CN101517111B - 冶金粉末组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

冶金粉末组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101517111B
CN101517111B CN2007800350874A CN200780035087A CN101517111B CN 101517111 B CN101517111 B CN 101517111B CN 2007800350874 A CN2007800350874 A CN 2007800350874A CN 200780035087 A CN200780035087 A CN 200780035087A CN 101517111 B CN101517111 B CN 101517111B
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chromium carbide
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O·贝格曼
P·努尔森
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Hoganas AB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C37/00Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12181Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]

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Abstract

本发明涉及适于制造压制和烧结部件的耐磨铁基粉末,其包含10至20重量%的Cr、0.5至5重量%的Mo、和1至2重量%的C。该粉末的特征在于包括预合金水雾化铁基粉末颗粒和扩散结合于预合金粉末颗粒上的碳化铬颗粒。本发明还涉及制备该粉末的方法。

Description

冶金粉末组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铁基粉末。本发明尤其涉及适合制造耐磨产品的粉末。
背景技术
具有高耐磨性的产品被广泛应用,人们一直在寻求与现有的耐磨产品相比具有相同或更好的性能但更廉价的耐磨产品。
具有高耐磨性的产品的制备可以以例如粉末为基础,例如铁或铁基粉末,包括碳化物形式的碳。
一般来说,碳化物非常硬并具有高熔点,这些特点使它们在很多应用领域具有高的耐磨性。这种耐磨性通常使碳化物适于作为需要高耐磨性的钢(例如用于钻头、机床、阀座等的钢,例如高速钢HSS)中的组分。Mo、W、V是形成高强度碳化物的元素,因此这些元素特别有利于制造耐磨产品。Cr是另一种形成碳化物的元素。
E.Pagounis等人在Materials science and engineering A246,1998,221-234中公开了耐磨材料的制备,该耐磨材料由钢粉制备,其中钢粉与陶瓷粉末(例如Cr3C3)干混合。
尽管从该文献获知的材料具有良好的耐磨性,但仍然需要具有相同或更好的性能但更廉价的材料。还需要不存在该文献中提到的分离问题的粉末。
因此,如果能够不使用例如W、V和Nb的贵重金属则是有利的。如果这些材料能够以简单且成本有效的方式制造,则也是有益的。
发明概要
现已发现,由铁基粉末可以获得特征在于良好耐磨性的廉价材料。更具体地,该铁基粉末应包括10至20重量%的Cr、0.5至5重量%的Mo、以及1至2重量%的C,因此,该铁基粉末的特征在于包括预合金的水雾化铁基粉末颗粒、以及扩散结合于所述预合金粉末颗粒上的碳化铬颗粒。
与具有高耐磨性的常规粉末和硬化相中所使用的其它同类金属相比,铬是一种便宜得多而且更容易得到的形成碳化物的金属,因此,在用铬作为主要的形成碳化物的金属时,可以更廉价地制造粉末,并因此可以更廉价地制造压实的产物。还出人意料地发现,根据本发明用铬作为主要的形成碳化物的金属,可以获得耐磨性足以用于例如阀座应用的粉末。
此外,通过使用该粉末,还避免了在使用由不同粒度和不同密度的不同合金元素和其它添加剂的粉末构成的组合物时出现的的分离问题。还减少或消除了起尘问题。
这种新型铁基粉末的特征还在于良好的可压缩性。
根据本发明,通过将预合金的水雾化铁基粉末与碳化铬颗粒混合,并将该混合退火,由此使碳化铬颗粒扩散结合于预合金粉末上,可以获得这种新型粉末。
此外,常规高速钢的碳化物一般都非常小,但根据本发明,以较大的铬碳化物可以得到同样有利的耐磨性。
为了使压实的产物在整个体积内具有均匀的性质,重要的是将粉末的所有不同成分紧密混合。由于不同合金元素和其它添加剂通常具有不同的粒度和不同的密度,因此如果不采用措施避免,将出现分离现象。根据本发明,通过提供预合金的铁基粉末,并通过扩散粘合将碳化物粘合在该铁基粉末上,克服了分离问题。因此,粉末的所有不同成分彼此物理连接,这是所获粉末是均匀的并且无论如何加工也没有分离危险的原因。这种粉末的制备还防止了各成分(例如石墨)的小颗粒的起尘,而这是其它粉末组合物常见的。
通过将碳化物扩散结合于预合金粉末的外部,获得了与具有相应组成但碳化物在预合金粉末颗粒内的粉末相比具有较好可压缩性的粉末。
将预合金粉末水雾化而不是气雾化或研磨,也提高了可压缩性,因为这产生了相对不规则形态的颗粒。
优选实施方式的详细描述
预合金水雾化铁基粉末可以是购得的或者可以其它方式获得的铁基粉末,例如工具钢粉末,例如本身具有良好耐磨性的H13(Powdrex)。
预合金粉末优选具有40至100μm、更优选约80μm的平均粒度。
预合金粉末包括2至10重量%的铬、0.5至5重量%的钼、0.1至1重量%的碳,其余为铁、其它任选的合金元素和不可避免的杂质。预合金粉末可任选地包含其它合金元素,例如最高达3重量%的钨,最高达3重量%的钒,最高达2重量%的硅。还可任选地包含其它合金元素或添加剂。
在优选实施方案中,预合金粉末由3至7重量%的Cr、1至2重量%的Mo、0.2至0.5重量%的C和余量的Fe构成。
尽管本发明粉末的大部分碳化物是扩散结合的碳化铬,但是通过预合金粉末中的形成碳化物的成分,例如上述铬、钼、钨和钒,也可形成一些碳化物。
本发明铁基粉末的碳化铬可通过碾磨Cr3C2至所需粒度而获得。通常将碳化物颗粒制为小于45μm的粒度,并有利地制为至少8μm的平均粒度,优选制为10至30μm的平均粒度。
扩散结合的碳化物宜构成本发明粉末颗粒的5至30体积%,优选5至15体积%。
在优选实施方案中,本发明的扩散结合的粉末由10至15重量%的Cr、1至1.5重量%的Mo、0.5至1.5重量%的V、0.5至1.5重量%的Si、1至2重量%的C和余量的Fe构成。
在压实和烧结以制造具有高耐磨性的产品之前,可将本发明的扩散结合的粉末与其它粉末混合,例如其它铁基粉末、石墨、蒸发式润滑剂、固体润滑剂、机械加工性增强剂等等。例如,可将本发明粉末与纯铁粉和石墨粉混合,或与不锈钢粉末混合。可以添加有利于压实并然后在在烧结过程中蒸发的润滑剂,例如蜡、硬脂酸酯/盐、金属皂等,以及减小在使用烧结产物时的摩擦力并还增强其机械加工性的固体润滑剂,例如MnS、CaF2、MoS2等。还可以添加其它机械加工性增强剂和粉末冶金领域的其它常规添加剂。
实施例1
将从Powdrex购得的水雾化的工具钢H13(5%Cr,1.5%Mo,1%V,1%Si,0.35%C)与研磨过的碳化物粉末(Cr3C2,<45μm)混合。然后在1000℃将该混合物真空退火2天,由此将碳化物颗粒扩散粘结于预合金的H13颗粒上。所获扩散结合的粉末由13重量%的Cr、1.35重量%的Mo、0.9重量%的V、0.9重量%的Si、1.7重量%的C和余量的Fe构成。

Claims (7)

1.一种铁基粉末,包含:
10至20重量%的Cr;
0.5至5重量%的Mo;和
1至2重量%的C;
特征在于所述粉末包括预合金的水雾化铁基粉末颗粒和扩散结合在所述预合金粉末颗粒上的碳化铬颗粒,其中所述碳化铬颗粒具有8至45μm的平均粒度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁基粉末,其中所述碳化铬颗粒具有10至30μm的平均粒度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁基粉末,所述粉末包含5至30体积%的碳化铬。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁基粉末,由10至15重量%的Cr、1至1.5重量%的Mo、0.5至1.5重量%的V、0.5至1.5重量%的Si、1至2重量%的C和余量的Fe构成。
5.制造铁基粉末的方法,包括:
将预合金的水雾化铁基粉末颗粒与碳化铬颗粒混合,其中所述预合金粉末包含2至10重量%的Cr、0.5至5重量%的Mo和0.1至1重量%的C,所述碳化铬颗粒具有8至45μm的平均粒度;和
将该混合物退火,从而使碳化铬颗粒扩散结合于预合金粉末颗粒上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述碳化铬颗粒具有10至30μm的平均粒度。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中所述预合金粉末由3至7重量%的Cr、1至2重量%的Mo、0.2至0.5重量%的C和余量的Fe构成。
CN2007800350874A 2006-09-22 2007-09-20 冶金粉末组合物及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101517111B (zh)

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