CN101506119B - 太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体 - Google Patents
太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101506119B CN101506119B CN200780031412XA CN200780031412A CN101506119B CN 101506119 B CN101506119 B CN 101506119B CN 200780031412X A CN200780031412X A CN 200780031412XA CN 200780031412 A CN200780031412 A CN 200780031412A CN 101506119 B CN101506119 B CN 101506119B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- solar control
- glazing
- infrared radiation
- layer
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Images
Classifications
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- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
- B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
- B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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Abstract
本发明公开一种太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其可包括设置在第一和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层之间的太阳能控制膜、以及第一和第二玻璃窗基底。所述太阳能控制膜可包括红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜和设置在所述红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜上的聚合物粘合剂层。所述聚合物粘合剂层可包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段,并且可以具有分散在其中的红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子。
Description
背景技术
本发明整体涉及太阳能控制玻璃窗(glazing)层合体及其形成方法。
当太阳光在更加直接地照射乘客的位置时,例如,太阳能控制玻璃窗为车辆中的乘客(尤其是靠近侧车窗玻璃的乘客)带来舒适感。太阳能控制玻璃窗可减少透射到(例如)车辆中的红外线能量的量。太阳能控制玻璃通常用作太阳能控制玻璃窗,然而,由于对于挡风玻璃、后车窗玻璃及侧车窗玻璃的透射性的法定限制,所以只有一小部分太阳能被吸收。
另一种太阳能控制技术是在玻璃上涂覆金属/氧化物涂层。这样能改善吸光玻璃的太阳能控制性,但金属涂层可能会干扰手机、车库开门器、雷达探测器、自动收费机等所使用的电磁频率。
此外,任何太阳能控制解决方案都必须能够满足挡风玻璃和其他玻璃窗装置的弯曲要求。这些弯曲要求通常会导致太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体分层。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施中,本发明涉及包括第一玻璃窗基底和设置在该第一玻璃窗基底上的第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体。太阳能控制膜设置在所述第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上,且第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在所述太阳能控制膜上。第二玻璃窗基底设置在所述第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上。
太阳能控制膜包括红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜和设置在该红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜上的聚合物粘合剂层。聚合物粘合剂层包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段。红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子分散在聚合物粘合剂层中。
在另一个示例性实施中,本发明涉及形成太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体的方法。将太阳能控制膜设置在第一和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层之间。该太阳能控制膜包括红外线辐射反射性膜和设置在其上的聚合物粘合剂层。该聚合物粘合剂层包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段,并且包括分散在该聚合物粘合剂层中的红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子。
将夹有太阳能控制膜的第一和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在第一与第二玻璃窗基底之间。施加热量和压力以形成太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体。
通过以下具体实施方式和附图,根据本发明的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体的这些及其他方面对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
附图说明
为了使本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员更容易理解如何制备和使用本发明,下面将结合附图来详细描述其示例性实施例。
图1是包括太阳能控制膜的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体的示意性剖视图;以及
图2是图1中所包括的太阳能控制膜的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下描述应当结合附图来阅读,其中不同附图中类似的元件以类似的标号来标注。附图不必按比例绘制,其示出选定的示例性实施例,并且不旨在限制本发明的范围。虽然示出了多种元件的构造、尺寸以及材料的实例,但是本领域的技术人员将认识到,所提供的多个实例具有可利用的适当替代形式。
除非另外指明,否则在所有情况下,说明书和权利要求书中用来表述特征尺寸、数量和物理特性的所有数字均应理解为由术语“约”来修饰。因此,除非有相反的指示,否则上述说明书和所附权利要求书中提出的数值参数均为近似值,并且根据本领域的技术人员利用本文所公开的教导内容而获得的所需特性,这些近似值可有所不同。
由端点表述的数值范围包括该范围内的所有数值(例如,1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4、和5)以及在此范围内的任何范围。
除非该内容另外明确指出,否则本说明书以及所附权利要求中的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“所述”涵盖具有复数指代的实施例。例如,提及的“膜”涵盖了具有一个、两个或更多个膜的具体情况。除非该内容另外明确指定,否则本说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“或”的含义通常包括“和/或”。
术语“聚合物”应被理解为包括聚合物、共聚物(例如使用两种或更多种不同单体形成的聚合物)、低聚物以及它们的组合,以及可形成可混溶的共混物的聚合物、低聚物或共聚物。
本发明整体涉及太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体及其形成方法。具体地讲,本发明涉及包括第一玻璃窗基底和第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在第一玻璃窗基底上。太阳能控制膜设置在第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上,并且第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在太阳能控制膜上。第二玻璃窗基底设置在第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上。
太阳能控制膜包括红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜和设置在红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜上的聚合物粘合剂层。聚合物粘合剂层包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段。红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子分散在聚合物粘合剂层中。然而本发明不受此限制,通过下面提供的实施例的讨论将获得本发明的各个方面的评定。
本文所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体不干扰电磁频率,其为汽车玻璃窗提供所需的可见光透射率,提供改善的太阳能控制性,并且在要求弯曲时不会分层。
图1是太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100的示意性剖视图。该太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体包括第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120。其中,第一和第二是任意的,并非旨在表明上或下、内或外、或者任何其他具体可能的取向或构造。第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130邻近第一玻璃窗基底110设置,且第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140邻近第二玻璃窗基底120设置。太阳能控制膜150设置在第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130与第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140之间。
上述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100可通过将单独的部分组装、然后进行层压来形成。第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130可以沿第一玻璃窗基底110设置。太阳能控制膜150可以设置为与第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130相接触。第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140可以设置为与太阳能控制膜150相接触,且第二玻璃窗基底120可以设置为与第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140相接触。
太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100可被构造为外观基本上透明,雾度值小于2或者甚至雾度值小于1。在一些情况下,太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100可被构造为可使可见光透射或至少基本上透射,其可见光透射率大于70%或大于72%。太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100可被构造为会减少穿过太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100的太阳能引发的热能的量,其具有大于约15%的能量反射率的值以及小于约50%的总太阳热透射率的值。
图2是太阳能控制膜150的示意性剖视图。太阳能控制膜150包括红外线辐射反射性膜152和聚合物粘合剂层154。红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子156设置在聚合物粘合剂层154内。在某些情况下,聚合物粘合剂层154可单独形成,然后将其沿红外线辐射反射性膜152设置。在一些情况下,聚合物粘合剂层154可以涂覆在红外线辐射反射性膜152上。
在某些情况下,如图所示,可以对太阳能控制膜150进行电晕处理,从而形成薄的表面处理层158。在一些情况下,可以以约1焦耳/平方厘米的比率对太阳能控制膜150进行氮气电晕处理。已经发现这种电晕处理可以显著增大层合体层的粘合力,从而使得这些层合体层在汽车玻璃窗组件的加工过程中或者需要弯曲的过程中不会分层。
第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120可以由任何适用的玻璃窗材料形成。在某些情况下,玻璃窗基底可以从在特定波长(包括可见光)处具有理想光学特性的材料中选取。在一些情况下,玻璃窗基底可以从能透射可见光谱内大部分光量的材料中选取。在某些情况下,第一玻璃窗基底110和/或第二玻璃窗基底120可以分别选自诸如玻璃、石英、蓝宝石等材料。在特定情况下,第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120可以均为玻璃。
在多个实施例中,第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120由相同材料形成,并具有相同、相似或基本相似的物理、光学或太阳能控制特性。例如,第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120均可由透明玻璃或绿色玻璃形成。在一些实施例中,第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120由不同材料形成,并具有不同的物理、光学或太阳能控制特性。例如,第一玻璃窗基底110可由透明玻璃形成,而第二玻璃窗基底120可由绿色玻璃形成。
第一玻璃窗基底110和第二玻璃窗基底120可以是平面的或非平面的。例如,如果打算将该太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100用作窗户玻璃窗组件的话,那么可以使用平面玻璃窗基底。诸如汽车挡风玻璃、侧车窗和后车窗之类的车用用途可建议使用非平面玻璃窗基底。如果需要,并根据太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100的预期用途,第一玻璃窗基底110和/或第二玻璃窗基底120可以包括其他诸如有色层、防刮涂层之类的部分。
如上所述,太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100包括第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140。第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140中的每一者都可以通过已知的水基或溶剂基缩醛化工艺来形成,在此种工艺中,在有酸性催化剂存在的情况下,聚乙烯醇与丁醛进行反应。在某些情况下,第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130和/或第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140可以包含可从Solutia Incorporated,St.Louis MO以商品名树脂商购获得的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或者由这样的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛形成。
在某些情况下,可以通过将树脂和(可任选的)增塑剂混合,并通过薄片模具将混合的配制物挤出来制备第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层130和/或第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层140。如果包含增塑剂的话,那么聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂可以包含约20份至80份增塑剂、或者可能约25份至60份增塑剂/100份树脂。
适用的增塑剂的例子包括多元酸酯或多元醇酯。适用的增塑剂为二(2-乙基丁酸)三乙二醇酯、二(2-乙基己酸)三乙二醇酯、三甘醇二庚酸酯、四甘醇二庚酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己酯环己酯、己二酸庚酯和己二酸壬酯的混合物、己二酸二异壬酯、己二酸庚酯壬酯,癸二酸二丁酯、如油改性的癸二酸醇酸树脂(sebacicalkyd)之类的聚合物增塑剂、以及如美国专利No.3,841,890所公开的磷酸酯和己二酸酯的混合物和如美国专利No.4,144,217所公开的磷酸酯和己二酸酯的混合物。
如上根据图2所述,太阳能控制膜150包括红外线辐射反射性膜152和聚合物粘合剂层154。在多个实施例中,红外线辐射反射性膜152为多层光学膜。这些层具有不同的折射率特性,从而使得一些光在相邻层之间的界面处反射。这些层足够薄,以使得在多个界面处反射的光发生相长干涉或相消干涉,从而使膜具有所需的反射或透射特性。对于设计用于反射在紫外、可见、近红外、或红外波长处的光的光学膜,通常每层的光学厚度(即,物理厚度乘以折射率)小于约1微米。然而,也可以包括较厚的层,如:膜外表面的表皮层,或设置在膜内用于分隔层组件的保护性边界层。
红外线辐射反射性膜152的反射和透射特性为各层(即,微层)的折射率的函数。各层至少在膜内的局部位置处可以通过面内折射率nx、ny、以及与膜的厚度轴相关的折射率nz来进行表征。这些折射率分别表示该被测材料对于沿相互正交的x轴、y轴和z轴偏振的光的折射率。在操作中,该折射率是通过恰当的材料选择及加工条件来进行控制的。红外线辐射反射性膜152可通过如下方式制备:通常将数十或数百层的两种交替的聚合物A、B共挤出,接下来可任选地使多层挤出物通过一个或多个倍增模具,然后拉伸该挤出物或者(否则)对该挤出物进行取向,从而形成成品膜。所得的膜通常由数十或数百个单独的层构成,调整这些单独层的厚度和折射率,从而在期望的光谱区域内(例如在可见光区、近红外光区和/或红外光区内)提供一个或多个反射谱带。为了用合理数目的层获得高反射率,优选地,相邻层对于沿x轴偏振的光表现出至少0.05的折射率差值(Δnx)。在一些实施例中,如果期望对于两种正交的偏振光具有高反射率,那么相邻层对于沿y轴偏振的光也表现出至少0.05的折射率差值(Δny)。在其他实施例中,折射率差值Δny可以小于0.05或为0,从而产生这样一种多层叠堆,该多层叠堆反射某一偏振态的垂直入射光,并透射正交偏振态的垂直入射光。
如果需要,还可以调整相邻层对于沿z轴偏振的光的折射率差值(Δnz),从而针对倾斜入射光的p偏振分量获得期望的反射特性。为了方便解释,在多层光学膜的任何关注点上,都将在膜的平面内并且使Δnx的大小最大的轴视为x轴。因此,Δny的大小可以等于或者小于(但不大于)Δnx的大小。此外,以Δnx必须为非负值为条件,来选择从哪一个材料层开始计算差值Δnx、Δny、Δnz。换句话讲,在形成交界的两层之间的折射率差值为Δnj=n1j-n2j,其中j=x、y或z,并且其中选择层的标号1、2,使得n1x≥n2x,即,Δnx≥0。
为了维持对以倾斜角度入射的p偏振光的高反射率,各层之间的z轴折射率失配量Δnz可以被控制为显著小于最大的面内折射率差值Δnx,从而使得Δnz≤0.5*Δnx。更优选地,Δnz≤0.25*Δnx。大小为0或接近0的z轴折射率失配量产生这样的层间界面,入射角变化时,该界面对于p偏振光的反射率为常数或者近似为常数。此外,z轴折射率失配量Δnz可以被控制为具有与面内折射率差值Δnx相反的正负性,即Δnz≤0。此条件会产生这样的界面,该界面对于p偏振光的反射率随入射角的增加而增大,如同对于s偏振光的情形一样。
已经在下述文献中对多层光学膜进行了描述,例如:美国专利3,610,724(Rogers);美国专利3,711,176(Alfrey,Jr.等人),“HighlyReflective Thermoplastic Optical Bodies For Infrared,Visible orUltraviolet Light”(对红外、可见或紫外光具有高反射性的热塑性光学体);美国专利4,446,305(Rogers等人);美国专利4,540,623(Im等人);美国专利5,448,404(Schrenk等人);美国专利5,882,774(Jonza等人),“Optical Film”(光学膜);美国专利6,045,894(Jonza等人),“Clear to Colored Security Film”(透光的着色安全膜);美国专利6,531,230(Weber等人),“Color Shifting Film”(颜色偏移膜);PCT公开WO 99/39224(Ouderkirk等人),“Infrared Interference Filter”(红外干涉滤波器);和美国专利公开2001/0022982A1(Neavin等人),“Apparatus For Making Multilayer Optical Films”(制备多层光学膜的设备);所有这些内容均以引用方式并入本文。在这种多层聚合物光学膜中,主要使用或者仅仅使用聚合物材料来构成单独的层。此种膜可与大批量制造工艺兼容,并且可以制造成大型片材和卷材。
红外线辐射反射性膜152可由交替的聚合物类型的层的任何可用的组合形成。在多个实施例中,交替的聚合物层中的至少一者为双折射的和取向的。在一些实施例中,交替的聚合物层中的一者为双折射的和取向的,而交替的聚合物层中的另一者则为各向同性的。在一个实施例中,多层光学膜由包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物(coPET)的第一聚合物类型的层和包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物(coPMMA)的第二聚合物类型的层交替形成。在另一个实施例中,多层光学膜由包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的第一聚合物类型的层和包含聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-co-丙烯酸乙酯)的共聚物的第二聚合物类型的层交替形成。在另一个实施例中,多层光学膜由包含环己烷二甲醇(PETG)或环己烷二甲醇的共聚物(coPETG)的第一聚合物类型的层和包含聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物(coPEN)的第二聚合物类型的层交替形成。在另一个实施例中,多层光学膜由包含聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物的第一聚合物类型的层和包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物的第二聚合物类型的层交替形成。交替的聚合物类型的层的可用组合在以引用方式并入本文的美国专利6,352,761中有所公开。
如上根据图2所述,太阳能控制膜150还包括聚合物粘合剂层154。在多个实施例中,聚合物粘合剂层154可以包含聚酯和多官能丙烯酸酯、固化性丙烯酸酯、和/或丙烯酸酯/环氧材料。
已经发现,包含多官能丙烯酸酯、固化性丙烯酸酯、和/或丙烯酸酯/环氧材料可减少从红外线辐射反射性膜152到聚合物粘合剂层154的增塑剂迁移。抑制这种增塑剂迁移可改善(即减小)太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体100的雾度值。
适用于形成聚合物粘合剂层154的聚酯可以包含羧酸酯亚单元和二醇亚单元,并且可以由羧酸酯单体分子与二醇单体分子的反应来形成。每个羧酸酯单体分子都具有两个或更多个羧酸官能团或羧酸酯官能团,而每个二醇单体分子都具有两个或更多个羟基官能团。羧酸酯单体分子可以全部相同,或者可以为两种或更多种不同种类的分子。上述情况同样适用于二醇单体分子。术语“聚酯”还包括由二醇单体分子与碳酸酯反应而得到的聚碳酸酯。
适用的羧酸酯单体分子包括(例如):2,6-萘二甲酸及其异构体;对苯二甲酸;间苯二甲酸;邻苯二甲酸;壬二酸;己二酸;癸二酸;降冰片烯二羧酸;双环辛烷二羧酸;1,6-环己烷二羧酸及其异构体;叔丁基间苯二甲酸;偏苯三酸;间苯二甲酸磺酸钠;2,2′-联苯二甲酸及其异构体;以及这些酸的低级烷基(C1-10直链或支链烷基)酯(例如甲酯或乙酯)。
适用的二醇单体分子包括:乙二醇;丙二醇;1,4-丁二醇及其异构体;1,6-己二醇;新戊二醇;聚乙二醇;二甘醇;三环癸烷二醇;1,4-环己烷二甲醇及其异构体;降莰烷二醇;双环辛烷二醇;三羟甲基丙烷;季戊四醇;1,4-苯二甲醇及其异构体;双酚A;1,8-二羟基联苯及其异构体;及1,3-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯。
可用的聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。固有粘度为0.74dL/g的PET可得自Eastman Chemical Company of Kingsport,Tennessee。固有粘度为0.854dL/g的可用PET可得自E.I.DuPont de Nemours&Co.,Inc。
聚合物粘合剂层154还包含多官能丙烯酸酯链段。具体实例包括由自由基聚合性丙烯酸酯单体或低聚物制备的物质,这些单体或低聚物在(例如)美国专利No.5,252,694第5栏第35-68行以及美国专利No.6,887,917第3栏第61行至第6栏第42行中有所描述,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
聚合物粘合剂层154还可包含固化性丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯/环氧材料,例如美国专利No.6,887,917以及美国专利No.6,949,297中所述的材料,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
聚合物粘合剂层154包括分散在聚合物粘合剂层154中的红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子156。红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子可以包含优先吸收红外线辐射的任何材料。适用材料的例子包括金属氧化物(例如锡、锑、铟、和锌的氧化物)以及掺杂型氧化物。
在某些情况下,金属氧化物纳米粒子包括氧化锡、氧化锑、氧化铟、掺杂铟的氧化锡、掺杂锑的铟锡氧化物、锑锡氧化物、掺杂锑的氧化锡、或它们的混合物。在一些实施例中,金属氧化物纳米粒子包括氧化锑(ATO)和/或铟锡氧化物(ITO)。在一些情况下,红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子可以包含六硼化镧(或LaB6)或由其形成。
六硼化镧是有效的近红外线(NIR)吸收剂,其吸收带的中心在900nm处。红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子156的大小可以为使得它们不会实质上影响聚合物粘合剂层154的可见光透射性。在某些情况下,红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子156可以具有任何可用的大小,诸如(例如)1纳米至100纳米、或30纳米至100纳米、或30纳米至75纳米。
本发明不应视为限于本文所述的具体实例。相反,应该理解为涵盖如所附权利要求书中明确阐述的本发明的所有方面。对于本发明所涉及的领域的技术人员来说,在阅读本说明书后,本发明适用的多种修改形式、等同工艺和多种结构将是显而易见的。
实例
这些实例仅仅是用于示例性目的,并且无意于限制所附权利要求书的范围。除非另外指明,否则实例以及说明书其余部分中的所有份数、百分数、比率等均按重量计。除非另外指明,否则所用溶剂和其他试剂均得自Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company;Milwaukee,Wisconsin。
测试方法
在层合前和层合后,使用Haze Guard Plus雾度计(可得自BYK-Gardner,Columbia MD)按照ASTM-D1003标准来测量每个样品的雾度。使用Perkin Elmerλ19分光光度计来测量可见光透射率(Tvis,按照ANSI-Z26测量)、能量反射率(Re,按照ISO-9050测量)和总太阳热透射率(TSHT,按照ISO-9050测量)。也可使用Instron拉伸试验机来测试层合样品的压剪强度,该试验机被构造为剪切以相对压缩力成45度安装的层合样品。
实例1
涂层溶液是通过如下方法制备的:将KHF-7A(六硼化镧纳米粒子溶液,可得自Sumitomo Metal Mining,Osaka,Japan)与Vitel 2200(PET粘合剂,可得自Bostik,Inc.,Middleton MA)、Actilane 420(多官能丙烯酸酯,可得自Akzo Nobel,New Brunswick NJ)和Irgacure 651(光引发剂,可得自Ciba Geigy,Greensborough NC)按如下重量百分比混合在一起:MEK(54%)、Vitel 2200(16%)、KHF-7A(22%)、Actilane420(7%)、Irgacure 651(1%)。
然后在辊磨机中使该混合物混合约1小时,再使用迈耶棒(meyerrod)将其涂覆在太阳能反射膜1200(Solar Reflecting Film 1200)(可得自3M Company,St.Paul MN)上,从而形成0.35密耳(9微米)的干燥厚度。将样品在70℃的烘箱中干燥约10分钟,然后使用配有D型灯的熔融系统处理器(Fusion Systems processor)(UV Systems Inc.Gaithersberg,Maryland)以67英尺/分钟的速度进行UV固化。然后以1.0J/cm2对样品进行氮气电晕处理,从而改善层合材料的粘合力。
层合叠堆通过如下方法来制备:在两片0.38mm的Saflex RK 11(或BUTVAR)PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,可得自Solutia,St.Louis MO)之间夹入涂覆的膜样品,然后将该夹层结构放在2片2.0mm的透明玻璃(可得自PPG)之间。随后将该层合叠堆加热至90℃达15分钟,然后辊压以去除空气。接着按如下循环使用高压釜(高压釜可得自LorimerCorporation)对它们进行处理:在25分钟内从0psig和21℃(70°F)上升至140psig和138℃(280°F),保持30分钟,使用外部风扇在40分钟内冷却至38℃(100°F),通风使压力减至0psig。
比较例1
以与实例1所涉及的描述相同的方式制备样品,不同的是不进行电晕处理。
表1列出了膜(层合前)以及层合体的雾度值,并且给出了压剪强度值。可以看出,电晕处理使粘合力显著地增大,这一点由压剪强度的显著差别可以表明。表2列出了实例1的层合体的光学特性。
表1
样品 | 膜的雾度(%) | 层合体的雾度(%) | 压剪强度(psi) |
实例1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1950 |
比较例1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1160 |
表2.层合体的光学特性
样品 | Tvis(%) | Re(%) | TSHT(%) |
实例1 | 73.3 | 20.2 | 54.2 |
实例2
使用实例1中所述的层合工艺,将两片2.1mm厚的绿色玻璃(可得自PPG)和0.76mm的RK11 PVB层合在一起。测量层合样品的可见光透射率(Tvis)、能量反射率(Re)和总太阳热透射率(TSHT)。结果示于下表中。
表4.层合体的光学特性
样品 | Tvis(%) | Re(%) | TSHT(%) |
实例2有色层/PVB/有色层 | 77.9 | 5.8 | 56.5 |
比较例2
按照与实例1相同的方法制备溶液,不同之处在于:涂层溶液中的材料为KHF-7A(13%)、Vitel 2200(22%)和MEK(65%),所得干燥涂层厚度为0.15密耳(4微米),并且不需要UV固化(因为没有多官能丙烯酸酯)。制备层合叠堆,并按实例1中的方法测量雾度。
表5.不含UV固化的丙烯酸酯的膜和层合体的雾度
样品 | 膜的雾度(%) | 层合体的雾度(%) |
比较例2 | 1.3 | 2.3 |
本发明不应被视为仅限于上述具体实例,而是应理解为涵盖所附权利要求书确切陈述的本发明的所有方面。对于本发明所涉及的领域的技术人员来说,在阅读本说明书后,本发明适用的多种修改形式、等同工艺和多种结构将是显而易见的。
Claims (22)
1.一种太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,包括:
第一玻璃窗基底;
第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层,其设置在所述第一玻璃窗基底上;
太阳能控制膜,其设置在所述第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上;
第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层,其设置在所述太阳能控制膜上;以及
第二玻璃窗基底,其设置在所述第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层上;
其中,所述太阳能控制膜包括红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜和设置在所述红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜上的聚合物粘合剂层,所述聚合物粘合剂层包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段,并且具有分散在所述聚合物粘合剂层中的红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述第一玻璃窗基底包含玻璃,并且所述第二玻璃窗基底包含玻璃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述第一玻璃窗基底和所述第二玻璃窗基底具有不同的太阳能控制特性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述第一玻璃窗基底包含透明玻璃,并且所述第二玻璃窗基底包含绿色玻璃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有小于2的雾度值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有小于1的雾度值。
8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有大于70%的可见光透射率。
9.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有大于15%的能量反射率的值。
10.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有小于50%的总太阳热透射率的值。
11.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子包含六硼化镧、锑锡氧化物或铟锡氧化物。
12.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段包含双官能丙烯酸酯。
13.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述红外线辐射反射性聚合物膜包括多个由第一聚合物材料和第二聚合物材料形成的交替的聚合物层,并且所述交替的层中的至少一者是双折射的和取向的,而且所述交替的聚合物层配合以反射红外线辐射。
14.根据权利要求13所述的太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体,其中所述第一聚合物材料包括:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物;或者聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物。
15.一种形成太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体的方法,包括:
将太阳能控制膜设置在第一与第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层之间,所述太阳能控制膜包括红外线辐射反射性膜和设置在其上的聚合物粘合剂层,所述聚合物粘合剂层包含聚酯和交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段,所述聚合物粘合剂层具有分散在其中的红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子;
将所述第一和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在第一与第二玻璃窗基底之间;以及
施加热量和压力,从而形成所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中提供所述太阳能控制膜的步骤包括:
提供所述红外线辐射反射性膜;以及
将所述聚合物粘合剂层涂覆在所述红外线辐射反射性膜上,所述聚合物粘合剂层包含所述聚酯、交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段和红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述第一玻璃窗基底是玻璃,并且所述第二玻璃窗基底是玻璃。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括在将所述第一和第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛层设置在所述第一和第二玻璃窗基底之间之前对所述太阳能控制膜进行电晕处理。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述太阳能控制玻璃窗层合体具有小于1的雾度值。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述红外线辐射吸收性纳米粒子包含六硼化镧、锑锡氧化物或铟锡氧化物。
21.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述交联的多官能丙烯酸酯链段包含双官能丙烯酸酯,且所述聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物。
22.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述红外线辐射反射性膜包括多个由第一聚合物材料和第二聚合物材料形成的交替的聚合物层,并且所述交替的层中的至少一者是双折射的和取向的,而且所述交替的聚合物层配合以反射红外线辐射。
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US11/466,213 US7727633B2 (en) | 2006-08-22 | 2006-08-22 | Solar control glazing laminates |
US11/466,213 | 2006-08-22 | ||
PCT/US2007/075268 WO2008024612A1 (en) | 2006-08-22 | 2007-08-06 | Solar control glazing laminates |
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EP (1) | EP2057102B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5313897B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101397777B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101506119B (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5313897B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
KR101397777B1 (ko) | 2014-05-20 |
US7727633B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
KR20090045361A (ko) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2057102A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
EP2057102A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
TWI481501B (zh) | 2015-04-21 |
TW200819292A (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP2057102B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
WO2008024612A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
US20080050579A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
JP2010501458A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
CN101506119A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
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