CN101535630A - 具有碎片排放槽的涡轮机 - Google Patents

具有碎片排放槽的涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN101535630A
CN101535630A CNA2007800266272A CN200780026627A CN101535630A CN 101535630 A CN101535630 A CN 101535630A CN A2007800266272 A CNA2007800266272 A CN A2007800266272A CN 200780026627 A CN200780026627 A CN 200780026627A CN 101535630 A CN101535630 A CN 101535630A
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詹姆斯·艾夫斯
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Openhydro Group Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/126—Rotors for essentially axial flow, e.g. for propeller turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/33—Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05B2260/63—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chutes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种水电涡轮机，在该水电涡轮机中具有设置在壳体内的转子，该转子具有由壳体内的沟槽容纳的环形外轮缘，改良措施包括在所述壳体内设置至少一个碎片排放槽，以使聚集在转子与壳体之间的碎片通过碎片排放槽排放。

Description

具有碎片排放槽的涡轮机
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及利用液体(具体地是水)的流动来产生电力的涡轮机或发电装置，更具体地涉及此种装置，其中液体流动使得具有设置在大环形壳体内的环形外轮缘的大螺旋桨型或者叶轮型转子旋转。
背景技术
使用大涡轮机来产生电力是众所周知的。典型地，在大坝上安装水电涡轮机，以使受控的液体流促使螺旋桨型转子或者叶片旋转。这种较快的水流条件被称作高压头条件。还已知将涡轮机置于诸如由海湾、河口或者近海的潮汐流所产生的低压头条件中。这种涡轮机典型地安装在大支撑轴上。
虽然大多数的涡轮机被构造成具有中心旋转轴(叶片或叶轮安装于其上)，但是还已知制造出中心开口的涡轮机，也被称作装有轮缘的涡轮机。具有中心开口转子的涡轮机(其中叶片被安装在内环形环与外环形环或者轮缘之间并且其中能量通过外轮缘被传递至用于保持转子的环形壳体)在低压头条件下(即，在缓慢的水流中)能有尤其好的效果。
在1997年1月14日出版的第5,592,816号以及于2003年12月2日以RE38,336再出版的美国专利中、2003年11月18日出版的第6,648,589号美国专利中、2004年5月4日出版的第6,729,840号美国专利中、以及2005年2月10日公布的美国专利申请公开号US2005/0031442(序列号10/633,865)中可以看到中心开口、装有轮缘的涡轮机的实例。在授权于Heuss等人的第4,421,990号美国专利、授权于Vauthier的第6,168,373号和第6,406,251号美国专利、授权于Susman等人的第GB2,408,294号英国申请专利、以及授权于Davis等人的世界知识产权组织国际出版WO03/025385中可看到用于低压头(潮汐流)条件的水电涡轮机的实例。
液体驱动式涡轮机被视为是使用矿物燃料或者原子能的发电装置的环保取代物。在利用水来大规模产生能够为大工业中心、城镇、城市等供电的电力时，有必要提供大量的涡轮机，并且有必要使涡轮机尽可能地大，以使每台涡轮机的发电量最大化。这些涡轮的转子叶片的长度有若干米，而一些试验性的设计具有长度超过50米的叶片。
由于转子叶片的长度增加，提出了在小型涡轮机或者发电机中没有遇到的结构和制造上的挑战。对于安装有轴的涡轮机，提供既坚固又轻便的长叶片很困难。在一种解决方法中，装有轴的涡轮机的叶片设有环形外轮缘，该环形外轮缘容纳在环形壳体内，从而通过轴和轮缘为叶片提供支撑。可替换地，不具有中心轴的装有轮缘的涡轮机通过对叶片的内端和外端提供环形支撑(其中外支撑轮缘保持在具有环形狭槽或沟槽的壳体内)而为这个问题提供了解决办法。在产生电能的典型装置中，沿着环形支撑轮缘间隔设有多个磁体，并且沿着定子壳体中的容纳沟槽间设有多个线圈。转子磁场系统所建立的磁场横穿将转子与定子隔开的间隙。转子的旋转促使与线圈有关的磁通量变化，在线圈内诱发电磁力。
因为转子的环形外轮缘被容纳在定子壳体中的沟槽内，液体携带的碎片可能聚集在沟槽内。碎片的任何大量积聚都会妨碍转子的旋转并且可能引起损坏。碎片的积聚在低压头条件下(例如对于潮汐流发电机)可能最成问题，因为从相对缓慢流动的水中碎片更易于沉淀到壳体沟槽中。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是为具有布置在转子叶片上的环形外轮缘的涡轮机提供改良的结构，该外轮缘被保持在布置于壳体内的沟槽中，从而使碎片在沟槽内的积聚最小化或者被消除。另一目的是提供这样一种涡轮机，其中一个或多个碎片排放槽被布置在壳体沟槽中，从而使聚集在转子外轮缘与壳体沟槽之间的碎片将从涡轮机上落下或者被冲掉。
本发明是一种改良的液体驱动式涡轮机，优选地是水力型涡轮机，其中转子叶片由环形外轮缘支撑，并且外轮缘被保持在具有用于容纳外轮缘的沟槽的壳体内或由所述壳体容纳。在典型的构造中，涡轮机是发电机，因为在转子外轮缘上布置有磁体并且在壳体或定子沟槽中布置有线圈，因此转子在定子中的旋转产生电力。此改良措施对于如下的这类涡轮机尤其有益，即该涡轮机被浸没在提供低压头条件的水体中，因此流过涡轮机的水流速度是较缓慢的。
此改良措施包含在壳体沟槽中设置一个或多个碎片排放槽、沟槽或开口，以便聚集在转子外轮缘与壳体沟槽之间的任何碎片都可以由于重力作用或者由于流过碎片排放槽的液体的冲刷作用而通过碎片槽排出。
附图说明
图1是示意性涡轮机的视图，在此实例中是一个中心开口、装有轮缘的涡轮机，如从轴向透视图所看到的，该涡轮机包含具有环形外轮缘的转子和具有用以容纳转子外轮缘的沟槽的定子壳体。
图2是定子壳体的透视图。
图3是转子的透视图。
图4是沿着图1中的IV-IV线截取的局部横截面视图，示出了布置在定子壳体中的碎片槽。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图针对最佳方式与优选实施例详细描述本发明。在最通常的意义中，本发明是用于产生电力的涡轮机。在典型的代表性实施例中，涡轮机包含安装在定子壳体内的转子，转子具有环形外轮缘，环形外轮缘由定子壳体内的环形沟槽或狭槽容纳并保持。发电机装置可以包括布置在转子环形轮缘上的多个磁体与布置在定子壳体内部上(优选地位于容纳转子环形轮缘的沟槽内)的多个线圈的组合，尽管可以使用其他发电机装置。为了说明，涡轮机在附图中示出为中心开口、装有轮缘的转子，从而使得用于转子的所有支撑都由定子壳体提供，但应该理解的是，本发明也适用于具有装有轴的转子的涡轮机，该转子具有环形外轮缘。还应该理解的是，无论选择何种发电机装置，本发明都适用于具有被容纳在壳体内的外轮缘的任何涡轮机。
如图1至图3大体示出的，本发明是包含大致呈环形的壳体30的涡轮机或者发电装置10。所示壳体30的构造并不意味着对其进行限定，因为其他构造也是可行的，只要壳体30除其他目的以外还实现了保持旋转组件或转子20没有沿轴向或者径向方向的不希望的运动并允许转子20围绕旋转轴线旋转。壳体30包含一对定位法兰31，其限定出沟槽32以容纳和保持转子20。
旋转组件或转子20包含环形内轮缘件23和环形外轮缘件22，轮缘22和23优选地在垂直于中心旋转轴线的方向上是较薄的。内轮缘23与外轮缘22之间延伸有多个螺旋桨、叶轮或叶片件21，叶片21以已知的方式成一角度或者被扭曲，以使液体沿轴向方向并穿过定子壳体30的运动导致转子20的旋转。叶片21的具体数量、构造和材料成分可以变化，但是优选地，在不过分牺牲结构完整性的前提下叶片21被构造得尽可能得轻。
在大多数情形下涡轮机10被定向成使转子20的轴线大致是水平的，从而使叶片21在大致垂直的平面内旋转。壳体30的环形沟槽32因此也被定向成占据大致垂直的平面。基于此，沟槽32(具体的是沟槽32的最下部)变成聚集在转子20与壳体30之间的任何碎片的接收器，碎片是在驱动液经过涡轮机10时沉淀的。碎片在壳体沟槽32中积聚这个问题尤其存在于用在低压头条件下的水电涡轮机10中，例如由潮汐流提供动力的涡轮机10。水的相对缓慢运动与碎片的相对高的集中相结合呈现出大量碎片可能聚集在转子20与壳体30之间的情形。转子20在固定壳体30内的旋转连同重力作用导致碎片积聚在沟槽32(具体地是在沟槽32的底部)内。如果积聚量很大(无论是从碎片量或是从离散物体的尺寸来看)，转子20的旋转则可能受到增大的摩擦作用的不利影响，从而降低了涡轮机的效率。此外，积聚的碎片可能损坏转子20或沟槽32的表面，这对于涡轮机使用装在外轮缘22及沟槽32中的磁体和线圈的情形可能是尤其有害的。
为了解决碎片积聚的问题，如图4所示，壳体30设有一个或多个碎片排放槽、沟槽或开口50，以使聚集在沟槽32内的任何碎片都有办法排出或排放。在使用中，碎片排放槽50优选地被定向成大致向下，以便重力作用促进碎片的排放。尽管不是必需的，但是最优选地，至少一个碎片排放槽50直接布置在壳体沟槽32的底部或最下部中。因为涡轮机10的旋转作用可能导致碎片在沟槽32内沿圆周方向运动，故碎片排放槽50可以围绕整个沟槽32间隔一段距离地设置，包括水平线以上的上部。碎片排放槽50的具体尺寸、方向和构造是工程设计选择的问题并且可以不同于附图中所示的。例如，虽然图4中示出了碎片排放槽50垂直于涡轮机10的旋转轴线，但是碎片排放槽50也可以被定向在非垂直的方向中。同样地，虽然图4中的碎片排放槽50具有平行的壁，但是碎片排放槽可以这样形成，即，使得内膛的尺寸增大或减小。
应该理解的是，以上所阐述的某些构件的等同物和替代物对本领域技术人员可以是显而易见的，因此本发明的真正范围和定义如以下权利要求中所阐述的。

Claims (6)

1.一种液体驱动式涡轮机，包含：转子，具有装在叶片上的外轮缘；壳体，具有容纳所述转子的所述外轮缘的沟槽；以及发电机装置，用以产生电力，其中，至少一个碎片排放槽设置在所述沟槽中并且延伸穿过所述壳体，以使聚集在所述转子外轮缘与所述壳体沟槽之间的碎片通过所述至少一个碎片排放槽排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中，所述至少一个碎片排放槽在使用中被置于所述壳体沟槽的下部中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮机，其中，所述至少一个碎片排放槽在使用中被向下地定向。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮机，其中，所述至少一个碎片排放槽包括多个碎片排放槽。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机，其中，全部所述碎片排放槽在使用中都被向下地定向。
6.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机，其中，所述多个碎片排放槽围绕所述壳体沟槽设置，以使所述碎片排放槽中的一些在使用中位于所述壳体沟槽的上部中。
CN2007800266272A 2006-07-14 2007-07-13 具有碎片排放槽的涡轮机 Expired - Fee Related CN101535630B (zh)

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EP06014703.0 2006-07-14
EP06014703A EP1878911B1 (en) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Turbines having a debris release chute
PCT/EP2007/006236 WO2008006603A1 (en) 2006-07-14 2007-07-13 Turbines having a debris release chute

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CN101535630B CN101535630B (zh) 2011-01-12

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US (1) US8596964B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1878911B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5220009B2 (zh)
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JP2009543972A (ja) 2009-12-10
CA2658175C (en) 2013-12-24
AU2007271896A1 (en) 2008-01-17
US20100068037A1 (en) 2010-03-18
CA2658175A1 (en) 2008-01-17
RU2430263C2 (ru) 2011-09-27
EP1878911B1 (en) 2008-09-24
NO340614B1 (no) 2017-05-15
RU2009104364A (ru) 2010-08-27
EP1878911A1 (en) 2008-01-16
KR101259591B1 (ko) 2013-04-30
ATE409279T1 (de) 2008-10-15
DE602006002883D1 (de) 2008-11-06
WO2008006603A1 (en) 2008-01-17
AU2007271896B2 (en) 2011-09-08
JP5220009B2 (ja) 2013-06-26
MY146214A (en) 2012-07-31
NZ574055A (en) 2010-09-30
KR20090047471A (ko) 2009-05-12
CN101535630B (zh) 2011-01-12
US8596964B2 (en) 2013-12-03

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