CN101611180A - 耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维 - Google Patents

耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维 Download PDF

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CN101611180A
CN101611180A CNA2007800479349A CN200780047934A CN101611180A CN 101611180 A CN101611180 A CN 101611180A CN A2007800479349 A CNA2007800479349 A CN A2007800479349A CN 200780047934 A CN200780047934 A CN 200780047934A CN 101611180 A CN101611180 A CN 101611180A
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郑保罗
R·H·彼得森
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
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    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
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Abstract

耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维可由芯和外皮制成，其中芯由含熔融染料且染料可溶的芯聚合物形成，而外皮则由不含染料且染料不可溶的外皮聚合物形成。

Description

耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及耐褪色的有色双组分纤维。
2.相关领域描述
有色纤维可用于各式各样的产品，包括衣服、户外织物以及医用消毒盖布等等。通过在纤维的表面上或主体中加入染料可使纤维着色。然而，在暴露于紫外线(UV)辐射、损耗、磨损、漂白或洗涤后，纤维的颜色会因染料的损坏或损失而褪色。
U.S.5,888,651公开了在一个域内有色而在另一个域内无色的双组分纤维。着色剂是颜料，而不是染料。
U.S.6,531,218公开了在染料浴中进行着色的皮/芯型双组分纤维，其中染料迁移通过外皮给芯着色。
需要的是耐褪色的有色纤维。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维，该纤维由芯和外皮制成，其中芯由含熔融染料且染料可溶的芯聚合物形成，而外皮则由不含染料且染料不可溶的外皮聚合物形成。
发明详述
本发明提供一种耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维，其中芯由含染料的聚合物形成，而外皮则由基本上不含染料的聚合物形成。更具体地讲，染料可熔融溶解于芯聚合物中，而基本上不可熔融溶解于外皮聚合物中。优选地，不含染料的外皮完全包封住含染料的芯。纤维之所以耐褪色是因为外皮，所述外皮通过阻止染料从芯中流失、通过扩散紫外线辐射或漂白洗涤剂来降低辐射对染料的损坏作用，从而保护芯中的染料。
本发明的双组分纤维具有皮/芯横截面。外皮完全包封住芯，从而对芯提供保护。芯占纤维横截面积的约10至约90％，而外皮则占纤维横截面积的约10至约90％。芯可以是同心的，也可以是偏心的。纤维可具有大致圆形的横截面形状。
适用于本发明的染料是溶于芯聚合物中但较难溶于或根本不溶于外皮聚合物中的染料。对于可溶染料而言，染料分子必须完全溶解至分子水平以与聚合物形成单相。很多有机染料具有极性分子基团，所述分子基团易于溶于极性聚合物中，而较难溶于或根本不溶于非极性聚合物中。有机极性染料呈现很多颜色，包括亮的荧光色。例如荧光染料噁嗪9，也被称为甲酚紫，其包含多种极性官能团，并且溶于乙醇。典型的荧光染料有罗丹明B、香豆素9和水杨酸钠。有机极性染料可溶于极性聚合物中，例如包括聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)的聚酯、包括尼龙6和尼龙6，6的聚酰胺、以及它们的共聚物和共混物。有机极性染料较难溶于或根本不溶于非极性聚合物中，例如包括聚乙烯和聚丙烯的聚烯烃、以及它们的共聚物和共混物。对于包含有机极性染料的双组分纤维而言，尤其有用的聚合物组合为聚乙烯/聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚乙烯/尼龙6以及聚乙烯/尼龙6，6皮/芯型纤维。在一个实施方案中，可将芯中的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)的含量调整为纤维的20％至80％。作为外皮的聚乙烯的存在有助于在130至145℃下进行的点粘合操作，具体温度取决于纺丝率而定。
本发明所述的双组分纤维通过将染料熔融混合到芯聚合物中来制备。可在纺丝前将染料混入到高浓度形式的聚合物或浓度为约5％至约30重量％的母料中，然后再与其他的无染料聚合物熔融混合，或是将染料混入到具有可以直接纺丝的约0.1％至约10重量％浓度的聚合物中。含染料且染料可溶的芯聚合物和不含染料且染料不可溶的外皮聚合物可由常规双组分纤维熔体纺丝法纺制而成。常规熔体纺丝法生产出可被收集成纱线并且用作连续纤维或切成短纤维的纤维。此类熔体纺丝法的其他实例包括纺粘法和熔喷法。这些方法可纺制被收集为非织造纤维网的纤维。这些纤维网可进行进一步加工或处理，例如粘结、涂覆等，或与其他纤维网结合，例如制作纺粘/熔喷/纺粘复合非织造纤维网。这些纤维和纤维网可用于制造衣服、户外织物、医用消毒盖布等等。
测试方法
在上述描述和下述实施例中，采用以下试验方法来确定各种描述的特征和性能。
紫外线辐射稳定性是暴露于紫外线辐射后色彩强度损失的量度。使用氙灯紫外线加速老化试验机来进行该试验。本试验根据ASTM G-26(A)进行，记录为x、y、z值，该标准据此以引用方式并入。注意，虽然ASTMG26已撤销并由G155取代，但本试验仍根据前者进行。x、y值是用于确定所显示颜色精确度的色度坐标。z是荧光激光光强的量度。该试验使用340nm的发光过滤器，在63℃、50％的相对湿度下，光循环设置为0.35W/m2。循环周期为1200分钟。
基重是由ASTM D-3776确定的织物或片材单位面积质量的量度，记作g/m2，该标准据此以引用方式并入。
实施例
下文将在以下的实施例中详细描述本发明的实施方案。
耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维由芯和外皮制成，其中芯由含熔融染料且染料可溶的芯聚合物形成，而外皮则由不含染料且染料不可溶的外皮聚合物形成。将来自Clariant的有机极性染料溶剂黄98与来自杜邦的共聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)Crystar 4446在270℃下熔融混合，以制备含40重量％的染料的染料/聚合物浓缩母料。该浓缩母料与另外的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)Crystar 4415进一步熔融混合，获得0.05至5％的染料浓度。经染色的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)通过双组分纤维纺粘设备的同心芯部件进行纺制。外皮聚合物是来自Equistar的聚乙烯Equistar XH4620。聚乙烯通过双组分纤维纺粘设备的外皮部件进行纺制。聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)的熔融温度维持在约290℃，聚乙烯的温度维持在约270℃。以85g/m2的基重收集纺粘纤维网。该纤维网在140℃、300磅/平方英寸的条件下进行点粘合。
对暴露于氙灯加速老化试验机之前和之后的一个层片或两个层片样本的纤维网进行测试。结果列于表中。
表
  实施例   层片   条件   x   y   z
  1   1   之前   0.3822   0.5035   71.382
  2   1   之后   0.3827   0.4985   76.284
  3   2   之前   0.3915   0.5095   93.762
  4   2   之后   0.3925   0.5064   93.905
x、y、z值表示颜色变化以及染料递送足够强度荧光的能力。
表中的数据显示暴露于紫外线辐射后，色彩强度没有降低。这表示染料没有分解。
将上述纤维网用肥皂在热水中以标准洗涤循环洗涤10次，再如上所述进行测试。所得的x、y、z坐标表示聚乙烯外皮对包埋在芯聚合物中的染料有保护作用。

Claims (18)

1.耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维，所述双组分纤维包括芯和外皮，所述芯由含熔融染料且染料可溶的芯聚合物形成，所述外皮由基本上不含染料并且染料基本上不可溶的外皮聚合物形成。
2.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述芯是同心的或偏心的。
3.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述皮/芯型纤维具有大致圆形的横截面形状。
4.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述芯占所述纤维的横截面积的约10至约90％，并且所述外皮占所述纤维的横截面积的约10至约90％。
5.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述芯聚合物选自聚酯、聚酰胺以及它们的共聚物和共混物。
6.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述外皮聚合物选自聚烯烃及其共聚物和共混物。
7.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述芯聚合物包括约0.1至约10重量％的染料。
8.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述染料选自有机染料。
9.权利要求8的纤维，其中所述染料是荧光的。
10.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述芯聚合物是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)，所述外皮聚合物是聚乙烯，并且所述染料是荧光的。
11.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述纤维通过纺粘工艺进行纺制。
12.权利要求1的纤维，其中所述纤维通过熔喷工艺进行纺制。
13.纤维网，所述纤维网包含根据权利要求1制得的纤维。
14.纺粘纤维网，所述纺粘纤维网包含根据权利要求11制得的纤维。
15.熔喷纤维网，所述熔喷纤维网包含根据权利要求12制得的纤维。
16.纺粘/熔喷/纺粘复合非织造材料，所述非织造材料包括位于两个纺粘纤维网之间的熔喷纤维网，其中所述纺粘纤维网中的至少一个根据权利要求11制得。
17.权利要求16的复合非织造材料，其中所述熔喷纤维网根据权利要求12制得。
18.包含权利要求13至17中任一项的纤维网或复合非织造材料的衣服。
CNA2007800479349A 2006-12-28 2007-12-28 耐褪色的有色皮/芯型双组分纤维 Pending CN101611180A (zh)

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