CN101535450A - 粒状固体蜡颗粒 - Google Patents
粒状固体蜡颗粒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101535450A CN101535450A CNA2006800137099A CN200680013709A CN101535450A CN 101535450 A CN101535450 A CN 101535450A CN A2006800137099 A CNA2006800137099 A CN A2006800137099A CN 200680013709 A CN200680013709 A CN 200680013709A CN 101535450 A CN101535450 A CN 101535450A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- granular solid
- particle
- solid wax
- wax particle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 221
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000227 Microcitrus australasica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000057094 Microcitrus australasica Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 thin slice Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
- C10G73/40—Physical treatment of waxes or modified waxes, e.g. granulation, dispersion, emulsion, irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/02—Natural products
- C10M159/06—Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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- B32B2391/00—Waxes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
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- C10G2300/1085—Solid paraffins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
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- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4062—Geographical aspects, e.g. different process units form a combination process at different geographical locations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4068—Moveable devices or units, e.g. on trucks, barges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
- C10M2205/163—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
- C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/015—Distillation range
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
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Abstract
粒状固体蜡颗粒,其包含T10沸点低于427℃的高度链烷烃蜡和无机粉末涂层的;任选地在该具有低T10沸点的高度链烷烃蜡上的更高沸点的蜡层,在该更高沸点的蜡层上的无机粉末。在单独的实施方案中,用在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的粉末包覆T10沸点低于427℃的高度链烷烃蜡或在25℃下具有大于3mm/10的针入度的高度链烷烃蜡。还有,用于运输作为粒状固体蜡颗粒的T10沸点低于427℃的高度链烷烃蜡的方法。和,由从遥远的地点运输的粒状固体蜡颗粒制造基础油的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及适于在大型运输船内运输的粒状固体蜡颗粒组合物,运输粒状固体蜡颗粒的方法,和以运输来的固体蜡颗粒制造基础油的方法。
发明背景
通过各种不同的精炼方法制造高度链烷烃蜡。它可进一步被改善质量成为其它所希望的烃产品,例如燃料、润滑剂和化学品。由于蜡的质量改善设备制造起来昂贵,且在许多当前存在的精炼厂中存在改善蜡的质量的装置,通常希望在一个地方生产蜡并将蜡船运到遥远的地方用于进一步改善质量。问题在于蜡难于搬运,特别是难于大量搬运。
其他人通过下面的方式船运蜡:将蜡熔融并以其熔融态来运输、选择蜡的高沸点馏分并将其制成硬的固体小球、制成固体蜡小球并将其悬浮在其它烃液体中、和形成蜡在水中的乳液。在2004年9月28日提交的美国专利申请10/950662中描述了许多早期的船运方法。在一些情况下,船运粒状的蜡与船运熔融态蜡或淤浆相比是优选的。一种情况是当接受地点早已具有用于搬运粒状固体的设施的时候。
其他人也已经船运固体颗粒蜡;然而,这些蜡的沸点大大高于800℉以便这些蜡是硬的并能耐受挤压。当选择高沸点馏分时,对于可改善质量的较低沸点的蜡存在浪费损失。通常将这些固体蜡颗粒装在托盘(pallets)上的箱子内或袋子内船运,在那里每个托盘仅能装载约2000lbs。大量的早期的固体蜡颗粒在25℃下的针入度低。或者在25℃下它们的针入度低于2mm/10,或者它们被限制在小容器内船运,以便在它们的重量下它们不会破碎或彼此结块。
希望粒状固体蜡颗粒具有更低沸点的馏分或具有以ASTM D1321测的高针入度,它可在大型运输船的货舱内大批量船运而不会彼此结块或破碎。特别希望使用具有大货舱的船舶(例如原油油轮)来船运粒状固体蜡颗粒。
发明概述
我们已经发现了粒状固体蜡颗粒,其包含T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡和无机粉末涂层。该粒状固体蜡颗粒易于在大型运输船的货舱内大批量运输。
在另一个实施方案中,我们已经发现了粒状固体蜡颗粒,其包含以ASTM D1321测量在25℃下大于3mm/10的针入度的蜡和在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的无机粉末涂层。
在单独的实施方案中,我们已经发现了粒状固体蜡颗粒,其包含:a)T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的第一种高度链烷烃蜡,b)置于第一种高度链烷烃蜡之上的T10沸点高于510℃(950℉)的第二种高度链烷烃蜡层,和c)包覆在第二种高度链烷烃蜡外侧的无机粉末。
我们还已经发现了粒状固体蜡颗粒,其包含T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的蜡和在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的粉末涂层。
此外,我们还发现了运输蜡的方法,其包括下列步骤:a)通过下面的方法生产粒状固体蜡颗粒:i)选择T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡,ii)使该蜡形成最长方向上直径为0.1-50mm的固体颗粒,iii)用无机粉末包覆这些蜡颗粒;b)将该粒状固体蜡颗粒装入运输船中;c)运输所装入的粒状固体蜡颗粒;和d)卸下所装入的粒状固体蜡颗粒。
在单独的实施方案中,我们已经发现由从遥远的地点运输来的蜡制备基础油的方法,该方法包括:a)将运输船内高度高于7.5m的粒状固体蜡颗粒运输至遥远的地点,其中该粒状固体蜡颗粒由T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡或者以ASTM D1321测量在25℃下针入度大于3mm/10的高度链烷烃蜡和无机粉末涂层来制造;和b)加氢处理该粒状固体蜡颗粒以生产一种或多种基础油。
发明详述
尽管与船运液体烃相比,船运粒状固体颗粒会相对昂贵,但许多普通产品用此方法船运。以粒状固体颗粒经济性地船运的产品的实例是谷物、加氢处理催化剂、煤和颗粒化的洗涤剂。只要固体颗粒不破碎或彼此结块,它们可易于使用多种方法来以粒状固体运输。
Sasol、Shell和其它的蜡生产商,当前销售粒状固体蜡小球、薄片、颗粒或锭剂。他们以小包装来销售和运输以防止因产品的重量导致破裂或固体颗粒彼此结块。此外,截至本发明,所销售的粒状固体蜡颗粒的T10沸点大于800℉。高度链烷烃的费托衍生的粒状固体蜡颗粒的一些实例如下所示。
在本公开的上下文中,粒状固体蜡颗粒是自由流动的固体。“自由流动”是指:能够连续地流动或运动。其它自由流动的固体的实例包括谷物、加氢处理催化剂、煤和颗粒化的洗涤剂。本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒在最长的方向上的颗粒尺寸大于0.1mm。优选它们在最长的方向上的颗粒尺寸为直径0.3-50mm,且更优选在最长的方向上的颗粒尺寸为直径1-30mm。在本发明中最有用的粒状固体蜡颗粒的形状选自下列形状之一:锭体、片状、椭圆体、圆柱体、球体、蛋状和近似的球体。近似的球体是指长径比低于约1.3的通常为圆形的形状。本文所使用的长径比是几何学术语,其定义为:颗粒的最大投影值除以颗粒的宽度值。“最大投影”是指最大可能的颗粒投影。这有时称作最大测径器尺寸并且是颗粒的最大横截面的最大尺寸。颗粒的“宽度”是指垂直于最大投影颗粒的颗粒投影并且是垂直于最大投影的颗粒的最大尺寸。如果用颗粒的样品来确定长径比,可通过测量一些代表性的颗粒的长径比并将结果取平均。代表性颗粒应该通过ASTMD5680-95a(2001年再批准)来取样。可通过许多方法使蜡形成固体颗粒,包括成型、成粒、翻滚、挤压、滚动结块、挤出、液压成型和旋转成型。例如,Sandvik Process Systems(上海)已经开发了大型旋转成型设备,用来生产可用于本发明的自由流动的链烷烃蜡的锭体。
在本公开的上下文中,高度链烷烃蜡是具有高含量的正构链烷烃(正-链烷烃)的蜡。在本发明的加工方案的实践中使用的高度链烷烃蜡通常包含至少40wt%的正-链烷烃,优选多于50wt%的正-链烷烃,和更优选多于75wt%的正-链烷烃。一般由气相色谱法确定正-链烷烃的重量百分比,例如在2004年7月22日提交的美国专利申请10/897906中所详细描述的。
可用于本发明的高度链烷烃蜡的实例包括疏松石蜡、脱油的疏松石蜡、提炼过的渣滓油、蜡质润滑剂残液、正-链烷烃蜡、NAO蜡、在化学装置过程中产生的蜡、脱油的石油衍生的蜡、微晶蜡、费托衍生蜡,以及它们的混合物。在本发明的实践中使用的高度链烷烃蜡的倾点通常高于约50℃并通常高于约60℃。术语“费托衍生的”是指产物、馏分或源自于或产生于费托过程的一些阶段的进料。用于费托过程的原料可来自于多种烃资源,包括天然气、煤、页岩油、石油、城市废物、这些的衍生物和它们的组合物。
本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒组合物中使用的高度链烷烃蜡具有低的T10沸点。在本发明之前,具有如此低的T10沸点的粒状固体蜡会太软,且在批量运输过程中它们会在压力下彼此结块。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒还具有宽的沸点。宽沸点的粒状固体蜡颗粒是所希望的,例如,因为沸点越宽,粒状固体蜡颗粒的抗压碎性越好,且可由它生产的成品的范围越宽,优选包括一种或多种等级的基础油。除非另有陈述,使用模拟蒸馏总沸点(SIMDIST TBP)标准分析方法ASTM D6352或其等价物来测量本公开中的所有沸程分布和沸点。这里使用的与ASTM D6352等价的分析方法是指能给出与该标准方法基本相同的结果的任何分析方法。T10沸点是10wt%的蜡沸腾时的温度。T90沸点是90wt%的蜡沸腾时的温度。适用于本发明的高度链烷烃蜡的T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)。优选地,该高度链烷烃蜡的T10沸点低于343℃(650℉)。此外,适用于本发明的高度链烷烃蜡的T90沸点优选高于538℃(1000℉)。优选地,该高度链烷烃蜡的最终沸点将高于约620℃(约1150℉)。小于约10wt%的高度链烷烃蜡将优选地在低于约260℃(约500℉)下沸腾。由于该高度链烷烃蜡的沸程宽,T10沸点和T90沸点之间的差将优选大于约275℃(约500℉)。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒组合物中使用的高度链烷烃蜡在25℃下具有高的针入度。针入度由ASTM D1321-04测定。在25℃下该针入度高于3mm/10,优选高于5。在本发明之前,具有这么高针入度的蜡太软以至于不能在大型运输船内船运而不彼此结块。
本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒包含上述的高度链烷烃蜡和无机粉末涂层。本发明使用的无机粉末化合物在室温下必须为固态的、非吸水的,且能够经由常规的颗粒生产技术粉碎至精细的微米或亚微米尺寸的粉末。有用的无机粉末化合物包括但不限于周期表(IUPAC 1997)第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13和/或14族的元素的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、和上述化合物的组合。在本领域中使用的更优选的无机化合物应该是容易得到的且低成本的。它们包括但不限于氧化铝、磷酸铝、氧化镁、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、氧化钙、氧化铁、二氧化硅、硅酸盐,和各种粘土和矿物例如高岭土、凹凸棒石、spiolite、滑石、长石、橄榄石、白云石、磷灰石等。然而粉末涂层的成本和可得性是重要的,用于本技术中的最优选的化合物是在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的那些粉末化的物质。
我们已经发现简单的测试,这里称作“热态滴蜡测试”,其中将80℃下的热的熔融的蜡滴(从滴眼药瓶中)滴到平堆的被加热到与蜡相同温度的粉末上。对于最有用的粉末来说,蜡会立即被该粉末吸附,产生的粉末涂层不显示湿润,且冷却后,通过例如在手指间搓动该充满蜡的粉末,该充满蜡的粉末能易于展开和分散。对于次优选的粉末来说,熔融的蜡滴会在表面上停留几秒,然后缓慢渗入该粉末中而产生看起来显著湿润的区域。冷却该充满蜡的次优选的粉末后,所吸附的蜡会与该粉末形成“扣状物”,表明蜡已将该次优选的粉末封住。在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的一些最有用的粉末包括但不限于γ-氧化铝、α-氧化铝、二氧化钛和它们的混合物。吸附发生在当一种物质通过物理结合被另一种物质容纳在内时,而不是与另一种物质化学结合(这是吸收)。
该粉末的颗粒尺寸总是显著小于使用它们的高度链烷烃蜡颗粒的尺寸。因此,该粉末涂层的颗粒尺寸应该小于100微米直径且更优选小于10微米直径。颗粒尺寸和表面杂质会影响该热态滴蜡测试。因此,将该粉末涂层材料研磨到可接受地实施于该热态滴蜡测试中的尺寸是重要的。
以总蜡颗粒的百分比计的粉末的量显然将取决于蜡颗粒的表面与体积的比例和粉末涂层与蜡颗粒的粘附系数。然而,由于成本和处理问题,希望该粉末涂层占全部包覆的蜡颗粒的低于8wt%。更优选地,粉末的重量占全部包覆的蜡颗粒的0.1-5wt%,和甚至更优选为0.1-3wt%或0.5-3wt%,以确保蜡颗粒的表面上有足够量的粉末以防止该颗粒在运输过程中粘结或彼此结块。
粉末涂层是可应用于固体蜡颗粒的外表面而无需溶剂或挥发性载体的干燥的涂层。可用来施涂该该粉末涂层的设备的实例是喷枪、翻滚鼓混合器和振动传送带。
运输船的货舱内的蜡的高度越高,发生破碎或结块的可能性越高。在重载荷下,本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒不会彼此结块或破碎。一般,它们会承受大于450g/cm2的载荷,更优选大于600g/cm2,且甚至更优选大于650g/cm2。690g/cm2的载荷等价于从约12米的固体蜡颗粒上压下来的力。当本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒在运输船内被装至高于7.5米的高度时,优选装至高于12米的高度时,可在运输船内将它们运输到遥远的地方。
在T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡和粉末涂层之间,本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒的实施方案具有更硬的蜡的层。该更硬的蜡的T10沸点高于510℃(950℉),以便赋予该颗粒更高的耐挤压性。可通过浸渍、喷雾、喷涂、标准的挂糖衣或其它涂覆方法涂覆该更硬的蜡的层。
可使用多种散装固体搬运设备将该粒状固体蜡颗粒装入运输船内,包括传送带、螺旋输送机、气动输送机、管道系统、铲式装货机、鼓风机、真空-压力装料系统和斗式装料机。由于在输运和运输该蜡颗粒时所产生粉尘,有必要在海岸上或船上使用一种或多种捕集空气夹带的细颗粒的方法,例如空气过滤器、旋风分离器、静电沉降器或本领域已知的任何其它方法。由于本发明的粒状固体蜡颗粒不易压碎和彼此粘结,它们可通过常规的设备相对方便地加以处理。优选将它们装到高于7.5米的高度,优选高于12米,以便在大型运输船的货舱内大批量运输它们。优选的运输船是原油油轮。
在优选的实施方案中,载有粒状固体蜡颗粒的装货运输船运输到遥远的地方,在那里卸下该粒状固体蜡颗粒用于进一步加工。可使用与给运输船装货类似的方法从运输船上卸下该粒状固体蜡颗粒。也是由于粉末涂层的摩擦,有必要提供捕集灰尘的设备,例如颗粒过滤器、旋风分离器、静电沉降器等。可选地,可就在卸货之前在船上制备粒状固体蜡颗粒的淤浆,以便将该蜡以液体淤浆的形式从船上泵送出来。在2004年9月28日提交的美国专利申请10/950653、10/950654和10/950662描述了适于使用的淤浆方法,并将这些专利引入本文。用于生成液体/蜡淤浆的液体包括水、醇、轻蒸馏物、中等级蒸馏物、真空瓦斯油、和/或其它精炼厂料流或它们的组合。在蜡的硫杂质成为关键问题的场合下,优选低硫的液体。或者,在所得到的产物被送入常规的加氢裂化反应器或润滑剂加氢裂化反应器的一些精炼厂中,可将液体烃原料例如真空瓦斯油泵入到运输船的货舱内,来以淤浆的形式从运输船上移出蜡。
在一个实施方案中,可用气动系统从运输船上卸下该固体蜡颗粒。使用旋风分离器来回收蜡,并将蜡放入油相中用于进一步加工。设置旋风分离器的条件以使得至少一部分该所述的粉末与所述的固体蜡颗粒分开。可在常规的空气过滤系统(布袋室)中将该粉末从空气中捕集下来,还可能使用静电沉降器。任选地,可将至少一部分所回收的粉末返回到该粒状固体蜡颗粒的生产地点。
在本发明的上下文中,遥远的地方是至少10英里远的地点,它优选是至少100英里远的地点。该遥远的地方可以是精炼厂,或更具体是基础油生产工厂。进一步的加工可包括熔融、从该粒状固体蜡颗粒上除去粉末涂层、真空蒸馏、加氢处理、溶剂脱蜡、粘土处理和调和。
粉末涂层会影响蜡的后续处理,可通过下面一种或多种方法将其除去:摩擦、空气吹扫、水洗、酸洗或更优选通过熔融该蜡来将粉末涂层除去。熔融该蜡时,在大多数情况下更质密的粉末涂层会简单地沉降到槽或容器的底部,在那里可将其收集并出售或简单地再处理并返回到该粒状固体蜡颗粒的生产地点。对于非常细的粉末涂层来说,有必要加入澄清剂或添加剂,或使用水力旋流器来将该无机成份与熔融的蜡分离。或者,可通过过滤或蒸馏来提纯该熔融的蜡。
特别优选的进一步操作选项,和使低沸点的高度链烷烃蜡具有优异的性质的操作是,加氢处理该粒状固体蜡颗粒以生产一种或多种基础油。加氢处理选项包括加氢处理、加氢裂化、加氢异构化、和加氢精制。较轻的产品,例如柴油和石脑油,也可作为该低沸点的高度链烷烃蜡的加氢处理的副产品而产生。适用于对低沸点的高度链烷烃蜡进行加氢处理的步骤的实例在2003年12月23日提交的美国专利申请10/744870中有述,并将其完全引入本文。
在一个实施方案中,如果所述的加氢处理是在上升流加氢处理条件下进行,有可能在加氢处理该蜡之后将该粉末除去。用于上升流加氢处理蜡的优选的方法在美国专利6,359,018中有述,并将其引入本文。可用于从加氢处理产物液体中除去该粉末的方法的实例是过滤、蒸馏、离心分离和它们的组合。在一些场合下,从加氢处理产物液体中除去该粉末比在加氢处理之前从粒状固体蜡颗粒中除去它们更容易些。
下面的实施例将用来进一步举例说明本发明,但不意指作为本发明的范围的限制。
实施例
实施例1
对使用钴基费托催化剂制备的费托蜡的样品进行分析,并发现其具有如表I所示的性质。
表I:费托蜡
蜡性质 | |
氮,ppm | 7.6 |
D6352 SIMDIST TBP(WT%),℉T0.5T5T10T20T30T40T50T60T70T80T90T95T99 | 427573625692736789825874926986106111241221 |
针入度,mm/10,ASTM D132125℃43℃65℃ | 5.115.855.2 |
实施例2
通过在黄铜模具内使熔融的蜡成型来使实施例1所述的蜡形成直径约10mm的基本上为球形的颗粒。将15克该蜡颗粒放置在2”直径的黄铜/青铜料粒压具内的单一的层中。向该蜡颗粒缓慢施加690g/cm2的负荷,并均匀地在该料粒压具的活塞上放置大的重量。假定蜡的密度为0.936g/cm3而空隙部分占40%,690g/cm2的载荷等价于从约12米(40英尺)的固体蜡颗粒上压下来的力。在20℃下将该颗粒存储在该负荷下。一周后,移去负荷,并仔细而缓慢地移动该料粒压具上的活塞以推出该蜡颗粒。观察到未包覆的蜡颗粒彼此粘结成单一的固体块。当该压缩的蜡块放置在Petri盘上然后倾斜时,该蜡仍粘附在一起成为一个大块。这表明未包覆的蜡不能在大型运输船的货舱内船运,因为在旅途的终端,从货舱中移出该蜡将会非常困难和/或代价高昂。
实施例3
将实施例2所描述的10mm直径的蜡颗粒放在塑料袋内与下面的粉末之一一起摇动来包覆该蜡颗粒:1.8wt%的二氧化钛(JT Baker)、0.7wt%的γ-氧化铝(0.05微米,来自Buehler)、2.8wt%的碳酸钙(JT Baker)、1.0wt%的白色小麦面粉(Gold Medal)、1.0wt%粉末化的糖(C&H),或0.1wt%活性炭(Darco KB-B,Aldrich)。然后将15克的每种类型的包覆的颗粒分别放入2”直径的黄铜/青铜料粒压具内并在20℃下向该包覆的蜡颗粒施加690g/cm2的负荷一星期。移去所施加的负荷,然后将该蜡颗粒仔细地从料粒压具内推出。然后将该包覆的蜡颗粒放置在Petri盘上,然后将该盘倾斜约30°以观察颗粒如何流动。实施例2和3的观察结果概述于下表II中:
表II:一星期后对包覆的蜡颗粒的观察结果
涂层 | 浓度 | 观察 | 效果 |
二氧化钛 | 1.8wt% | 所有颗粒自由流动,无团块 | 极好 |
γ-氧化铝 | 0.7wt% | 仅两个颗粒彼此粘结 | 极好-好 |
碳酸钙 | 2.8wt% | 一些颗粒结块 | 一般-好 |
白面粉 | 1.0wt% | 一些颗粒结块 | 一般-好 |
粉末化的糖 | 1.0wt% | 大量的颗粒结块 | 一般 |
活性炭 | 0.1wt% | 大量的颗粒结块 | 差-一般 |
无涂层 | 0wt% | 单一的块 | 彻底失败 |
二氧化钛和γ-氧化铝粉末粉末涂层彻底防止了蜡颗粒在所施加的负荷下彼此结块。碳酸钙涂层的效果稍差但如果负荷较小时仍可能起作用。活性炭涂层是各涂层中效果最差的。然而,显然,即便是差劲的粉末涂层也胜过根本没有涂层。
实施例4
为了从那些次有效的粉末涂层中区分出高度有效的粉末涂层,我们发现,通过观察热的熔融的蜡滴如何与加热到相同温度的测试粉末相互作用,有可能预测在实施例2和3所使用的加压测试中的粉末涂层的性能。因此,将加热到80℃的一滴来自于实施例1的费托蜡放置在约3g的用抹刀平整过并也加热到80℃的测试粉末上。然后将蜡和测试粉末冷却到20℃。在80℃时和在冷却到20℃后进行观察。观察结果概述于下表III。
表III:热态蜡滴测试的观察结果
涂层 | 80℃下的观察结果 | 20℃下 |
二氧化钛 | 立即吸附 | 充满蜡的粉末易于在手指间分开-未封住 |
γ-氧化铝 | 立即吸附 | 充满蜡的粉末易于在手指间分开-未封住 |
碳酸钙 | 费托蜡滴在表面上停留数秒 | 蜡已经封住粉末,形成“扣状物” |
活性炭 | 费托蜡滴在表面上停留数秒 | 蜡已经封住粉末,形成“扣状物” |
这些结果表明,某些粉末涂层例如二氧化钛非常难与费托蜡相互作用,使得它不能被蜡封住,且因此不形成固体“扣状物”。显然,当两个由T10沸点低于800℉的高度链烷烃蜡组成的蜡颗粒经受等价于12米的蜡的压力时,接触点会表面变形。粉末涂层帮助阻止蜡从一个颗粒到下一个颗粒的相互扩散。因此,颗粒易于分开。可被蜡封住的粉末不如看起来容易吸附蜡的那些粉末有效。充满蜡的二氧化钛颗粒几乎和纯起始材料一样流动和散开。这不同于我们测试的其它粉末的情况,例如碳酸钙和活性炭,它们在室温下形成“扣状物”。
这些结果表明,包含用粉末(例如二氧化钛粉末)包覆的T10沸点低于800℉的高度链烷烃蜡的固体蜡颗粒,将理想地用来在大型运输船(例如原油油轮)的货舱内长距离地船运。
Claims (30)
1.粒状固体蜡颗粒,包含:
a.T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡;和
b.无机粉末涂层。
2.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的高度链烷烃蜡还具有高于538℃(1000℉)的T90沸点。
3.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中该粒状固体蜡颗粒的尺寸在最长的方向上为0.3-50mm。
4.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中该粒状固体蜡颗粒的形状选自锭体、片状、椭圆体、圆柱体、球体、蛋状和近似的球体。
5.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的无机粉末选自氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和它们的组合。
6.权利要求5的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的无机粉末含有一种或多种来自于周期表(IUPAC 1997)第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14族的元素。
7.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的无机粉末选自γ-氧化铝、α-氧化铝、二氧化钛和它们的混合物。
8.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中无机粉末涂层的量占全部粒状固体蜡颗粒的0.1-5wt%。
9.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的高度链烷烃蜡是费托衍生的。
10.权利要求1的粒状固体蜡颗粒,包含:
a.T10沸点低于343℃(650℉)且T90沸点高于538℃(1000℉)的高度链烷烃蜡;和
b.其量占该粒状固体蜡颗粒总组成的0.1-5wt%的无机粉末涂层。
11.粒状固体蜡颗粒,包含:
a.T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的第一种高度链烷烃蜡;
b.置于第一种高度链烷烃蜡之上的T10沸点高于510℃(950℉)的第二种高度链烷烃蜡的层;和
c.包覆在第二种高度链烷烃蜡外侧的无机粉末。
12.粒状固体蜡颗粒,包含:
a.T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的蜡;和
b.在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的粉末的涂层。
13.权利要求12的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的粉末是选自氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和它们的组合的无机粉末。
14.权利要求12的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的无机粉末含有一种或多种来自于周期表(IUPAC 1997)第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13和14族的元素。
15.权利要求12的粒状固体蜡颗粒,其中所述的无机粉末选自γ-氧化铝、α-氧化铝、二氧化钛和它们的混合物。
16.运输蜡的方法,包括:
a.生产粒状固体蜡颗粒,通过:
i.选择T10沸点低于427℃(800℉)的高度链烷烃蜡;
ii.使所述蜡形成在最长方向上直径为0.1-50mm的固体颗粒;
iii.用无机粉末包覆所述蜡颗粒;
b.将所述粒状固体蜡颗粒装入运输船中;
c.运输所装入的粒状固体蜡颗粒;和
d.卸下所装入的粒状固体蜡颗粒。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中在运输船内所装入的粒状固体蜡颗粒的高度高于7.5m。
18.用于运输粒状固体蜡颗粒至基础油生产工厂的权利要求16的方法,还包括加氢处理该粒状固体蜡颗粒。
19.权利要求16的方法,其中所述的高度链烷烃蜡还具有高于538℃(1000℉)的T90沸点。
20.权利要求16的方法,其中所述的运输船是原油油轮。
21.权利要求16的方法,其中所述的高度链烷烃蜡是费托衍生的。
22.权利要求16的方法,还包括将所述的无机粉末涂层从所述粒状固体蜡颗粒上除去。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中通过摩擦、空气吹扫、过滤、粘土处理、水洗、酸洗、蒸馏、熔化或它们的组合来实施所述的除去步骤。
24.权利要求16的方法,还包括在卸下之前形成所述的粒状固体蜡颗粒的淤浆。
25.由从遥远的地点运输来的蜡制备基础油的方法,包括:
a.将运输船内高度高于7.5米的粒状固体蜡颗粒运输至遥远的地点,其中该粒状固体蜡颗粒包含:
i.高度链烷烃蜡,其具有:
1)低于427℃(800℉)的T10沸点;或
2)以ASTM D1321测得的在25℃下大于3mm/10的针入度;和
ii.粉末涂层;和
b.加氢处理所述粒状固体蜡颗粒以生产一种或多种基础油。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的高度链烷烃蜡是费托衍生的。
27.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的粉末涂层的粉末在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住。
28.权利要求25的方法,还包括在加氢处理之前将所述的粉末涂层从所述的粒状固体蜡颗粒上除去。
29.权利要求25的方法,还包括将所述的粉末涂层从加氢处理步骤的一种或多种液体产物中除去。
30.粒状固体蜡颗粒,包含:
a.蜡,其具有以ASTM D1321测得的在25℃下大于3mm/10的针入度;和
b.在热态滴蜡测试中吸附蜡而不被蜡所封住的无机粉末的涂层。
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CN102505607A (zh) * | 2011-11-13 | 2012-06-20 | 初慧民 | 石蜡溜冰场的制造方法 |
CN109135826A (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种粉状费托蜡的制备方法 |
CN111787999A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-10-16 | Ifp 新能源公司 | 用于改进用固体颗粒填充腔室的预处理方法 |
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DE102008021005A1 (de) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Partikuläre Wachskomposite mit Kern/Hülle-Struktur und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
CN102132153B (zh) * | 2008-08-25 | 2014-08-20 | Nxp股份有限公司 | 减小电子设备中的电容性充电 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102505607A (zh) * | 2011-11-13 | 2012-06-20 | 初慧民 | 石蜡溜冰场的制造方法 |
CN111787999A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-10-16 | Ifp 新能源公司 | 用于改进用固体颗粒填充腔室的预处理方法 |
CN111787999B (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-08-11 | Ifp 新能源公司 | 用于改进用固体颗粒填充腔室的预处理方法 |
CN109135826A (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种粉状费托蜡的制备方法 |
CN109135826B (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-07-17 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种粉状费托蜡的制备方法 |
Also Published As
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NL1031392A1 (nl) | 2006-10-03 |
AU2006232936B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
AU2011200748A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
GB2445638B (en) | 2009-06-17 |
JP2008538125A (ja) | 2008-10-09 |
GB0721085D0 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
US20080132745A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
NL1031392C2 (nl) | 2007-06-12 |
JP2012162745A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
AU2006232936A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
KR20070116953A (ko) | 2007-12-11 |
BRPI0609488A2 (pt) | 2011-10-11 |
US7501019B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
US20080128321A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
WO2006107552A3 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
WO2006107552A2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
GB2445638A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
ZA200709242B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
US20070243381A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
CN101535450B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
US7754066B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
JP5039023B2 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
JP2012162746A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
US7754065B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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