CN101564022A - Total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders - Google Patents
Total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders Download PDFInfo
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- CN101564022A CN101564022A CNA200910062311XA CN200910062311A CN101564022A CN 101564022 A CN101564022 A CN 101564022A CN A200910062311X A CNA200910062311X A CN A200910062311XA CN 200910062311 A CN200910062311 A CN 200910062311A CN 101564022 A CN101564022 A CN 101564022A
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Abstract
The invention provides a total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders, which utilizes corresponding culture facilities and operational management methods according to the specific requirements of various stages of artificial breeding and integrates a plurality of technologies such as parent culture, parent selection and pairing, artificial induced spawning, artificial fertilization and incubation, larvae culture and the like. The technique essentially comprises establishing cultivating workshops; different cultivating pools for parent culture, parent pre-delivery, incubation of fertilized eggs, larvae culture and the like; parent selection and pairing method, egg taking and semen collection method, incubation management method, cultivating method for metamorphosis period and the like. The technique can meet the requirements of large-scale breeding production of giant salamanders, can not only greatly improve the reproductive efficiency and lower unit production cost but also not be limited by the terrain and water source and can be applied and popularized across China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fresh-water fish-culture field, specially refer to total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders.
Background technology
The giant salamander common name giant salamander, its protection of resources, propagation, utilization are the focuses of aquatic products scientific research personnel research.The giant salamander artificial breeding has developed more than two decades, because seedling raising process is incomplete, can not realize real scale breeding, therefore can not satisfy the giant salamander industrially scalable and culture the required amount of growing seedlings, and has restricted the development of giant salamander large-scale cultivation.Main cause wherein has: there is bigger individual difference in (1) parent's gonad development in colony, this species diversity had both occurred in the time difference between the male and female individuality, also occurs between other individuality of the same sex, is not easy to form concentrated breeding period aborning; (2) during parent's sexual maturity state, do not have tangible appearance index, the individuality of selective maturation has certain technical difficulty; (3) sperm becomes live time very short after meeting water, insemination rate instability after the artificial insemination; (4) incubation period reaches 35～40 days, and the young has abnormal behavior, is prone to the mortality of the embryo or the young when mismanagement.These characteristics have all constituted the key point of artificial breeding technique, have influenced the effect of giant salamander artificial breeding to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders of selecting combo, artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination and hatching and the young to cultivate from breeding facility, parent's cultivation, parent.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders step is as follows:
1, setting up a factory breed workshop, feed cistern and water treating pond: set up the parent and culture the workshop, parent workshop to be produced, the hatching workshop, larval culture workshop and artificial insemination operation are asked, each workshop is brick mix structure independently, every 200-500 square meter is equipped with temperature regulating device in the workshop, built-in corresponding pond, sump area 1-10 square meter, the dark 40-60cm in pond, there is independently intake-discharge pipe in each pond, by different water conditions the breed feed cistern is set, cistern is provided with 2-3, other builds a pond, and as the sedimentation basin or the phreatic aeration basin of surface water, cistern is connected by pipeline with the breed workshop.
2, hasten parturition parent's selection and combo: in the mating season of giant salamander, culture the individual combo artificial induced spawning of selecting gonadal maturation the workshop from the parent, the male and female individual number of same batch of combo is equipped with in 3: 2 ratios, and the standard that the parent selects is: all more than 5 ages, body weight is more than 4 kilograms for parental age, physical health does not have wound, build is normal, and it is clear to originate, and avoids with the different in nature close relative who criticizes in the individuality of hastening parturition as far as possible, female venter posterior is full, and finger pressure is flexible; Male secondary sexual character is obvious, and the small particles of outstanding body surface is arranged around the gonopore.
3, artificial induced spawning: use the conventional oxytocic drug of fishing, as gonadotrophin chorionic (HCG), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A), adopt the drosal part intraperitoneal injection, the individual same dosage of male and female, synchronous shot mode, after medicine is hastened parturition the parent moved on to and wait to produce the workshop and observe, water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃.
4, ovum artificial collection semen collection: the 90-120 after hastening parturition hour, male is adopted the belly extrusion, collect seminal fluid, the selection sperm viability is strong, and the seminal fluid that concentration is high is standby, in workshop to be produced, when finding that female parent has the adhesive tape output, the parent is moved on in the artificial insemination operating room, pull out the ovum grain gently, place in the basin.
5, artificial insemination: standby seminal fluid is poured in the basin that the ovum grain is housed, added half basin water, stirred gently 30～50 seconds, sperm is fully contacted with the ovum grain, left standstill 5-10 minute, use clear water rinsing ovum grain 2-4 time then.
6, artificial incubation: fertilized egg is moved in the pond in hatching workshop, put ovum 400-600 grain for every square metre, miniflow water can be used in the hatching pond, also available hydrostatic, change water every day once, quantity of exchanged water is half of Chi Shui, the hatchery water temperature is controlled at 17-21 ℃, changes water temperature difference less than 2 ℃, needs the dead embryo of extraction in the hatching process, in case water mold grows, in hatching 30-32 days have the part embryo to begin demoulding, in time pull out and are put in the seedling pond, at 39-40 days, will there be the manually auxiliary rupture of membranes of embryo of demoulding.
7, larval culture: behind the seedling membrane, change water once early stage every day, and water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, open-mouthed bait is thrown in, after the about week in behind membrane 25-35 days, all young opening changes normal nursing over to, change water every day before, the residual bait of last time is cleaned out, throw in new bait after changing water, in the cultivating process, the individual difference that the seedling in the same pond may occur growing, every month with the adjustment of young specification once, makes the specification unanimity in the same cultivation pond as far as possible.
8, change the management of food and period of metamorphosis: after using open-mouthed bait to cultivate 5-6 month, food to the young changes, the available fresh and alive flesh of fish is cut into agreeable to the taste fritter throws something and feeds, or directly cultivate fry and feed, seedling is at 8-10 during the monthly age, most of individuality is in period of metamorphosis, this moment throw something and feed weekly once agreeable to the taste living fry or shrimp, and suitably deepen Chi Shui, generally add water and add 3-5cm on former height, water quality requirement is pure and fresh, and water temperature keeps relative stability, temperature difference per day is not more than 3 ℃, and carries out the prevention work of communicable disease.
Good effect of the present invention is: total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders is at the individual difference of giant salamander gonad development, and by making regular check on, the control parent reaches maturity and is tending towards improving parent's availability, the organization and management of being convenient to produce synchronously.Adopt drug-induced, ovum artificial collection semen collection and artificial insemination, set up each link corresponding method of operation, adopted suitable cultural technique, solved the high problem of seedling period of metamorphosis lethality, make seedling culture the survival rate in 1 year more than 90%.Total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders can realize that the seed of scale produces, and is not subjected to the restriction of natural conditions such as region or water source, can use in China.The large-scale production of seed has solved the bottleneck problem during giant salamander culture is produced, and for promoting to culture progress, realizes that agricultural restructuring has great importance.Simultaneously, also for the artificial propagation of resource provides the foundation, bigger meaning is also arranged for the protection of species.
Embodiment
Further specify the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
The total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders step is as follows:
1, setting up a factory breed workshop, feed cistern and water treating pond: set up the parent and culture the workshop, parent workshop to be produced, the hatching workshop, larval culture workshop and artificial insemination operation room, each workshop is brick mix structure independently, every 200-500 square meter, temperature regulating device is housed in the workshop, built-in corresponding pond, sump area 1-10 square meter, the pond cultivation density is: the parent is 1-2 tail/m
2, the young is 200-300 tail/m
2, the dark 40-60cm in pond, there is independently intake-discharge pipe in each pond, by different water conditions the breed feed cistern is set, cistern is provided with 2-3, and other builds a pond, as the sedimentation basin or the phreatic aeration basin of surface water, cistern is connected by pipeline with the breed workshop.
2, hasten parturition parent's selection and combo: in the mating season of giant salamander, culture the individual combo artificial induced spawning of selecting gonadal maturation the workshop from the parent, the male and female individual number of same batch of combo is equipped with in 3: 2 ratios, and the standard that the parent selects is: all more than 5 ages, body weight is more than 4 kilograms for parental age, physical health does not have wound, build is normal, and it is clear to originate, and avoids with the different in nature close relative who criticizes in the individuality of hastening parturition as far as possible, female venter posterior is full, and finger pressure is flexible; Male secondary sexual character is obvious, and the small particles of outstanding body surface is arranged around the gonopore.
3, artificial induced spawning: use the conventional oxytocic drug of fishing, as gonadotrophin chorionic (HCG), consumption is 600-1500IU/kg, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A), consumption is 5-15 microgram/kg, during artificial induced spawning, adopt the drosal part intraperitoneal injection, the individual same dosage of male and female, synchronous shot mode after medicine is hastened parturition move on to the parent and wait to produce the workshop and observe, and water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃.
4, ovum artificial collection semen collection: the 90-120 after hastening parturition hour, male is adopted the belly extrusion, collect seminal fluid, the selection sperm viability is strong, and the seminal fluid that concentration is high is standby, in workshop to be produced, when finding that female parent has the adhesive tape output, the parent is moved on in the artificial insemination operating room, pull out the ovum grain gently, place in the basin.
5, artificial insemination: standby seminal fluid is poured in the basin that the ovum grain is housed, added half basin water, stirred gently 30～50 seconds, sperm is fully contacted with the ovum grain, left standstill 5-10 minute, use clear water rinsing ovum grain 2-4 time then.
6, artificial incubation: fertilized egg is moved in the pond in hatching workshop, put ovum 400-600 grain for every square metre.Miniflow water can be used in the hatching pond, and also available hydrostatic changes water every day once, quantity of exchanged water is half of Chi Shui, the hatchery water temperature is controlled at 17-21 ℃, changes water temperature difference less than 2 ℃, needs the dead embryo of extraction in the hatching process, in case water mold grows, in hatching 30-32 days have the part embryo to begin demoulding, in time pull out and are put in the seedling pond, at 39-40 days, will there be the manually auxiliary rupture of membranes of embryo of demoulding.
7, larval culture: behind the seedling membrane, change water once early stage every day, and water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, open-mouthed bait is thrown in, after the about week in behind membrane 25-35 days, all young opening changes normal nursing over to, change water every day before, the residual bait of last time is cleaned out, throw in bait after changing water, in the cultivating process, the individual difference that the seedling in the same pond may occur growing, every month with the adjustment of young specification once, makes the specification unanimity in the same cultivation pond as far as possible.
8, change the management of food and period of metamorphosis: after using open-mouthed bait to cultivate 5-6 month, food to the young changes, the available fresh and alive flesh of fish is cut into agreeable to the taste fritter throws something and feeds, or directly cultivate fry and feed, seedling is at 8-10 during the monthly age, most of individuality is in period of metamorphosis, this moment throw something and feed weekly once agreeable to the taste living fry or shrimp, and suitably deepen Chi Shui, generally add water and add 3-5cm on former height, water quality requirement is pure and fresh, and water temperature keeps relative stability, temperature difference per day is not more than 3 ℃, and carries out the prevention work of communicable disease.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders is characterized in that:
(1), setting up a factory breed workshop, feed cistern and water treating pond: set up the parent and culture the workshop, parent workshop to be produced, the hatching workshop, larval culture workshop and artificial insemination operation room, each workshop is brick mix structure independently, every 200-500 square meter is equipped with temperature regulating device in the workshop, built-in corresponding pond, sump area 1-10 square meter, the dark 40-60cm in pond, there is independently intake-discharge pipe in each pond, by different water conditions the breed feed cistern is set, cistern is provided with 2-3, other builds a pond, and as the sedimentation basin or the phreatic aeration basin of surface water, cistern is connected by pipeline with the breed workshop;
(2), the parent's that hastens parturition selection and combo: in the mating season of giant salamander, culture the individual combo artificial induced spawning of selecting gonadal maturation the workshop from the parent, the male and female individual number of same batch of combo is equipped with in 3: 2 ratios;
(3), artificial induced spawning: use the conventional oxytocic drug of fishing, as gonadotrophin chorionic (HCG), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A), adopt the drosal part intraperitoneal injection, the individual same dosage of male and female, synchronous shot mode, after medicine is hastened parturition the parent moved on to and wait to produce the workshop and observe, the water temperature in pond is controlled at 18-22 ℃;
(4), ovum artificial collection semen collection: the 90-120 after hastening parturition hour, male is adopted the belly extrusion, collect seminal fluid, the selection sperm viability is strong, and the seminal fluid that concentration is high is standby, in workshop to be produced, when finding that female parent has the adhesive tape output, the parent is moved on in the artificial insemination operating room, pull out the ovum grain gently, place in the basin;
(5), artificial insemination: standby seminal fluid is poured in the basin that the ovum grain is housed, added half basin water, stirred gently 30～50 seconds, sperm is fully contacted with the ovum grain, left standstill 5-10 minute, use clear water rinsing ovum grain 2-4 time then;
(6), artificial incubation: fertilized egg is moved in the pond in hatching workshop, put ovum 400-600 grain for every square metre, miniflow water can be used, also available hydrostatic in the hatching pond, change water every day once, the hatchery water temperature was controlled at 17-21 ℃, changes water temperature difference less than 2 ℃, at 30-32 days that hatch, there is the part embryo to begin demoulding, must in time pull out and be put in the seedling pond,, will not have the manually auxiliary rupture of membranes of embryo of demoulding at 39-40 days;
(7), larval culture: behind the seedling membrane, change water once early stage every day, and water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, and open-mouthed bait is thrown in behind membrane 25-35 days, after the about week, changes normal nursing over to;
(8), change the management of food and period of metamorphosis: after using open-mouthed bait to cultivate 5-6 month, the available fresh and alive flesh of fish is cut into agreeable to the taste fritter throws something and feeds, or directly cultivate fry and feed, seedling is at 8-10 during the monthly age, throw something and feed weekly once agreeable to the taste living fry or shrimp, and suitably deepen Chi Shui, generally add water and on former height, add 3-5cm, water temperature keeps relative stability, and temperature difference per day is not more than 3 ℃.
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| CNA200910062311XA CN101564022A (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders |
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| CNA200910062311XA CN101564022A (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Total artificial breeding technique for giant salamanders |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101933492A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-05 | 梁永金 | Method for artificially fertilizing giant salamander |
| CN102613137A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 黄俊海 | Standard breeding module and breeding system |
| CN102613136A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 黄俊海 | Standardized breeding module and breeding system |
| CN103493783A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-08 | 梅县海霞水产品有限公司 | Method for improving ovum quality of giant salamander parent |
| CN107156050A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 金寨县胜华娃娃鱼开发有限公司 | A kind of giant salamander early stage open-mouthed bait and its feeding method |
| CN109349216A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 黄山市鲵源渔业科技有限公司 | A method of the breeding giant salamander |
| CN112772554A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving rate of emergence of giant salamanders in breeding |
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 CN CNA200910062311XA patent/CN101564022A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101933492A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-05 | 梁永金 | Method for artificially fertilizing giant salamander |
| CN102613137A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 黄俊海 | Standard breeding module and breeding system |
| CN102613136A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 黄俊海 | Standardized breeding module and breeding system |
| CN103493783A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-08 | 梅县海霞水产品有限公司 | Method for improving ovum quality of giant salamander parent |
| CN103493783B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-01-13 | 梅县海霞水产品有限公司 | A kind of method improving ovum quality of giant salamander parent |
| CN107156050A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 金寨县胜华娃娃鱼开发有限公司 | A kind of giant salamander early stage open-mouthed bait and its feeding method |
| CN109349216A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 黄山市鲵源渔业科技有限公司 | A method of the breeding giant salamander |
| CN112772554A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving rate of emergence of giant salamanders in breeding |
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Open date: 20091028 |