CN101568388B - 用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统 - Google Patents

用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统 Download PDF

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CN101568388B
CN101568388B CN2008800009738A CN200880000973A CN101568388B CN 101568388 B CN101568388 B CN 101568388B CN 2008800009738 A CN2008800009738 A CN 2008800009738A CN 200880000973 A CN200880000973 A CN 200880000973A CN 101568388 B CN101568388 B CN 101568388B
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I·维施勒
P·G·马斯顿
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Evoqua Water Technologies LLC
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Abstract

一种用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统，其包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球结合废水中的油滴形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，和污染物去除子系统，其用于从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。

Description

用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统
相关申请
该申请要求2007年1月9日提交的临时专利申请序列号No.60/879,429的利益和优先权，并在此通过引用将其并入。 
技术领域
本发明涉及用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统和方法。 
背景技术
石油工业在勘探和生产石油过程中产生大量的废水。据估计生产一桶油使用约800加仑的水，其中约80％的水用于炼油工艺中的冷却。石油废弃物是根据它们的来源分类的：例如来自采油或来自石油炼制。来自采油的废水通常是钻探泥浆、盐水、游离和乳化油以及天然气的混合物。来自炼油厂的废水包括尤其是来自泄漏、溢出和其它来源的游离和乳化油。组合的炼油厂废料或溢出物可包含原油和它的多种馏分、在处理的各个阶段中于液体和污泥中排放的溶解的或悬浮的矿物和有机化合物。 
为了环境和工业的目的，净化来自采油和石油炼制的工业废水是重要的。存在多种用于净化石油工业废水的常规方法，其包括例如重力分离、浮选、过滤、化学处理、电化学处理、生化处理等等。这些系统通常庞大、低效且操作昂贵。已知的唯一可以实现最终出水的油类污染物小于5ppm的方法是膜过滤。但是，由于膜快速结垢，所以膜过滤是昂贵的和难以操作的。 
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统和方法。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种从采油和石油炼制工艺产生的工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统和方法。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种将工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污 染物和油类污染物去除至环保局(Environmental Protect ion Agency，EPA)要求的可接受的水平的系统和方法。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种系统和方法，其所产生的最终出水可以被采油和石油炼制工艺再次使用。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种系统和方法，其提供具有小于5ppm的油类污染物的最终出水。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种系统和方法，其提供具有小于5ppm的颗粒污染物的最终出水。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种系统和方法，其占用更少的空间。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种系统和方法，其消除了与使用膜相关的问题。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种降低成本的系统和方法。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种循环加重剂的系统和方法。 
本发明进一步的目的是提供这样一种更有效的系统和方法。 
然而，其它实施方案中的主题发明并不需要实现所有这些目的，且关于此的权利要求不应受限于能够实现这些目的的结构或方法。 
本发明的特征在于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统，该子系统包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球与废水中的油滴结合形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，和污染物去除子系统，用于从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。 
在一个优选的实施方案中，气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统可以进一步包括絮凝体去除子系统，用于从废水表面去除絮凝体。该子系统可包括撇油器。该系统可包括冷却子系统，该冷却子系统用于将废水温度降至适于使用所需絮凝剂的温度。该系统可以进一步包括缓冲池，用于调节废水流量并去除废水中的粗颗粒。污染物去除子系统可包括混凝混合池，其用于接收已处理废水并将混凝剂引入已处理废水且与其相混合以沉淀溶解的污染物，并形成沉淀的溶解的污染物和颗粒污染物的絮凝体。该系统可进一步包括加重剂混合池，其用于接收来自混凝混合池的已处理废水并将加重剂引入已处理废水且与其相混合。 该系统可进一步包括絮凝子系统，其用于接收来自加重剂混合池的已处理废水并将絮凝剂引入和混合，从而形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体。该系统可进一步包括分离子系统，其用于从已处理废水中分离大絮凝体以形成澄清出水。该系统可进一步包括氧化子系统，其用于将氧化剂引入已处理废水以改变一种或多种颗粒污染物和/或油类污染物上的电荷。氧化剂可以包括过氧化氢。加重剂可包括磁铁矿。加重剂可包括煤粉。分离子系统可包括澄清器。分离子系统可包括快速沉降器。分离子系统可包括水力旋流器。该系统可进一步包括加重剂回收子系统，其用于回收加重剂。加重剂回收系统可包括高剪切混合器子系统。加重剂回收子系统可包括高梯度磁力过滤器，用于从澄清出水中去除微细磁化加重剂。加重剂回收子系统可包括湿式鼓式磁力分离器。该系统可进一步包括循环子系统，其用于将加重剂循环至加重剂混合池。该系统可进一步包括再循环系统，其用于再循环由加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体所形成的污泥。絮凝子系统可包括静态混合器和/或混合池。氧化子系统可包括静态混合器。分离子系统可包括放置在澄清器内的撇油器，其用于聚结已处理废水中含有的油类并驱使聚结的油颗粒到达澄请器的表面。澄清出水可含有小于约5ppm的油类污染物、溶解的污染物和颗粒污染物。 
本发明的特征也在于用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统，该子系统包括包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球与废水中的油滴结合形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，冷却子系统，其用于将废水温度降至适于使用所需絮凝剂的温度，和污染物去除子系统，其用于接收来自气浮子系统的废水以从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。 
本发明进一步的特征在于用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：气浮和初级油类去除子系统，该子系统包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球结合废水中的油滴 形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，缓冲池，用于调节含油废水的流量并去除废水中的粗颗粒，和污染物去除子系统，用于接收来自气浮子系统的废水以从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。 
本发明进一步的特征在于用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：气浮和初级油类去除子系统，该子系统包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球结合废水中的油滴形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，冷却子系统，其用于将废水温度降至适于使用所需絮凝剂的温度，缓冲池，用于调节废水的流量并去除含油废水中的粗颗粒，和污染物去除子系统，用于接收来自气浮子系统的废水以从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。 
本发明进一步的特征在于用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：气浮和初级油类去除子系统，该子系统包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球结合废水中的油滴形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，从而提供去除了大多数油类污染物的已处理废水，冷却池，其用于将废水温度降至适于使用所需絮凝剂的温度，缓冲池，其用于调节废水的流量并去除含油废水中的粗颗粒，和污染物去除子系统，其用于从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物。污染物去除子系统包括混凝混合池，其用于接收已处理废水和引入混凝剂并将其与废水混合以形成颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和沉淀溶解的污染物。加重剂混合池，其用于接收来自混凝混合池的已处理废水和引入加重剂并将其与已处理废水混合，絮凝混合池，其用于接收来自加重剂混合池的已处理废水并将絮凝剂引入和混合，从而形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体。分离子系统，其用于从已处理废水中分离出大絮凝体以形成澄清出水。 
附图说明
本领域技术人员从以下对优选实施方案的描述和所附附图将想到其它目的、特点和优点，其中： 
图1是本发明的用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统的一个实施方案的示意性框图； 
图2是依据本发明的一个实施方案，并入了冷却子系统的图1中所示系统的示意性框图； 
图3是图2中所示系统的另一个实施方案的示意性框图，其依据本发明利用煤粉作为加重剂； 
图4是图1-3中所示系统的另一个实施方案的示意性框图，其并入了缓冲子系统并且也显示了污染物去除子系统的一个实施方案的主要组件； 
图5是本发明的用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统的又一个实施方案的示意性框图；和 
图6是可在图1-5中所示系统中可以使用的澄清池和撇油器的一个实施方案的示意性侧视图。 
具体实施方式
除了优选实施方案或下面公开的实施方案，本发明可以有其它实施方案并能以多种方式实践或实现。因此，应理解本发明的应用不受限于下列描述中所提出或附图中所图示的组件的构造细节和排列。如果本文仅描述一个实施方案，则关于此的权利要求不受限于该实施方案。此外，除非有清楚且令人信服的证据表明确定的排除、限制或放弃，关于此的权利要求不被解读为限制性的。 
正如在上述的背景技术部分讨论的一样，用于净化石油工业废水的常规工艺，如重力分离、浮选、过滤、化学处理、电化学处理、生化处理等等是低效的、庞大的且操作昂贵，并且通常不能产生含有小于5ppm油类和/或颗粒污染物的最终出水。尽管膜过滤系统可以产生含有小于5ppm油类污染物的最终出水，但是由于膜过滤器快速结垢，这些系统是昂贵的并且难以操作。 
相反，本发明用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统10(图1)包括气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12，该子系统接收来自如采油工艺、石油炼制工艺等等的工业废水流14。子系统12，例如溶气浮选(DAF)子系统，接收如来自具有气泡流分布子系统的空气源的气态微球流16。该气态微球流16在子系统12中与工业废水流14中的油滴相结合。 
当油处于乳化状态时，它以胶态悬浮物的形式存在。当油处于游离态的时候，它以微滴的形式存在。当悬浮在水中的时候，微滴具有负电荷表面，其在 微滴间产生排斥力。来自气态微球流16的气态微球带有正电荷和被吸至油滴上。气态微球16和与工业废水14中的油滴相互作用形成絮凝体。油微滴和气态微球的絮凝体浮至废水的表面和作为回收油18被例如撇油器或类似类型的装置去除。这从工业废水中去除了大多数的油类污染物和作为已处理废水通过管线22输出。 
污染物去除子系统20通过管线22接收来自子系统12的已处理废水，和从通过管线22的已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余油类污染物，以通过管线50提供最终的清洁出水，如下面所详细讨论，其优选油类污染物、颗粒污染物和溶解的污染物的浓度小于约5ppm。 
在一个实施方案中，污染物去除子系统20包括具有混合器26的混凝混合池24，其通过管线22接收来自子系统12的已处理废水，和将如铝、FeCl3、PAC(聚合氯化铝)等等的混凝剂28引入池24。混合器26混合混凝剂与已处理废水以沉淀废水中的溶解的污染物并形成沉淀的溶解的污染物和颗粒的微絮凝体。 
污染物去除子系统20也优选包括具有混合器32的加重剂混合池30，其通过管线34接收来自混凝混合池24的已处理废水和引入加重剂或磁性渣34，例如磁铁矿或本领域技术人员已知的类似类型的加重剂。在池30中，混合器32混合加重剂34和已处理废水。正如本领域技术人员所知的，加重剂提供絮凝体的快速沉降，如下面所讨论。 
子系统20优选包括絮凝混合池36，其通过管线40接收来自加重剂混合池30的已处理废水，并引入絮凝剂42。在池36中，混合器38混合絮凝剂42和已处理的废水，形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余的油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或通过管线40接收的已处理废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体。絮凝剂(例如聚合物)具有电荷(阴离子或阳离子)，其吸引加重剂、颗粒污染物的微絮凝体、沉淀的溶解的污染物、任何剩余的油颗粒和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒，从而形成使用分离子系统44分离的大絮凝体。加重剂提供絮凝体分离子系统44的快速沉降。 
分离子系统44分离加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒的微絮凝体、加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或存在于已处理废水中的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体，从而在管线50上供给清洁出水， 例如，油类污染物和颗粒污染物各小于5ppm的最终出水。正如本领域技术人员已知的，分离子系统44可以包括澄清器，快速沉降器或水力旋流器。 
在一种设计中，系统10可以包括循环和再循环子系统46，其通过管线48从分离子系统40中的已处理废水中回收和循环加重剂或磁性渣34，并且也通过管线48再循环加重剂和污染物的大絮凝体的污泥(下面论述)。 
在一个实施方案中，系统10包括氧化子系统29，其用于将氧化剂(例如过氧化氢或本领域技术人员已知的类似氧化剂)引入至混凝混合池24中的已处理水，以改变废水中一种或多种颗粒污染物和/或油类污染物的电荷并提高絮凝体的形成。污染物去除子系统20的另外的例子公开于本文的发明人的美国专利No.6,099,738中，在这里通过引用将其并入。 
结果是本发明用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物、和油类污染物的系统10有效和高效地从例如采油和/或石油炼制过程中产生的工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物。系统10提供最终清洁出水(优选油类污染物和颗粒污染物的水平各小于约5ppm)。这样的水平是EPA要求的可接受水平，而且能够被采油和/或石油炼制过程再次使用。此外，系统10不需要使用任何的膜或过滤器，因此也消除了与之相关联的问题。系统10不如常规的工业废水净化系统昂贵且占用更少的空间。循环加重剂的能力进一步降低了处理成本。 
在一个实施方案中，系统10′(图2，其中相同的部件采用相同的编号)包括冷却子系统52。冷却子系统52在管线23上将通过管线22从气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12接收的废水的温度降低到合适的温度、例如约50℃，以使用所需的絮凝剂，例如像Cytec A-130这样的聚合物或本领域技术人员已知的类似种类的絮凝剂。 
在一种设计中，加重剂34′(图3，其中相同的部件采用相同的编号)可以是煤粉。使用煤粉作为加重剂产生可以被过滤、干燥并用作燃料的最终污泥。 
在另一种设计中，系统10″′(图4，其中相同的部件采用相同的编号)包括气浮和初级油类污染物子系统12，其接收工业废水流14，并如上面参考图1所讨论类似操作。系统10′也优选包括缓冲池56，其调节废水流量(例如通过管线23来自冷却子系统52)并从废水中去除粗颗粒。尽管如图4所示，缓冲池56位于冷却子系统52和污染物去除子系统20之间，但这不是本发明的必要限 定，正如缓冲池56可以被设置在系统10中的任意需要的位置一样。 
在一种设计中，污染物去除子系统20′通过管线57接收来自冷却子系统52和缓冲池56的已经被冷却和调节过的废水。静态混合器60引入并混合通过管线83来自混凝剂供给R1-82的混凝剂和/或通过管线85引入并混合来自氧化剂供给R2-84的氧化剂。凝结剂和/或氧化剂与静态混合器60的板62相互作用，从而有效地混合混凝剂和/或氧化剂与管线57中的已处理废水。将静态混合的混凝剂和/或氧化剂以及来自子系统12的已处理的废水通过管线89加入混合池T-1和T-2中。池T-1至T-2(例如具有混合器32的加重剂池30和具有混合器38的絮凝剂混合池36)引入和混合来自静态混合器60的废水与加重剂和絮凝剂，从而形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油类颗粒的大絮凝体和/或存在于已处理废水中的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体，与上文参考图1所讨论的类似。分离子系统44′包括澄清器70，其去除加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体、和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油类颗粒的大絮凝体，从而例如通过本领域技术人员已知的快速沉降在管线50′上提供清洁出水。 
在一种设计中，污染物去除子系统20′包括加重剂循环子系统46′，其用于从管线50′上的清洁出水中去除微细的磁化加重剂。在一个实施例中，利用磁力过滤器子系统72和/或高剪切子系统74和/或磁力湿式筒式分离器76以从管线50′中的清洁出水中去除并回收加重剂。加重剂回收子系统70回收加重剂，然后通过管线78将加重剂循环回加重剂混合池，例如池T-1至T-2的任意一个。参见例如前面引用的美国专利No.6,099,738。 
尽管，如前面参考图1-4所讨论的，气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12设置在污染物去除子系统20的前面，但这并不是本发明的必要限定。在另外一个实施方案中，本发明的用于从工业废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统10iv(图5，其中相同的部件采用相同的编号)可包括位于污染物去除子系统20″后面的气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12。在这个实施方案中，污染物去除子系统20″通过管线120接收工业废水流14。子系统20′包括池100，池100通过管线103接收混凝剂102，通过管线105接收加重剂或磁性渣104和通过管线107接收絮凝剂106。混合池100的操作类似于具有 混合器24的混凝混合池24、具有混合器32的加重剂混合池30和具有混合器38的絮凝混合池36，如前面参考图1所述。通过管线103的混合池100的输出是加重剂和油类污染物的大絮凝体、加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体，和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体，和/或存在于废水中的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体。澄清器82优选地通过快速沉降去除大絮凝体。澄清器82(图6)也可包括设置在澄清器82内的撇油器170，其聚结已处理废水中含有的油类，例如，如在172所示，并驱使已聚结的油颗粒到达澄清器的表面以如箭头174所示被去除。可以在上述参考图1-4所讨论的系统10的任一实施方案中使用具有撇油器170的澄清器82。与前面参考图1所论述的气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统的设计相类似的气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12′(图5)在管线123上接收澄清器输出的澄清出水并引入气态微球，气态微球与废水中任何剩余的油滴结合，从而形成絮凝体，该絮凝体上浮至表面并作为回收油18而被去除。最终澄清出水通过管线50″输出。可以将通过管线132由澄清器82输出的污泥130通过管线110再循环到池100和/或通过磁力分离器114处理，磁力分离器114通过管线112将加重剂循环到混合池100。当加重剂是煤粉时，可将最终污泥140送至过滤池和进行焚烧，在144处标示。系统10iv也可以和系统10(图1-4)组合，使得气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统12、12′位于污染物去除子系统20、21′的前面和后面。这样的设计对于需要更加彻底地去除油类污染物的应用是有用的。 
虽然本发明的特定特征显示在某些附图中，而未显示在其它附图中，但这只是为了方便，因为依照本发明，每个特征可以与任意或全部的其它特征组合。应广义全面地理解此处用到的词“包含”，“包括”，“有”和“用”，而不局限于任何实体的互连。此外，主题申请中公开的任何实施方案不被视为唯一可能的实施方案。其它实施方案将被本领域技术人员想到且在所附权利要求内。 
此外，在本专利的专利申请诉讼期间，任何提出的修改不是放弃如所提交的申请中提出的任意权利要求元素：不能合理期望本领域技术人员起草的权利要求确切地涵盖所有可能的等价物，许多等价物在修改时是不能预料的和超出了所放弃的那些(如果有的话)的公正解释，修改隐含的基本原理可能与许多等价物仅有稍微的关联，和/或存在许多其它原因，对于任何修改的权利要求要素，不能期望申请人描述出确定的无实体的代替。 

Claims (27)

1.一种用于去除废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统，该系统包括：
气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统，其包括用于接收工业废水流和气态微球流的池，其中气态微球结合废水中的油滴形成浮至表面并被去除的絮凝体，所述气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统构造并布置成提供已处理废水；和
污染物去除子系统，其用于从已处理废水中去除溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和任何剩余的油类污染物，该污染物去除子系统位于气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统的下游，并且包括加重剂源，该污染物去除子系统构造并布置成提供油类污染物或颗粒污染小于约5ppm的经澄清的水而不需要使用任何膜或过滤器。
2.权利要求1所述的系统，其中气浮和初级油类污染物去除子系统进一步包括絮凝体去除子系统，其用于从所述废水表面去除絮凝体。
3.权利要求2所述的系统，其中絮凝体去除子系统包括撇油器。
4.权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括冷却子系统，其构造并布置成将废水温度降至使用絮凝剂的温度。
5.权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括缓冲池，其构造并布置成调节废水的流量和去除废水中的粗颗粒。
6.权利要求1所述的系统，其中污染物去除子系统包括混凝混合池，其构造并布置成接收已处理废水并将混凝剂引入已处理废水且与其混合，以沉淀并形成溶解的污染物和颗粒污染物沉淀的絮凝体。
7.权利要求6所述的系统，进一步包括加重剂混合池，其用于接收来自混凝混合池的已处理废水和将加重剂引入已处理废水且与其混合。
8.权利要求7所述的系统，进一步包括絮凝子系统，其用于接收来自加重剂混合池的已处理废水并引入和混合絮凝剂，从而形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体。
9.权利要求8所述的系统，进一步包括分离子系统，其用于从已处理废水中分离大絮凝体以形成澄清出水。
10.权利要求6所述的系统，进一步包括氧化子系统，其用于将氧化剂引入已处理废水以改变一种或多种颗粒污染物和/或油类污染物的电荷。
11.权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述氧化剂包括过氧化氢。
12.权利要求7所述的系统，其中加重剂包括磁铁矿。
13.权利要求7所述的系统，加重剂包括煤粉。
14.权利要求9所述的系统，其中所述分离子系统包括澄清器。
15.权利要求9所述的系统，其中所述分离子系统包括沉降器。
16.权利要求9所述的系统，其中分离子系统包括水力旋流器。
17.权利要求9所述的系统，进一步包括加重剂回收子系统，其具有与所述分离子系统连接的入口，用于回收加重剂。
18.权利要求17所述的系统，其中加重剂回收系统包括高剪切混合器子系统。
19.权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述加重剂回收系统包括用于从澄清出水中去除微细磁化加重剂的高梯度磁力过滤器。
20.权利要求17所述的系统，其中加重剂回收子系统包括湿式鼓式磁力分离器。
21.权利要求17所述的系统，进一步包括循环子系统，其用于将加重剂循环至加重剂混合池，并且具有与所述加重剂回收系统连接的入口和与所述加重剂混合池连接的出口。
22.权利要求9所述的系统，进一步包括再循环系统，其用于再循环由加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体所形成的污泥，并且该再循环系统具有与所述分离子系统连接的入口。
23.权利要求8所述的系统，其中絮凝子系统包括至少静态混合器和混合池之一。
24.权利要求10所述的系统，其中氧化子系统包括静态混合器。
25.权利要求9所述的系统，其中分离子系统包括放置在澄清器内的撇油器，其用于聚结已处理废水中含有的油类并驱使聚结的油颗粒到达澄清器的表面。
26.如权利要求1所述的系统，该系统还包括：
冷却子系统，其用于将废水温度降至使用絮凝剂的温度；和
缓冲池，其用于调节所述废水的流量并去除所述废水中的粗颗粒。
27.如权利要求26所述的的系统，该系统还包括：
混凝混合池，其用于接收已处理废水并将混凝剂引入废水且与其混合，以形成颗粒污染物的微絮凝体并沉淀溶解的污染物，
加重剂混合池，其用于接收来自混凝混合池的已处理废水并将加重剂引入已处理废水且与其混合，
絮凝混合池，其用于接收来自加重剂混合池的已处理废水并引入和混合絮凝剂，从而形成加重剂的大絮凝体和颗粒污染物的微絮凝体和/或加重剂和沉淀的溶解的污染物的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和任何剩余油颗粒的大絮凝体和/或加重剂和废水中存在的任何其它颗粒的大絮凝体；和
分离子系统，其用于从已处理废水中分离出大絮凝体，以形成油类污染物或颗粒污染小于约5ppm的澄清出水而不需要使用任何膜或过滤器。
CN2008800009738A 2007-01-09 2008-01-09 用于去除工业废水中溶解的污染物、颗粒污染物和油类污染物的系统 Expired - Fee Related CN101568388B (zh)

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