TWI481501B - 控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板 - Google Patents
控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI481501B TWI481501B TW096130887A TW96130887A TWI481501B TW I481501 B TWI481501 B TW I481501B TW 096130887 A TW096130887 A TW 096130887A TW 96130887 A TW96130887 A TW 96130887A TW I481501 B TWI481501 B TW I481501B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- mosaic
- mosaic glass
- glass substrate
- glass laminate
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WOAFDWZSMDJFRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;strontium Chemical compound [Sr].[Sn]=O WOAFDWZSMDJFRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethylbutanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CC JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAXFZZHBFXRZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC(OCCO)=C1 IAXFZZHBFXRZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPGBFKDHRXJSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O QPGBFKDHRXJSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxyflavone Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULIJUDULYQTGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-decoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O ULIJUDULYQTGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFYHGFUUNIWKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C1(CCCCC1)CCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C1(CCCCC1)CCCCCC OFYHGFUUNIWKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXTQXINWQYREGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.CCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.CCCCCCC GXTQXINWQYREGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ipazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001536 azelaic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IHWUGQBRUYYZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC2(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC1C2 IHWUGQBRUYYZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZZPVFWYFOZMQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,4-diol Chemical compound C1CC2(O)C(O)CC1C2 WZZPVFWYFOZMQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctylcyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1C1CCCCCCC1 NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;1-bromo-3-methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
- B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
- B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
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- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
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- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
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- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
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Description
本發明大體而言係關於控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板及其形成方法。
控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃窗向(例如)車輛中、尤其是當太陽處於較直接照射乘客之位置時側面玻璃中之乘客提供舒適感。控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃窗減少透射入(例如)車輛中之紅外能之量。控制太陽光之玻璃通常係用作控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃窗,然而,由於對擋風鑲嵌玻璃、背燈及側燈透射之正當限制,故僅吸收少部分太陽能。
另一控制太陽光之技術為在玻璃上塗覆金屬/氧化物。此改良太陽光控制使其優於吸收玻璃,但金屬塗層可干擾行動電話、車庫門開啟器、雷達偵測器、自動收費機及其類似物所利用之電磁頻率。
另外,任何控制太陽光之解決方案均應能夠滿足擋風鑲嵌玻璃及其他鑲嵌玻璃窗裝置之彎曲需要。該等彎曲需要通常導致控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板分層。
在一例示性實施例中,本發明係關於一種控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其包括第一鑲嵌玻璃基板及置於該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板上之第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。在該第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上安置控制太陽光之薄膜且在該控制太陽光之薄膜上安置第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。在該第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上安置第二鑲嵌玻璃基板。
控制太陽光之薄膜包括反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜及置於該反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜上之聚合物黏合劑層。該聚合物黏合劑層包括聚酯及交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段。在該聚合物黏合劑層中分散有吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子。
在另一例示性實施例中,本發明係關於一種形成控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板之方法。在第一與第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之間安置控制太陽光之薄膜。該控制太陽光之薄膜包括反射紅外輻射之薄膜及置於其上之聚合物黏合劑層。該聚合物黏合劑層包括聚酯及交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段且包括分散於該聚合物黏合劑層中之吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子。
在第一與第二鑲嵌玻璃基板之間安置夾住控制太陽光之薄膜之第一及第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。施加熱及壓力以形成控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板。
根據以下實施方式以及圖式,本發明之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板的該等及其他態樣將變得易於為一般技術者所瞭解。
以下描述應關於圖式進行理解,其中在不同圖式中之類似元件係以類似方式編號。該等圖式(其未必按比例繪製)描述所選說明性實施例且並不意欲限制本發明之範疇。儘管說明各種元件之結構、尺寸及材料之實例,但熟習此項技術者應瞭解所提供之眾多實例具有可利用之適合替代物。
除非另外說明,否則在說明書及申請專利範圍中使用之表示特徵尺寸、量及物理性質之所有數字在所有情況下均應理解為由術語"約"修飾。因此,除非相反說明,否則在前面說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中提出之數值參數為可視熟習此項技術者利用在本文中揭示之教示而試圖獲得之所需性質而改變的近似值。
由端點敍述之數值範圍包括包含在彼範圍內之所有數字(例如l至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4及5)及在彼範圍內之任何範圍。
如在本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,除非內容另外明確說明,否則單數形式"一"及"該"涵蓋具有複數個指示物之實施例。舉例而言,提及"薄膜"時涵蓋具有一個、兩個或兩個以上薄膜之實施例。如在本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,除非內容另外明確說明,否則術語"或"通常係以其包括"及/或"之意義使用。
術語"聚合物"應理解為包括聚合物、共聚物(例如,使用兩種或兩種以上不同單體所形成之聚合物)、寡聚物及其組合,以及可於可混溶摻合物中形成之聚合物、寡聚物或共聚物。
本發明大體而言係關於控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板及其形成方法。詳言之,本發明係關於一種控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其包括第一鑲嵌玻璃基板及置於該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板上之第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。在該第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上安置控制太陽光之薄膜且在該控制太陽光之薄膜上安置第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。在該第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上安置第二鑲嵌玻璃基板。
控制太陽光之薄膜包括反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜及置於該反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜上之聚合物黏合劑層。該聚合物黏合劑層包括聚酯及交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段。在該聚合物黏合劑層中分散有吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子。儘管本發明並非如此受到限制,但經由下文提供之實例之論述將獲得對本發明之各種態樣的理解。
本文中描述之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板不干擾電磁頻率,向汽車鑲嵌玻璃窗提供所需可見光透射,提供改良之太陽光控制且當經受彎曲需要時不分層。
圖1
為控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
之示意性橫截面。該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板包括第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
。其中,第一及第二為隨機的且並不意欲指示上部或下部、內部或外部或任何其他特定可能之定向或組態。鄰接該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
安置第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
且鄰接該第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
安置第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
。在第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
與第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
之間安置控制太陽光之薄膜150
。
該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
可藉由裝配且隨後層壓個別組件而形成。第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
可沿第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
安置。控制太陽光之薄膜150
可與第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
接觸置放。第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
可與控制太陽光之薄膜150
接觸置放,且第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可與第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
接觸置放。
控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
可經組態為在外觀上大體上透明,其具有小於2之混濁度值或甚至小於1之混濁度值。在一些情況下,控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
可經組態為對可見光透明或至少大體上透明,其具有大於70%或大於72%之可見光透射率。控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
可經組態以降低穿過控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
之太陽光所產生的熱能的量,其具有大於約15%之反射能值及小於約50%之總太陽光熱透射值。
圖2
為控制太陽光之薄膜150
之示意性橫截面。該控制太陽光之薄膜150
包括反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
及聚合物黏合劑層154
。在該聚合物黏合劑層154
內安置吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子156
。在一些情況下,聚合物黏合劑層154
可獨立形成且隨後沿反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
安置。在一些情況下,聚合物黏合劑層154
可塗覆於反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
上。
在一些情況下,如所說明,控制太陽光之薄膜150
可經受電暈處理,從而產生薄的表面處理層158
。在一些情況下,控制太陽光之薄膜150
可以每平方公分約1焦耳之速率經受氮電暈處理。已發現此電暈處理大體上增加層壓板層之黏著以使得該等層壓板層在汽車鑲嵌玻璃窗裝置之加工或彎曲需要期間不分層。
第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可由任何適合鑲嵌玻璃材料形成。在一些情況下,鑲嵌玻璃基板可選自在特定波長(包括可見光)下具有所需光學性質之材料。在一些情況下,鑲嵌玻璃基板可選自透射大量可見光譜內之光的材料。在一些情況下,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及/或第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可各自選自諸如玻璃、石英、藍寶石及其類似物之材料。在特定情況下,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可均為玻璃。
在許多實施例中,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
係由相同材料形成且具有相同、相似或大體上相似之物理、光學或控制太陽光之性質。舉例而言,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可均由透明玻璃或綠色玻璃形成。在一些實施例中,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
係由不同材料形成且具有不同之物理、光學或控制太陽光之性質。舉例而言,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
可由透明玻璃形成且第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可由綠色玻璃形成。
第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可為平坦或不平坦。若(例如)控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板110
意欲作為窗鑲嵌玻璃單元時,則可使用平坦鑲嵌玻璃基板。諸如汽車擋風鑲嵌玻璃、側窗及後窗之車輛用途可建議使用不平坦的鑲嵌玻璃基板。必要時且視控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
之意欲用途而定,第一鑲嵌玻璃基板110
及/或第二鑲嵌玻璃基板120
可包括諸如染料(tint)、抗刮擦塗層及其類似物之額外組份。
如上所述,控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
包括第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
及第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
。第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
及第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
可各自經由已知水基或溶劑基縮醛化方法形成,其中聚乙烯醇在酸性催化劑存在下與丁醛反應。在一些情況下,第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
及/或第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
可包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛或由聚乙烯醇縮丁醛形成,其中該聚乙烯醇縮丁醛係以商品名BUTVAR樹脂購自Solutia Incorporated(St.Louis MO)。
在一些情況下,可藉由將樹脂與(視情況)增塑劑混合,且將經混合之調配物擠壓通過薄片模來製造第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層130
及/或第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層140
。若包括增塑劑,則聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂可包括每一百份樹脂約20份至80份或約25份至60份之增塑劑。
適合增塑劑之實例包括多元酸或多元醇之酯。適合增塑劑為三甘醇雙(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三甘醇二-(2-乙基己酸酯)、三甘醇二庚酸酯、四甘醇二庚酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、環己基己二酸己酯、己二酸庚酯與己二酸壬酯之混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸庚基壬酯、癸二酸二丁酯、聚合性增塑劑(諸如經油改質之癸二酸醇酸樹脂)及磷酸酯與諸如美國專利第3,841,890號中所揭示之己二酸酯及諸如美國專利第4,144,217號中所揭示之己二酸酯的混合物。
如上文關於圖2
所述,控制太陽光之薄膜150
包括反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
及聚合物黏合劑層154
。在許多實施例中,反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
為多層光學薄膜。該等層具有不同折射率特性,以使得一些光在相鄰層之間之界面處被反射。該等層足夠薄以使得在複數個界面處反射之光經歷建設性或破壞性干涉以賦予薄膜所需反射或透射性質。對於經設計以反射紫外、可見、近紅外或紅外波長之光的光學薄膜而言,各層通常具有小於約1微米之光學厚度(亦即,物理厚度乘以折射率)。然而,亦可包括較厚層,諸如在薄膜外表面之表層或分隔層封包之置於薄膜內之保護性邊界層。
反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
之折射及透射性質為個別層(亦即,微層)之折射率之函數。各層之特徵可至少在於由平面內折射率nx
、ny
及與薄膜之厚度軸相關之折射率nz
限定在薄膜中之位置。該等折射率表示標的材料對於分別沿相互正交之x軸、y軸及z軸偏振之光的折射率。實務上,折射率係由明智材料選擇及加工條件控制。反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
可藉由共擠出通常數十或數百層兩種交替聚合物A、B,接著視情況使多層擠壓物穿過一或多個倍增模,且隨後拉伸或定向該擠壓物以形成最終薄膜來製造。所得薄膜係由通常數十或數百個個別層組成,其厚度及折射率經特製以在所需光譜區域(諸如在可見、近紅外及/或紅外區域)中提供一或多個反射帶。為使用合理數目之層達成高反射率,相鄰層較佳展示至少0.05之對於沿x軸偏振之光的折射率差(△nx
)。在一些實施例中,若兩個正交偏振需要高反射率,則相鄰層亦展示至少0.05之對於沿y軸偏振之光的折射率差(△ny
)。在其他實施例中,折射率差△ny
可小於0.05或0以產生多層堆疊,其通常反射一種偏振狀態之入射光且通常透射正交偏振狀態之入射光。
必要時,對於沿z軸偏振之光相鄰層之間的折射率差(△nz
)亦可經特製以達成對斜入射光之p偏振成份之所需反射率性質。為便於說明,在多層光學薄膜上之任何所關注點處,x軸應理解為在薄膜平面內定向以使得△nx
之量值為最大值。因此,△ny
之量值可等於或小於(但不大於)△nx
之量值。此外,在計算差△nx
、△ny
、△nz
時選擇何種材料層開始將受到需要△nx
為非負值這一需要所支配。換言之,形成界面之兩層之間的折射率差為△nj
=n1j
-n2j
,其中j=x、y或z且其中選定層編號1、2以使得n1x n2x
,亦即,△nx 0。
為維持p偏振光在斜入射角下之高反射率,各層之間的z折射率失配△nz
可經控制為大體上小於最大平面內折射率差△nx
,以使得△nz 0.5×△nx
。更佳地,△nz 0.25×△nx
。零或接近零之量值z折射率失配在各層之間產生界面,作為入射角之函數之其對於p偏振光之反射率為常數或接近常數。此外,與平面內折射率差△nx
相比,z折射率失配△nz
可經控制以具有相反極性,亦即△nz
<0。如對於s偏振光之情況一樣,此條件產生其對於p偏振光之反射率隨入射角增加而增加之界面。
多層光學薄膜已描述於(例如)美國專利3,610,724(Rogers);美國專利3,711,176(Alfrey,Jr.等人)"Highly Reflective Thermoplastic Optical Bodies For Infrared,Visible or Ultraviolet Light";美國專利4,446,305(Rogers等人);美國專利4,540,623(Im等人);美國專利5,448,404(Schrenk等人);美國專利5,882,774(Jonza等人)"Optical Film";美國專利6,045,894(Jonza等人)"Clearto Colored Security Film";美國專利6,531,230(Weber等人)"Color Shifting Film";PCT公開案WO 99/39224(Ouderkirk等人)"Infrared Interference Filter";及美國專利公開案2001/0022982 A1(Neavin等人)"Apparatus For Making Multilayer Optical Films"中,所有該等文獻均以引用的方式併入本文中。在該等聚合性多層光學薄膜中,聚合物材料係主要或唯一地用於個別層之組成中。該等薄膜可與高容量製造方法相容,且可製成大薄片及卷筒產品。
反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
可由交替聚合物類型層之任何有用組合形成。在眾多實施例中,交替聚合物層中之至少一者為雙折射型且經定向。在一些實施例中,交替聚合物層中之一者為雙折射型且經定向且另一交替聚合物層為各向同性。在一實施例中,多層光學薄膜係由包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物(coPET)之第一聚合物類型與包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)或聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)之共聚物(coPMMA)之第二聚合物類型的交替層形成。在另一實施例中,多層光學薄膜係由包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之第一聚合物類型與包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯及丙烯酸乙酯)之共聚物之第二聚合物類型的交替層形成。在另一實施例中,多層光學薄膜係由包括環己烷二甲醇(PETG)或環己烷二甲醇之共聚物(coPETG)之第一聚合物類型與包括聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)或聚萘二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物(coPEN)之第二聚合物類型的交替層形成。在另一實施例中,多層光學薄膜係由包括聚萘二甲酸乙二酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物之第一聚合物類型與包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)或聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)之共聚物之第二聚合物類型的交替層形成。交替聚合物類型層之有用組合揭示於US 6,352,761中,其以引用的方式併入本文中。
如上文關於圖2
所述,控制太陽光之薄膜150
亦包括聚合物黏合劑層154
。在眾多實施例中,聚合物黏合劑層154
可包括聚酯及多官能丙烯酸酯、可固化丙烯酸酯及/或丙烯酸酯/環氧材料。
已發現包括多官能丙烯酸酯、可固化丙烯酸酯及/或丙烯酸酯/環氧材料可減少增塑劑自反射紅外輻射之薄膜152
至聚合物黏合劑層154
之遷移。防止此增塑劑遷移可改良(亦即,降低)控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板100
的混濁度值。
適用於形成聚合物黏合劑層154
之聚酯可包括羧酸酯及二醇亞單元且可由羧酸酯單體分子與二醇單體分子之反應產生。各羧酸酯單體分子具有兩個或兩個以上羧酸或酯官能基且各二醇單體分子具有兩個或兩個以上羥基官能基。該等羧酸酯單體分子可全部相同或可存在兩種或兩種以上不同類型之分子。此同樣適用於二醇單體分子。術語"聚酯"中亦包括由二醇單體分子與碳酸酯反應所衍生之聚碳酸酯。
適合羧酸酯單體分子包括(例如)2,6-萘二甲酸及其異構體;對苯二甲酸;間苯二甲酸;鄰苯二甲酸;壬二酸;己二酸;癸二酸;降冰片烯二甲酸;雙環辛烷二甲酸;1,6-環己烷二甲酸及其異構體;第三丁基間苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、磺化間苯二甲酸鈉;2,2'-聯苯二甲酸及其異構體;及該等酸之低碳烷基(C1-10
直鏈或支鏈)酯,諸如甲酯或乙酯。
適合二醇單體分子包括乙二醇;丙二醇;1,4-丁二醇及其異構體;1,6-己二醇;新戊二醇;聚乙二醇;二甘醇;三環癸二醇;1,4-環己烷二甲醇及其異構體;降冰片烷二醇;雙環辛二醇;三羥甲基丙烷;異戊四醇;1,4-苯二甲醇及其異構體;雙酚A;1,8-二羥基聯苯及其異構體;及1,3-雙(2-羥基乙氧基)苯。
有用之聚酯為聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。具有0.74 dL/g之固有黏度之PET係自Eastman Chemical Company(Kingsport,Tennessee)獲得。具有0.854 dL/g之固有黏度之有用PET係自E.I.DuPont de Nemours & Co.,Inc獲得。
聚合物黏合劑層154
亦包括多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段。特定實例包括由諸如美國專利第5,252,694號第5行第35-68列及美國專利第6,887,917號第3行第61列至第6行第42列中所述之可自由基聚合之丙烯酸酯單體或寡聚物製備的彼等嵌段,該等文獻以引用的方式併入本文中。
聚合物黏合劑層154
亦可包括可固化丙烯酸酯及丙烯酸酯/環氧材料,諸如美國專利第6,887,917號及美國專利第6,949,297號中所述之彼等材料,該等文獻係以引用的方式併入本文中。
聚合物黏合劑層154
包括分散在聚合物黏合劑層154
中之吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子156
。該等吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子可包括優先吸收紅外輻射之任何材料。適合材料之實例包括諸如氧化錫、氧化銻、氧化銦及氧化鋅及經摻雜氧化物之金屬氧化物。
在一些情況下,金屬氧化物奈米粒子包括氧化錫、氧化銻、氧化銦、摻雜銦之氧化錫、摻雜銻之氧化銦錫、氧化銻錫、摻雜銻之氧化錫或其混合物。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物奈米粒子包括氧化銻(ATO)及/或氧化銦錫(ITO)。在一些情況下,吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子可包括六硼化鑭或LaB6
,或由六硼化鑭或LaB6
製成。
六硼化鑭為有效近IR(NIR)吸收劑,其具有中心位於900 nm之吸收帶。吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子156
可經尺寸篩選以使得其不顯著影響聚合物黏合劑層154
之可見光透射。在一些情況下,吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子156
可具有任何有用尺寸,諸如1至100或30至100或30至75奈米。
本發明不應被理解為受限於本文所述之特定實例,而應理解為如於隨附申請專利範圍中明確提出一樣涵蓋本發明之所有態樣。在論述本說明書之後,本發明可適用之各種更改、等效方法以及眾多結構將易於為熟習本發明所關於之技術者所瞭解。
此等實例僅為說明性目的且並不意欲限制隨附申請專利範圍之範疇。除非另外說明,否則在實例及說明書其餘部分中之所有份、百分比、比率等係以重量計。除非另外說明,否則所用溶劑及其他試劑係自Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company,Milwaukee,Wisconsin獲得。
在層壓之前及之後根據ASTM-D1003使用Haze Guard Plus混濁度儀(自BYK-Gardner,Columbia MD獲得)來量測各樣品之混濁度。使用Perkin Elmer Lambda 19分光光度計來量測可見光透射率(根據ANSI-Z26之Tvis)、反射能(根據ISO-9050之Re)及透射之總太陽熱量(根據ISO-9050之TSHT)。亦使用經組態成剪切以對壓縮力呈45度安裝之層壓樣品之Instron抗張測定器來測試層壓樣品之壓剪力。
藉由將KHF-7A(自Sumitomo Metal Mining,Osaka,Japan獲得之六硼化鑭奈米粒子之溶液)與Vitel 2200(自Bostik,Inc.,Middleton MA獲得之PET黏合劑)、Actilane 420(自Akzo Nobel,New Brunswick NJ獲得之多官能丙烯酸酯)及Irgaure 651(自Ciba Geigy,Greensborough NC獲得之光引發劑)以下列重量百分比組合來製備塗覆溶液:MEK(54%)、Vitel 2200(16%)、KHF-7A(22%)、Actilane 420(7%)、Irgacure 651(1%)。
隨後將此組合於滾筒研磨機中混合約1小時,且隨後使用梅爾棒(meyer rod)塗於太陽光反射薄膜1200(Solar Reflecting Film 1200)(自3M Company,St.Paul MN獲得)上,產生0.35密耳(9微米)之乾燥厚度。將樣品在70℃下烘箱乾燥約10分鐘且隨後使用裝備有D燈泡之Fusion Systems處理器(UV Systems Inc.Gaithersberg,Maryland)以每分鐘67呎進行UV固化。隨後將樣品以1.0 J/cm2
進行氮電暈處理以改良層壓板之黏著。
藉由將經塗覆薄膜樣品夾層於2個0.38 mm Saflex RK 11(或BUTVAR)PVB薄片(自Solutia,St.Louis MO獲得之聚乙烯醇縮丁醛)之間,且隨後將夾層置於2片2.0 mm透明玻璃(自PPG獲得)之間來製備層壓堆疊。隨後將該層壓堆疊加熱至90℃歷時15分鐘,且隨後碾軋以移除空氣。隨後以以下循環將其高壓滅菌(高壓釜係自Lorimer Corporation獲得):在25分鐘內自0 psig及21℃(70℉)逐步上升至140 psig及138℃(280℉),保持30分鐘,使用外部風扇在40分鐘內冷卻至38℃(100℉),排空壓力至0 psig。
除不應用電暈處理之外,以關於實例1所述相同之方式來製備樣品。
表1列出薄膜(層壓前)與層壓板之混濁度值,以及提供壓剪力值。如由壓剪力之顯著不同所示,可見電暈處理提供黏著力之顯著增大。表2列出實例1之光學性質。
使用實例1中所述之層壓方法將兩片2.1 mm厚綠色玻璃(自PPG獲得)及0.76 mm RK11 PVB層壓在一起。量測層壓樣品之可見光透射率(Tvis)、反射能(Re)及透射之總太陽熱量(TSHT)。結果在下表中。
以與實例1相同之方式來製備溶液,其中有以下不同:塗覆溶液中之材料為KHF-7A(13%)、Vitel 2200(22%)及MEK(65%),所得乾燥塗層厚度為0.15密耳(4微米),且不需要UV固化(因為不存在多官能丙烯酸酯)。製備層壓堆疊,且如實例1中一樣量測混濁度。
本發明不應被理解為受限於上述特定實例,而應理解為如於隨附申請專利範圍中明確提出一樣涵蓋本發明之所有態樣。在論述本說明書之後,本發明可適用之各種更改、等效方法以及眾多結構將易於為熟習本發明所關於之技術者所瞭解。
100...控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板
110...第一鑲嵌玻璃基板
120...第二鑲嵌玻璃基板
130...第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層
140...第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層
150...控制太陽光之薄膜
152...反射紅外輻射之薄膜
154...聚合物黏合劑層
156...吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子
158...薄的表面處理層
圖1
為包括控制太陽光之薄膜的控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板的示意性橫截面圖;及圖2
為圖1
中所包括之控制太陽光之薄膜的示意性橫截面圖。
100...控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板
110...第一鑲嵌玻璃基板
120...第二鑲嵌玻璃基板
130...第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層
140...第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層
150...控制太陽光之薄膜
Claims (22)
- 一種控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其包含:第一鑲嵌玻璃基板;第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層,其係設置於該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板上;控制太陽光之薄膜,其係設置於該第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上;第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層,其係設置於該控制太陽光之薄膜上;及第二鑲嵌玻璃基板,其係設置於該第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層上;其中該控制太陽光之薄膜包含反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜及設置於該反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜上之聚合物黏合劑層,該聚合物黏合劑層包含聚酯及交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段且具有分散於其中之吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板包含玻璃且該第二鑲嵌玻璃基板包含玻璃。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板及該第二鑲嵌玻璃基板具有不同的控制太陽光之性質。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板包含透明玻璃且該第二鑲嵌玻璃基板包 含綠色玻璃。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該聚酯包含聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有小於2之混濁度值。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有小於1之混濁度值。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有大於70%之可見光透射率。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有大於15%之反射能值。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有小於50%之透射總太陽熱量值。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該等吸收紅外光之奈米粒子包含六硼化鑭、氧化銻錫或氧化銦錫。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該等交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段包含雙官能丙烯酸酯。
- 如請求項1之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該反射紅外輻射之聚合物薄膜包含多層聚合物薄膜,該多層聚合物薄膜包含第一聚合物材料及第二聚合物材料之複 數個交替聚合物層,且該等交替層中之至少一者為雙折射型且經定向,且該等交替聚合物層協作反射紅外輻射。
- 如請求項13之控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板,其中該第一聚合物材料包含聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物或聚萘二甲酸乙二酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物。
- 一種形成控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板的方法,其包含:將控制太陽光之薄膜安置於第一與第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之間,該控制太陽光之薄膜包含反射紅外輻射之薄膜及安置於其上之聚合物黏合劑層,該聚合物黏合劑層包含聚酯及交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段,該聚合物黏合劑層具有分散於其中之吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子;將該第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層及該第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層安置於第一鑲嵌玻璃基板與第二鑲嵌玻璃基板之間;及施加熱及壓力以形成該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中提供一控制太陽光之薄膜包含:提供反射紅外輻射之薄膜;及將包含聚酯、交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段及吸收紅外輻射之奈米粒子之聚合物黏合劑層塗覆於該反射紅外輻射之薄膜上。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該第一鑲嵌玻璃基板為玻璃且該第二鑲嵌玻璃基板為玻璃。
- 如請求項15之方法,其進一步包含在將該第一聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層及該第二聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層安置於第一鑲嵌玻璃基板與第二鑲嵌玻璃基板之間之前電暈處理該控制太陽光之薄膜。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該控制太陽光之鑲嵌玻璃層壓板具有小於1之混濁度值。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該等吸收紅外光之奈米粒子包含六硼化鑭、氧化銻錫或氧化銦錫。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該等交聯多官能丙烯酸酯鏈段包含雙官能丙烯酸酯且該聚酯包含聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之共聚物。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該反射紅外輻射之薄膜包含多層聚合物薄膜,該多層聚合物薄膜包含第一聚合物材料及第二聚合物材料之複數個交替聚合物層,且該等交替層中之至少一者為雙折射型且經定向,且該等交替聚合物層協作反射紅外輻射。
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CN (1) | CN101506119B (zh) |
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JP5313897B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
KR101397777B1 (ko) | 2014-05-20 |
EP2057102B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2057102A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
JP2010501458A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
CN101506119B (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
TW200819292A (en) | 2008-05-01 |
CN101506119A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
EP2057102A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
US7727633B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
KR20090045361A (ko) | 2009-05-07 |
WO2008024612A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
US20080050579A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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