CN101606465A - A kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae - Google Patents
A kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae Download PDFInfo
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- CN101606465A CN101606465A CNA2009100405149A CN200910040514A CN101606465A CN 101606465 A CN101606465 A CN 101606465A CN A2009100405149 A CNA2009100405149 A CN A2009100405149A CN 200910040514 A CN200910040514 A CN 200910040514A CN 101606465 A CN101606465 A CN 101606465A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae, is stock with the balsam pear, and sponge gourd is that the resistance to insects that engrafting and cultivating obtains grafting sponge gourd raising sponge gourd is carried out in scion.The present invention begins to control the infringement that the sponge gourd seedling is avoided Americal rice leaf miner from sowing, select balsam pear to sum up suitable grafting time and method as stock and by a large amount of experimental studies, the grafting sponge gourd that success obtains the sponge gourd grafting to balsam pear cultivation obviously improves the resistance of Americal rice leaf miner, this graft technology can effectively guarantee output, quality and the economic benefit of sponge gourd for the sustainable Control of Americal rice leaf miner provides new approaches and new way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant graft technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae by grafting.
Background technology
Americal rice leaf miner (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard) belongs to diptera, and Agromyzidae is one of worldwide important pests.Americal rice leaf miner mainly slips into to get in the blade to eat with larva causes harm, form irregular snakelike gallery, its female adult worm punctures the leaves of plants epidermis with oopod, feeding plant juice is also laid eggs, had a strong impact on the photosynthesis of plant leaf blade, cause blade early ageing, withered, cause crop yield reduction, quality decline (Johnson et al., 1983; Schuster etal., 1991; Carolina et al., 1992; Health and happiness, 1996).The Americal rice leaf miner feeding habits are wider, and known host plant is 120 kinds of 24 sections nearly, with crops such as the cowpea of sponge gourd cucurbitaceous, cucumber, wax gourd and pulse family, Kidney bean be injured the heaviest (Yu Daojian etc., 2000; Ceng Ling etc., 2000; Zhang Huijie etc., 2000).
At present, to the control of Americal rice leaf miner still based on chemical control.Along with the increase of chemical pesticide consumption, not only killed and wounded a large amount of natural enemies, polluted environment, and the pesticide resistance of Americal rice leaf miner is improved constantly, it is also more and more serious that harm takes place.Therefore, press for developmental research and go out new method safe, effective, the sustainable Control Americal rice leaf miner.
Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) is a kind of quality vegetables that is loved by the people, and enlarges year by year in China's cultivated area in recent years.But because the serious harm of invasion insect Americal rice leaf miner (Liriomyzasativae Blanchard) and a large amount of uses of chemical pesticide make output, quality and the economic benefit of sponge gourd be had a strong impact on (Ceng Ling etc., 1998; Yu Daojian etc., 2000; Zhang Mao is new etc., and 2004).
Balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.) belongs to the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Momordica, comprises that in the torrid zone Asia, Amazon River, East Africa, the Caribbean and whole South America area are extensively planted.Comparatively general in China with the cultivation of ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan.
Though grafting is an important technique measure on the agricultural and forestry production, application aspect vegetables production is also arranged in recent years, utilizing the resistance stock to carry out grafting cultivation is the valid approach that overcomes the caused soil-borne disease of vegetable continuous cropping, but mainly concentrate on the solanaceous crops about the pest-resistant graft technology of grafting at present, as with pest-resistant tobacco or wild potato being anti-aphid of stock grafting tomato and chrysomelid graft technology (Li Jihua, 1980; Pelletier and Clark, 2004).Because key technologies such as resistance to insects stock, suitable grafting time, grafting method are not resolved, there is no report utilize the programme country of infringement of graft technology liriomyza sativae about sponge gourd inside and outside, do not have effective solution of the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae so far.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing sponge gourd liriomyza sativae invasive technologies, overcome the unfavorable of chemical control, a kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae is provided, utilizes the crop grafting that sponge gourd is obviously improved the resistance of Americal rice leaf miner, reduce the use of chemical pesticide.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method that improves the infringement of sponge gourd liriomyza sativae is provided, and is that employing is a stock with the balsam pear, and sponge gourd is that engrafting and cultivating is carried out in scion, and described engrafting and cultivating preferably carries out between 5～October, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) balsam pear and sponge gourd seed are used emerge in worm water respectively, be seeded in flowerpot after the indoor vernalization, 1 seed of every basin germinates in the solarium, grows; Through the processing of this step (1), begin to avoid the sponge gourd seedling to be subjected to insect pest from the sponge gourd sowing;
The temperature of the described warm water of step (1) is 50～55 ℃, can effectively prevent and treat kind of the caused disease of biography pathogen, and soak time is 30～40min;
Describedly indoorly can be the phytotron of routine, temperature is 28 ± 1 ℃; The seed that emerge in worm water is crossed is placed in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper, puts into temperature after covering with the multilayer gauze that soaks and be 28 ± 1 ℃, relative moisture and be 80 ± 5% the indoor vernalization of artificial climate, and the time is 24～36h.
The described flowerpot preferred size size of step (1) is diameter 12.5cm * high 15cm.
(2) after the rough leaf for the treatment of the 2nd～3 true leaf, the sponge gourd cotyledon top on balsam pear cotyledon top is launched, carry out grafting.Specifically be select the 2nd～3 true leaf of balsam pear launch, when second true leaf of sponge gourd do not launch as yet, when the above stem of the 1st true leaf of sponge gourd reaches 4～6cm, when the diameter of the diameter of towel gourd stem and balsam pear stem is quite thick, just can carry out grafting, this step is crucial, can obtain higher graft survival rate.Adopt cleft graft, make stock with balsam pear, sponge gourd carries out grafting do scion.
The described grafting method of step (2) is earlier balsam pear stock growing point to be scaled off with the blade of 75% ethanol disinfection, keeps about the long 1.5～2.5cm of stem, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the dark 0.8～1cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction; Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from 1.5～2.5cm below the growing point, be whittled into double wedge, the vertical balsam pear stock that inserts is split a mouthful place, swathe the fixing grafting place with the wide sealing film that is 2～3cm, is about 5cm, the pest-resistant graft technology of existing grafting uses the grafting clip to clamp grafting place, the method that the present invention adopts sealing film to swathe the fixing grafting place is not only preserved moisture but also can alleviate the weight that growing point bears, and obtains good grafting effect.
(3) grafting is preserved moisture about a week with the covering of coloured plastics material bag after watering sufficient water, treats to remove plastic sack after scion survives.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention begins to control the infringement that the sponge gourd seedling is avoided Americal rice leaf miner from sowing, select balsam pear as stock, and sum up suitable grafting time and method by a large amount of experimental studies, success makes the grafting sponge gourd that obtains of cultivation obviously improve the resistance of Americal rice leaf miner to balsam pear the sponge gourd grafting, this graft technology provides a new way for the sustainable Control of Americal rice leaf miner, for grafting plant anti-insect Journal of Sex Research provides foundation, the comprehensive regulation of instructing pest there is important practice significance, can significantly reduces the pest resistance to insecticide that chemical control causes simultaneously, residue of pesticide are to problems such as eater's harm and environmental pollutions.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with concrete embodiment.
Embodiment 1 grafting experiment
Balsam pear (kind is " prosperous full field ") and sponge gourd (kind is " ten thousand treasured ") seed are all available from seed seedling research and development centre of Agricultural University Of South China.
After balsam pear and sponge gourd seed used 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water 30min respectively, the seed that emerge in worm water is crossed is placed in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper, put into temperature after covering with the multilayer gauze that soaks and be 28 ℃, relative moisture and be 80 ± 5% the indoor vernalization of artificial climate, the time is 24h; Be seeded in then in the flowerpot of diameter 12.5cm * high 15cm, 1 seed of every basin germinates in the solarium, grows;
Treat that 2 true leaves of balsam pear are above, when the stem more than the 1st true leaf of sponge gourd reaches 6cm, begin grafting.
Adopt cleft graft, make stock with balsam pear, sponge gourd is done scion.Earlier balsam pear stock growing point is scaled off with the blade of 75% ethanol disinfection, keeps stem and be about about 2.5cm, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the about deeply 1cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction.Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from about the following 2.5cm in growing point bottom, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split mouthful the place, for the sealing film of 2cm, long 5cm swathes fixingly, sealing film can adopt U.S. product Parafilm M film with wide.
Grafting is preserved moisture with the covering of coloured plastics material bag after watering sufficient water, prevents to wilt.When scion has obvious growth, remove plastic sack after one week.All plant strain growths are in the solarium.
If in Guangzhou, choose grafting between 6～August, its survival rate can reach more than 90%.
Embodiment 2
Balsam pear (kind is " China rich 12 ") and sponge gourd (kind for " No. 1, Guangdong victory) seed is available from field seedling Co., Ltd of Guangzhou section.
After balsam pear and sponge gourd seed used 50 ℃ of emerge in worm water 40min respectively, the seed that emerge in worm water is crossed is placed in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper, put into temperature after covering with the multilayer gauze that soaks and be 27 ℃, relative moisture and be 80 ± 5% the indoor vernalization of artificial climate, the time is 36h; Be seeded in then in the flowerpot of diameter 12.5cm * high 15cm, 1 seed of every basin germinates in the solarium, grows;
Treat that 2 true leaves of balsam pear are above, when the stem more than the 1st true leaf of sponge gourd reaches 4cm, begin grafting.
Adopt cleft graft, make stock with balsam pear, sponge gourd is done scion.Earlier balsam pear stock growing point is scaled off with the blade of 75% ethanol disinfection, keeps stem and be about about 1.5cm, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the about deeply 0.8cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction.Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from about the following 2cm in growing point bottom, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split mouthful the place, for the sealing film of 3cm, long 5cm swathes fixingly, sealing film can adopt U.S. product Parafilm M film with wide.
Grafting is preserved moisture with the covering of coloured plastics material bag after watering sufficient water, prevents to wilt.When scion has obvious growth, remove plastic sack after one week.All plant strain growths are in the solarium.
In Guangzhou, choose grafting between 5～July, its survival rate can reach more than 90%.
Embodiment 3
Balsam pear (kind is " prosperous full field ") and sponge gourd (kind is " rich anti-") seed are all available from seed seedling research and development centre of Agricultural University Of South China.
After balsam pear and sponge gourd seed used 52 ℃ of emerge in worm water 35min respectively, the seed that emerge in worm water is crossed is placed in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper, put into temperature after covering with the multilayer gauze that soaks and be 29 ℃, relative moisture and be 80 ± 5% the indoor vernalization of artificial climate, the time is 24h; Be seeded in then in the flowerpot of diameter 12.5cm * high 15cm, 1 seed of every basin germinates in the solarium, grows.
Treat that 2 true leaves of balsam pear are above, when the stem more than the 1st true leaf of sponge gourd reaches 5cm, begin grafting.
Adopt cleft graft, make stock with balsam pear, sponge gourd is done scion.Earlier balsam pear stock growing point is scaled off with the blade of 75% ethanol disinfection, keeps stem and be about about 2cm, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the about deeply 0.9cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction.Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from about the following 1.5cm in growing point bottom, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split mouthful the place, for the sealing film of 2cm, long 5cm swathes fixingly, sealing film can adopt U.S. product Parafilm M film with wide.
Grafting is preserved moisture with the covering of coloured plastics material bag after watering sufficient water, prevents to wilt.When scion has obvious growth, remove plastic sack after one week.All plant strain growths are in the solarium.
In Guangzhou, choose grafting between 9～October, its survival rate can reach more than 90%.
Embodiment 4 contrast experiments
Additive method and step are with embodiment 1, and different is:
When treating that the 2nd true leaf of 4 true leaves of balsam pear, sponge gourd launches, keep the above stem of 3 true leaves of balsam pear and be about about 2cm, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the about deeply 0.9cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction.Scale off about the 2nd following 1.5cm of true leaf then, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split a mouthful place the sponge gourd scion.Grafting 20 strains all do not survive.
Embodiment 5 contrast experiments
Additive method and step are with embodiment 1, and different is:
When treating that 2 true leaves of balsam pear, sponge gourd cotyledon launch, earlier balsam pear stock growing point is scaled off, the stem that keeps more than 2 true leaves is about about 2cm, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, the about deeply 0.9cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction.Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from about the following 1.5cm in cotyledon bottom, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split a mouthful place.Grafting nearly 30 strains, all do not survive.
Embodiment 6 pest-resistant tests
The scion of example 1～3 grafting sponge gourd to be performed connects the worm test when launching 5 true leaves.
Present embodiment adopts the selectivity test.
To put into same dependent insect cage, randomized arrangement from rhizoid melon, each 2 strain of embodiment 1～3 sponge gourd The Test of Grafting Bitter plant.Every cage inserts 60 of the Americal rice leaf miner adults that sprouted wings 1～2 day, allows it get food and lay eggs.Every processing repeats 5 times.
Take out behind the 48h and handle the dish seedling, investigate the puneture number of Americal rice leaf miner on every strain blade.Each is handled seedling and put into the solarium after having investigated the puneture number, investigates larva gallery number every day, till the gallery number no longer increases.Survey data is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 grafting sponge gourd compares with Americal rice leaf miner puneture number on the rhizoid melon and larva gallery number
Result of the test shows: begin to take measures, select for use balsam pear as stock and select Americal rice leaf miner on the grafting sponge gourd blade that suitable grafting time and method obtain to get the food puneture obviously to be less than from the rhizoid melon according to the inventive method from sowing, average food refusal rate reaches 51.35%.And the also obviously minimizing of larva gallery number, average control efficiency reaches 46.6%.Illustrate that sponge gourd grafting its resistance to insects behind the balsam pear stock is significantly improved.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method that improves sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement is characterized in that by being stock with the balsam pear, and sponge gourd is that scion is carried out engrafting and cultivating and obtained the grafting sponge gourd and improve resistance to insects, may further comprise the steps:
(1) balsam pear and sponge gourd seed are used emerge in worm water respectively, be seeded in flowerpot after the indoor vernalization, in the solarium, germinate, grow;
(2) after the rough leaf for the treatment of the 2nd～3 true leaf, the sponge gourd cotyledon top on balsam pear cotyledon top is launched, carry out grafting;
(3) preserve moisture with the covering of coloured plastics material bag after grafting is watered, remove plastic sack after scion survives.
2, the method for raising sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement according to claim 1 is characterized in that described engrafting and cultivating carries out between 5～October.
3, the method for raising sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of the described warm water of step (1) is 50～55 ℃, and soak time is 30～40min; Described germination temperature is 28 ± 1 ℃, and relative moisture is 80 ± 5%.
4, the method for raising sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement according to claim 1 is characterized in that the above stem of the 1st true leaf of the described sponge gourd of step (2) begins grafting when reaching 4～6cm.
5, the method for raising sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described grafting method of step (2) is with the blade of 75% ethanol disinfection is first balsam pear stock growing point to be scaled off, keep about the long 1.5～2.5cm of stem, rive downwards from the cross section centre of balsam pear stem with blade, dark 0.8～the 1cm of otch, with true leaf in vertical direction; Then the sponge gourd scion is scaled off from 1.5～2.5cm below the growing point, be whittled into double wedge, vertically insert the balsam pear stock and split mouthful the place, swathe the fixing grafting place with the wide sealing film that is 2～3cm, is about 5cm.
6, the method for raising sponge gourd liriomyza sativae infringement according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described moisture preserving time of step (3) is a week.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100405149A CN101606465B (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2009-06-24 | Method for enhancing the resistance of towel gourd to the damage of liriomyza sativae |
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| CN2009100405149A CN101606465B (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2009-06-24 | Method for enhancing the resistance of towel gourd to the damage of liriomyza sativae |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081696A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-08 | 万世凤 | Cultural method of loofah |
| CN104082022A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN105493975A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | 黄信开 | Method for preventing cowpea liriomyza sativae blanchard |
| CN107455152A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of vine hard branch scion promotees to sprout the method for sterilization |
| CN107691095A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-16 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield leprosy grape |
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2009
- 2009-06-24 CN CN2009100405149A patent/CN101606465B/en active Active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081696A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-08 | 万世凤 | Cultural method of loofah |
| CN104082022A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN104082022B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-01-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN105493975A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | 黄信开 | Method for preventing cowpea liriomyza sativae blanchard |
| CN105493975B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-03 | 黄信开 | A method of prevention cowpea Americal rice leaf miner |
| CN107455152A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of vine hard branch scion promotees to sprout the method for sterilization |
| CN107691095A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-16 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield leprosy grape |
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| CN101606465B (en) | 2011-06-22 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160411 Address after: 510530 Guangdong province high tech Industrial Development Zone of Guangzhou city science and technology innovation base on Road No. 80 D District 607-612 unit Patentee after: GUANGZHOU RUIFENG BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 510642 Tianhe District, Guangdong, No. five road, No. 483, Patentee before: South China Agricultural University |
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Inventor after: Lu Yongyue Inventor after: Liu Huan Inventor after: Ling Bing Inventor after: Zhang Maoxin Inventor after: Liang Guangwen Inventor after: Zeng Ling Inventor after: Gong Ling Inventor after: Li Shenlei Inventor after: Lin Xiaojun Inventor after: Jin Xin Inventor before: Ling Bing Inventor before: Zhang Maoxin Inventor before: Liang Guangwen Inventor before: Zeng Ling Inventor before: Gong Ling |
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