-fluid boiler unit, expansion acting unit, generator unit, compression unit, also can be provided with heat exchange unit; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is omnidistance gaseous state, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, temperature rising volumetric expansion, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; Described low boiling point working medium is a gaseous state after the acting of expanding, but the temperature and pressure reduction enters described hot-fluid boiler unit again after the compressed cell compression, enter circulation once more; Before described low boiling point working medium enters the hot-fluid boiler once more, can be provided with heat exchange unit, utilize external source that described low boiling point working medium is lowered the temperature;
The 4th basic power generation cycle is to take postcritical power generation cycle, comprise hot-fluid boiler unit, the acting unit that expands, generator unit, compression unit, from heat exchange unit; Described low boiling point working medium states of matter in the course of the work is omnidistance gaseous state, after described low boiling point working medium enters hot-fluid boiler unit, carry out heat exchange with low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of low-grade heat flow, temperature raises, entering the acting unit that expands afterwards makes it produce motion, motion by described expansion acting unit drives the generator unit generating, realizes heat energy is converted into electric energy through mechanical energy; Described low boiling point working medium is a gaseous state after the acting of expanding, but temperature and pressure reduces, enter compression unit, described low boiling point working medium utilizes after compression from heat exchange unit and realizes the low boiling point working medium that flows out described hot-fluid boiler is carried out heat exchange, thereby the temperature of reduction itself, enter described hot-fluid boiler unit again, enter circulation once more; Before described low boiling point working medium enters the hot-fluid boiler once more, also can be provided with heat exchange unit, utilize external source that described low boiling point working medium is lowered the temperature.
6. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that:
In described four kinds of basic power generation cycle, also comprise the cooling unit, constitute four kinds of generating-refrigeration combined cycle respectively, be i.e. the first, second, third and the 4th generating-refrigeration combined cycle substantially.
7. as claim 5 or 6 described low-grade heat flow power generation systems, it is characterized in that: in described four kinds of basic power generation cycle and the four kinds of basic generating-refrigeration combined cycle, also comprise the medium supplementary units respectively, also can comprise the leaking medium collector unit respectively;
Described medium supplementary units can have for liquid medium supplementary units or gaseous medium supplementary units or both;
In described first, second basic power generation cycle and first, second combined cycle of generating electricity substantially-freeze, described compression pump unit can be one-level pressurization or secondary compression pump unit;
Unit in described four kinds of basic power generation cycle is meant that described unit comprises that body equipment and accessory, parts, element, connection and instrument and control are all.
8. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described low-grade heat flow power generation system comprises the circulation on two or two, and described circulation can be any two or more combination during described four kinds of basic power generation cycle and four kinds of basic generating and coolings circulate; By increasing the condensing unit after the acting unit that expands at last circuit or the cooling unit realization is connected with a back circuit, the low boiling point working medium in described condensing unit or cooling unit in a last circuit low boiling point working medium and the back circulation carries out heat exchange.
9. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:
Described circuit expansion acting unit adopts a kind of or its combination of turbo-expander, positive-displacement expansion engine, nozzle;
Turbo-expander can adopt axial flow, centrifugal or the two combination mixed-flow, and its blade can bear the promotion of single-phase gaseous state or single-phase liquid or two-phase flow liquid and gaseous state or three-phase gas attitude, liquid state and solid state medium and wash away; Turbo-expander can be made impulse, also can make reactionary style; Can be once to expand, but also repeatedly expand; Can be a decompressor, also many decompressors; The turbo wheel material, can be alloyed steel or aluminum alloy or titanium alloy, can be in the past several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy or titanium alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, or preceding several grades be alloyed steel, medium is used aluminum alloy instead after dropping to a certain temperature, drops to use titanium alloy instead after a certain temperature or use titanium alloy earlier instead and use aluminum alloy again instead again, can spraying on base material, brushing or sintered wear-resistant decrease or wear-resistant and anti-washing away or wear-resistant and anti-washing away and corrosion resistant substance;
Described positive-displacement expansion engine can use piston-cylinder, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, eddy type, screw type, and described decompressor output shaft has two kinds of way of outputs; A kind of is a sending and receiving motor, and second kind is end connection generator, the other end connection compressor.
10. low-grade heat flow power generation system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described circuit gas compression unit can adopt axial flow, centrifugal, piston type single-stage or secondary or multistage compressor, can adopt the compressor more than and; Axial flow and centrifugal two compressors that are divided into, also can make one: preceding several grades for axial flow, back one-level or several grades are centrifugal, make medium approaching saturated after the compression, be compressed into liquid state with positive displacement compressor again, also available turbine or positive displacement compressor directly are compressed into liquid state; Become liquid medium and be elevated to necessary pressure with centrifugal pump or displacement pump pressurization, in overcritical circulation, can be with cooler after every grade of compression, the water cooling of cooler available cycles, air cooling or the cooling of other media or use cryogenic gas cooling after expanding from last circulation vapour condenser;
Described expansion acting unit and compression unit can be made of one, i.e. expansion compressor capable; The kind of described expansion compressor capable and pattern can be axial-flow turbine formula, centrifugal turbine-type, the centrifugal mixed-flow of axial flow, reciprocating piston type, rolling-piston-type, swing-rotor type, sliding vane, screw type, hinged vane type;
Unit, pipeline in the described low-grade heat flow power generation system taked the measure of heat-insulation and heat-preservation cold insulation, makes circulation become adiabatic circulation or approaching adiabatic circulation;
Seal means such as labyrinth seal, graphite grazing, medium-tight are adopted in the sealing of described expansion acting unit, compression unit, inflate compression unit.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011011983A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Wang Shiying | Low grade heat flow prime motor, low grade heat flow generating system and generating method thereof |
| CN102094687A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-06-15 | 郭富强 | Heat circulating device |
| CN102146814A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-08-10 | 罗良宜 | Supercritical low temperature air power generation device |
| CN102435000A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-05-02 | 西安交通大学 | Solar energy system combined cooling and electricity based on ammonia water mixed refrigerant |
| CN103147812A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 上海西重所重型机械成套有限公司 | Screw expander type flue gas waste heat power generation device |
| CN108397936A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of Combined cold-heat-power supplying circulation system and method |
| CN110397482A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-01 | 党为民 | A Method to Solve the Heat Pollution of Industrial Warm Drainage |
| TWI723642B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-04-01 | 哈伯精密股份有限公司 | Cooling device |
| CN112760107A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-07 | 邢台旭阳科技有限公司 | Coke quenching steam power generation system |
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- 2009-07-31 CN CN2009201672157U patent/CN201546768U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011011983A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Wang Shiying | Low grade heat flow prime motor, low grade heat flow generating system and generating method thereof |
| CN102094687A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-06-15 | 郭富强 | Heat circulating device |
| CN102094687B (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-03-12 | 郭富强 | Heat circulating device |
| CN102146814A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-08-10 | 罗良宜 | Supercritical low temperature air power generation device |
| CN102435000A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-05-02 | 西安交通大学 | Solar energy system combined cooling and electricity based on ammonia water mixed refrigerant |
| CN103147812A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 上海西重所重型机械成套有限公司 | Screw expander type flue gas waste heat power generation device |
| CN103147812B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2016-03-30 | 上海西重所重型机械成套有限公司 | A kind of screw expander formula flue gas waste heat power generation device |
| CN108397936A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of Combined cold-heat-power supplying circulation system and method |
| CN108397936B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-03-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of Combined cold-heat-power supplying circulation system and method |
| CN110397482A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-01 | 党为民 | A Method to Solve the Heat Pollution of Industrial Warm Drainage |
| TWI723642B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-04-01 | 哈伯精密股份有限公司 | Cooling device |
| CN112760107A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-07 | 邢台旭阳科技有限公司 | Coke quenching steam power generation system |
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